-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 18
/
bholes.tex
323 lines (254 loc) · 9.43 KB
/
bholes.tex
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
%
% Lectures "Geometry and physics of black holes"
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%\usepackage[ttscale=.8]{libertine}
\usepackage{libertine} % Linux Libertine font
\usepackage{zi4} % Inconsolata font for monospace (tt), not LibertineMono
%\usepackage{libertinust1math} % math with Libertine font
%\usepackage[libertine]{newtxmath} % a variant for math with Libertine in the text
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb} % symboles AMS (-> \mathbb)
\usepackage{amsthm} % theorem-like environments
\usepackage[nottoc]{tocbibind} % bibliographie et index dans la table des matières
% l'option 'nottoc' spécifiant de ne pas inclure la
% TOC elle-même dans la TOC
\usepackage{imakeidx} % generation de l'index
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{minitoc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{bm} % bold math
\usepackage{mathrsfs} % -> \mathscr
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[framemethod=TikZ]{mdframed} % -> grey boxes
\usepackage{cases} % numbered cases equations
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{hyperref}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Reglages:
%
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Geometry and physics of black holes},
pdfsubject={black holes},
pdfauthor={Eric Gourgoulhon <eric.gourgoulhon@obspm.fr>},
pdfkeywords={LaTeX},
colorlinks=true
}
\pagestyle{fancyplain}
\addtolength{\headwidth}{\marginparsep}
\addtolength{\headwidth}{\marginparwidth}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\lhead[\fancyplain{}{\bfseries\thepage}]{}
\rhead[]{\fancyplain{}{\bfseries\thepage}}
\chead[\fancyplain{}{\bfseries\leftmark}]{\fancyplain{}{\bfseries\rightmark}}
\cfoot{}
%
\setcounter{minitocdepth}{1}
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\bullet$}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.4}
%
% Hauteur du texte:
\setlength{\topmargin}{-1.8cm} % marge haut = 2.56cm + \topmargin
\setlength{\headheight}{1cm}
\setlength{\headsep}{0.5cm}
\setlength{\textheight}{22.5cm} % hauteur corps texte = \textheight
%\setlength{\footheight}{2cm}
%
% Largeur du texte:
\setlength{\textwidth}{16cm}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.cm}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.cm}
\setlength{\marginparsep}{0.cm}
%
% Figures flottantes:
% fraction maximale d'une page pouvant etre occupe par une figure:
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.8}
% fraction minimale d'une page reservee pour le texte:
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.2}
% fraction minimale d'occupation de la page par une figure pleine page:
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.7}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% New commands
\newcommand{\M}{\mathscr{M}}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\renewcommand{\SS}{\mathbb{S}}
\newcommand{\Hor}{\mathscr{H}}
\newcommand{\Sp}{\mathscr{S}}
\newcommand{\Obs}{\mathscr{O}}
\newcommand{\Li}{\mathscr{L}}
\newcommand{\scri}{\mathscr{I}}
\newcommand{\ring}{\mathscr{R}}
\newcommand{\E}{\mathscr{E}}
\renewcommand{\th}{\theta}
\newcommand{\ph}{\varphi}
\newcommand{\tph}{{\tilde\varphi}}
\newcommand{\ti}{{\tilde t}}
\newcommand{\tlamb}{{\tilde\lambda}}
\newcommand{\D}{\mathrm{d}}
\newcommand{\dd}{\mathbf{d}}
\newcommand{\w}[1]{\bm{#1}}
\newcommand{\wpar}{\w{\partial}}
\newcommand{\wnab}{\w{\nabla}}
\newcommand{\vw}[1]{\overrightarrow{\w{#1}}}
\newcommand{\vp}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}}
\newcommand{\vvw}[1]{\stackrel{\twoheadrightarrow}{\w{#1}}}
\newcommand{\uu}[1]{\underline{\w{#1}}}
\newcommand{\eps}{\epsilon}
\newcommand{\weps}{\w{\eps}}
\newcommand{\wepsS}{{}^{\Sp}\!\!\weps}
\newcommand{\epsS}{{}^{\Sp}\!\!\eps}
\newcommand{\el}{\ell}
\newcommand{\wl}{\w{\el}}
\newcommand{\be}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\ee}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\bea}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\eea}{\end{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\encadre}[1]{\fbox{$\displaystyle #1$}}
\newcommand{\der}[2]{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}}
\newcommand{\derd}[2]{\frac{\D #1}{\D #2}}
\newcommand{\dderd}[2]{\frac{\D^2 #1}{\D {#2}^2}}
\newcommand{\dert}[2]{{\partial #1}/{\partial #2}}
\newcommand{\Liesymbol}{\mathcal{L}}
\newcommand{\Lie}[1]{\w{\Liesymbol}_{\w{#1}}\,}
\newcommand{\Liec}[1]{{\Liesymbol}_{\w{#1}}\,}
\newcommand{\equalH}{\stackrel{\Hor}{=}}
\newcommand{\equalS}{\stackrel{\Sp}{=}}
\newcommand{\DS}{{}^\Sp\!\!\w{D}}
\newcommand{\DSc}{{}^\Sp\!\!D}
\newcommand{\veps}{\varepsilon}
\newcommand{\qand}{\qquad\mbox{and}\qquad}
\newcommand{\bigO}{\mathcal{O}}
\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{$\circ$} % to avoid --
\newcommand{\vcentertab}[1]{\begin{tabular}{l} {#1} \end{tabular}}
