Lecture-2/Lecture-2.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Lecture 2 notebook\n",
    "\n",
    "In this notebook we will cover:\n",
    "- Regular Expression\n",
    "- Vectorization\n",
    "- Twitter example"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Regular Expression:\n",
    "A sequence of characters that define a search pattern:\n",
    "- Find operation\n",
    "- Find and replace operation\n",
    "- Find and split operation\n",
    "\n",
    "Example of split operation:\n",
    "This example split the input separted by one or multiple special characters (\"  \\n()-.\"):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['TEAM', 'NEWS:', \"Here's\", 'how', 'Newcastle', 'United', 'will', 'line', 'up', 'at', '@ManCity', 'in', 'the', '@premierleague', 'this', 'afternoon', 'kick', 'off', '5:30pm', 'GMT', '#NUFC', 'http://www', 'nufc', 'co', 'uk/test/']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "text ='''TEAM NEWS: Here's how Newcastle United will line up \n",
    "at @ManCity in the @premierleague this afternoon \n",
    "(kick-off 5:30pm GMT). #NUFC http://www.nufc.co.uk/test/'''\n",
    "\n",
    "import re\n",
    "print(re.split(\"[ \\n()-.]+\", text))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tokenization example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['TEAM', 'NEWS', 'Here', 's', 'how', 'Newcastle', 'United', 'will', 'line', 'up', 'at', 'ManCity', 'in', 'the', 'premierleague', 'this', 'afternoon', 'kick', 'off', '5', '30pm', 'GMT', 'NUFC', 'https', 'www', 'nufc', 'co', 'uk']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#select tokens of 1 or more alphanumeric \n",
    "print(re.findall(\"\\w+\", text))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['TEAM', 'NEWS', 'Here', 'how', 'Newcastle', 'United', 'will', 'line', 'up', 'at', 'ManCity', 'in', 'the', 'premierleague', 'this', 'afternoon', 'kick', 'off', '30pm', 'GMT', 'NUFC', 'https', 'www', 'nufc', 'co', 'uk']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#select tokens of 2 or more alphanumeric \n",
    "print(re.findall('\\w\\w+', text))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Recognizing URLs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['http://www.nufc.co.uk/test/']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\\(\\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Recognizing hashtags (or mentions)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[('#', 'NUFC')]\n",
      "['ManCity', 'premierleague']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Hashtag:\n",
    "print(re.findall('(?<=^|(?<=[^a-zA-Z0-9-_\\.]))(#)([A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]+)', text))\n",
    "\n",
    "#Mention\n",
    "print(re.findall('(?<=^|(?<=[^a-zA-Z0-9-_\\.]))@([A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]+)', text))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Applying multiple regexp:\n",
    "- Changing URLs to 'url'\n",
    "- Chaning hashtag sign (#) to 'hashtag_'\n",
    "- Removing mentions\n",
    "- Tokenization"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['team', 'news', 'here', 'how', 'newcastle', 'united', 'will', 'line', 'up', 'at', 'in', 'the', 'this', 'afternoon', 'kick', 'off', '30pm', 'gmt', 'hashtag_nufc', 'url']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "regexp_url = 'http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\\(\\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+'\n",
    "pattern_url = re.compile(regexp_url, re.UNICODE | re.IGNORECASE)\n",
    "\n",
    "regexp_hashtag = '(?<=^|(?<=[^a-zA-Z0-9-_\\.]))#([A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]+)'\n",
    "pattern_hashtag = re.compile(regexp_hashtag, re.UNICODE | re.IGNORECASE)\n",
    "\n",
    "regexp_mention = '(?<=^|(?<=[^a-zA-Z0-9-_\\.]))@([A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]+)'\n",
    "pattern_mention = re.compile(regexp_mention, re.UNICODE | re.IGNORECASE)\n",
    "\n",
    "regexp_token = '\\w\\w+'\n",
    "pattern_token = re.compile(regexp_token, re.UNICODE | re.IGNORECASE)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Changing URLs to 'url'\n",
    "temp = pattern_url.sub('url', text.lower())\n",
    "\n",
    "#Chaning hashtag sign (#) to 'hashtag_'\n",
    "temp = pattern_hashtag.sub(r'hashtag_\\1', temp)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Removing mentions\n",
    "temp = pattern_mention.sub('', temp)\n",
    "\n",
    "tokens = pattern_token.findall(temp)\n",
    "#Tokenization\n",
    "print(tokens)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "# Sparse Matrix\n",
    "\n",
    "## Lists of lists (LIL)\n",
    "Good for incremental matrix construction\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[2, 3] [2] [1, 5]]\n",
      "[[1, 3] [1] [0, 2]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from scipy.sparse import lil_matrix, csr_matrix, csc_matrix, rand\n",
    "\n",
    "X = [[0, 2, 0, 3], \n",
    "     [0, 2, 0, 0], \n",
    "     [1, 0, 5, 0]]\n",
    "\n",
    "lil = lil_matrix(X)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(lil.data)\n",
    "print(lil.rows)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Compressed Sparse Row (CSR)\n",
    "Good for row operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[2 3 2 1 5]\n",
      "[1 3 1 0 2]\n",
      "[0 2 3 5]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "csr = csr_matrix(X)\n",
    "print(csr.data)\n",
    "print(csr.indices)\n",
    "print(csr.indptr)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Compressed Sparse Column (CSC)\n",
    "\n",
    "Good for column operations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[2 3 2 1 5]\n",
      "[1 3 1 0 2]\n",
      "[0 2 3 5]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "csc = csc_matrix(X)\n",
    "print(csr.data)\n",
    "print(csr.indices)\n",
    "print(csr.indptr)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[0 2 0 3]\n",
      " [0 2 0 0]\n",
      " [1 0 5 0]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(csr.toarray())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Wall time: 3.19 s\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<100000x2000 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'\n",
       "\twith 126445393 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X = rand(100000, 10000, format = 'csr')\n",
    "Y = rand(10000, 2000, format = 'csr')\n",
    "\n",
    "%time X.dot(Y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Wall time: 691 ms\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0.        ,  0.06534852,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,\n",
       "         0.6852752 ,  0.        ],\n",
       "       [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,\n",
       "         0.        ,  0.        ],\n",
       "       [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.29989203, ...,  0.        ,\n",
       "         0.        ,  0.07798953],\n",
       "       ..., \n",
       "       [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,\n",
       "         0.        ,  0.        ],\n",
       "       [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,\n",
       "         0.        ,  0.        ],\n",
       "       [ 0.        ,  0.        ,  0.        , ...,  0.        ,\n",
       "         0.        ,  0.        ]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X_dense = X.toarray()\n",
    "Y_dense = Y.toarray()\n",
    "%time X_dense.dot(Y_dense)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\WinPython-64bit-3.4.4.4Qt5\\python-3.4.4.amd64\\lib\\site-packages\\scipy\\sparse\\compressed.py:730: SparseEfficiencyWarning: Changing the sparsity structure of a csr_matrix is expensive. lil_matrix is more efficient.\n",
      "  SparseEfficiencyWarning)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Wall time: 259 ms\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%time X[100, 30] = 200"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<100000x10000 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'\n",
       "\twith 10000001 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "## Vectorization\n",
    "\n",
    "Binary Vectorization:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[0 0 0 0 0 1 1]\n",
      " [0 0 0 1 1 0 0]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer, TfidfVectorizer\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "Data = [\"Shipment of gold damaged in a fire\", \n",
    "        \"Delivery of silver arrived in a silver truck\", \n",
    "        \"Shipment of gold arrived in a truck\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "Binary = CountVectorizer(binary = True, stop_words = 'english')\n",
    "#X = Binary.fit_transform(Data)\n",
    "Binary.fit(Data)\n",
    "\n",
    "Text = [\"silver truck\", \"Shipment of gold\"]\n",
    "X = Binary.transform(Text)\n",
    "print(X.toarray())\n",
    "#X"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'arrived': 0,\n",
       " 'damaged': 1,\n",
       " 'delivery': 2,\n",
       " 'gold': 3,\n",
       " 'shipment': 4,\n",
       " 'silver': 5,\n",
       " 'truck': 6}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Binary.vocabulary_"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Count Vecotirzation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0]\n",
      " [1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 1]\n",
      " [1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Count = CountVectorizer()\n",
    "X = Count.fit_transform(Data)\n",
    "print(X.toarray())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "TF-IDF Vectorization:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[ 0.          1.69314718  0.          1.69314718  1.28768207  1.          1.\n",
      "   1.28768207  0.          0.        ]\n",
      " [ 1.28768207  0.          1.69314718  0.          0.          1.          1.\n",
      "   0.          3.38629436  1.28768207]\n",
      " [ 1.28768207  0.          0.          0.          1.28768207  1.          1.\n",
      "   1.28768207  0.          1.28768207]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "TfIdf = TfidfVectorizer(norm = None)\n",
    "X = TfIdf.fit_transform(Data)\n",
    "print(X.todense())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "# Vectorization example\n",
    "\n",
    "Loading 20 Newsgroups database:\n",
    "\n",
    "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Twenty+Newsgroups\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['alt.atheism', 'comp.graphics', 'comp.os.ms-windows.misc', 'comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware', 'comp.sys.mac.hardware', 'comp.windows.x', 'misc.forsale', 'rec.autos', 'rec.motorcycles', 'rec.sport.baseball', 'rec.sport.hockey', 'sci.crypt', 'sci.electronics', 'sci.med', 'sci.space', 'soc.religion.christian', 'talk.politics.guns', 'talk.politics.mideast', 'talk.politics.misc', 'talk.religion.misc']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups\n",
    "\n",
    "newsgroups_train = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='train')\n",
    "print(newsgroups_train.target_names)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Loading only some newsgroups:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1741\n",
      "['comp.graphics', 'sci.space', 'talk.politics.mideast']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cats = ['sci.space', 'talk.politics.mideast', 'comp.graphics']\n",
    "newsgroups_train = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='train', categories=cats, remove=('headers', 'footers', 'quotes'), shuffle = False)\n",
    "data = newsgroups_train.data\n",
    "print(len(data))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(newsgroups_train.target_names)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Vectorizing with binary vectorization, ignoring terms that are appears in less than 20 documents, and ignoring stop words:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1741, 1436)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 80,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer, TfidfVectorizer, TfidfTransformer\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "count = CountVectorizer(binary = True, min_df = .05, stop_words='english', ngram_range = (1,1))\n",
    "\n",
    "X = count.fit_transform(data)\n",
    "print(X.shape)\n",
    "count.get_feature_names()[5000:5010]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['comp.graphics', 'sci.space', 'talk.politics.mideast']\n",
      "[2 1 0 ..., 0 2 0]\n",
      "[15  8  7 ..., 13  0  1]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(newsgroups_train.target_names)\n",
    "print(newsgroups_train.target)\n",
    "subset = newsgroups_train.target == 0\n",
    "A = X[subset].sum(0).A1\n",
    "print(A)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Reporting top frequent words per newsgroup:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "comp.graphics: thanks, graphics, know, like, use, does, need, program, don, just, help, image, file, files, looking, hi, ve, using, good, software\n",
      "sci.space: space, like, just, don, know, think, nasa, time, use, earth, people, orbit, long, new, years, make, launch, does, program, moon\n",
      "talk.politics.mideast: people, like, just, israel, israeli, don, know, time, think, jews, did, government, said, world, years, war, say, way, right, does\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Loading vocabulary:\n",
    "vocab = np.array(count.get_feature_names())\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(len(newsgroups_train.target_names)):\n",
    "    #Select only target newsgroup:\n",
    "    target = newsgroups_train.target == i\n",
    "    freq = X[target].sum(0).A1\n",
    "    order = freq.argsort()[::-1]\n",
    "    print(\"%s: %s\" % (newsgroups_train.target_names[i], ', '.join(vocab[order[:20]])))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Verifying Zipf's law:\n",
    "\n",
    "$f_i \\propto i^{-b}$\n",
    "\n",
    "$\\log f_i = K - b\\log i$\n",
    "\n",
    "$f_i = \\exp (K - b\\log i)$"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "K = 3.833671\n",
      "b = 0.000468\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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Y0AZ3XwP0be4gM/uDmW0zs/ciyvLM7GUzW21mL5lZTsR7D5jZGjNbZmbjWlKRf/kX+Pvf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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x1bc49358>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "#Compute frequency\n",
    "freq = np.sort(X.sum(0).A1)[::-1]\n",
    "\n",
    "#Fit a linear regression to estimate K and b\n",
    "reg = LinearRegression()\n",
    "term_numbers = np.arange(1, len(freq) + 1).reshape(-1, 1)\n",
    "reg.fit(term_numbers, np.log(freq))\n",
    "pred = np.exp(reg.predict(term_numbers))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"K = %f\" % reg.intercept_)\n",
    "print(\"b = %f\" % -reg.coef_[0])\n",
    "\n",
    "#Create the plot\n",
    "plt.title(\"Zipf's law\")\n",
    "plt.plot(freq, label = 'TF')\n",
    "plt.plot(pred, label = 'Zipf')\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Term')\n",
    "plt.ylabel('Frequency')\n",
    "plt.xlim(0, len(freq))\n",
    "plt.ylim(0, 200)\n",
    "plt.legend(loc = 'upper right')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Create a scatter plot for different newsgroups\n",
    "\n",
    "Since documents have a higher dimensionality, to make a scatter plot, we need to reduce the dimension to 2D. Therefore, we use LSA (SVD) to reduce the dimension:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Dimension (1741, 3055) -> (1741, 2)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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v7yX6QWlu5O/vamAlSiCbJ9AC/dBMtJyZxK3mG+uv98P9dRvZrN7O0A+NXadOzWF8/H44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\nMW0ElFKqGdNGQCmlmrH/B6o3ebYLAOphAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x4b6fbf60>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "from  sklearn.decomposition import TruncatedSVD\n",
    "\n",
    "#Using TF-IDF vectorization:\n",
    "vect = TfidfVectorizer(binary = True, min_df = 10, stop_words='english')\n",
    "X = vect.fit_transform(data)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Reduce dimension\n",
    "lsa = TruncatedSVD(2)\n",
    "X_2d = lsa.fit_transform(X)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Dimension %s -> %s\" % (X.shape, X_2d.shape))\n",
    "\n",
    "colors = 'bgry'\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(len(newsgroups_train.target_names)):\n",
    "    target = newsgroups_train.target == i\n",
    "    plt.scatter(X_2d[target, 1], X_2d[target, 0], 20, c = colors[i], label = newsgroups_train.target_names[i])\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.title('20 Newsgroups')\n",
    "plt.xlim(-.3, .3)\n",
    "plt.ylim(-.25, .5)\n",
    "plt.legend(loc = 'lower right')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "# Sentiment Analysis using lexicons (word lists)\n",
    "\n",
    "List of terms with positive/negative/neutral sentiment:\n",
    "- AFINN: http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/wiki/AFINN"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from collections import defaultdict\n",
    "\n",
    "#Load from the text data\n",
    "Afinn_data = np.loadtxt('AFINN-111.txt', dtype = bytes, delimiter = '\\t')\n",
    "\n",
    "#Setting default sentiment to zero (neutral):\n",
    "Afinn_sent = defaultdict(lambda: 0)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Creating the dictionary:\n",
    "Afinn_sent.update(dict(zip(Afinn_data[:, 0].astype('str'), Afinn_data[:, 1].astype('i4'))))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "-2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(Afinn_sent['joy'])\n",
    "print(Afinn_sent['anxious'])\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Distribution of scores"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x4b6e5358>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from collections import Counter\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "dist = Afinn_data[:, 1].astype('i4')\n",
    "counter = Counter()\n",
    "counter.update(dist)\n",
    "scores = list(counter.keys())\n",
    "freq = counter.values()\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.bar(scores, freq, align = 'center')\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.title('Afinn Lexicon')\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Score')\n",
    "plt.ylabel(\"Frequency\")\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import re\n",
    "\n",
    "def sentiment(text, verbose = False):\n",
    "    terms = re.findall('\\w\\w+', text.lower())\n",
    "    scores = []\n",
    "    for x in terms:\n",
    "        if Afinn_sent[x] != 0:\n",
    "            scores.append(Afinn_sent[x])\n",
    "            if verbose:\n",
    "                print(\"%s: %d\" % (x, Afinn_sent[x]))\n",
    "\n",
    "    if len(scores) == 0:\n",
    "        return 0\n",
    "    return sum(scores) #/ len(scores)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"Capture1.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "congrats: 2\n",
      "exclusive: 2\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 87,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sentiment(\"Congrats to @KingJames of the @cavs on joining the exclusive 30,000 Career Points Club!\", True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"Capture2.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "fired: -2\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 88,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sentiment(\"A train conductor in Canada was fired over 'racy' railroad photos!\", True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2477\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(Afinn_data))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sentiment Analysis of 20 Newgroup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups\n",
    "\n",
    "newsgroups_train = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='train', remove=('headers', 'footers', 'quotes'))\n",
    "scores = [sentiment(x) for x in newsgroups_train.data]\n",
    "order = np.argsort(scores)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Accounts of Anti-Armenian Human Right Violations in Azerbaijan #008 Part B\n",
      "                 Prelude to Current Events in Nagorno-Karabakh\n",
      "\n",
      "\t\t\t\t(Part B of #008)\n",
      "\n",
      "      +------------------------------------------------------------------+\n",
      "      |                                                                  |\n",
      "      | \"Oh, yes, I just remembered. While they were raping me they      |\n",
      "      |  repeated quite frequently, \"Let the Armenian women have babies  |\n",
      "      |  for us, Muslim babies, let them bear Azerbaijanis for the       |\n",
      "      |  struggle against the Armenians.\" Then they said, \"Those         |\n",
      "      |  Muslims can carry on our holy cause. Heroes!\" They repeated     |\n",
      "      |  it very often.\"                                                 |\n",
      "      |                                                                  |\n",
      "      +------------------------------------------------------------------+\n",
      "\n",
      "...continued from PART A:\n",
      "\n",
      "The six of them left. They left and I had an attack. I realized that the dan-\n",
      "ger was past, and stopped controlling myself. I relaxed for a moment and the \n",
      "physical pain immediately made itself felt. My heart and kidneys hurt. I had \n",
      "an awful kidney attack. I rolled back and forth on top of those Christmas\n",
      "ornaments, howling and howling. I didn't know where I was or how long this \n",
      "went on. When we figured out the time, later it turned out that I howled and \n",
      "was in pain for around an hour. Then all my strength was gone and I burst into\n",
      "tears, I started feeling sorry for myself, and so on and so forth . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "Then someone came into the room. I think I hear someone calling my name. I \n",
      "want to respond and restrain myself, I think that I'm hallucinating. I am \n",
      "silent, and then it continues: it seems that first a man's voice is calling\n",
      "me, then a woman's. Later I found out that Mamma had sent our neighbor, the\n",
      "one whose apartment she was hiding in, Uncle Sabir Kasumov, to our place, \n",
      "telling him, \"I know that they've killed Lyuda. Go there and at least bring \n",
      "her corpse to me so they don't violate her corpse.\" He went and returned empty\n",
      "handed, but Mamma thought he just didn't want to carry the corpse into his \n",
      "apartment. She sent him another time, and then sent his wife, and they were \n",
      "walking through the rooms looking for me, but I didn't answer their calls. \n",
      "There was no light, they had smashed the chandeliers and lamps.\n",
      "\n",
      "They started the pogrom in our apartment around five o'clock, and at 9:30 I \n",
      "went down to the Kasumovs'. I went down the stairs myself. I walked out of the\n",
      "apartment: how long can you wait for your own death, how long can you be \n",
      "cowardly, afraid? Come what will. I walked out and started knocking on the \n",
      "doors one after the next. No one, not on the fifth floor, not on the fourth, \n",
      "opened the door. On the third floor, on the landing of the stairway, Uncle \n",
      "Sabir's son started to shout, \"Aunt Roza, don't cry, Lyuda's alive!\" He \n",
      "knocked on his own door and out came Aunt Tanya, Igor, and after them, Mamma. \n",
      "Aunt Tanya, Uncle Sabir's wife, is an Urdmurt. All of us were in their \n",
      "apartment. I didn't see Karina, but she was in their home, too, Lying\n",
      "delirious, she had a fever. Marina was there too, and my father and mother.\n",
      "All of my family had gathered there.\n",
      "   \n",
      "At the door I lost consciousness. Igor and Aunt Tanya carried me into the\n",
      "apartment.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later I found out what they had done to our Karina. Mamma said, \"Lyuda, \n",
      "Karina's in really serious condition, she's probably dying. If she recognizes \n",
      "you, don't cry, don't tell her that her face looks so awful.\" It was as though\n",
      "her whole face was paralyzed, you know, everything was pushed over to one \n",
      "side, her eye was all swollen, and everything flowed together, her lips, her \n",
      "cheeks . . . It was as though they had dragged her right side around the whole\n",
      "microdistrict, that's how disfigured her face was. I said, \"Fine.\" Mamma was \n",
      "afraid to go into the room, because she went in and hugged Karina and started \n",
      "to cry. I went in. As soon as I saw her my legs gave way. I fell down near the\n",
      "bed, hugged her legs and started kissing them and crying. She opened the eye \n",
      "that was intact, looked at me, and said, \"Who is it?\" But I could barely talk, \n",
      "my whole face was so badly beaten. I didn't say, but rather muttered something\n",
      "tender, something incomprehensible, but tender, \"My Karochka, my Karina, my \n",
      "little golden one . . . \" She understood me.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then Igor brought me some water, I drank it down and moistened Karina's lips. \n",
      "She started to groan. She was saying something to me, but I couldn't \n",
      "understand it. Then I made out, \"It hurts, I hurt all over.\" Her hair was \n",
      "glued down with blood. I stroked her forehead, her head, she had grit on her \n",
      "forehead, and on her lips . . . She was groaning again, and I don't know how \n",
      "to help her. She calls me over with her hand, come closer. I go to her. She's\n",
      "saying something to me, but I can't understand her. Igor brings her a pencil \n",
      "and paper and says, \"Write it down.\" She shakes her head as if to say, no, I \n",
      "can't write. I can't understand what she's saying. She wanted to tell me \n",
      "something, but she couldn't. I say, \"Karina, just lie there a little while,\n",
      "then maybe you'll feel better and you can tell me then.\" And then she says,\n",
      "\"Maybe it'll be too late.\" And I completely . . . just broke down, I couldn't\n",
      "control myself.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then I moistened my hand in the water and wiped her forehead and eye. I dipped\n",
      "a handkerchief into the water and squeezed a little water onto her lips. She \n",
      "says, \"Lyuda, we're not saved yet, we have to go somewhere else. Out of this \n",
      "damned house. They want to kill us, I know. They'll find us here, too. We need\n",
      "to call Urshan.\" She repeated this to me for almost a whole hour, Until I \n",
      "understood her every word. I ask, \"What's his number?\" Urshan Feyruzovich, \n",
      "that's the head of the administration where she works. \"We have to call him.\" \n",
      "But I didn't know his home number. I say, \"Karina, what's his number?\" She \n",
      "says, \"I can't remember.\" I say, \"Who knows his number? Who can I call?\" She \n",
      "says, \"I don't know anything, leave me alone.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "I went out of the room. Igor stayed to watch over her and sat there, he was \n",
      "crying, too. I say, \"Mamma, Karina says that we have to call Urshan. How can \n",
      "we call him? Who knows his telephone number?\" I tell Marina, \"Think, think, \n",
      "who can we call to find out?\" She started calling; several people didn't \n",
      "answer. She called a girlfriend, her girlfriend called another girlfriend and \n",
      "found out the number and called us back. The boss's wife answered and said he \n",
      "was at the dacha. My voice keeps cracking, I can't talk normally. She says, \n",
      "\"Lyuda, don't panic, get a hold of yourself, go out to those hooligans and \n",
      "tell them that they just can't do that.\" She still didn't know what was really\n",
      "going on. I said, \"It's easy for you to say that, you don't understand what's \n",
      "happening. They are killing people here. I don't think there is a single \n",
      "Armenian left in the building, they've cut them all up. I'm even surprised \n",
      "that we managed to save ourselves. \"She says, \"Well, OK, if it's that serious \n",
      ". . . \" And all the same she's thinking that my emotions are all churned up \n",
      "and that I'm fearing for my life, that in fact it's not all that bad. \"OK, \n",
      "fine, fine,\" she says, \"if you're afraid, OK, as soon as Urshan comes back \n",
      "I'll send him over.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "We called again because they had just started robbing the apartment directly \n",
      "under Aunt Tanya's, on the second floor, Asya Dallakian's apartment. She \n",
      "wasn't home, she was staying with her daughter in Karabagh. They destroyed \n",
      "everything there . . . We realized that they still might come back. We kept on\n",
      "trying to get through to Aunt Tanya--Urshan's wife is named Tanya too and \n",
      "finally we get through. She says, \"Yes, he's come home, he's leaving for your \n",
      "place now.\" He came. Of course he didn't know what was happening, either, \n",
      "because he brought two of his daughters with him. He came over in his jeep \n",
      "with his two daughters, like he was going on an outing. He came and saw what \n",
      "shape we were in and what was going on in town and got frightened. He has \n",
      "grown up daughters, they're almost my age.\n",
      "\n",
      "The three of us carried out Karina, tossed a coat on her and a warm scarf, and\n",
      "went down to his car. He took Karina and me to the Maternity Home. . . No, \n",
      "first they took us to the po]ice precinct. They had stretchers ready. As\n",
      "soon as we got out of the car they put Karina and me on stretchers and said\n",
      "that we were in serious condition and that we mustn't move, we might have\n",
      "fractures. From the stretcher I saw about 30 soldiers sitting and lying on the\n",
      "first floor, bandaged, on the concrete floor, groaning . . . This was around\n",
      "eleven o'clock at night. We had left the house somewhere around 1:30. When I \n",
      "saw those soldiers I realized that a war was going on: soldiers, enemies\n",
      ". . . everything just like a war.\n",
      "\n",
      "They carried me into some office on the stretcher. The emergency medical\n",
      "people from Baku were there. The medical attendant there was an older \n",
      "Armenian. Urshan told him what they had done to Karina because she's so proud \n",
      "she would never have told. And this aging Armenian . . . his name was Uncle \n",
      "Arkady, I think, because someone said \"Arkady, get an injection ready,\" he \n",
      "started to fill a syringe, and turned around so as to give Karina a shot. But \n",
      "when he looked at her face he became ill. And he was an old man, in his \n",
      "sixties, his hair was all grey, and his moustache, too. He hugged Karina and \n",
      "started to cry: \"What have they done to you?!\" He was speaking Armenian. \"What\n",
      "have they done to you?!\" Karina didn't say anything. Mamma came in then, and \n",
      "she started to cry, too. The man tried to calm her. \"I'll give you a shot.\" \n",
      "Mamma tells him, \"I don't need any shot. Where is the government? Just what \n",
      "are they doing? Look what they've done to my children! They're killing people,\n",
      "and you're just sitting here!\" Some teacups were standing on the table in \n",
      "there. \"You're sitting here drinking tea! Look what they've done to my \n",
      "daughters! Look what they've turned them into!\" They gave her something to \n",
      "drink, some heart medicine, I think. They gave Karina an injection and the\n",
      "doctor said that she had to be taken to the Maternity Home immediately. Papa \n",
      "and Urshan, I think, even though Papa was in bad shape, helped carry Karina \n",
      "out. When they put her on the stretcher, none of the medics got near her. I \n",
      "don't know, maybe there weren't any orderlies. Then they came to me: \"What's \n",
      "the matter with you?\" Their tone was so official that I wrapped myself tighter\n",
      "in the half-length coat. I had a blanket on, too, an orange one, Aunt Tanya's.\n",
      "I said, \"I'm fine.\" Uncle Arkady came over and was soothing me, and then told \n",
      "the doctor, \"You leave, let a woman examine her.\" A woman came, an \n",
      "Azerbaijani, I believe, and said, \"What's wrong with you?\" I was wearing my \n",
      "sister Lyuda's nightshirt, the sister who at this time was in Yerevan. When \n",
      "she was nursing her infant she had cut out a big hole in it so that it would \n",
      "be easier to breast feed the baby. I tore the night shirt some more and showed\n",
      "her. I took it off my shoulders and turned my back to her. There was a huge \n",
      "wound, about the size of a hand, on my back, from the Indian vase. She said \n",
      "something to them and they gave me two shots. She said that it should be \n",
      "dressed with something, but that they'd do that in the hospital.\n",
      "\n",
      "They put me on a stretcher, too. They started looking for people to carry me. \n",
      "I raised up my head a little and wanted to sit up, and this woman, I don't \n",
      "know if she was a doctor or a nurse, said, \"Lie still, you mustn't move.\" When\n",
      "I was lying back down I saw two policemen leading a man. His profile seemed \n",
      "very familiar to me. I shouted, \"Stop!\" One of the policemen turned and says, \n",
      "\"What do you want?\" I say, \"Bring him to me, I want to look at him.\" They \n",
      "brought him over and I said, \"That person was just in our apartment and he \n",
      "just raped me and my sister. I recognize him, note it down.\" They said, \n",
      "\"Fine,\" but didn't write it down and led him on. I don't know where they were \n",
      "taking him.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then they put my stretcher near where the injured and beaten soldiers were \n",
      "sitting. They went to look for the ambulance driver so he would bring the car \n",
      "up closer. One of the soldiers started talking to me, \"Sister . . . \" I don't \n",
      "remember the conversation exactly, but he asked me were we lived and what they\n",
      "did to us. I asked him, \"Where are you from?\" He said that he was from Ufa. \n",
      "Apparently they were the first that were brought in. The Ufa police. Later I \n",
      "learned that they suffered most of all. He says, \"OK, you're Armenians, they \n",
      "didn't get along with you, but I'm a Russian,\" he says, \"what are they trying \n",
      "to kill me for?\" Oh, I remembered something else. When I went out onto the \n",
      "balcony with Kuliyev for a hammer and nails I looked out the window and saw \n",
      "two Azerbaijanis beating a soldier near the kindergarten. He was pressed \n",
      "against the fence and he covered his head with his arms, they were beating him\n",
      "with his own club. The way he cried \"Mamma\" made my skin crawl. I don't know \n",
      "what they did to him, if he's still alive or not. And something else. Before \n",
      "he attack on our house we saw sheets, clothes, and some dishes flying from the\n",
      "third or fourth floor of the neighboring building, but I didn't think it was \n",
      "Azerbaijanis attacking Armenians. I thought that something was on fire or they\n",
      "were throwing something they didn't need out, or someone was fighting with \n",
      "someone. It was only later, when they were burning a passenger car in the \n",
      "yard, when the neighbors said that they were doing that to the Armenians, that\n",
      "I realized that this was serious, that it was anti-Armenian.\n",
      "\n",
      "They took Karina and me to the Sumgait Maternity Home. Mamma went to them too \n",
      "and said, \"I've been beaten too, help me.\" But they just ignored her. My \n",
      "father went to them and said in a guilty voice, as though it was his fault \n",
      "that he'd been beaten, and says, \"My ribs hurt so much, those creeps have \n",
      "probably broken my ribs. Please look at them.\" The doctor says, \"That's not my\n",
      "job.\" Urshan said, \"Fine, I'll take you to my place and if we need a doctor, \n",
      "I'll find you one. I'll bring one and have him look at you. And he drove them \n",
      "to his apartment.\n",
      "\n",
      "Marina and I stayed there. They examined us. I was more struck by what the \n",
      "doctor said than by what those Azerbaijanis in our apartment did to us. I \n",
      "wasn't surprised when they beat us they wanted to beat us, but I was very\n",
      "surprised that in a Soviet medical facility a woman who had taken the\n",
      "Hippocratic Oath could talk to victims like that. By happy--or unhappy--\n",
      "coincidence we were seen by the doctor that had delivered our Karina. And she,\n",
      "having examined Karina, said, \"No problem, you got off pretty good. Not like \n",
      "they did in Kafan, when you Armenians were killing and raping our women.\n",
      "\"Karina was in such terrible condition that she couldn't say anything--she\n",
      "would certainly have had something to say! Then they examined me. The same \n",
      "story. They put us in a separate ward. No shots, no medicinal powders, no \n",
      "drugs. Absolutely none! They didn't even give us tea. All the women there soon\n",
      "found out that in ward such and such were Armenians who had been raped. And\n",
      "they started coming and peering through the keyhole, the way people look at \n",
      "zoo animals. Karina didn't see this, she was lying there, and I kept her from \n",
      "seeing it.\n",
      "\n",
      "They put Ira B. in our ward. She had also been raped. True, she didn't have \n",
      "any serious bodily injuries, but when she told me what had happened at their \n",
      "place, I felt worse for them than I did for us. Because when they raped Ira \n",
      "her daughter was in the room, she was under the bed on which it happened. And\n",
      "Ira was holding her daughter's hand, the one who was hiding under the bed.\n",
      "When they were beating Ira or taking her earrings off, gold, when she \n",
      "involuntarily let go of her daughter's hand, her daughter took her hand again.\n",
      "Her daughter is in the fourth grade, she's 11 years old. I felt really awful \n",
      "when I heard that. Ira asked them not to harm her daughter, she said, \"Do what\n",
      "you want with me, just leave my daughter alone.\" Well, they did what they \n",
      "wanted. They threatened to kill her daughter if she got in their way. Now I \n",
      "would be surprised if the criminals had behaved any other way that night. It \n",
      "was simply Bartholomew's Night, I say, they did what they would love to do \n",
      "every day: steal, kill, rape . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "Many are surprised that those animals didn't harm the children. The beasts \n",
      "explained it like this: this would be repeated in 15 to 20 years, and those \n",
      "children would be grown, and then, as they put it, \"we'll come take the \n",
      "pleasure out of their lives, those children.\" This was about the girls that\n",
      "would be young women in 15 years. They were thinking about their tomorrow \n",
      "because they were sure that there would be no trial and no investigation, just\n",
      "as there was no trial or investigation in 1915, and that those girls could be \n",
      "of some use in 15 years. This I heard from the investigators; one of the \n",
      "victims testified to it. That's how they described their own natures, that\n",
      "they would still be bloodthirsty in 15 to 20 years, and in 100 years--they\n",
      "themselves said that.\n",
      "\n",
      "And this, too. Everyone is surprised that they didn't harm our Marina. Many \n",
      "people say that they either were drunk or had smoked too much. I don't know \n",
      "why their eyes were red. Maybe because they hadn't slept the night before, \n",
      "maybe for some other reason, I don't know. But they hadn't been smoking and \n",
      "they weren't drunk, I'm positive, because someone who has smoked will stop at \n",
      "nothing he has the urge to do. And they spoke in a cultured fashion with \n",
      "Marina: \"Little sister, don't be afraid, we won't harm you, don't look over \n",
      "there [where I was], you might be frightened. You're a Muslim, a Muslim woman \n",
      "shouldn't see such things.\" So they were really quite sober . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "So we came out of that story alive. Each every day we have lived since it all \n",
      "happened bears the mark of that day. It wasn't even a day, of those several \n",
      "hours. Father still can't look us in the eyes. He still feels guilty for what\n",
      "happened to Karina, Mother, and me. Because of his nerves he's started talk-\n",
      "ing to himself, I've heard him argue with himself several times when he\n",
      "thought no one is listening: \"Listen,\" he'll say, \"what could I do? What could\n",
      "I do alone, how could I protect them?\" I don't know where to find the words,\n",
      "it's not that I'm happy, but I am glad that he didn't see it all happen. \n",
      "That's the only thing they spared us . . . or maybe it happened by chance. Of \n",
      "course he knows it all, but there's no way you could imagine every last detail\n",
      "of what happened. And there were so many conversations: Karina and I spoke\n",
      "together in private, and we talked with Mamma, too. But Father was never\n",
      "present at those conversations. We spare him that, if you can say that. And\n",
      "when the investigator comes to the house, we don't speak with Father present.\n",
      "\n",
      "On February 29, the next clay, Karina and I were discharged from the hospital.\n",
      "First they released me, but since martial law had been declared in the city, \n",
      "the soldiers took me to the police precinct in an armored personnel carrier. \n",
      "There were many people there, Armenian victims. I met the Tovmasian family \n",
      "there. From them I learned that Rafik and their Uncle Grant had died. They \n",
      "were sure that both had died. They were talking to me and Raya, Rafik's wife \n",
      "and Grant's daughter, and her mother, were both crying.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then they took us all out of the office on the first floor into the yard.\n",
      "There's a little one-room house outside there, a recreation and reading area.\n",
      "They took us in there. The women were afraid to go because they thought\n",
      "that they were shooing us out of the police precinct because it had become\n",
      "so dangerous that even the people working at the precinct wanted to hide.\n",
      "The women were shouting. They explained to them: \"We want to hide you\n",
      "better because it's possible there will be an attack on the police precinct.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "We went into the little house. There were no chairs or tables in there. We\n",
      "had children with us and they were hungry; we even had infants who needed to \n",
      "have their diapers changed. No one had anything with them. It was just awful. \n",
      "They kept us there for 24 hours. From the window of the one room house you \n",
      "could see that there were Azerbaijanis standing on the fences around the \n",
      "police precinct, as though they were spying on us. The police precinct is \n",
      "surrounded by a wall, like a fence, and it's electrified, but if they were \n",
      "standing on the wall, it means the electricity was shut off. This brought \n",
      "great psychological pressure to bear on us, particularly on those who hadn't \n",
      "just walked out of their apartments, but who hadn't slept for 24 hours, or 48,\n",
      "or those who had suffered physically and spiritually, the ones who had lost \n",
      "family members. For us it was another ordeal. We were especially frightened \n",
      "when all the precinct employees suddenly disappeared. We couldn't see a single\n",
      "person, not in the courtyard and not in the windows. We thought that they must\n",
      "have already been hiding under the building, that they must have some secret \n",
      "room down there. People were panicking: they started throwing themselves at\n",
      "one another . . . That's the way it is on a sinking ship. We heard those \n",
      "people, mainly young people, whistling and whopping on the walls. We felt that\n",
      "the end was approaching. I was completely terrified: I had left Karina in the \n",
      "hospital and didn't know where my parents were. I was sort of calm about my \n",
      "parents, I was thinking only about Karina, if, Heaven forbid, they should \n",
      "attack the hospital, they would immediately tell them that there was an \n",
      "Armenian in there, and something terrible would happen to Karina again, and \n",
      "she wouldn't be able to take it.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then soldiers with dogs appeared. When they saw the dogs some of the people \n",
      "climbed down off the fence. Then they brought in about another 30 soldiers.\n",
      "They all had machine guns in readiness, their fingers on the triggers. We \n",
      "calmed down a little. They brought us chairs and brought the children some \n",
      "little cots and showed us where we could wash our hands, and took the children\n",
      "to the toilet. But we all sat there hungry, but to be honest, it would never \n",
      "have occurred to any of us that we hadn't eaten for two days and that people \n",
      "do eat.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then, closer to nightfall, they brought a group of detained criminals. They \n",
      "were being watched by soldiers with guard dogs. One of the men came back from \n",
      "the courtyard and told us about it. Raya Tovmasian . . . it was like a \n",
      "different woman had been substituted. Earlier she had been crying, wailing, \n",
      "and calling out: \"Oh, Rafik!,\" but when she heard about this such a rage came \n",
      "over her! She jumped up, she had a coat on, and she started to roll up her \n",
      "sleeves like she was getting ready to beat someone. And suddenly there were \n",
      "soldiers, and dogs, and lots of people. She ran over to them. The bandits were\n",
      "standing there with their hands above their heads facing the wall. She went up\n",
      "to one of them and grabbed him by the collar and started to shake and thrash \n",
      "him! Then, on to a second, and a third. Everyone was rooted to the spot. Not \n",
      "one of the soldiers moved, no one went up to help or made her stop her from \n",
      "doing it. And the bandits fell down and covered their heads with their hands, \n",
      "muttering something. She came back and sat down, and something akin to a smile\n",
      "appeared on her face. She became so quiet: no tears, no cries. Then that round\n",
      "was over and she went back to beat them again. She was walking and cursing \n",
      "terribly: take that, and that, they killed my husband, the bastards, the \n",
      "creeps, and so on. Then she came back again and sat down. She probably did \n",
      "this the whole night through, well, it wasn't really night, no one slept. She \n",
      "went five or six times and beat them and returned. And she told the women, \n",
      "\"What are you sitting there for? They killed your husbands and children, they \n",
      "raped, and you're just sitting there. You're sitting and talking as though \n",
      "nothing had happened. Aren't you Armenians?\" She appealed to everyone, but no \n",
      "one got up. I was just numb, I didn't have the strength to beat anyone, I \n",
      "could barely hold myself up, all the more so since I had been standing for so \n",
      "many hours--I was released at eleven o'clock in the morning and it was already\n",
      "after ten at night because there weren't enough chairs, really it was the \n",
      "elderly and women with children who sat. I was on my feet the whole time. \n",
      "There was nothing to breathe, the door was closed, and the men were smoking. \n",
      "The situation was deplorable.\n",
      "\n",
      "At eleven o'clock at night policemen came for us, local policemen, \n",
      "Azerbaijanis. They said, \"Get up. They've brought mattresses, you can wash up\n",
      "and put the children to bed.\" Now the women didn't want to leave this place, \n",
      "either. The place had become like home, it was safe, there were soldiers with \n",
      "dogs. If anyone went outside, the soldiers would say, \"Oh, it's our little \n",
      "family,\" and things like that. The soldiers felt this love, and probably, for \n",
      "the first time in their lives perceived themselves as defenders. Everyone\n",
      "spoke from the heart, cried, and hugged them and they, with their loaded\n",
      "machine guns in their hands, said, \"Grandmother, you mustn't approach me,\n",
      "I'm on guard.\" Our people would say, \"Oh, that's all right.\" They hugged\n",
      "them, one woman even kissed one of the machine guns. This was all terribly\n",
      "moving for me. And the small children kept wanting to pet the dogs.\n",
      "\n",
      "They took us up to the second floor and said, \"You can undress and sleep in \n",
      "here. Don't be afraid, the precinct is on guard, and it's quiet in the city.\"\n",
      "This was the 29th, when the killing was going on in block 41A and in other\n",
      "places. Then we were told that all the Armenians were being gathered at the\n",
      "SK club and at the City Party Committee. They took us there. On the way I \n",
      "asked them to stop at the Maternity Home: I wanted to take Karina with me.\n",
      "I didn't know what was happening there. They told me, \"Don't worry, the\n",
      "Maternity Home is full of soldiers, more than mothers-to-be. So you can rest\n",
      "assured. I say, \"Well, I won't rest assured regardless, because the staff in\n",
      "there is capable of anything.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "When I arrived at the City Party Committee it turned out that Karina had\n",
      "already been brought there. They had seen fit to release her from the hospi-\n",
      "tal, deciding that she felt fine and was no longer in need of any care. Once\n",
      "we were in the City Party Committee we gave free reign to our tears. We met \n",
      "acquaintances, but everyone was somehow divided into two groups, those who \n",
      "hadn't been injured, who were clothed, who had brought a pot of food with \n",
      "them, and so on, and those, like me, like Raya, who were wearing whatever had \n",
      "come their way. There were even people who were all made up, dolled up like \n",
      "they had come from a wedding. There were people without shoes, naked people, \n",
      "hungry people, those who were crying, and those who had lost someone. And of \n",
      "course the stories and the talk were flying: \"Oh, I heard that they killed \n",
      "him!\" \"What do you mean they killed him!\" \"He stayed at work!\" \"Do you know \n",
      "what's happening at this and such a plant? Talk like that.\n",
      "\n",
      "And then I met Aleksandr Mikhailovich Gukasian, the teacher. I know him very \n",
      "well and respect him highly. I've known him for a long time. They had a small \n",
      "room, well really it was more like a study-room. We spent a whole night \n",
      "talking in that study once. On March 1 we heard that Bagirov [First Secretary \n",
      "of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan SSR] had arrived. Everyone ran to see \n",
      "Bagirov, what news he had brought with him and how this was all being viewed \n",
      "from outside. He arrived and everyone went up to him to talk to him and ask \n",
      "him things. Everyone was in a tremendous rage. But he was protected by \n",
      "soldiers, and he went up to the second floor and didn't deign to speak with \n",
      "the people. Apparently he had more important things to do.\n",
      "\n",
      "Several hours passed. Gukasian called me and says, \"Lyudochka, find another \n",
      "two or three. We're going to make up lists, they asked for them upstairs, \n",