\DeclareMathOperator{\arcosh}{arcosh}
\DeclareMathOperator{\arsinh}{arsinh}
\DeclareMathOperator{\artanh}{artanh}
\DeclareMathOperator{\arcoth}{arcoth}
\DeclareMathOperator{\arctantwo}{arctan2}
% slash integral
\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice
{\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
{\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
\!\int}
\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
\vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
\def\dashint{\Xint-}
\newcommand{\defin}[1]{\textbf{\itshape #1}}
\newcounter{remarkCounter}[section]
\newenvironment{remark}%
{\refstepcounter{remarkCounter}
\par\medskip\noindent\small\textbf{Remark \theremarkCounter:}}%
{\par\medskip}
\newcounter{exampleCounter}[chapter]
\newenvironment{example}[1][]%
{\refstepcounter{exampleCounter}
\par\medskip\noindent\small\textbf{Example \theexampleCounter\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}{: }{ (#1):}}}%
{\par\medskip}
\newenvironment{notation}%
{\par\medskip\noindent\textbf{Notation:}}%
{\par\medskip}
\newenvironment{hist}[1][]%
%{\par\medskip\noindent\small\textbf{Historical note:}}%
{\par\medskip\noindent\small\textbf{Historical note \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}{: }{ (#1):}}}%
{\par\medskip}
\newmdenv[backgroundcolor=gray!10!white,roundcorner=5pt,hidealllines=true]{greybox}
%\theoremstyle{definition} % upright text in theorems
\mdfdefinestyle{propstyle}{%
linecolor=black,linewidth=2pt,%
hidealllines=true,
frametitlerule=true,%
frametitlebackgroundcolor=gray!20,
backgroundcolor=gray!10!white,
roundcorner=5pt,
innertopmargin=\topskip,
}
\mdtheorem[style=propstyle]{prop}{Property}[chapter]
\mdtheorem[style=propstyle]{lemma}[prop]{Lemma}
%\newenvironment{remark}[1][]%
%{\begin{description} \item[\emph{Remark #1:}]\it}%
%{\end{description}}
%\theoremstyle{remark}
%\newtheorem{remark}{Remark}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\makeindex[intoc=true]
\makeindex[name=pers,title=Index of person names,intoc=true]
%\includeonly{intro,cadre,ref}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\
\vspace{4cm}
\begin{center}
{\Huge\textbf{Geometry and physics of black holes}}\\[2ex]
{\Huge\emph{Lecture notes}}\\[3ex]
{\large IAP, Paris, March-April 2016} \\[1ex]
{\large CP3, UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, November 2016}\\[1ex]
{\large DIAS-TH, BLTP, Dubna, May 2017}\\[1ex]
{\large Les Houches, July 2018}\\[1ex]
{\large CSGC, IITM, Chennai, January 2022}\\[1ex]
{\large ENS, Paris, May-June 2023}\\[1ex]
{\large AEI, Potsdam, December 2023}\\[1ex]
{\large IHP, Paris, March 2024}\\[8ex]
Éric Gourgoulhon \\
Laboratoire Univers et Théories \\
CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Cité\\
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres\\
\href{mailto:eric.gourgoulhon@obspm.fr}{\texttt{eric.gourgoulhon@obspm.fr}}\\[8ex]
\url{https://relativite.obspm.fr/blackholes}\\[8ex]
{\Huge --- DRAFT ---}\\[2ex]
{version of 29 May 2024}\\[2ex]
\emph{\Large Corrections and comments are welcome}
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}
\dominitoc
\newpage
\include{pre} % Preface
\setcounter{tocdepth}{1} % only chapters and sections in TOC
\tableofcontents
\part{Foundations}
\include{fra} % General framework
\include{def} % The concept of black hole 1: Horizons as null hypersurfaces
\include{neh} % The concept of black hole 2: Non-expanding horizons
\include{glo} % The concept of black hole 3: The global view
\include{sta} % Stationary black holes
\part{Schwarzschild black hole} \label{P:sch}
\include{sch} % Schwarzschild black hole
\include{ges} % Geodesics in Schwarzschild spacetime: generic and timelike cases
\include{gis} % Null geodesics and images in Schwarzschild spacetime
\include{max} % Maximal extension of Schwarzschild spacetime
\part{Kerr black hole} \label{P:ker}
\include{ker} % Kerr black hole
\include{gek} % Geodesics in Kerr spacetime: generic and timelike cases
\include{gik} % Null geodesics and images in Kerr spacetime
\include{exk} % Extremal Kerr black hole
\part{Dynamical black holes}
\include{lem} % Black hole formation 1: dust collapse
\include{vai} % Black hole formation 2: Vaidya collapse
\include{evo} % Evolution and thermodynamics of black holes
\include{loc} %
%\chapter{Black holes and gravitational waves}
%\chapter{Higher-dimensional solutions and black holes in alternative theories} \label{s:hid}
\appendix
\part{Appendices}
\include{bas} % Basic differential geometry
\include{geo} % Geodesics
\include{ksm} % Kerr-Schild metrics
\include{sam} % SageMath computations
\include{gyo} % Gyoto computations
\include{web} % On the Web
\include{ref}
\cleardoublepage
\phantomsection % to have correct hyperlink to index in TOC
%\indexprologue{Only names of persons who are explicitly mentioned in the text, mostly
%in historical notes, are listed here.}
%\printindex[pers]
\cleardoublepage
\phantomsection % to have correct hyperlink to index in TOC
\printindex
\end{document}