      "lists of the dead, those whose whereabouts are unknown, and lists of people \n",
      "who had pogroms of their apartments and of those whose cars were burned.\" I \n",
      "had about 50 people in my list when they called me and said, \"Lyuda, your \n",
      "Mamma has arrived, she's looking for you, she doesn't believe that you are \n",
      "alive and well and that you're here.\" I gave the lists to someone and asked \n",
      "them to continue what I was doing and went off.\n",
      "\n",
      "The list was imprecise, of course. It included Grant Adamian, Raya Tovmasian's\n",
      "father, who was alive, but at the time they thought him dead. There was Engels\n",
      "Grigorian's father and aunt, Cherkez and Maria. The list also included the \n",
      "name of my girlfriend and neighbor, Zhanna Agabekian. One of the guys said \n",
      "that he had been told that they chopped her head off in the courtyard in front\n",
      "of the Kosmos movie theater. We put her on the list too, and cried, but later \n",
      "it turned out that that was just a rumor, that in fact an hour earlier she had\n",
      "somehow left Sumgait for the marina and from there had set sail for \n",
      "Krasnovodsk, where, thank God, she was alive and well. I should also say that \n",
      "in addition to those who died that list contained people who were rumored \n",
      "missing or who were so badly wounded that they were given up for dead.                                                                 3\n",
      "\n",
      "All the lists were taken to Bagirov. I don't remember how many dead were \n",
      "contained in the list, but it's a fact that when Gukasian came in a couple \n",
      "of minutes later he was cursing and was terribly irate. I asked, \"What's \n",
      "going on?\" He said, \"Lyuda, can you imagine what animals, what scoundrels\n",
      "they are! They say that they lost the list of the dead. Piotr Demichev\n",
      "[Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party\n",
      "of the USSR] has just arrived, and we were supposed to submit the list to\n",
      "him, so that he'd see the scope of the slaughter, of the tragedy, whether it\n",
      "was one or fifty.\" They told him that the list had disappeared and they\n",
      "should ask everyone who hadn't left for the Khimik boarding house all over\n",
      "again. There were 26 people on our second list. I think that the number 26\n",
      "was the one that got into the press and onto television and the radio, because\n",
      "that's the list that Demichev got. I remember exactly that there were 26 \n",
      "people on the list, I had even told Aleksandr Mikhailovich that that was only \n",
      "a half of those that were on the first list. He said, \"Lyuda, please, try to\n",
      "remember at least one more.\" But I couldn't remember anyone else. But there\n",
      "were more than 30 dead. Of that I am certain. The government and the Procuracy\n",
      "don't count the people who died of fright, like sick people and old people \n",
      "whose lives are threatened by any shock. They weren't registered as victims of\n",
      "the Sumgait tragedy. And then there may be people we didn't know. So many \n",
      "people left Sumgait between March 1 and 8! Most of them left for smaller towns\n",
      "in Russia, and especially to the Northern Caucasus, to Stavropol, and the \n",
      "Krasnodarsk Territory. We don't have any information on them. I know that \n",
      "there are people who set out for parts around Moscow. In the periodical \n",
      "Krestyanka [Woman Farmer] there was a call for people who know how to milk \n",
      "cows, and for mechanics, and drivers, and I know a whole group of people went \n",
      "to help out. Also clearly not on our list are those people who died entering\n",
      "the city, who were burned in their cars. No one knows about them, except the \n",
      "Azerbaijanis, who are hardly likely to say anything about it. And there's\n",
      "more. A great many of the people who were raped were not included in the list \n",
      "drawn up at the Procuracy. I know of three instances for sure, and I of course\n",
      "don't know them all. I'm thinking of three women whose parents chose not to \n",
      "publicize what had happened, that is, they didn't take the matter to court, \n",
      "they simply left. But in so doing they didn't cease being victims. One of them\n",
      "is the first cousin of my classmate Kocharian. She lived in Microdistrict No. \n",
      "8, on the fifth floor. I can't tell you the building number and I don't know \n",
      "her name. Then comes the neighbor of one of my relatives, she lived in \n",
      "Microdistrict 1 near the gift shop. I don't know her name, she lives on the \n",
      "same landing as the Sumgait procurator. They beat her father, he was holding \n",
      "the door while his daughter hid, but he couldn't hold the door forever, and \n",
      "when she climbed over the balcony to the neighbors' they seized her by her \n",
      "braid. Like the Azerbaijanis were saying, it was a very cultured mob, because \n",
      "they didn't kill anyone, they only raped them and left. And the third one \n",
      ". . . I don't remember who the third one was anymore.\n",
      "\n",
      "They transferred us on March 1. Karina still wasn't herself. Yes, we lived for\n",
      "days in the SK, in the cultural facility, and at the Khimik. They lived there \n",
      "and I lived at the City Party Committee because I couldn't stay with Karina; \n",
      "it was too difficult for me, but I was at peace: she had survived. I could \n",
      "already walk, but really it was honest words that held me up. Thanks to the \n",
      "social work I did there, I managed to persevere. Aleksandr Mikhailovich said, \n",
      "\"If it weren't for the work I would go insane.\" He and I put ourselves in gear\n",
      "and took everything upon ourselves: someone had an infant and needed diapers \n",
      "and free food, and we went to get them. The first days we bought everything, \n",
      "although we should have received it for free. They were supposed to have been \n",
      "dispensed free of charge, and they sold it to us. Then, when we found out it \n",
      "was free, we went to Krayev. At the time, fortunately, you could still drop by\n",
      "to see him like a neighbor, all the more so since everything was still clearly\n",
      "visible on our faces. Krayev sent a captain down and he resolved the issue.\n",
      "\n",
      "On March 2 they sent two investigators to see us: Andrei Shirokov and Vladimir\n",
      "Fedorovich Bibishev. The way it worked out, in our family they had considered \n",
      "only Karina and me victims, maybe because she and I wound up in the hospital.\n",
      "Mother and Father are considered witnesses, but not victims.\n",
      "\n",
      "Shirokov was involved with Karina's case, and Bibishev, with mine. After I \n",
      "told him everything, he and I planned to sit down with the identikit and\n",
      "record everyone I could remember while everything was still fresh in my mind. \n",
      "We didn't work with the identikit until the very last day because the\n",
      "conditions weren't there. The investigative group worked slowly and did poor \n",
      "quality work solely because the situation wasn't conducive to working: there \n",
      "weren't enough automobiles, especially during the time when there was a \n",
      "curfew, and there were no typewriters for typing transcripts, and no still or \n",
      "video cameras. I think that this was done on purpose. We're not so poor that \n",
      "we can't supply our investigators with all that stuff. It was done especially \n",
      "to draw out the investigation, all the more so since the local authorities saw\n",
      "that the Armenians were leaving at the speed of light, never to return to \n",
      "Sumgait. And the Armenians had a lot to say I came to an agreement with \n",
      "Bibishev, I told him myself, \"Don't you worry, if it takes us a month or two \n",
      "months, I'll be here. I'm not afraid, I looked death in the eyes five times in\n",
      "those two days, I'll help you conduct the investigation.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "He and I worked together a great deal, and I used this to shelter Karina, I\n",
      "gave them so much to do that for a while they didn't have the time to get to\n",
      "her, so that she would at least have a week or two to get back to being her-\n",
      "self. She was having difficulty breathing so we looked for a doctor to take x-\n",
      "rays. She couldn't eat or drink for nine days, she was nauseous. I didn't eat\n",
      "and drank virtually nothing for five days. Then, on the fifth day, when we\n",
      "were in Baku already, the investigator told me, \"How long can you go on like \n",
      "this? Well fine, so you don't want to eat, you don't love yourself, you're\n",
      "not taking care of yourself, but you gave your word that you would see this\n",
      "investigation through. We need you.\" Then I started eating, because in fact I\n",
      "was exhausted. It wasn't enough that I kept seeing those faces in our apart-\n",
      "ment in my mind, every day I went to the investigative solitary confinement\n",
      "cells and prisons. I don't know . . . we were just everywhere! Probably in\n",
      "every prison in the city of Baku and in all the solitary confinement cells of\n",
      "Sumgait. At that time they had even turned the drunk tank into solitary \n",
      "confinement.\n",
      "\n",
      "Thus far I have identified 31 of the people who were in our apartment. Mamma \n",
      "identified three, and Karina, two. The total is 36. Marina didn't identify \n",
      "anyone, she remembers the faces of two or three, But they weren't among the \n",
      "photographs of those detained. I told of the neighbor I recognized. The one \n",
      "who went after the axe. He still hasn't been detained, he's still on the \n",
      "loose. He's gone, and it's not clear if he will be found or not. I don't know \n",
      "his first or last name. I know which building he lived in and I know his \n",
      "sisters' faces. But he's not in the city. The investigators informed me that \n",
      "even if the investigation is closed and even if the trial is over they will \n",
      "continue looking for him.\n",
      "\n",
      "The 31 people I identified are largely blue-collar workers from various \n",
      "plants, without education, and of the very lowest level in every respect.\n",
      "Mostly their ages range from 20 to 30 years; there was one who was 48. Only\n",
      "one of them was a student. He was attending the Azerbaijan Petroleum and\n",
      "Chemical Institute in Sumgait, his mother kept trying to bribe the investiga-\n",
      "tor. Once, thinking that I was an employee and not a victim, she said in front\n",
      "of me \"I'll set you up a restaurant worth 500 rubles and give you 600 in cash\n",
      "simply for keeping him out of Armenia,\" that is, to keep him from landing in\n",
      "a prison on Armenian soil. They're all terribly afraid of that, because if the\n",
      "investigator is talking with a criminal and the criminal doesn't confess even\n",
      "though we identified him, they tell him--in order to apply psychological\n",
      "pressure--they say, \"Fine, don't confess, just keep silent. When you're in an\n",
      "Armenian prison, when they find out who you are, they'll take care of you\n",
      "in short order.\" That somehow gets to them. Many give in and start to talk.\n",
      "\n",
      "The investigators and I were in our apartment and videotaped the entire\n",
      "pogrom of our apartment, as an investigative experiment. It was only then\n",
      "that I saw the way they had left our apartment. Even without knowing who was \n",
      "in our apartment, you could guess. They stole, for example, all the money and \n",
      "all the valuables, but didn't take a single book. They tore them up, burned \n",
      "them, poured water on them, and hacked them with axes. Only the Materials\n",
      "from the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and James \n",
      "Fenimore Cooper's Last of the Mohigans. Oh yes, lunch was ready, we were \n",
      "boiling a chicken, and there were lemons for tea on the table. After they had \n",
      "been in our apartment, both the chicken and the lemons were gone. That's \n",
      "enough to tell you what kind of people were in our apartment, people who don't\n",
      "even know anything about books. They didn't take a single book, but they did \n",
      "take worn clothing, food, and even the cheapest of the cheap, worn-out \n",
      "slippers.\n",
      "\n",
      "Of those whom I identified, four were Kafan Azerbaijanis living in Sumgait. \n",
      "Basically, the group that went seeking \"revenge\"--let's use their word for \n",
      "it--was joined by people seeking easy gain and thrill-seekers. I talked with \n",
      "one of them. He had gray eyes, and somehow against the back-drop of all that \n",
      "black I remembered him specifically because of his of his eyes. Besides taking\n",
      "part in the pogrom of our apartment, he was also involved in the murder of \n",
      "Tamara Mekhtiyeva from Building 16. She was an older Armenian who had recently\n",
      "arrived from Georgia, she lived alone and did not have anyone in Sumgait. I \n",
      "don't know why she had a last name like that, maybe she was married to an \n",
      "Azerbaijani. I had laid eyes on this woman only once or twice, and know \n",
      "nothing about her. I do know that they murdered her in her apartment with an \n",
      "axe. Murdering her wasn't enough for them. They hacked her into pieces and \n",
      "threw them into the tub with water.\n",
      "\n",
      "I remember another guy really well too, he was also rather fair-skinned. You \n",
      "know, all the people who were in our apartment were darker than dark, both \n",
      "their hair and their skin. And in contrast with them, in addition to the grey-\n",
      "eyed one, I remember this one fellow, the one l took to be a Lezgin. I \n",
      "identified him. As it turned out he was Eduard Robertovich Grigorian, born\n",
      "in the city of Sumgait, and he had been convicted twice. One of our own. How \n",
      "did I remember him? The name Rita was tattooed on his left or right hand. I \n",
      "kept thinking, is that Rita or \"puma,\" which it would be if you read the word \n",
      "as Latin characters instead of Cyrillic, because the Cyrillic \"T\" was the one \n",
      "that looks like a Latin \"M.\" When they led him in he sat with his hands behind\n",
      "his back. This was at the confrontation. He swore on every holy book, tried to\n",
      "put in an Armenian word here and there to try and spark my compassion, and \n",
      "told me that I was making a mistake, and called me \"dear sister.\" He said, \n",
      "\"You're wrong, how could I, an Armenian, raise my hand against my own, an \n",
      "Armenian,\" and so on. He spoke so convincingly that even the investigator \n",
      "asked me, \"Lyuda, are you sure it was he?\" I told him, \"I'll tell you one more\n",
      "identifying mark. If I'm wrong I shall apologize and say I was mistaken. The \n",
      "name Rita is tattooed on his left or right hand.\" He went rigid and became \n",
      "pale. They told him, \"Put your hands on the table.\" He put his hands on the\n",
      "table with the palms up. I said, \"Now turn your hands over,\" but he didn't \n",
      "turn his hands over. Now this infuriated me. If he had from the very start\n",
      "acknowledged his guilt and said that he hadn't wanted to do it, that they \n",
      "forced him or something else, I would have treated him somewhat differently.\n",
      "But he insolently stuck to his story, \"No, I did not do anything, it wasn't \n",
      "me.\" When they turned his hands over the name Rita was in fact tattooed on his\n",
      "hand. His face distorted and he whispered something wicked. I immediately flew\n",
      "into a rage. There was an ashtray on the table, a really heavy one, made out \n",
      "of granite or something, very large, and it had ashes and butts in it. \n",
      "Catching myself quite by surprise, I hurled that ashtray at him. But he ducked\n",
      "and the ashtray hit the wall, and ashes and butts rained down on his head and \n",
      "back. And he smiled. When he smiled it provoked me further. I don't know how, \n",
      "but I jumped over the table between us and started either pounding him or \n",
      "strangling him; I no longer remember which. When I jumped I caught the \n",
      "microphone cord. The investigator was there, Tolya . . .I no longer recall his\n",
      "last name, and he says, \"Lyudochka, it's a Japanese microphone! Please . . .\n",
      "\" And shut off all the equipment on the spot, it was all being video taped. \n",
      "They took him away. I stayed, and they talked to me a little to calm me down, \n",
      "because we needed to go on working, I only remember Tolya telling me, \"You're \n",
      "some actress! What a performance!\" I said, \"Tolya, honestly . . . \" Beforehand\n",
      "they would always tell me, \"Lyuda, more emotion. You speak as calmly as if \n",
      "nothing had happened to you.\" I say, \"I don't have any more strength or \n",
      "emotion. All my emotions are behind me now, I no longer have the strength \n",
      ". . . I don't have the strength to do anything.\" And he says, \"Lyuda, how were\n",
      "you able to do that?\" And when I returned to normal, drinking tea and watching\n",
      "the tape, I said, \"Can I really have jumped over that table? I never jumped \n",
      "that high in gym class.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "So you could say the gang that took over our apartment was international. Of \n",
      "the 36 we identified there was an Armenian, a Russian, Vadim Vorobyev, who \n",
      "beat Mamma, and 34 Azerbaijanis.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the second meeting with Grigorian, when he had completely confessed his \n",
      "guilt, he told of how on February 27 the Azerbaijanis had come knocking. Among\n",
      "them were guys--if you can call them guys--he knew from prison. They said, \n",
      "\"Tomorrow we're going after the Armenians. Meet us at the bus station at three\n",
      "o'clock.\" He said, \"No, I'm not coming.\" They told him, \"If you don't come \n",
      "we'll kill you.\" He said, \"Alright, I'll come.\" And he went.\n",
      "\n",
      "They also went to visit my classmate from our microdistrict, Kamo Pogosian. He\n",
      "had also been in prison; I think that together they had either stolen a \n",
      "motorcycle or dismantled one to get some parts they needed. They called him \n",
      "out of his apartment and told him the same thing: \"Tomorrow we're going to get\n",
      "the Armenians. Be there.\" He said, \"No.\" They pulled a knife on him. He said, \n",
      "\"I'm not going all the same.\" And in the courtyard on the 27th they stabbed \n",
      "him several times, in the stomach. He was taken to the hospital. I know he was\n",
      "in the hospital in Baku, in the Republic hospital. If we had known about that \n",
      "we would have had some idea of what was to come on the 28th.\n",
      "\n",
      "I'll return to Grigorian, what he did in our apartment. I remember that he\n",
      "beat me along with all the rest. He spoke Azerbaijani extremely well. But he\n",
      "was very fair-skinned, maybe that led me to think that they had it out for\n",
      "him, too. But later it was proved that he took part in the beating and burning\n",
      "of Shagen Sargisian. I don't know if he participated in the rapes in our \n",
      "apartment; I didn't see, I don't remember. But the people who were in our \n",
      "apartment who didn't yet know that he was an Armenian said that he did. I \n",
      "don't know if he confessed or not, and I myself don't recall because I blacked\n",
      "out very often. But I think that he didn't participate in the rape of Karina\n",
      "because he was in the apartment the whole time. When they carried her into the\n",
      "courtyard, he remained in the apartment.\n",
      "\n",
      "At one point I was talking with an acquaintance about Edik Grigorian. From her\n",
      "I learned that his wife was a dressmaker, his mother is Russian, he doesn't \n",
      "have a father, and that he's been convicted twice. Well this will be his third\n",
      "and, I hope, last sentence. He beat his wife, she was eternally coming to work\n",
      "with bruises. His wife was an Armenian by the name of Rita.\n",
      "\n",
      "The others who were detained . . . well they're little beasts. You really can't\n",
      "call them beasts, they're just little beasts. They were robots carrying out\n",
      "someone else's will, because at the investigation they all said, \"I don't \n",
      "understand how I could have done that, I was out of my head.\" But we know that\n",
      "they were won around to it and prepared for it, that's why they did it. In the\n",
      "name of Allah, in the name of the Koran, in the name of propagating Islam--\n",
      "that's holy to them--that's why they did everything they were commanded to do.\n",
      "Because I saw they didn't have minds of their own, I'm not talking about their\n",
      "level of cultural sophistication or any higher values. No education, they\n",
      "work, have a slew of children without the means to raise them properly, they \n",
      "crowd them in, like at the temporary housing, and apparently, they were \n",
      "promised that if they slaughtered the Armenians they would receive apartments.\n",
      "So off they went. Many of them explained their participation saying, \"they \n",
      "promised us apartments.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Among them was one who genuinely repented. I am sure that he repented from the\n",
      "heart and that he just despised himself after the incident. He worked at a \n",
      "children's home, an Azerbaijani, he has two children, and his wife works at \n",
      "the children's home too. Everything that they acquired, everything that they \n",
      "have they earned by their own labor, and wasn't inherited from parents or \n",
      "grandparents. And he said, \"I didn't need anything I just don't know . . . how\n",
      "I ended up in that; it was like some hand was guiding me. I had no will of my \n",
      "own, I had no strength, no masculine dignity, nothing.\" And the whole time I\n",
      "kept repeating, \"Now you imagine that someone did the same to your young wife \n",
      "right before your own eyes.\" He sat there and just wailed.\n",
      "\n",
      "But that leader in the Eskimo dogskin coat was not detained. He performed a \n",
      "marvelous disappearing act, but I think that they'll get onto him, they just \n",
      "have to work a little, because that Vadim, that boy, according to his\n",
      "grandfather, is in touch with the young person who taught him what to do, how \n",
      "to cover his tracks. He was constantly exchanging jackets with other boys he \n",
      "knew and those he didn't, either, and other things as well, and changed \n",
      "himself like a chameleon so they wouldn't get onto him, but he was detained.\n",
      "\n",
      "That one in the Eskimo dogskin coat was at the Gambarians' after Aleksandr \n",
      "Gambarian was murdered. He came in and said, \"Let's go, enough, you've spilled\n",
      "enough blood here.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Maybe Karina doesn't know this but the reason they didn't finish her off was \n",
      "that they were hoping to take her home with them. I heard this from Aunt Tanya\n",
      "and her sons, the Kasumovs, who were in the courtyard near the entryway. They \n",
      "liked her very much, and they had decided to take her to home with them. When \n",
      "Karina came to at one point--she doesn't remember this yet, this the neighbors \n",
      "old me--and she saw that there was no one around her, she started crawling to \n",
      "the entryway. They saw that she was still alive and came back, they were \n",
      "already at the third entryway, on their way to the Gambarians'. They came back\n",
      "and started beating her to finish her. If she had not come to she would have \n",
      "sustained lesser bodily injuries, they would have beat her less. An older \n",
      "woman from our building, Aunt Nazan, an Azerbaijani, all but lay on top of \n",
      "Karina, crying and pleading that they leave her alone, but they flung her off.\n",
      "The woman's grown sons were right nearby; they picked her up in their hands \n",
      "and led her home. She howled and cried out loudly and swore: God is on Earth, \n",
      "he sees everything, and He won't forgive this.\n",
      "\n",
      "There was another woman, too, Aunt Fatima, a sick, aging woman from the first \n",
      "floor, she's already retired. Mountain dwellers, and Azerbaijanis, too, have a\n",
      "custom: If men are fighting, they throw a scarf under their feet to stop them.\n",
      "But they trampled her scarf and sent her home. To trample a scarf is \n",
      "tantamount to trampling a woman's honor.\n",
      "\n",
      "Now that the investigation is going on, now that a lot is behind us and we \n",
      "have gotten back to being ourselves a little, I think about how could these \n",
      "events that are now called the Sumgait tragedy happen? How did they come \n",
      "about? How did it start? Could it have been avoided? Well, it's clear that \n",
      "without a signal, without permission from the top leadership, it would not \n",
      "have happened. All the same, I'm not afraid to say this, the Azerbaijanis,\n",
      "let other worthy people take no offense, the better representatives of their \n",
      "nations, let them take no offense, but the Azerbaijanis in their majority are \n",
      "a people who are kept in line only by fear of the law, fear of retribution for\n",
      "what they have done. And when the law said that they could do all that, like\n",
      "unleashed dogs who were afraid they wouldn't have time to do everything, they \n",
      "threw themselves from one thing to the next so as to be able to get more done,\n",
      "to snatch a bit more. The smell of the danger was already in the air on\n",
      "February 27. You could tell that something was going to happen. And everyone \n",
      "who had figured it out took steps to avoid running into those gangs. Many left\n",
      "for their dachas, got plane tickets for the other end of the country, just got\n",
      "as far away as their legs would carry them.\n",
      "\n",
      "February 27 was a Saturday. I was teaching my third class. The director came \n",
      "into my classroom and said that I should let the children out, that there had \n",
      "been a call from the City Party Committee asking that all teachers gather for \n",
      "a meeting at Lenin Square. Well, I excused the children, and there were few \n",
      "teachers left at school, altogether three women, the director, and six or \n",
      "seven men. The rest had already gone home. We got to Lenin Square and there \n",
      "were a great many people there. This was around five-thirty or six in the \n",
      "evening, no later. They were saying all kinds of rubbish up on the podium and \n",
      "the crowd below was supporting them stormily, roaring. They spoke over the \n",
      "microphone about what had happened in Kafan a few days earlier and that the \n",
      "driver of a bus going to some district had recently thrown a small Azerbaijani\n",
      "child off the bus. The speaker affirmed that he was an eyewitness, that he had\n",
      "seen it himself..The crowd started to rage: \"Death to the Armenians! They must\n",
      "be killed!\" Then a woman went up on stage. I didn't see the woman because \n",
      "people were clinging to the podium like flies. I could only hear her. The \n",
      "woman introduced herself as coming from Kafan, and said that the Armenians \n",
      "cut her daughters' breasts off, and called, \"Sons, avenge my daughters!\" That \n",
      "was enough. A portion of the people on the square took off running in the \n",
      "direction of the factories, toward the beginning of Lenin Street.\n",
      "\n",
      "We stood there about an hour. Then the director of School 25 spoke, he gave a \n",
      "very nationalist speech. He said, \"Brother Muslims, kill the Armenians!\" This \n",
      "he repeated every other sentence. When he said this the crowd supported him \n",
      "stormily, whistling and shouting \"Karabagh!\" He said, \"Karabagh has been our \n",
      "territory my whole life long, Karabagh is my soul. How can you tear out my \n",
      "heart?\" As though an Azerbaijani would die without Karabagh. \"It's our \n",
      "territory, the Armenians will never see it. The Armenians must be eliminated. \n",
      "From time immemorial Muslims have cleansed the land of infidel Armenians, from\n",
      "time immemorial, that's the way nature created it, that every 20 to 30 years \n",
      "the Azerbaijanis should cleanse the land of filth.\" By filth he meant \n",
      "Armenians.\n",
      "\n",
      "I heard this. Before that I hadn't been listening to the speeches closely.\n",
      "Many people spoke and I stood with my back to the podium, talking shop with \n",
      "the other teachers, and somehow it all went right by, it didn't penetrate,\n",
      "that in fact something serious was taking place. Then, when one of our\n",
      "teachers said, \"Listen to what he's saying, listen to what idiocy he's \n",
      "spouting,\" we listened. That was the speech of that director. Before that we \n",
      "listened to the woman's speech.\n",
      "\n",
      "Right then in our group--there were nine of us--the mood changed, and the \n",
      "subject of conversation and all school matters were forgotten. Our director of\n",
      "studies, for whom I had great respect, he's an Azerbaijani . . . Before that I\n",
      "had considered him an upstanding and worthy person, if there was a need to \n",
      "obtain leave we had asked him, he seemed like a good person. So he tells me,\n",
      "\"Lyuda, you know that besides you there are no Armenians on the square? If \n",
      "they find out that you're an Armenian they'll tear you to pieces. Should I \n",
      "tell them you're an Armenian? Should I tell them you're an Armenian?\" When he \n",
      "said it the first time I pretended not to hear it, and then he asked me a \n",
      "second time. I turned to the director, Khudurova, and said that it was already\n",
      "after eight, I was expected at home, and I should be leaving. She answered, \n",
      "\"No, they said that women should stay here until ten o'clock,.and men, until \n",
      "twelve. Stay here.\" There was a young teacher with us, her children were in \n",
      "kindergarten and her husband worked shifts. She asked to leave: \"I left my \n",
      "children at the kindergarten.\" The director excused her. When she let her go I\n",
      "turned around, said, \"Good-bye,\" and left with the young teacher, the \n",
      "Azerbaijani. I didn't see them after that.\n",
      "\n",
      "When we were walking the buses weren't running, and a crowd from the rally ran\n",
      "nearby us. They had apparently gotten all fired up. It must have become too \n",
      "much for them, and they wanted to seek vengeance immediately, so they rushed \n",
      "off. I wasn't afraid this time because I was sure that the other teacher \n",
      "wouldn't say that I was an Armenian.\n",
      "\n",
      "To make it short, we reached home. Then Karina told of how they had been at \n",
      "the movies and what had happened there. I started telling of my experience and\n",
      "again my parents didn't understand that we were in danger. We watched \n",
      "television as usual, and didn't even imagine that tomorrow would be our last \n",
      "day. That's how it all was.\n",
      "\n",
      "At the City Party Committee I met an acquaintance, we went to school together,\n",
      "Zhanna, I don't remember her last name, she lives above the housewares store \n",
      "on Narimanov Street. She was there with her father, for some reason she \n",
      "doesn't have a mother. The two of them were at home alone. While her father \n",
      "held the door she jumped from the third floor, and she was lucky that the \n",
      "ground was wet and that there wasn't anyone behind the building when she went \n",
      "out on the balcony, there was no one there, they were all standing near the \n",
      "entryway. That building was also a lucky one in that there were no murders \n",
      "there. She jumped. She jumped and didn't feel any pain in the heat of the \n",
      "moment. A few days later I found out that she couldn't stand up, she had been \n",
      "injured somehow. That's how people in Sumgait saved their lives, their honor, \n",
      "and their children: any way they could. \n",
      "\n",
      "Where it was possible, the Armenians fought back. My father's first cousin, \n",
      "Armen M., lives in Block 30. They found out by phone from one of the victims \n",
      "what was going on in town. The Armenians in that building all called one \n",
      "another immediately and all of them armed themselves with axes, knives, even \n",
      "with muskets and went up to the roof. They took their infants with them, and \n",
      "their old women who had been in bed for God knows how many months, they got \n",
      "them right out of their beds and took everyone upstairs. They hooked \n",
      "electricity up to the trap door to the roof and waited, ready to fight. Then \n",
      "they took the daughter of the school board director hostage, she's an \n",
      "Azerbaijani who lived in their building. They called the school board director\n",
      "and told her that if she didn't help them, the 17 Armenians on the roof, to \n",
      "escape alive and unharmed, she'd never see her daughter again. I'm sure, of \n",
      "course, that Armenians would never lay a hand on a woman, it was just the only\n",
      "thing that could have saved them at the time. She called the police. The \n",
      "Armenians made a deal with the local police to go into town. Two armored \n",
      "personnel carriers and soldiers were summoned They surrounded the entryway and\n",
      "led everyone down from the roof, and off to the side from the armored \n",
      "personnel carriers was a crowd that was on its way to the building at that \n",
      "very moment, into Block 30. That's how they defended themselves.\n",
      "\n",
      "I heard that our neighbors, Roman and Sasha Gambarian, resisted. They're big, \n",
      "strong guys. Their father was killed. And I heard that the brothers put up a \n",
      "strong defense and lost their father, but were able to save their mother.\n",
      "\n",
      "One of the neighbors told me that after it happened, when they were looking \n",
      "for the criminals on March 1 to 2 and detaining everyone they suspected, \n",
      "people hid people in our entryway, maybe people who were injured or perhaps \n",
      "dead. The neighbors themselves were afraid to go there, and when they went \n",
      "with the soldiers into our basement they are supposed to have found \n",
      "Azerbaijani corpses. I don't know how many. Even if they had been wounded and \n",
      "put down there, after two days they would have died from loss of blood or \n",
      "infection--that basement was filled with water. I heard this from the \n",
      "neighbors. And later when I was talking with the investigators the subject \n",
      "came up and they confirmed it. I know, too, that for several hours the \n",
      "basement was used to store objects stolen from our apartment. And our neighbor\n",
      "carried out our carpet, along with the rest: he stole it for himself, posing \n",
      "as one of the criminals. Everyone was taking his own share, and the neighbor \n",
      "took his, too, and carried it home. And when we came back, when everything \n",
      "seemed to have calmed down, he returned it, saying that it was the only thing \n",
      "of ours he had managed to \"save.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Raya's husband and father defended themselves. The Trdatovs defended \n",
      "themselves, and so did other Armenian families. To be sure there were\n",
      "Azerbaijani victims, although we'll never hear anything about them. For some \n",
      "reason our government doesn't want to say that the Armenians were not just \n",
      "victims, but that they defended the honor of their sisters and mothers, too. \n",
      "In the TV show \"Pozitsiya\" [Viewpoint] a military man, an officer, said that \n",
      "the Armenians did virtually nothing to defend themselves. But that's not \n",
      "important, the truth will come out regardless.\n",
      "\n",
      "So that's the price we paid those three days. For three days our courage, our \n",
      "bravery, and our humanity was tested. It was those three days, and not the \n",
      "years and dozens of years we had lived before them, that showed what we've \n",
      "become, what we grew up to be. Those three days showed who was who.\n",
      "\n",
      "On that I will conclude my narrative on the Sumgait tragedy. It should be said\n",
      "that it's not over yet, the trials are still ahead of us, and the punishments\n",
      "received by those who so violated us, who wanted to make us into nonhumans \n",
      "will depend on our position and on the work of the investigators, the \n",
      "Procuracy, and literally of every person who lent his hand to the investiga-\n",
      "tion. That's the price we paid to live in Armenia, to not fear going out on \n",
      "the street at night, to not be afraid to say we're Armenians, and to not fear\n",
      "speaking our native tongue.\n",
      "\n",
      "   October 15,1988\n",
      "   Yerevan\n",
      "\n",
      "\t\t\t- - - reference for #008 - - -\n",
      "\n",
      "[1] _The Sumgait Tragedy; Pogroms against Armenians in Soviet Azerbaijan,\n",
      "    Volume I, Eyewitness Accounts_, edited by Samuel Shahmuradian, forward by\n",
      "    Yelena Bonner, 1990, published by Aristide D. Caratzas, NY, pages 118-145\n",
      "\n",
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      "victim: -3\n",
      "worth: 2\n",
      "prison: -2\n",
      "terribly: -3\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "pressure: -1\n",
      "fine: 2\n",
      "prison: -2\n",
      "care: 2\n",
      "hacked: -1\n",
      "yes: 1\n",
      "kind: 2\n",
      "worn: -1\n",
      "worn: -1\n",
      "revenge: -2\n",
      "easy: 1\n",
      "gain: 2\n",
      "gray: -1\n",
      "drop: -1\n",
      "murder: -2\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "axe: -1\n",
      "murdering: -3\n",
      "hacked: -1\n",
      "fair: 2\n",
      "grey: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "spark: 1\n",
      "mistake: -2\n",
      "dear: 2\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "apologize: -1\n",
      "mistaken: -2\n",
      "infuriated: -2\n",
      "guilt: -3\n",
      "forced: -1\n",
      "stuck: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "distorted: -2\n",
      "wicked: -2\n",
      "rage: -2\n",
      "smiled: 2\n",
      "smiled: 2\n",
      "provoked: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "please: 1\n",
      "calm: 2\n",
      "strength: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "strength: 2\n",
      "strength: 2\n",
      "guilt: -3\n",
      "prison: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "prison: -2\n",
      "stolen: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "stabbed: -2\n",
      "fair: 2\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "rape: -4\n",
      "hope: 2\n",
      "sentence: -2\n",
      "detained: -2\n",
      "won: 3\n",
      "prepared: 1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "promised: 1\n",
      "promised: 1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "strength: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "detained: -2\n",
      "marvelous: 3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "detained: -2\n",
      "hoping: 2\n",
      "liked: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "top: 2\n",
      "crying: -2\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "cried: -2\n",
      "god: 1\n",
      "won: 3\n",
      "forgive: 1\n",
      "sick: -2\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "honor: 2\n",
      "tragedy: -2\n",
      "avoided: -1\n",
      "clear: 1\n",
      "top: 2\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "worthy: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "better: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "fear: -2\n",
      "fear: -2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "danger: -2\n",
      "avoid: -1\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "supporting: 1\n",
      "rage: -2\n",
      "death: -2\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "cut: -1\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "sentence: -2\n",
      "supported: 2\n",
      "die: -3\n",
      "matters: 1\n",
      "forgotten: -1\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "worthy: 2\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "good: 3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "good: 3\n",
      "fired: -2\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "reached: 1\n",
      "danger: -2\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "lucky: 3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "lucky: 3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "murders: -2\n",
      "pain: -2\n",
      "injured: -2\n",
      "saved: 2\n",
      "honor: 2\n",
      "block: -1\n",
      "victims: -3\n",
      "god: 1\n",
      "trap: -1\n",
      "fight: -1\n",
      "help: 2\n",
      "escape: -1\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "saved: 2\n",
      "block: -1\n",
      "big: 1\n",
      "strong: 2\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "strong: 2\n",
      "lost: -3\n",
      "save: 2\n",
      "criminals: -3\n",
      "suspected: -1\n",
      "hid: -1\n",
      "injured: -2\n",
      "dead: -3\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "died: -3\n",
      "loss: -3\n",
      "stolen: -2\n",
      "criminals: -3\n",
      "share: 1\n",
      "calmed: 2\n",
      "save: 2\n",
      "victims: -3\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "victims: -3\n",
      "honor: 2\n",
      "important: 2\n",
      "courage: 2\n",
      "tragedy: -2\n",
      "violated: -2\n",
      "fear: -2\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "fear: -2\n",
      "tragedy: -2\n",
      "-299\n",
      "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Try the firearms archive.  Larry Cipriani's instructions follow.  By\n",
      "the way, thanks for the archive Larry..\n",
      "\n",
      "This year is the 103rd congress directory.\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------\n",
      "From\n",
      "watson!yktnews.watson.ibm.com!newsgate.watson.ibm.com!news.ans.net!howland.r\n",
      "reston.ans.net!bogus.sura.net!darwin.sura.net!dtix.dt.navy.mil!mimsy!cbvox1.\n",
      ".att.com!lvc Thu Apr  8 19:41:01 1993\n",
      "Article: 40039 of talk.politics.guns\n",
      "Path:\n",
      "watson!yktnews.watson.ibm.com!newsgate.watson.ibm.com!news.ans.net!howland.r\n",
      "reston.ans.net!bogus.sura.net!darwin.sura.net!dtix.dt.navy.mil!mimsy!cbvox1.\n",
      ".att.com!lvc\n",
      "From: lvc@cbvox1.att.com\n",
      "Newsgroups: talk.politics.guns\n",
      "Subject: Information about the anonymous ftp RKBA archive\n",
      "Message-ID: <1993Apr8.182924.7274@cbnews.cb.att.com>\n",
      "Date: 8 Apr 93 22:50:09 GMT\n",
      "Sender: magnum@mimsy.umd.edu\n",
      "Organization: Ideology Busters, Inc.\n",
      "Lines: 1795\n",
      "\n",
      "This is the INDEX file for the anonymous ftp RKBA archive.\n",
      "The archive site has been moved and is now at:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tgodiva.nectar.cs.cmu.edu\n",
      "\t\n",
      "in the directory\n",
      "\n",
      "\t/usr0/anon/pub/firearms/politics/rkba\n",
      "\n",
      "This archive is accessible only via anonymous ftp; instructions for\n",
      "anonymous ftp are at the end of this file.\n",
      "\n",
      "An email server is available at another site, and as a result is\n",
      "not completely in sync with this archive.  To get the index for\n",
      "the rkba email-server send:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tget rkba index\n",
      "\n",
      "as the body of a message to listserv@mainstream.com\n",
      "\n",
      "For help send:\n",
      "\n",
      "\thelp\n",
      "\n",
      "If you have any additions or suggestions for improvement to the\n",
      "RKBA archive please let me know.\n",
      "--\n",
      "Larry Cipriani, att!cbvox1!lvc or l.v.cipriani@att.com\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: rkba82\n",
      "\n",
      "Report of the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on\n",
      "the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, Second\n",
      "Session, February, 1982\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HCR11\n",
      "\n",
      "House Concurrent Resolution 11 by Mr. Crane, January 3, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "Expressing the sense of the Congress with respect to the right of all\n",
      "Americans to keep and bear arms in defense of life or liberty and in\n",
      "pursuit of all other legitimate endeavors.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HJR438\n",
      "\n",
      "House Joint Resolution 438 by Mr. Major Owens, March 11, 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States\n",
      "repealing the Second Amendment to the Constitution; includes comments\n",
      "by Owens entered into the Congressional Record.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR1133\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 1133 by Mr. Goodling, February 27, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit transfer of firearm to,\n",
      "or possession of a firearm by, a person convicted of a drug crime, and to\n",
      "provide enhanced penalties for possession of a firearm during a drug crime.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR1354\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 1354 by Mr. Scheuer, March 7, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To end the use of steel jaw leghold traps on animals in the United States.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR1412\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 1412 by Mr. Staggers, March 13, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to provide for the establishment\n",
      "of a national hotline which a Federal Firearms licensee may contact to\n",
      "learn if receipt of a handgun by a prospective transferee is prohibited,\n",
      "and to require such a licensee to contact the hotline before the transfer\n",
      "of a handgun to a nonlicensee.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR1559\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 1559 by Mr. Gibbons, March 21, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the importation of semiautomatic assault weapons, large\n",
      "capacity ammunition feeding devices, and certain accessories.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR1770\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 1770 by Mr. Smith of Florida, April 15, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain handguns\n",
      "which are unsuitable for lawful sporting purposes.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR19\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 19 by Mr. Hughes January 3, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the possession, transfer, and certain exports of restricted\n",
      "weapons, the manufacture of firearms capable of accepting a silencer or\n",
      "bayonet without alteration, and the possession and transfer of large\n",
      "capacity ammunition feeding devices, and for other purposes.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR282\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 282 by Mrs. Collins, January 3, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To provide for the mandatory registration of handguns.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR2922\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 2922 by Mr. Cardin, July 17, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend the Public Health Service Act to establish an entitlement of\n",
      "States\n",
      "and certain political subdivisions of States to receive grants for the\n",
      "abatement of health hazards associated with lead-based paint, and to amend\n",
      "the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to impose an excise tax and establish a\n",
      "trust fund to satisfy the Federal obligations arising from such\n",
      "entitlement.\n",
      "\n",
      "[This bill would impose upto a $0.75/pound tax on all new lead, and\n",
      "$0.37/pound tax on recycled lead.]\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR318\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 318 by Mr. Dornan, January 3, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend the Animal Welfare Act to prohibit dog racing and dog training\n",
      "involving the use of live animals as visual lure and to make such Act\n",
      "applicable to facilities that are used for dog racing or dog race training.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR3371\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 3371\n",
      "\t\t\t\n",
      "\"The Violent Crime Prevention Act of 1991\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR371\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 371 by Mr. Marlenee, January 3, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To protect persons engaged in a lawful hunt within a national forest;\n",
      "establishing an administrative civil remedy against individuals or groups\n",
      "intentionally obstructing, impeding, or interfering with the conduct of a\n",
      "lawful hunt; and for other purposes.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/101st/HR4079\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 4079 by Mr. Gingrich, February 22, 1990\n",
      "\n",
      "To provide swift and certain punishment for criminals in order\n",
      "to deter violent crime and rid America of illegal drug use.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR436\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 436 by Mr. Weiss, January 3, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the manufacture, transfer, or importation of .25 caliber\n",
      "and .32 caliber ammunition.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR465\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 465 by Mr. Rangel, January 7, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit certain exports of fully automatic or semiautomatic\n",
      "assault weapons.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR4897\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 4897 by Mr. Cunningham, April 9, 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968\n",
      "to deny grant funds to States unless law enforcement officers are permitted\n",
      "to carry concealed firearms.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR5633\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 5633 by Mr. Schumer, July 21, 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to expand the scope of the multiple\n",
      "firearms sales reporting requirement, and to require that persons comply\n",
      "with State and local firearms licensing laws before receiving a Federal\n",
      "license to deal in firearms.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR5807\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 5807 by Mr. Schumer, August 10, 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "To impose criminal penalties upon the failure of a Federal firearms\n",
      "licensee to report to appropriate authorities the loss or theft of a\n",
      "firearm from the inventory or collection of the licensee.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR7\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 7 by Mr. Feighan\n",
      "\n",
      "To require a waiting period before the purchase of a handgun;\n",
      "also known as \"The Brady Bill\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/HR750\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 750 by Mr. Russo, January 30, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that the excise tax\n",
      "on handguns will be transferred to a trust fund to be used for purposes of\n",
      "providing compensation to victims of crime, and for other purposes.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S214\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 214 by Mr. Hatch, January 15, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To provide procedures for calling Federal constitutional \n",
      "conventions under article V for the purpose of proposing \n",
      "amendments to the United States Constitution.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S2304\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 2304 by Mr. Lautenberg, March 3, 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to permanently prohibit the\n",
      "possession of firearms by persons who have been convicted of a violent\n",
      "felony, and for other purposes.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S257\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 257\n",
      "\n",
      "To require a waiting period before the purchase of a handgun.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S2813\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 2813 by Mr. Gore, June 4, 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "To establish in the Government Printing Office an electronic\n",
      "gateway to provide public access to a wide range of Federal\n",
      "databases containing public information stored electronically.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S2913\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 2913 by Mr. Chafee, June 30 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the manufacture, importation, exportation, sale,\n",
      "purchase, transfer, receipt, possession, or transportation of\n",
      "handguns and ammunition, with certain exceptions.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S3282\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 3282 by Mr. Mitchell, September 28 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to require a waiting period\n",
      "before the purchase of a handgun.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/101st/S386\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 386 by Mr. Metzenbaum, February 8, 1989\n",
      "\n",
      "To control the sale and use of assault weapons.                \n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S51\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 51 by Mr. Moynihan, January 14, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the manufacture, transfer, or importation of .25 caliber\n",
      "and .32 caliber and 9 millimeter ammunition.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S634\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 634 by Mr. Symms, March 13, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend chapter 44, title 18, United States Code, to provide clarification\n",
      "of limitations on controls of firearms, and to prohibit the use of Federal\n",
      "funds to political subdivisions which implement certain gun control ordi-\n",
      "nances.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/101st/S747\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 747 by Mr. DeConcini,\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, regarding\n",
      "assault weapons.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S789\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 789, by Mr. Moynihan, April 9, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the importation of semiautomatic assault weapons, large\n",
      "capacity ammunition feeding devices, and certain accessories.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S892\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 892, By Mr. Metzenbaum, April 23, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 15, United States Code, to authorize the Consumer Product\n",
      "Safety Commission to regulate the risk of injury associated with firearms.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/102nd/S918\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 918, by Mr. Packwood, April 24, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "The amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exempt small manufacturers,\n",
      "producers, and importers from the firearms excise tax.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/HCR3\n",
      "\n",
      "House Concurrent Resolution 3, by Mr. Crane, January 5, 1993\n",
      "Expressing the sense of the Congress with respect to the right of all\n",
      "Americans to keep and bear arms in defense of life or liberty and in the\n",
      "pursuit of all other legitimate endeavors.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/HJR81\n",
      "\n",
      "House Joint Resolution, by Mr. Owens, January 27, 1993\n",
      "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States\n",
      "repealing the Second Amendment to the Constitution.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/HR277\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 277, by Mr. Mazolli, January 5, 1993 \n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to require a waiting period \n",
      "before the purchase of a handgun. \n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/HR544\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 544, by Mr. Torricelli, January 21, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit the transfer of 2 or\n",
      "more handguns to an individual in any 30-day period.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/HR661\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 661, by Mrs. Collins, January 27, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To provide for the manufacturer, importer, or dealer of a handgun or an\n",
      "assault weapon to be held strictly liable for damages that result from the\n",
      "use of the handgun or assault weapon.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/HR737\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 737, by Mr. REYNOLDS, February 2, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To provide for the manufacturer or importer of a handgun or an assault\n",
      "weapon to be held strictly liable for damages that result from the use\n",
      "of the handgun or assault weapon, and to amend the Internal Revenue\n",
      "Code of 1986 to increase the excise tax on firearms and use a portion\n",
      "of the revenues from such tax to assist hospitals in urban areas to\n",
      "provide medical care to gunshot victims who are not covered under any\n",
      "health\n",
      "plan.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/HR1025\n",
      "\n",
      "House Bill 1025, by Mr. Schumer, February 22, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To provide for a waiting period before the purchase of a hadgun,\n",
      "and for the establishment of a national instant criminal\n",
      "background check system to be contacted by firearms dealers\n",
      "before the transfer of any firearm.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/S108\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 108, by Mr. Moynihan, January 21, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the importation of semiautomatic assault weapons, large\n",
      "capacity ammunition feeding devices, and certain accessories.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/S109\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 109, by Mr. Moynihan, January 21, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend section 923 of title 18, United States Code, to require the\n",
      "keeping\n",
      "of records with respect to dispositions of ammunition, and to require a\n",
      "study\n",
      "of the use and possible regulation of sales of ammunition.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/S178\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 178, by Mr. Moynihan, January 21, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to prohibit the\n",
      "manufacture, transfer, or importation of .25 caliber and .32 caliber\n",
      "and 9 millimeter ammunition.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/S179\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 179, by Mr. Moynihan, January 21, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To tax 9 millimeter, .25 caliber, and .32 caliber bullets.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/S376\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 376, by Mr. Lautenberg, February 16, 1993\n",
      "\n",
      "To prohibit the transfer of 2 or more handguns to an individual in any\n",
      "30-day period.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress/103rd/S414\n",
      "\n",
      "Senate Bill 414, by Mr. Metzenbaum, February 24, 1993 \n",
      "\n",
      "To amend title 18, United States Code, to require a waiting period\n",
      "before the purchase of a handgun. \n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gun-free-zones\n",
      "\n",
      "Text of the GUN FREE SCHOOL ZONES ACT OF 1990 from PUBLIC LAW 101-647\n",
      "NOV. 29, 1990\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: aclu\n",
      "\n",
      "A collection of articles on the ACLU's position on gun control.\n",
      "Included is ACLU Policy Statement #47 which gives the ACLU interpretation\n",
      "of the Second Amendment.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: dcm-info\n",
      "\n",
      "A collection of articles explaining the Civilian Marksmanship Program.\n",
      "In other words, \"Why does the United States Department of Defense sell\n",
      "battle rifles to civilians ? \"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: dial911\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Dial 911 and Die!\"  By Aaron Zelman and Jay Simkin of Jews for the\n",
      "Preservation of Firearms Ownership (JPFO)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: fija-info\n",
      "\n",
      "The Fully Informed Jury Amendment, and what it means to gun owners\n",
      "and the right to keep and bear arms.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: whitemanslaw\n",
      "\n",
      "White Man's Law by William R. Tonso, from the December 1985\n",
      "Reason magazine\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: jefferson\n",
      "\n",
      "The First Inaugural Address of Thomas Jefferson, 2nd president of the\n",
      "United States.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: jewishistory\n",
      "\n",
      "Jewish History Rufutes Gun Control Activists, by Elliot Rothenberg\n",
      "from the February 1988 *American Rifleman*.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: law-abiding\n",
      "\n",
      "The Law-Abiding Gun Owner as Domestic and Acquaintance Murderer\n",
      "from \"Guns, Murders, and the Constitution: A Realistic Assessment of\n",
      "Gun Control,\" by Don B. Kates, February, 1990, pp.45-49.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: second-ideology\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The Second Amendment and the Ideology of Self-Protection\" by\n",
      "Don B. Kates, Jr.  Reprinted from CONSTITUTIONAL COMMENTARY,\n",
      "Vol. 9. No. 1. Winter 1992, (c) 1992 by Constitutional Commentary,\n",
      "\n",
      "Kates puts the Second Amendment and philosophies of self-protection\n",
      "into a historical perspective\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: new-understa\n",
      "\n",
      "Toward a New Understanding of the Second Amendment, by David T. Hardy\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: to-bear-arms\n",
      "\n",
      "\"To Bear Arms for Self Defense: Our Second Amendment Heritage\" by\n",
      "Stephen P. Halbrook.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: no-treason\n",
      "\n",
      "No Treason, The Constitution of No Authority by Lysander Spooner\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "Excerpts from the study \"Crime Control Through the Use of Armed Force\",\n",
      "by Associate Professor Dr. Gary Kleck, Florida State University School\n",
      "of Criminology, published in the February 1988 issue of SOCIAL PROBLEMS.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: waitper-qna\n",
      "\n",
      "Waiting Period -- Questions and Answers by Handgun Control, Inc. (HCI)\n",
      "and Citizens for Safe Government (CSG)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: warsaw\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The Warsaw Ghetto; 10 Handguns Against Tyranny\",\n",
      "by Dr. David I Caplan from February, 1988 American Rifleman.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: wethepeople\n",
      "\n",
      "Supreme Court interpretations of the Second Amendment.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: sc-ftp\n",
      "\n",
      "How to retreive Supreme Court decisions via anonymous ftp.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: alternative-policy\n",
      "\n",
      "ALTERNATIVE POLICY FUTURES by Franklin E. Zimring\n",
      "from THE ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.\n",
      "Volume 455, May 1981; published by The American Academy of Political\n",
      "and Social Science; 1981.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: embarassing.2nd.amendment\n",
      "\n",
      "The Embarassing Second Amendment by Sanford Levinson, Yale Law Journal\n",
      "Volume 99, pp 637-659 (1989)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nra800\n",
      "\n",
      "Phone numbers for the NRA, many are toll-free 800 numbers\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nradrugs\n",
      "\n",
      "A collection of articles on the NRA's position on the War on Drugs.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: fl-aw-part1\n",
      "\n",
      "Florida A.W. Commission - Exec Summary Part 1,\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: fl-aw-part2\n",
      "\n",
      "Florida A.W. Commission - Exec Summary Part 2,\n",
      "STOCKTON -- THE FACTS  by Martin L. Fackler, MD\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: iwba\n",
      "\n",
      "Information about the International Wound Ballistics Association,\n",
      "Martin Fackler, president\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gunshyjudges\n",
      "\n",
      "Gun-Shy Judges by Jacob Sullum, from the May 1991 issue of Reason Magazine\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: heatofmoment\n",
      "\n",
      "In the Heat of the Moment, By James D. Wright\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: racist-soil\n",
      "\n",
      "Article \"Gun Control Sprouts from Racist Soil.\" by Roy Innis,\n",
      "from the Wall Street Journal 11/21/91\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: core-policy\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Bearing Arms for Self-Defense -- A Human and Civil Right\" by\n",
      "Roy Innis, National Chairman, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: righttobear\n",
      "\n",
      "The Right to Bear Arms By Sanford Levinson from the\n",
      "Daily News, Ft Walton Beach, FL.  (1991)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: rock-island\n",
      "\n",
      "United States of America v. Rock Island Armory, US District Court for\n",
      "the Central District of IL; the court ruled that making a post '86\n",
      "machine gun is not illegal -- believe it or not.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: dalton\n",
      "\n",
      "United States of America v. John William Dalton, US Court of Appeals,\n",
      "Tenth Circuit, 91-1149; the court ruled that owning or transferring\n",
      "a post '86 machine gun is not punishable under the NFA -- believe it\n",
      "or not.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: waitdanger\n",
      "\n",
      "Why Gun Waiting Periods Threaten Public Safety By David B. Kopel,\n",
      "March 25, 1991\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: aw-qna\n",
      "\n",
      "Assault Weapon Questions & Answers\n",
      "by Handgun Control, Inc. and Citizens for Safe Government (CSG)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: ccw-survey\n",
      "\n",
      "A state by state survey of Carrying Concealed Weapons laws.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: us-vs-miller\n",
      "\n",
      "United States vs. Miller et al., Appeal from the District Court of the\n",
      "United States for the Western District of Arkansas.\n",
      "\n",
      "Argued March 30, 1939 -- Decided May 15, 1939\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: presser\n",
      "\n",
      "The history of Presser v Illinois is a fascinating exercise of how\n",
      "politically based decisions on our Constitutional rights have come back\n",
      "to haunt us.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: cia-ncbh\n",
      "\n",
      "A column by Neal Knox presenting evidence that former CIA agent\n",
      "Edwin O. Welles played a major role in founding HCI and NCBH.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: conphone\n",
      "\n",
      "A list of voice and fax phone number for representatives and senators.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: billofrights\n",
      "\n",
      "The first 10 articles of amendment to the United States Constitution.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: constitution\n",
      "\n",
      "The Constitution of the United States of America\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: decl-of-indp\n",
      "\n",
      "The Declaration of Independence\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: dont-wait\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Criminals Don't Wait -- Why Should You ?\" from the NRA.  Exposes the\n",
      "fraudulent arguments made for waiting periods.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: external\n",
      "\n",
      "Positive Externalities of Gun Ownership, by John Kell, from\n",
      "\"The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty, October 1991 \"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: english-hist\n",
      "\n",
      "Firearms Legislation in Great Britain, by Jan A. Stevenson\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: simkin\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Control Criminals, Not Guns\" by Jay Edward Simkin found in the\n",
      "March, 25 1991 [or '92?] Wall Street Journal:\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: unabridged\n",
      "\n",
      "The Unabridged Second Amendment, by J. Neil Schulman\n",
      "\n",
      "An interview with Roy Copperud, retired professor of journalism at\n",
      "USC and author of \"American Usage and Style: The Consensus\".  Copperud\n",
      "offers his professional opinion on the meaning of the Second Amendment.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: uzitruth\n",
      "\n",
      "A letter from J. Harper Wilson, Director FBI Uniform Crime Reporting\n",
      "Program to Paul H. Blackman, Research Coordinator of the NRA stating\n",
      "that only one police officer, of Puerto Rico, was shot and killed with\n",
      "a semi-automatic 9mm Model A Uzi.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: maketheirday\n",
      "\n",
      "\"How to Make Their Day\" by Don B. Kates Jr. and Patricia Terrell Harris\n",
      "in the National Review, October 21, 1991\n",
      "\n",
      "Kates and Harris debunk several myths about firearms, criminals, and\n",
      "violence.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: two-myths\n",
      "\n",
      "Two myths of gun control from \"Point Blank: Guns and Violence in\n",
      "America\" by Gary Kleck.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: aw-not-problem\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Assault Weapons Aren't the Problem\", by Gary Kleck, published in\n",
      "The New York Times Tuesday, September 1, 1992\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: oregon-study\n",
      "\n",
      "1990 Oregon Study of Retail Firearm Sales and CHL Licensing\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: children\n",
      "\n",
      "Fighting for Children's Hearts and Minds by Robert Pew, American\n",
      "Rifleman - April 1992\n",
      "\n",
      "Discusses how HCI and it's Center to Prevent Handgun Violence\n",
      "have set out to use public schools as forums for their anti-gun\n",
      "propaganda.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gunssputter\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Guns and Sputter\" by James D. Wright, from July 1989 issue of REASON.\n",
      "Wright exposes the flaws in the New England Journal of Medicine study\n",
      "comparing the homicide rates of Seattle and Vancouver.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nejm-info\n",
      "\n",
      "A collection of articles and information on the New England Journal of\n",
      "Medicine Vancouver/Seattle handgun crime comparison study.\n",
      "\n",
      "See also the file gunssputter, authored by James Wright.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: dcstudy.1\n",
      "\n",
      "The New England Journal of Medicine. 1991 Dec 5. 325 (23).\n",
      "pp 1647-1650.\n",
      "Editorials: Firearms And The Killing Threshold.\n",
      "Kassirer-Jerome-P.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: dcstudy.2\n",
      "\n",
      "The New England Journal of Medicine. 1991 Dec 5. 325 (23).\n",
      "pp 1615-1620.\n",
      "Special Article: Effects Of Restrictive Licensing Of\n",
      "Handguns On Homicide And Suicide In The District Of Columbia.\n",
      "Loftin-Colin.  McDowall-David.  Wiersema-Brian.  Cottey-Talbert-J.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nejm-editorial\n",
      "\n",
      "The New England Journal of Medicine. 1988 Nov 10. 319 (19).\n",
      "pp 1283-1285.\n",
      "Editorial: Firearm Injuries: A Call For Science.\n",
      "Mercy-James-A. Houk-Vernon-N.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nejm-letters\n",
      "\n",
      "The New England Journal of Medicine. 1989 May 4. 320 (18).\n",
      "pp 1214-1217.\n",
      "Correspondence: Handgun Regulations, Crime, Assaults, And\n",
      "Homicide: A Tale Of Two Cities.\n",
      "Blackman-Paul-H. Hagen-Tim.  Morris-David-C.\n",
      "Stolinsky-David-C. Tirer-Samuel.  Gryder-John-W.\n",
      "Kuziak-John-D. Sloan-John-H. Kellerman-Arthur-L-Kellermann.\n",
      "Rivara-Fred-P. Koepsell-Thomas.  Reay-Donald-T.\n",
      "LoGerfo-James-P. Rice-Charles.  Ferris-James-A. Gray-Laurel-\n",
      "A. Mercy-James-A. Houk-Vernon-N.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: suicide.1\n",
      "\n",
      "The New England Journal of Medicine. 1990 Feb 8. 322 (6).\n",
      "pp 369-373.\n",
      "Special Article: Firearm Regulations And Rates Of Suicide:\n",
      "A Comparison of Two Metropolitan Areas.\n",
      "Sloan-John-Henry.  Rivara-Frederick-P. Reay-Donald-T.\n",
      "Ferris-James-A-J. Kellermann-Arthur-L.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: suicide.2\n",
      "\n",
      "The New England Journal of Medicine. 1990 Jul 12. 323 (2).\n",
      "p 137.\n",
      "Correspondence: Firearm Regulations and Rates of Suicide.\n",
      "Blackman-Paul-H. Sloan-John-Henry.  Rivara-Frederick-P.\n",
      "Kellermann-Arthur.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: totc\n",
      "\n",
      "The New England Journal of Medicine. 1988 Nov 10. 319 (19).\n",
      "pp 1256-1262.\n",
      "Special Article: Handgun Regulations, Crime, Assaults, And\n",
      "Homicide: A Tale of Two Cities.\n",
      "Sloan-John-Henry.  Kellermann-Arthur-L. Reay-Donald-T.\n",
      "Ferris-James-A. Koepsell-Thomas.  Rivara-Frederick-P.\n",
      "Rice-Charles.  Gray-Laurel.  LoGerfo-James.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nra.cdc\n",
      "\n",
      "An open letter from Paul H. Blackman, of NRA to the Director, Office\n",
      "of Scientific Integrity Review, U.S. Public Health Service, detailing\n",
      "why they should evaluate the integrity and competency of firearms research\n",
      "conducted by and for the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.000\n",
      "\n",
      "What the RKBA.nnn files are all about.\n",
      "\n",
      "The RKBA.nnn series are set of small (60-100 lines typically) postings\n",
      "that address common questions and myths about all aspects of firearms.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.001\n",
      "\n",
      "Accidental deaths by firearms and by other means.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "FILE: RKBA.002\n",
      "\n",
      "Declining trend of accidental deaths by firearms\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.003\n",
      "\n",
      "Homicide per capita in the US\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.004\n",
      "\n",
      "Children and firearms\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.008\n",
      "\n",
      "Annual firearm manufacture in the United States\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.010\n",
      "\n",
      "Declaration of Independence\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.013\n",
      "\n",
      "Trend in weapons use for robberies (1974-86)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.014\n",
      "\n",
      "Reasons for homicide and non-negligent manslaughter\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.015\n",
      "\n",
      "Are firearms a leading cause of death of children?\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.016\n",
      "\n",
      "Is the United States the most violent nation?\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: RKBA.999\n",
      "\n",
      "Complete list of all sources used for the RKBA.nnn series.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: cox-study\n",
      "\n",
      "Analysis of the Cox Atlanta Journal Constitution, 21 May 1989 article\n",
      "on Assault Weapons, by James J. Baker of NRA-ILA, before the Select\n",
      "Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, U.S. House of Representatives.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: feder11.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "The Federalist Papers, as transcribed by Project Gutenberg 1.1\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: great-quotes\n",
      "\n",
      "Thomas Jefferson quotes and more ...\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: civilian\n",
      "\n",
      "Civilian Possession of Military Firearms, by Richard A. I. Munday,\n",
      "from the January/February 1988 issue of the UK Handgunner.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: good-go-bad\n",
      "\n",
      "\"When Good, Law-Abiding Citizens Go Bad\", from UK Handgunner No. 46\n",
      "Jan-Feb 1989.  Discusses how the rate of compliance of gun control\n",
      "laws is always very low, even among otherwise law abiding citizens.\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: tory-national-socialism\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Tory National Socialism\", by Richard A.I. Munday, UK Handgunner,\n",
      "Jul-Aug 86.  Discusses the gun control leanings of socialists of\n",
      "the right.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: the-big-lie\n",
      "\n",
      "\" Gun Grabbers vs. Assault Rifles: The Big Lie\" by Neal Knox,\n",
      "\n",
      "Semi-auto military-styled \"assault\" rifles are not now nor have they\n",
      "ever been a threat to society. These facts have been determined by\n",
      "the government - but never released to the public!\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: ff-47\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The Founding Fathers and the AK-47\", by Sue Wimmershoff-Caplan\n",
      "Discuss the question if the Founding Fathers would have approved of\n",
      "the AK-47 for civilian ownership.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hcikkk\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Handgun Control, Inc., & the KKK\" by David Kopel, from the Oct 91\n",
      "issue of Gun World magazine.  Discusses the parallels in the hate\n",
      "campaigns of the Ku Klux Klan and Handgun Control, Inc.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: rkba-orgs\n",
      "\n",
      "A list of organizations devoted to the preservation of the Second\n",
      "Amendment.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: victoria\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The Gun Law Handbook\" for the state of Victoria, Australia (Oct 1988).\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nra-purposes\n",
      "\n",
      "A summary of the NRA's purposes and objectives, and positions on some\n",
      "gun control issues.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: ktw\n",
      "\n",
      "A collection of articles relating to teflon coated, armor piercing\n",
      "bullets.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: thompsoncenter\n",
      "\n",
      "The Supreme Court decision in the case:\n",
      "\n",
      "United States of America v. Thompson/Center Arms Co.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: DMN_Gratia_CCP\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Concealed weapons can prevent tragedies like Killeen's\" by\n",
      "Dr. Suzanna Gratia in the Dallas Morning News, Sunday April\n",
      "29th, 1992\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: Knox_AW_lies\n",
      "\n",
      "Neal Knox on how military style semi-auto's are not a threat\n",
      "to public safety, how they are not fundamentally different\n",
      "than ordinary hunting weapons, and how the gun grabbers are\n",
      "exploiting the bad image this class of weapons has to enact\n",
      "further gun control.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: WSJ_Crimestrik\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The NRA Mounts a Militant Campaign Taking Aim at Criminal-Justice\n",
      "System\" by Alix M. Freedman staff reporter of The Wall Street Journal.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: med-media\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Gun Prohibition in the Medical Literature - Telling the Truth?\" by\n",
      "Edgar A. Suter, MD ; discusses anti-gun bias in medical journals.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: toy-guns\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Court Psychologist Says Toy Guns Are Good For Children\" from Gun Week,\n",
      "1989. \n",
      "\n",
      "Glen David Skoler, court psychologist for the Arlington County, VA,\n",
      "claims \"toys of violence\" -- including toy guns are, in fact, good\n",
      "for children.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: awca89-appeal\n",
      "\n",
      "Text of the 9th Circuit court of Appeals in the Fresno Rifle and Pistol\n",
      "Club challenge to California's Roberti-Roos Assault Weapon Control Act\n",
      "of 1989.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: lp92-rkba\n",
      "\n",
      "The right to keep and bear arms plank of the 1992 National Platform of\n",
      "the Libertarian Party.\n",
      "\n",
      "And a reproduction of the Libertarian Party brochure\n",
      "\"Responsible Gun Ownership: Equal Rights for America's Gun Owners\"\n",
      "\n",
      "The entire 1992 National Platform of the LP is available via anonymous\n",
      "ftp on think.com in the file /pub/libernet/LP/libertarian-platform-1992\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: let-july91\n",
      "\n",
      "An article from the July/August 1991 issue of Law Enforcement Technology\n",
      "with a survey of police officers on their views of gun control.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nacp-poll\n",
      "\n",
      "A study conducted by the National Association of the Chiefs of\n",
      "Police (NACP) through its American Law Enforcement Survey for 1989,\n",
      "in which 16,259 chiefs of police, sheriffs and law-enforcement command\n",
      "personnel were polled with a list of 30 questions, it was determined\n",
      "the overwhelming majority of officers support the right of private\n",
      "arms ownership, and agreed that gun bans had little effect on crime.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hci-advert\n",
      "\n",
      "A example of the propaganda used by HCI in soliciting contributions.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hci-transcript\n",
      "\n",
      "A transcription of the HCI video tape \"America Needs a National\n",
      "Handgun Control Policy\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gartner\n",
      "\n",
      "Michael Gartner, president of NBC News, calls for a ban on handguns\n",
      "in this USA TODAY Thursday January 16th 1992 editorial.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nra-lp\n",
      "\n",
      "A resolution passed by the voting membership of the NRA at its national\n",
      "convention in Anaheim, CA stating the NRA will support third party\n",
      "candidates.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: cooley\n",
      "\n",
      "Thomas M. Cooley, LL.D., General Principles of Constitutional Law in\n",
      "the United States of America, 298-299 (3rd ed. 1898), a leading \n",
      "constitutional commentator discussed the rights protected by the Second\n",
      "Amendment:\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: kilpatrick\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Gun Law Might Curb Rising Murder Rate\" by James Kilpatrick, St. Louis\n",
      "Post-Dispatch Tuesday June 23, 1992.  Kilpatrick expresses support for\n",
      "a national firearms law as proposed by C. Everett Koop, that is, a\n",
      "requirement that gun owners pass a competency test, among other things.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: vanity-fair\n",
      "\n",
      "A summary of the 10 page article on Jim and Sarah Brady which appeared\n",
      "in the January '91 issue of Vanity Fair Magazine.\n",
      "\n",
      "Question: \"Was it true you wanted to get a gun to protect\n",
      "\tyourself against Hinckley?\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Answer Jim brady: \"I had a gun\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: goldwin\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Gun Control Is Constitutional,\" by Robert A. Goldwin from the\n",
      "Wall Street Journal edtorial page, Thrusday, December 12, 1991\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: anniston\n",
      "\n",
      "Two articles on a murder averted in Anniston, Alabama by a man\n",
      "with a CCW permit.  The importance of this event is that it closely\n",
      "followed the murders by Hennard in Texas, but the media did not\n",
      "cover Anniston.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: staggers-brady\n",
      "\n",
      "A survey of public support for the Staggers Instant Background\n",
      "Check and the Brady Waiting Period.  The basic finding is that\n",
      "once the public understands the advantages of the instant background\n",
      "check vs. the problems with the Brady waiting period support for\n",
      "the Brady waiting period diminishes greatly.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: brady-vote\n",
      "\n",
      "How Congress voted on the Staggers Instant Background Check and\n",
      "the Brady Waiting period.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: vs-vote\n",
      "\n",
      "How Congress voted on the Volkmer-Sensenbrenner Amendment to\n",
      "strike the new gun control sections from the administration\n",
      "crime bill.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: dc-vote\n",
      "\n",
      "How the U.S. Senate voted on S. 2113, the repeal of the District\n",
      "of Columbia's anti-gun strict liability law.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: covey\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Gun Control: Trying the Facts,  Weighing the Values\" A monograph based\n",
      "on \"Crime, Inequality, Guns, & Equity\" by Preston K. Covey, Ph.D.,\n",
      "Director Center for the Advancement of Applied Ethics, Carnegie Mellon\n",
      "University.\n",
      "\n",
      "Addresses the desirability of gun bans: ethical aspects, equity issues,\n",
      "and other values at stake in the management of mortal risks, deadly\n",
      "force and its instruments.  \n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: assays-of-bias\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Assays of Bias on the Second Amendment: The Media Elite\" by\n",
      "Preston K. Covey, Director Center for the Advancement of Applied\n",
      "Ethics [excerpts from a longer monograph]\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: cleveland\n",
      "\n",
      "A critique of:\n",
      "\n",
      "ACCIDENTAL FIREARM FATALITIES IN A METROPOLITAN COUNTY (1958-1973)\n",
      "Rushforth, Hirsch, Ford, and Adelson\n",
      "American Journal of Epidemiology #100, 1974, pp. 499-505.\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "This is THE study that lies at the heart of the gun control\n",
      "claim that owning a firearm for self-defense is too dangerous.\n",
      "The claims that a defensive gun is X (=6 in this study)\n",
      "times more likely to be used against an innocent person than\n",
      "in lawful self-defense originated with this report in 1974.\n",
      "\n",
      "by Robert I. Kesten\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: tiananmen-lessons\n",
      "\n",
      "\"LESSONS FROM TIANANMEN SQUARE\" by Neal Knox reprinted from\n",
      "Guns & Ammo, September 1989\n",
      "\n",
      "Why the Second Amendment is so important, even in todays more\n",
      "\"progressive\" era.  Included is a description of the 1932\n",
      "Bonus March in Washington, DC in which Gen. Douglas MacArthur\n",
      "opposed unemployed WWI veterans lobbying for the government to\n",
      "immediately pay their promised Veteran's Bonus.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: forward-trace\n",
      "\n",
      "\"California FFL Dealer Defies \"Forward Trace\"\" by Neal Talbot in\n",
      "The New Gun Week, March 1, 1991.\n",
      "\n",
      "Details how the BATF bullies FFL holders into giving BATF copies\n",
      "of 4473's in violation of federal law.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: justice-stats\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Handgun Crime Victims\", by Michael R. Rand, Bureau of Justice Statistics\n",
      "Statistician, U.S. Department of Justice.\n",
      "\n",
      "This Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report describes the key findings\n",
      "from an analysis of handgun crimes reported in the National Crime Survey\n",
      "for 1979-87.  It describes the victims of hand-gun [sic] crime, how the\n",
      "handgun was used during the crime, and the nature and extent of handgun\n",
      "crime injury.  It also provides information on handgun offenders, the\n",
      "location of handgun crimes, and whether the crime was reported to the\n",
      "police.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: chafee\n",
      "\n",
      "Included are:\n",
      "\n",
      "1) Transcript of press conference with Senator John Chafee, and former\n",
      "Supreme Court justice Warren Burger on S. 2913, Chafee's, handgun ban.\n",
      "Also speaking was Vernon Jordan, former member of the Jimmy Carter\n",
      "White House; Mayor Sharon Pratt Kelly; Michael Beard of National\n",
      "Coalition to Stop Gun Violence; Michael Casserly (executive director,\n",
      "Council of the Great City Schools); Dr. Carden Johnston representing\n",
      "the American Academy of Pediatrics;\n",
      "\n",
      "2) An article by Neal Knox in which he describes how Sarah Brady kicked\n",
      "out HCI president Charles Orasin because of a disagreement on Chafee's\n",
      "handgun ban.\n",
      "\n",
      "3) An article on Burger's support for S. 2913.\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: alarmist-view\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Gun Registration: An 'Alarmist' View\" by Jon vanWormer; reprinted\n",
      "from the December 1985 Guns & Ammo.  How an rkba moderate became a\n",
      "radical.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: fackler-papers\n",
      "\n",
      "A list of articles by \"Col. Martin L. Fackler, M.D., F.A.C.S.\"\n",
      "Wound Ballistics Lab, and where to write for copies of them.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gun-war\n",
      "\n",
      "\"THE GREAT AMERICAN GUN WAR\" by Barry Bruce-Briggs,\n",
      "_The_Public_Interest_  No. 45, Fall 1976, pp 37-62\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: george-will\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Repeal Second Amendment and Save Lives\", by George Will\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: reeves\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Drastic Steps to End the War at Home\" by Richard Reeves, no date\n",
      "nor publication available; placed in rkba archive 9/2/92\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Studies _Prove_ Gun Control Works\" by Richard Reeves, from the\n",
      "Kansas City Star, 9/28/92.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: canada-ban-list\n",
      "\n",
      "A reproduction of a brochure from the Canadian Department of Justice\n",
      "listing newly prohibited and restricted firearms (as of June 1992).\n",
      "\n",
      "Also included is the \"point system\" used to determine if a firearm\n",
      "should be reviewed for possible banning.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: copkiller\n",
      "\n",
      "Lyrics to the rock song \"Cop Killer\" by Ice-T on the album Body Count.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: cva.1\n",
      "\n",
      "A letter from the California Voters Alliance, asking for support in\n",
      "their effort to defeat anti-gun California Assemblyman Terry Friedman,\n",
      "co-author of California's waiting period law for rifles and shotguns. \n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: astrology\n",
      "\n",
      "\"CRIMINOLOGY'S ASTROLOGY: The CDC Approach to Public Health Research\n",
      "on Firearms and Violence\" by PAUL H. BLACKMAN, Ph.D., Institute for\n",
      "Legislative Action, National Rifle Association, 1990\n",
      "\n",
      "A paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of\n",
      "Criminology, Baltimore, Maryland, November 7-10\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: aw-panic\n",
      "\n",
      "The Assault Weapon Panic: \"Political Correctness\" Takes Aim,\n",
      "at the Constitution, by Eric Morgan and David Kopel\n",
      "\n",
      "Published by The Independence Institute, October 10, 1991\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: state-rkba\n",
      "\n",
      "A collection of RKBA provisions from State constitutions.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: too-late\n",
      "\n",
      "Chapter 13 \"But then it was too Late\" of \"THEY THOUGHT THEY WERE\n",
      "FREE: The Germans, 1933 - 1945\", by: Milton Mayer, University of\n",
      "Chicago Press\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: militia-code\n",
      "\n",
      "The legal definition of the militia of the United States of America\n",
      "taken from:\n",
      "\n",
      "United Stated Code (USC), TITLE 10, Section 311 and Section 312.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: legal-mg-crime\n",
      "\n",
      "Report No. 32 of the Firearms Coalition of Silver Spring, MD. 11/29/89\n",
      "by Neal Knox.  Knox reports that a legally registered machine gun was\n",
      "used in a drug hit.  Subsequent reports said charges were dropped for\n",
      "lack of evidence.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hci-cash\n",
      "\n",
      "HCI donation records to US Senators and Congressmen.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: paulreverenet\n",
      "\n",
      "Information about the \"Paul Revere Net\", a network of 2nd Amendment\n",
      "Bulletin Boards\n",
      "\n",
      "The Paul Revere Network (PRN) is a coast-to-coast network of\n",
      "committed grass-roots gun rights activists who rely upon computer\n",
      "bulletin board systems for their primary mode of communication.\n",
      "Leroy Pyle (NRA Director and 27-year San Jose police veteran)\n",
      "is Founder and Director of the PRN.  Based in San Jose, CA,\n",
      "Pyle's BBS (1:143/223) currently hubs all network message\n",
      "traffic.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gun-talk\n",
      "\n",
      "Information about the NRA-ILA Bulletin Board \"Gun Talk\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congressgrades\n",
      "\n",
      "A grading of congressmen based their votes on 1) the Brady Bill\n",
      "(HR7), 2) Staggers (HR1412) and 3) the Volkmer-Sensenbrenner amendment\n",
      "to strike the anti-gun provisions from the house crime bill (HR3371).\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: lawmaster\n",
      "\n",
      "\"FEDS TRASH LAW-ABIDING GUN OWNER'S HOME\", NRA official journal March\n",
      "1992, by Richard E. Gardiner.  Details how the BATF raided the home of\n",
      "Johnny Lawmaster in search of a non-existent unregistered M-16 auto-sear.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: point-blank\n",
      "\n",
      "The concluding chapter to \"Point Blank\" by Gary Kleck.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: purdy-rapsheet\n",
      "\n",
      "Patrick Purdy's criminal record.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: progundocs\n",
      "\n",
      "Statement of purpose and contact information for \"Doctors for Integrity\n",
      "in Research & Public Policy\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: orlando\n",
      "\n",
      "A summary of the effects of the highly publicized Orlando training\n",
      "program in which over 6000 women were trained in basic pistol\n",
      "marksmanship and the law of self-defense.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: form4signoff\n",
      "\n",
      "A letter from Wayne Miller, Chief National Firearms Act Branch of\n",
      "BATF stating that local law enforcement signoff on the ATF Form 4,\n",
      "application for Taxpaid Transfer and Registration of Firearm [i.e.,\n",
      "machine gun], is completely discretionary.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: badlands.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "New Zealand Firearms Control by Robert Badlands.\n",
      "\n",
      "A paper presented at a conference on Gun Control held at Melbourne\n",
      "University-Union Theatre 27-28 August 1988.  The conference was\n",
      "sponsored by the Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: danto.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "Issues Regarding Gun Control in America by Bruce L. Danto\n",
      "\n",
      "A paper was presented at a conference on Gun Control held at Melbourne\n",
      "University-Union Theatre 27-28 August 1988.  The conference was\n",
      "sponsored by the Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: fine.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "Impediments to the Purposeful Reform of (Australian) Firearms Laws by J. D.\n",
      "Fine\n",
      "\n",
      "A paper presented at a conference on Gun Control held at Melbourne\n",
      "University-Union Theatre 27-28 August 1988.  The conference was\n",
      "sponsored by the Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: greenwd.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "Untitled paper by Colin Greenwood\n",
      "\n",
      "A paper presented at a conference on Gun Control held at Melbourne\n",
      "University-Union Theatre 27-28 August 1988.  The conference was\n",
      "sponsored by the Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: kates.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "Gun Control: Recent Research on the American Experience by Don B. Kates,\n",
      "Jr.\n",
      "\n",
      "A paper presented at a conference on Gun Control held at Melbourne\n",
      "University-Union Theatre 27-28 August 1988.  The conference was\n",
      "sponsored by the Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: marsden.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "Gun Control: A Banker's Perspective, by ??? Marsden\n",
      "\n",
      "A paper presented at a conference on Gun Control held at Melbourne\n",
      "University-Union Theatre 27-28 August 1988.  The conference was\n",
      "sponsored by the Sporting Shooters' Association of Australia.\n",
      "\n",
      "Note, this paper is almost impossible to read currently as the original\n",
      "would not scan well.  A more readable copy will be supplied later.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: backdoor\n",
      "\n",
      "Back Door Gun Control by Peter Alan Kasler from the January 1993\n",
      "issue of American Survival Guide magazine.\n",
      "\n",
      "Kasler discusses four examples of innocent people whose firearms\n",
      "are confiscated, and/or charged with a crime when none was committed,\n",
      "as examples of how gun control is implemented in the real world.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: armed-citizen\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The Armed Citizen\" feature from \"The American Rifleman\" and \"The\n",
      "American Hunter\"; these stories show how firearms are indeed useful\n",
      "for self-defense.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: botsford\n",
      "\n",
      "The Case Against Gun Control by David Botsford\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: academia-bias\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Fighting Anti-Gun Bias in Academia -- an article downloaded from the\n",
      "NRA-ILA BBS \"Gun Talk\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: story-of-gun\n",
      "\n",
      "\"The Story of a Gun\" by Erik Larson, from \"The Atlantic\", January 1993.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hcr**\n",
      "\n",
      "Reports to the Firearms Coalition, by Neal Knox.\n",
      "\n",
      "All these files are named hcr then two numbers, e.g., hcr51 for\n",
      "\"Report No. 51 to the Firearms Coalition\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: whose.txt\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Whose Side Are They On ?\"\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Freedom From War: The United States Program For General and Complete\n",
      "Disarmament in a Peaceful World.\" an official publication of the United\n",
      "States of America government.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nccfa\n",
      "\n",
      "Contact information for the \"National Collegiate Coalition for Firearms\n",
      "Awareness\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: canada\n",
      "\n",
      "Some facts about Canadian gun control laws, gun ownership and violent\n",
      "crime.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: time-letter\n",
      "\n",
      "Time magazine's form letter response to criticism of their\n",
      "\"Death By Gun\" issue.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gun-in-school\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Health Objectives for the Nation: Weapon-Carrying Among High School\n",
      "Students -- United States, 1990\" edited by David Dodell, D.M.D.\n",
      "\n",
      "Proposes ways to reduce carrying of firearms by high school students.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: congress-cover\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Congress Covers Itself But Not Public\" by Paul Craig Roberts, printed\n",
      "in the Cleveland Plain Dealer October 2nd, 1992.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hamper\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Restrictions hamper law abiding folks, not criminals.\" by\n",
      "David B. Kopel, printed in the Columbus OH Dispatch, January 16th.\n",
      "\n",
      "Points out how waiting periods can cause a great deal of harm.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: schumer-gripe\n",
      "\n",
      "A \"Washington Post\" letter to the editor by Congessman Charles E. Schumer\n",
      "discussing his bill, H.R. 5633, which requires law enforcement sign-off\n",
      "on FFL applications.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: sof\n",
      "\n",
      "A UPI article on a lawsuit against \"Soldier of Fortune\" which forced\n",
      "them out of business.\n",
      "\n",
      "This article is copyright by UPI, and archived with permission; please\n",
      "respect the re-distribution prohibition.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: fl-stats\n",
      "\n",
      "A summary of CCW permit statistics for the state of Florida, e.g.,\n",
      "the number of permits issued, number revoked, number denied, etc.\n",
      "This proves that people obtaining CCW permits are law abiding\n",
      "citizens and are not wreckless with their firearms.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: knox-on-ruger\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Knox Replies To Comment From Ruger Counsel's\" from\n",
      "The New Gun Week, December 1, 1989.\n",
      "\n",
      "Neal Knox discusses how Sturm, Ruger Inc. are willing to sacrifice the\n",
      "RKBA for the benefit of their business.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: american-blacks\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Gun Control and American Blacks\" by Raymond G. Kessler (pp. 476-478)\n",
      "\n",
      "In the United States, the experience of blacks from slavery \n",
      "through the 1960's was one of the clearest and best-documented \n",
      "examples of the political functions of gun control.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nraction*\n",
      "\n",
      "The NRA-ILAs little known newsletter \"NRAction\"; names will have the\n",
      "month and year at the end, e.g., nraction0291.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: americamilitia\n",
      "\n",
      "\"America's Militia\" by David B. Kopel, appeared in \"Gun World\" magazine\n",
      "December 1992.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hci93agenda\n",
      "\n",
      "The \"Action Agenda for a National Gun Policy\" by HCI.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hci-newsletter\n",
      "\n",
      "The Handgun Control Semi-Annual Progress Report for December 1992.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hattoripetition\n",
      "\n",
      "A petition written by the host family of Japanese exchange student\n",
      "Yoshihiro Hattori, who was killed when he went to the wrong home for\n",
      "a Halloween party:\n",
      "\n",
      "\"To protest the easy availability of firearms in the United States\"\n",
      "\n",
      "which will be presented to President Clinton.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hci-election\n",
      "\n",
      "\"What the Election Means for Our Gun Control Movement\" by Sarah Brady.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: centerwall\n",
      "\n",
      "University of Washington Pyschiatrist Dr. Brandon Centerwall writing\n",
      "in the April 1989 American Journal of Epidemiology says that television \n",
      "exposure is related to half of the homicides in the United States.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: va-outrage\n",
      "\n",
      "\"An Outrage in Virginia\" by Neal Knox.  Describes how BATF used a\n",
      "Virginia gun dealer to general strawman sales and then later \"traced\"\n",
      "those guns back to VA so they could claim 40% of guns they traced\n",
      "came from VA.  When the dealer stopped cooperating they were convicted\n",
      "of conducting strawman sales, one of the owners committed suicide.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: factcard93\n",
      "\n",
      "The 1993 Firearms Fact Card published by the NRA-ILA\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: nejm43\n",
      "\n",
      "A letter to the editor of the Wall Street Journal by Preston Covey\n",
      "on the factoid \"You are 43 times more likely to kill someone you know\n",
      "with a gun than a criminal.\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: gifford\n",
      "\n",
      "An op-ed piece by Dan Gifford which appeared in the March 8 1993 issue\n",
      "of the Cleveland Plain Dealer; it discusses the issue of police abuses\n",
      "and citizen self defense against such abuses.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: reynolds\n",
      "\n",
      "An editorial \"Gun Makers Must Pay the Price\" by Mel Reynolds (D-IL),\n",
      "member US House of Representatives, which appeared in the 02/15/93\n",
      "issue of the Chicago Tribune.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: pozner\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Gun Control\" with Vladamir Pozner (yes, the commie) and Phil Donahue\n",
      "from a Feb. 25 1993 broadcast on CNBC.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: trustpeople\n",
      "\n",
      "CATO Institute Policy Analysis No. 109, July 11, 1988\n",
      "\"TRUST THE PEOPLE: THE CASE AGAINST GUN CONTROL,\" by David B. Kopel\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: bitterprice\n",
      "\n",
      "The British Shooter Pays A Bitter Price, by Keith G. N. Nicholson\n",
      "from the American Rifleman, March 1993.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: batman\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Cartoon Campaign for Gun Control\" from the March 8th 1993 issue\n",
      "of \"New American\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: batfss\n",
      "\n",
      "\"Waco Shootout Evokes Memory of Warsaw '43\" from the Wall Street\n",
      "Journal, Monday, March 15, 1993\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: academics\n",
      "\n",
      "Contact information for \"Academics for the Second Amendment\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: propaganda\n",
      "\n",
      "Anti-Gun-Ownership Propaganda, by Doan Boal in the March, '92 issue\n",
      "of Survival Guide.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: media-fairness\n",
      "\n",
      "Media Fairness Action Plan Is Continuing, by James H. Warner, NRA Ass't\n",
      "General Counsel, from American Rifleman, March 1993, page 54.\n",
      "\n",
      "This describes the FCC's \"personal attack\" rule and how the NRA may\n",
      "take advantage of this rule against broadcasters who attack the NRA.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: artconf\n",
      "\n",
      "ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, Proposed by Congress November 15, 1777,\n",
      "Ratified and effective March 1, 1781\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: pending-bills\n",
      "\n",
      "A list of the currently pending gun control bills in the US Seante and\n",
      "House of Representatives.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: noduty\n",
      "\n",
      "Self-Reliance For Self-Defense -- Police Protection Isn't Enough!\n",
      "by Peter Kasler\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: leftout\n",
      "\n",
      "The Second Amendment: A Right Left Out, by Doctor Linda Karen Miller\n",
      "appearing in The American Rifleman, February 1993, p. 33.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: copsnguns\n",
      "\n",
      "WHAT COPS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE GUN ISSUE! by Leroy Pyle,\n",
      "from the May 1992 issue of Guns&Ammo.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: crossfire\n",
      "\n",
      "A transcript of the Wednesday, March 3 1993 edition of the CNN\n",
      "show CROSSFIRE.  The participants are Michael Kinsley, John Sununu,\n",
      "Rep. Charles Schumer (D-NY) Criminal Justice Subcmte.,\n",
      "and J.F. = Rep. Jack Fields (R-TX) \n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: naziconnection\n",
      "\n",
      "The WAR ON GUN OWNERSHIP STILL GOES ON! -- GUN CONTROL'S NAZI CONNECTION!\n",
      "by Craig Peterson from the May 1993 issue of Guns & Ammo.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: armedcriminal\n",
      "\n",
      "The Armed Criminal in America, by James Wright, 1986.  A Research in\n",
      "Brief published by the National Institute of Justice.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: bigotry\n",
      "\n",
      "\"BIGOTRY, SYMBOLISM AND IDEOLOGY IN THE BATTLE OVER GUN CONTROL\" by\n",
      "Don Kates, from the 1992 \"Public Interest Law Review\"\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: flmurd.ps\n",
      "File: gamurd.ps\n",
      "File: idmurd.ps\n",
      "File: mtmurd.ps\n",
      "File: nodiscr.ps\n",
      "File: ormurd.ps\n",
      "File: pamurd.ps\n",
      "File: philmurd.ps\n",
      "File: utmurd.ps\n",
      "File: vamurd.ps\n",
      "File: wamurd.ps\n",
      "File: wvmurd.ps\n",
      "\n",
      "CCW laws and murder rates in several states, by Clayton Cramer.  These\n",
      "are all PostScript files and require the use of PostScript printer to\n",
      "print.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: hammer\n",
      "\n",
      "Marion Hammer on the Failure of Gun Control, downloaded from Gun Talk.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: threechiefs\n",
      "\n",
      "The views of Police Chiefs Daryl Gates (LA), Lee Brown (NYC), LeRoy Martin\n",
      "(Chicago) on gun control and other civil rights.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "\n",
      "RKBA archive: general information and anonymous ftp instructions.\n",
      "\n",
      "The moderator of the firearms-politics mailing list, Karl Kleinpaste,\n",
      "has agreed to set up an anonymous ftp archive directory for RKBA\n",
      "related information.  This directory can be used for things like\n",
      "articles by Kates, Wright, Tonso, Levinson, Supreme Court Decisions,\n",
      "the RIA vs US decision, copies of legislation, and so on.  It's not\n",
      "meant to be for the discussions that normally appear here.\n",
      "\n",
      "So, in the future if you're looking for something check there first\n",
      "and then ask here.\n",
      "\n",
      "Instructions:\n",
      "\n",
      "Short version for techies:\n",
      "\n",
      "The site is godiva.nectar.cs.cmu.edu.  Place contributions into the\n",
      "directory /usr0/anon/pub/firearms/politics/rkba.  The ftp commands\n",
      "get, put, mget, or mput should work.  Give the command \"type binary\"\n",
      "to be sure files are transferred correctly.  Your files will be moved\n",
      "to the rkba directory.  To get a file use the commands get or mget.\n",
      "\n",
      "I will maintain an index which you should get first to check if\n",
      "the file you want to read or write already is archived.\n",
      "\n",
      "Long version for non-techies:\n",
      "\n",
      "In order for you to use this archive your computer must be on\n",
      "the Internet.  To connect to the archive site run the command:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tftp godiva.nectar.cs.cmu.edu\n",
      "\n",
      "If that doesn't work you cannot use this archive.  If the ftp\n",
      "command is successful you'll get this prompt asking you for a\n",
      "login:\n",
      "\tName (godiva.nectar.cs.cmu.edu:lvc):\n",
      "\n",
      "Instead of lvc your initials will appear.  Answer this prompt with:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tftp\n",
      "\n",
      "Next you'll get this prompt asking your for your e-mail address:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tGuest login ok, send e-mail address as password:\n",
      "\n",
      "I would enter:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tl.v.cipriani@att.com\n",
      "\n",
      "You'll enter your own e-mail address.  You'll get these lines\n",
      "or similar as output:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tRemote system is UNIX.\n",
      "\tUsing binary mode to transfer files.\n",
      "\n",
      "Next, the command prompt is printed:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tftp> \n",
      "\n",
      "If you do not get the line \"Using binary mode to transfer files.\"\n",
      "Run the command:\n",
      "\n",
      "\ttype binary\n",
      "\n",
      "Now you're logged in to the archive machine.  There are many\n",
      "directories on this machine  but the two you are concerned with are\n",
      "\n",
      "\t/usr0/anon/pub/firearms/politics/rkba\n",
      "and\n",
      "\t/usr0/anon/pub/firearms/politics/incoming\n",
      "\n",
      "There are subdirectories to the rkba directory, those are discussed below.\n",
      "\n",
      "When you login to the system your directory is /usr0/anon.  To retreive\n",
      "files change your current directory to the rkba directory with the command:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tcd /usr0/anon/pub/firearms/politics/rkba\n",
      "or\n",
      "\tcd pub/firearms/politics/rkba\n",
      "\n",
      "To submit files change your directory to the incoming directory with\n",
      "the command:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tcd /usr0/anon/pub/firearms/politics/incoming\n",
      "or\n",
      "\tcd pub/firearms/politics/incoming\n",
      "\n",
      "Once you do this you'll get another ftp> prompt asking you to enter\n",
      "another command.\n",
      "\n",
      "To find the names of the existing files in the directory you are\n",
      "in run the command:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tls -l\n",
      "\n",
      "This will produce something like:\n",
      "\n",
      "total 6021\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl          6932 Jun 16  1992 DMN_Gratia_CCP\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl         69149 Apr  5 19:20 INDEX\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl         18965 Jun 16  1992 Knox_AW_lies\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl         10930 Apr 30  1992 S361\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl          8958 Jun 16  1992 WSJ_Crimestrike\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl          2649 Jan 13 18:33 academia-bias\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl           935 Mar 22 22:38 academics\n",
      "-r--r--r--  1 karl         36079 Aug  4  1992 aclu\n",
      "... and so on ...\n",
      "\n",
      "Each line corresponds to one file.  Reading right to left, the fields\n",
      "are the file name, the last modification date of the file, the size of\n",
      "the file in bytes, and some permission fields which you do not need\n",
      "to be concerned with.\n",
      "\n",
      "To get a file run the command \"get\" followed by the name of the file\n",
      "you want, for example:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tget INDEX\n",
      "or\n",
      "\tget noduty\n",
      "\n",
      "After the file is transfered to your machine a message like this:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tTransfer complete.\n",
      "\t19580 bytes received in 5 seconds (4 Kbytes/s)\n",
      "\n",
      "You can repeat the get command for every file you want to retreive.\n",
      "You can use the mget command to retreive multiple files.  If the\n",
      "file you want is in a subdirectory, for example, congress/103rd/HR1025\n",
      "you should change your directory to the appropriate subdirectory first\n",
      "and then retrieve it:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tcd congress/103rd\n",
      "\tget HR1025\n",
      "\n",
      "Once you're finished you can log off with the command:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tquit\n",
      "\n",
      "If you have a file you want to contribute the procedure is a little\n",
      "different.  First of all you should find out if the file already\n",
      "exists, so get a copy of the index file with the procedure above\n",
      "and look it over to make sure you wouldn't repeat an entry.  The\n",
      "index will have a description of each of the files in the rkba\n",
      "directory.  For example:\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "File: whitemanslaw\n",
      "\n",
      "White Man's Law by William R. Tonso, from the December 1985\n",
      "Reason magazine\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "\n",
      "Once you've determined you won't be duplicating an entry, login\n",
      "and change to the incoming directory command (see above).  Once\n",
      "you are in the incoming directory use the command:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tput file_name\n",
      "\n",
      "In this case:\n",
      "\n",
      "\tput whitemanslaw\n",
      "\n",
      "Again there'll be a \"Transfer complete, so many bytes transfered\n",
      "in so many seconds\" message.  Now your file is on the archive\n",
      "machine.\n",
      "\n",
      "Another thing to watch out for is duplicate file /names/.  Be sure\n",
      "there isn't a file in the incoming directory that is called the same\n",
      "as the file you want to write.  If you use the same name you'll\n",
      "overwrite the previous file [or you'll get an error message].\n",
      "\n",
      "Your file may have to be renamed if there is a conflict with a\n",
      "file by the same name in the rkba directory.\n",
      "\n",
      "Once your file is in the incoming directory send me an entry for\n",
      "the INDEX file and I will add it to the file.\n",
      "\n",
      "If you cannot use anonymous ftp and would still like to contribute\n",
      "a file email the file to me and I'll take care of the rest.\n",
      "\n",
      "If you submit a file and do not notify me it may be removed, so\n",
      "be sure to let me know first.\n",
      "\n",
      "If you have any questions feel free to ask me.\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "-- \n",
      "Larry Cipriani -- l.v.cipriani@att.com\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "thanks: 2\n",
      "help: 2\n",
      "help: 2\n",
      "improvement: 2\n",
      "please: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "restricted: -2\n",
      "capable: 1\n",
      "accepting: 1\n",
      "mandatory: -1\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "grants: 1\n",
      "impose: -1\n",
      "trust: 1\n",
      "impose: -1\n",
      "violent: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "protect: 1\n",
      "swift: 2\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "criminals: -3\n",
      "violent: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "illegal: -3\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "safe: 1\n",
      "deny: -2\n",
      "grant: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "expand: 1\n",
      "impose: -1\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "failure: -2\n",
      "loss: -3\n",
      "trust: 1\n",
      "victims: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "violent: -3\n",
      "felony: -3\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "safety: 1\n",
      "risk: -2\n",
      "injury: -2\n",
      "exempt: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "damages: -3\n",
      "damages: -3\n",
      "increase: 1\n",
      "care: 2\n",
      "victims: -3\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "free: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "free: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "battle: -1\n",
      "die: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "murderer: -2\n",
      "murders: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "hardy: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "treason: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "treason: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "authority: 1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "problems: -2\n",
      "safe: 1\n",
      "free: 1\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "shy: -1\n",
      "racist: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "racist: -3\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "illegal: -3\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "threaten: -2\n",
      "safety: 1\n",
      "safe: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "fascinating: 3\n",
      "haunt: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "criminals: -3\n",
      "exposes: -1\n",
      "fraudulent: -4\n",
      "positive: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "criminals: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "criminals: -3\n",
      "violence: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "violence: -3\n",
      "problem: -2\n",
      "problem: -2\n",
      "prevent: -1\n",
      "violence: -3\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "propaganda: -2\n",
      "exposes: -1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "killing: -3\n",
      "suicide: -2\n",
      "mercy: 2\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "gray: -1\n",
      "mercy: 2\n",
      "suicide: -2\n",
      "suicide: -2\n",
      "suicide: -2\n",
      "suicide: -2\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "gray: -1\n",
      "integrity: 2\n",
      "integrity: 2\n",
      "accidental: -2\n",
      "accidental: -2\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "death: -2\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "violent: -3\n",
      "abuse: -3\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "good: 3\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "good: 3\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "big: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "big: 1\n",
      "threat: -2\n",
      "determined: 2\n",
      "approved: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "hate: -3\n",
      "devoted: 3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "prevent: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "threat: -2\n",
      "safety: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "exploiting: -2\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "bias: -1\n",
      "good: 3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "violence: -3\n",
      "good: 3\n",
      "challenge: -1\n",
      "responsible: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "determined: 2\n",
      "support: 2\n",
      "agreed: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "propaganda: -2\n",
      "ban: -2\n",
      "support: 2\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "protected: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "murder: -2\n",
      "support: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "fair: 2\n",
      "fair: 2\n",
      "true: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "protect: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "murder: -2\n",
      "averted: -1\n",
      "importance: 2\n",
      "murders: -2\n",
      "support: 2\n",
      "advantages: 2\n",
      "problems: -2\n",
      "support: 2\n",
      "strike: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "ethical: 2\n",
      "risks: -2\n",
      "bias: -1\n",
      "bias: -1\n",
      "accidental: -2\n",
      "fatalities: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "important: 2\n",
      "lobbying: -2\n",
      "pay: -1\n",
      "promised: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "victims: -3\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "victims: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "injury: -2\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "ban: -2\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "violence: -3\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "ban: -2\n",
      "support: 2\n",
      "alarmist: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "alarmist: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "save: 2\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "ban: -2\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "restricted: -2\n",
      "support: 2\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "violence: -3\n",
      "panic: -3\n",
      "panic: -3\n",
      "free: 1\n",
      "legal: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "legal: 1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "legally: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "charges: -2\n",
      "lack: -2\n",
      "committed: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "strike: -1\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "integrity: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "fine: 2\n",
      "fine: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "charged: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "committed: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "useful: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "bias: -1\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "bias: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "freedom: 2\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "peaceful: 2\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "violent: -3\n",
      "crime: -3\n",
      "criticism: -2\n",
      "death: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "criminals: -3\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "harm: -2\n",
      "lawsuit: -2\n",
      "forced: -1\n",
      "please: 1\n",
      "denied: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "benefit: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "slavery: -3\n",
      "best: 3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "progress: 2\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "protest: -2\n",
      "easy: 1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "united: 1\n",
      "outrage: -3\n",
      "outrage: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "committed: 1\n",
      "suicide: -2\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "abuses: -3\n",
      "abuses: -3\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "pay: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "yes: 1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "trust: 1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "bitter: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "propaganda: -2\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "propaganda: -2\n",
      "ass: -4\n",
      "attack: -1\n",
      "advantage: 2\n",
      "attack: -1\n",
      "ratified: 2\n",
      "effective: 2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "criminal: -3\n",
      "justice: 2\n",
      "battle: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "interest: 1\n",
      "murder: -2\n",
      "failure: -2\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "gun: -1\n",
      "agreed: 1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "successful: 3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "bias: -1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "determined: 2\n",
      "won: 3\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "error: -2\n",
      "conflict: -2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "care: 2\n",
      "free: 1\n",
      "-266\n",
      "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Accounts of Anti-Armenian Human Rights Violations in Azerbaijan #007\n",
      "                 Prelude to Current Events in Nagorno-Karabakh\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      " +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n",
      " |                                                                          |\n",
      " | They grab Papa, carry him into one room, and Mamma and me into another.  |\n",
      " | They put Mamma on the bed and start undressing her, beating her legs.    |\n",
      " | They start tearing my clothes, right there, in front of Mamma. I don't   |\n",
      " | remember where they went, what they did, or how much time passed. I had  |\n",
      " | the feeling that they beat me on the head, on my body, and tore my       |\n",
      " | clothes, all at the same time, I don't even know what I said. The        |\n",
      " | atrocities started. I was savagely raped in that room. They argued among |\n",
      " | themselves who would go first.                                           |\n",
      " |                                                                          |\n",
      " +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "DEPOSITION OF KARINE (KARINA) GRIGOREVNA M. [1]\n",
      "\n",
      "Born 1964\n",
      "Secretary-Typist\n",
      "Azsantekmontazh Trust\n",
      "Sumgait Construction and Installation Administration\n",
      "Secretary of the SMU Komsomol Organization\n",
      "\n",
      "Resident at Building 17/33B, Apartment 15\n",
      "Microdistrict No. 3\n",
      "Sumgait [Azerbaijan]\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "On the 27th my sister Marina and I went to the movies the seven o'clock show,\n",
      "at the theater that is across from the City Party Committee, about 50 yards \n",
      "away. The SK theater. They were showing an Argentinian film, \"The Abyss.\" \n",
      "Before the film we noticed about 60 to 70 people standing near the podium at \n",
      "the City Party Committee, but they were silent, there's no conversation \n",
      "whatsoever, and we couldn't figure out what was going on. That is, we knew it \n",
      "was about Karabagh, but what it was exactly, what they were talking about, if \n",
      "someone gave a speech or not, we didn't know. We bought our tickets. There \n",
      "were 30 or 40 people in the theater. This was a very small number for that \n",
      "large movie theater. The film started. About 30 minutes later they stopped the\n",
      "film. A crowd burst in. About 60 people. They came up onto the stage. Well \n",
      "mostly they were young people, from 16 to 23 years old. They demanded that an \n",
      "Armenian woman come up onto the stage. They used foul language and said that \n",
      "they were going to show what Azerbaijanis were capable of, what they could do \n",
      "to Armenian girls. I thought that's what they meant because they had demanded \n",
      "a girl specifically. Marina and I were sitting together. I told her to move \n",
      "over, there were some Russian girls sitting nearby. So that if someone \n",
      "recognized me or if something happened, they would take me, and not Marina. \n",
      "It got quiet, 2 or 3 girls jumped up to run out, but the door was closed--it's\n",
      "only opened at the end of the   show--and they returned to their seats. \n",
      "Everyone in the theater was looking at one another, Russians, Azerbaijanis, \n",
      "people of various nationalities. But no one reacted at all, no one in the \n",
      "auditorium made a sound. They were silent, looking at one another, and \n",
      "gradually started to leave. Some guy, a really fat one, says, \"OK, we've \n",
      "scared them enough, let's leave.\" They leave slowly, pompously. It seemed to \n",
      "me that those people were not themselves. Either they had smoked a bunch of \n",
      "\"anasha\", or had taken something else, because they all looked beastly, like \n",
      "they were ready to tear anyone apart. Then it was all over, as though nothing \n",
      "had happened at all. The film started up again, it was one of those cheerful \n",
      "films which should have only brought pleasure, made you happy to be alive. We \n",
      "could barely sit to the end. So it had started at seven it was over by nine, \n",
      "and it was dark . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "Marina and I were walking home, Lenin Street, that's the center of town. Lenin\n",
      "Street was packed, just packed with young people. They were shouting, \n",
      "something about Karabagh and something about Armenians. We weren't especially \n",
      "listening, because the way we were feeling we didn't know if we were going to \n",
      "make it home or not, and just what had happened anyway? Public transportation \n",
      "wasn't running. Incidentally, when we came out of the theater we saw police, \n",
      "policemen standing there. The director of the movie theater was looking at the\n",
      "doors, because when they were leaving they had broken the glass, the doors \n",
      "there are basically all glass. Everything was broken. He stood there grief-\n",
      "stricken, but looking as though nothing really big had happened, like some \n",
      "naughty boys had just broken them quite by accident, with a slingshot. Well, \n",
      "since he looked more or less calm I decided that, nothing all that super \n",
      "serious had happened. We went out very slowly; we wanted to catch a bus, we \n",
      "live literally one stop away. We didn't want to go on foot, not because it was\n",
      "dark, but because something might happen. We flagged down a cab, but the \n",
      "driver didn't want to take us. We told him we live near the bus station, and \n",
      "he said he'd take us to the bus station and not a yard farther. I said, well, \n",
      "OK . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "So we got into the cab and managed to get there. Something incredible was \n",
      "happening at the bus station. There was a traffic jam. Public transportation \n",
      "was at a standstill and everyone was shouting \"Ka-ra-bagh,\" they're not going \n",
      "to give up Karabagh. I go home and tell my family what's going on, and there's\n",
      "immediate panic in the house. Mamma says, what should we do? Like the end had \n",
      "come, they were going to come, kill us, that's it . . . Somehow we managed to \n",
      "cheer ourselves up: Nothing that bad could happen. Where are we living anyway,\n",
      "just what kind of social order do we have? Somehow we manage to calm Mamma \n",
      "down. And we went to bed. But no one could sleep. Everyone made as though \n",
      "nothing had happened.\n",
      "\n",
      "That was on Saturday. In short, the day went by. We didn't go anywhere and \n",
      "didn't call our relatives. No one did anything. Because . . . life goes on.\n",
      "That day I realized something was approaching, but what exactly, I couldn't\n",
      "guess.\n",
      "\n",
      "On the 28th everything was like it was supposed to be, we lived like we always\n",
      "had. There were five of us at home: Mamma, Papa and us, three sisters: Lyuda, \n",
      "Marina, and I. My sister Lyuda was in Yerevan at the time. We sat at home and \n",
      "no one went out. Later we learned that a demonstration had started that \n",
      "morning. It all started . . . They were smashing up stores. We were sitting at\n",
      "home and didn't know anything about it. Then a girlfriend of mine, Lyuda \n",
      "Zimogliad, came by at around three o'clock I think. We worked together, we did\n",
      "our apprenticeships together, she's a Russian girl. She said that something\n",
      "awful was happening in town. I asked, \"Don't they want Armenians? Well what \n",
      "are they after, if they're already in that state?\" She says, no, nothing like \n",
      "that, it's just a demonstration, but it's awful to watch it. Somehow, it feels\n",
      "like a war has broken out. Public transportation has been stopped . . . The \n",
      "cabs, the buses, well it's just a nightmare.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then Papa decides to go to the drugstore, my mother was having allergy \n",
      "problems at the time . . . He left the house and our neighbor, Aunt Vera,\n",
      "asked him, \"Where are you going? Stop! There are such terrible things going\n",
      "on in the courtyard; aren't you afraid to go out?\" Papa didn't know what she\n",
      "was talking about. She simply pushed him back into the entryway. He came home \n",
      "and told Mamma. Mamma said, \"Well, if Aunt Vera was talking like that it means\n",
      "that something is really going on.\" But we didn't go see her, she's a Russian,\n",
      "she lives across from us. I had to see my friend out. Around five o'clock I \n",
      "tell Lyuda, \"Ok, look, it's time for you to go, it's late already, I'll see \n",
      "you out.\" Mamma says, \"You don't need to go, it's too late already, you can \n",
      "see what the situation in town is.\" So we decided to stay home. Dinner was \n",
      "ready. Mamma says, \"Let her eat with us, then she can go.\" We sat down at the \n",
      "table. But no one was hungry, no one was in the mood, we just put everything \n",
      "out on the table to calm ourselves down, and make it appear that we're eating.\n",
      "We turned on the television, and the show \"In Fairy-Tale Land\" was coming on. \n",
      "We cleared the table.\n",
      "\n",
      "We hear some noise out in the courtyard. I go out on the balcony, but I can't \n",
      "see what's going on, because the noise is coming from the direction of the bus\n",
      "station, and there is a 9-story building in the way. There is mob of people \n",
      ". . . I can't figure out what's happening. They're shouting something, looking\n",
      "somewhere, I can't make out what is going on. I go down to a neighbor, she's \n",
      "an Azerbaijani; we've been friends of her family for about 25 years. I go down\n",
      "to look from their place. I see people shouting, looking at the 5-and 9-story \n",
      "buildings near the bus station. Just then soldiers set upon them, about 20 \n",
      "people, with clubs. The mob runs off in different directions. I even see \n",
      "several people from our building. They are looking and laughing . . . I decide\n",
      "that means it's not all that bad if they are laughing: it means they're not \n",
      "killing anyone. But now the crowd suddenly dashes toward the soldiers. One of \n",
      "the soldiers cannot manage to get away, they start stomping on him with their \n",
      "feet, everyone's kicking him . . . I become ill and go home, and explain in \n",
      "general terms that horrible things are going on out there . . .  can't speak\n",
      ". . . Well, they've probably killed that soldier, the way that crowd is . . .\n",
      "If each of them kicked him just once . . . They took his club away from him\n",
      "and started to beat him with it. But it was far away and I couldn't see if he\n",
      "got up and left or not.\n",
      "\n",
      "I become terrified and go home and say, \"Lyuda, don't go anywhere, stay at our\n",
      "place, because if you go out they could kill you or . . . \" Then the crowd \n",
      "runs over closer toward our building and stands at the 12-story building and \n",
      "starts shouting something. We go out onto the balcony. All of our neighbors \n",
      "are also out on theirs, too. Everyone is standing, staring. The mob is \n",
      "shouting and about 5 minutes later comes running toward our building. As it \n",
      "turns out, at the 12-story building the Azerbaijani neighbors went down and \n",
      "kept them from coming in. There's only one entryway there, they could stop \n",
      "them.\n",
      "\n",
      "They all run up to our building. Mamma immediately starts closing the windows,\n",
      "afraid that they might throw stones. They have stones and they break the \n",
      "windows, all of them. There are very many people. We have a large courtyard, \n",
      "and it's packed with people. They spill up to the first floor so they don't \n",
      "crush each other. They crawl up on trees, posts, and garages. It's just a huge\n",
      "cloud of people. They break and burn the motorcycle of the Armenian Sergey \n",
      "Sargisian, from our building. We close the windows and immediately hear \n",
      "tramping in our entryway. They come up to our fifth floor with a tremendous \n",
      "din and roar. It's incomprehensible. Mamma told me later that they were \n",
      "shouting Father's name, \"Grisha, open the door, we've come to kill you!,\" or\n",
      "something like that. I don't remember that, I was spaced out, kind of. Mamma \n",
      "says, \"Into the bedroom, quickly!\" In the bedroom we have two tall beds, part \n",
      "of our dowry; Mamma says, \"Hide there, they probably won't come in there, \n",
      "they'll ask something, say something, and leave.\" She says, \"We'll tell them \n",
      "that we live alone here.\" I can't imagine that my parents will stand out in \n",
      "the hall alone talking with some sort of beasts . . . I go to them and say \n",
      "that I'll stand together with them, I'll talk with them if they come, maybe I \n",
      "can find a common language with them, all the more so if they know me: I speak \n",
      "Azerbaijani more or less, and I can find out what they want. I told Marina and\n",
      "Lyuda to hide under the bed, and my sister Lyuda, I can't remember if I told \n",
      "her anything or not.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then . . . they open the door: it's like they blew on it and it broke and fell\n",
      "right into the hall. The crows bursts in and starts to shout: Get out of here,\n",
      "leave, vacate the apartment and go back to your Armenia; things like that. I\n",
      "tell them, \"What has happened, speak calmly. One of you, tell me, calmly, what\n",
      "has happened.\" In Azerbaijani, they say, \"Get out of the apartment, leave.\" I \n",
      "say, \"OK. Go downstairs. We'll gather everything we need and leave the \n",
      "apartment.\" I realize that it is senseless to discuss any sort of rights with\n",
      "them, these are animals. They must be stopped. The ones standing in the\n",
      "doorway, the young guys, say, \"There are old people and one girl with them.\n",
      "Too bad!\" They take two or three steps back. It seems as though I have\n",
      "pacified them with our exchange. Then someone in the courtyard shouts, \n",
      "commanding them: \"Don't you understand what you are saying? Kill them?\"\n",
      "\n",
      "And that was it! That was all it took. They grab Papa, carry him into one\n",
      "room, and Mamma and me into another. They put Mamma on the bed and start \n",
      "undressing her, beating her legs. They start tearing my clothes, right there, \n",
      "in front of Mamma. I don't remember where they went, what they did, or how \n",
      "much time passed. I had the feeling that they beat me on the head, on my body,\n",
      "and tore my clothes, all at the same time, I don't even know what I said. The \n",
      "atrocities started. I was savagely raped in that room. They argued among \n",
      "themselves who would go first.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later, I remember, I came to. I don't know if I'm dead or alive. Someone comes\n",
      "in, someone tall, I think, clean-shaven, in an Eskimo dogskin coat, balding. \n",
      "He looks around at what's happening. At that instant everything stops. It \n",
      "seems to me that he is either their commander or . . . that somehow everything\n",
      "depends on him. He looks and says, \"Well, we're done here.\" They are beating\n",
      "Mamma on the head. They break up the chairs and beat her with the chair legs \n",
      ". . . She loses consciousness, and they decide that she's dead. Papa . . . was\n",
      "out cold. They want to throw Lyuda off the balcony, but they can't get the \n",
      "window open. Apparently the window frames are stuck after the rain and the \n",
      "windows can't be opened. They leave her next to the window. She was thinking \n",
      "about being thrown out the window and passed out. She's not a real strong \n",
      "person anyway . . . He looks at me and sees that I'm saying something, that\n",
      "I'm still twitching. Well, I start saying the opposite of what I should be, \n",
      "which is humbling myself and pleading. I start shouting, cursing . . . they \n",
      "don't get any entreaty out of me. I  already know that I'm dead, why would I \n",
      "humble myself before anyone? And he says that if that's what I think, since my\n",
      "tongue is so long . . . maybe he thinks that I still look quite appealing \n",
      ". . . In short, he commands that I be taken outside.\n",
      "\n",
      "I no longer saw or remembered what was happening to Marina and Lyuda, I don't \n",
      "know if they are alive or not. They take me outside. They are dragging me by \n",
      "my arms, by my legs. They are hitting me against the wall, the railings, \n",
      "something metal . . . While they are carrying me someone is biting me, someone\n",
      "else is pinching me . . .I don't even know. I think, my God, when will death \n",
      "come? If only it were sooner . . . Then . . . they carry me out, throw me near\n",
      "the entryway . . . and start kicking me. I lose consciousness . . . What \n",
      "happened after that, how many people there were, I don't remember.\n",
      " \n",
      "I come to after a while, I don't remember how long. A neighbor is bringing me \n",
      "clothing. I'm entirely covered with blood, she puts a dress on me. I remember \n",
      "that I said the same words over and over again: \"Mamma, what happened, Mamma, \n",
      "what have they done to us, where are we, whose house are we at?\" I can't make \n",
      "sense out of anything. There is a guy standing over me, I sort of know him, he\n",
      "served in Afghanistan, his name is Igor, he brought me indoors. When they all \n",
      "went to the third entryway and killed a person there, Igor gathered his \n",
      "courage, took me into his arms, and brought me to the neighbors', even though \n",
      "he's small-minded, he put himself at risk. Igor Agayev is Azerbaijani; he \n",
      "served in Afghanistan. There are three brothers. The older brother also served\n",
      "there, I think; now he's stationed here, on the border, in Armenia. Igor \n",
      "brought me to the neighbors', and then helped me come to my senses, saying, \n",
      "\"Karina, I know you, calm down, I'm not one of them.\" How do I know who's who \n",
      "and what's what? I come to, and they clean me up. I was covered in blood. Then\n",
      "Papa . . . I saw Papa, I saw Mamma. And Marina, too . . . Igor was there when \n",
      "they dragged Marina and Lyuda out from under the bed . . . Marina . . . Lyuda \n",
      "said that she was Russian, they said, we'll let you go, we aren't touching the\n",
      "Russians, go. And while they are dragging Marina out she decides she's going \n",
      "to tell them she's Azerbaijani. Igor immediately grabs Marina's and Lyuda's \n",
      "hands, because he knows Marina, and knows that she is Armenian and is our \n",
      "sister, and takes her to the second floor to a neighbor's and starts pounding \n",
      "on the door so she will open up. She opens the door and Igor pushes them in \n",
      "there. So they survived.\n",
      "\n",
      "My sister Lyuda lost consciousness after the bandits started stealing things.\n",
      "While they were going downstairs, taking things downstairs, then coming back \n",
      "up again, Lyuda seized the opportunity and crawled under the bed and stayed \n",
      "there. Then, when she was herself again, she found a torn night shirt and put \n",
      "it on, and some sort of robe and went to a neighbor's on the fourth floor, the\n",
      "one whose apartment I had watched the crowd from, the friend of ours, and \n",
      "knocked on the door. The neighbor opened and said, \"I'm not going to let you \n",
      "in the apartment because I'm afraid of them. But I'll give you some stockings \n",
      "and we'll leave the building.\" Lyuda says, \"I'll stay at your place because of\n",
      "what's going on, they keep going up and down the stairs.\" It was just for a \n",
      "moment, just a moment in life, but the neighbor wouldn't consent. Lyuda came \n",
      "back to our place and lay under the bed . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "I came to. Mother was there. I can't remember my supervisor's telephone \n",
      "number, but something had to be done. Somehow I remembered and called, and he \n",
      "came to get us. He didn't have any idea what was going on. He thought we were \n",
      "simply afraid, he didn't know that they were killing us and that we had passed\n",
      "between life and death. He came and got us and took us to the police precinct.\n",
      "There they looked us over. I was having trouble walking, my lungs hurt badly, \n",
      "it was hard to breathe . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "My supervisor's name is Urshan Feyruzovich Mamedov. He's the head of our \n",
      "administration. They took us there. When we were leaving, I saw a great number\n",
      "of buses full of soldiers at the entrance to town. The buses were ordinary \n",
      "passenger buses. There were very many soldiers. We left around eleven, right \n",
      "after eleven. If these people could stop what was happening they could save a \n",
      "great many lives . . . Because the crowd was moving on, toward the school, and\n",
      "what was going on there . . . I think everyone know not only in Sumgait, not \n",
      "only in Yerevan. Because there they murdered them all one after the next, \n",
      "without stopping. After us.\n",
      "\n",
      "I think 14 people died in Microdistrict No. 3, and 10 to 12 of them were from\n",
      "Buildings 4, 5, and 6. In our building one person died, and one old woman died\n",
      "from Building 16, that's the building in front of ours. There young \n",
      "Azerbaijani men stopped the mob and wouldn't let it into their building. \n",
      "Incidentally, when we were at the neighbors', Marina called our relatives\n",
      "to warn them, so they would all know what was happening. I called a aunt in \n",
      "Microdistrict No. 5. They have three neighbors who are Armenians. I said, \"Run\n",
      "quickly, I can't explain what's going on; hide, do what you can, just stay\n",
      "alive. Hide at Azerbaijanis', ones who won't give you away.\" At that moment \n",
      "three people came in, policemen. I think they were Azerbaijanis. I was in such\n",
      "awful condition, my face was completely distorted my lips were puffed up, \n",
      "there was blood, my eye was swollen, no one thought I would ever see anything \n",
      "out of that eye again . . . my forehead was badly cut, and one-half of my face\n",
      "was pushed out forward. No one would have thought that I would survive, get my\n",
      "normal appearance back, and be able to grasp anything at all. I started to \n",
      "scream at those people, why did you come, who sent you here, no one wants you \n",
      "here, haven't you killed people people yet, what are you doing here? One of \n",
      "the soldiers said, \"Don't scream at us. We're Muslims, but we're not from the \n",
      "Sumgait police. They called in from Daghestan.\" So at that point the \n",
      "Daghestan police were there.\n",
      "\n",
      "When we got to the police precinct there were an awful lot of police there,\n",
      "there were soldiers, police with dogs, ambulances, firemen . . . I don't know,\n",
      "maybe they were waiting for people to bring them the goners and the seriously \n",
      "injured to treat them there in the police precinct. I don't know what they \n",
      "were there for. There were also doctors from Baku there. They examined Lyuda \n",
      "and me and said, \"These women need to go to the Maternity Home, but we don't \n",
      "know what to do with the rest.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "So they took us, and I lost contact with my parents, my boss, everyone. My \n",
      "boss said, \"Don't worry, I'll find you, no matter where you are, no matter\n",
      "what happens.\" We went to the hospital. There we were examined by a department\n",
      "head from the Sumgait Maternity Home, Pashayeva, I think her name was. She \n",
      "examined us. The ambulance was from Baku; I figured out that the Sumgait \n",
      "ambulances hadn't done anything, they didn't respond to any calls. People \n",
      "called and neither the police nor the ambulances showed any sign of life.\n",
      "\n",
      "That doctor looked me over and I could tell from her behavior that something\n",
      "very good had happened, for she became quite glad. I even thought to myself, \n",
      "\"God, can it be that nothing all that bad is wrong?\" She looks me over and \n",
      "says, \"Now why are you suffering so? You don't know what your people have been\n",
      "doing, your people did even worse things.\" And I think, great, I have to deal \n",
      "with her . . . And I felt so bad, I thought, why don't I just die so as not to\n",
      "have to hear more stuff like this from people like her? Here I am in this \n",
      "condition and being told about something that our people did. I just didn't \n",
      "have the energy to say, \"How could our people possibly be smart enough to \n",
      "think of something that yours haven't already done?\" I stayed there. Then they\n",
      "brought in another woman, Ira B., she was married, and she was raped in her \n",
      "own apartment, too. There were three of us, Ira, Lyuda, and 1. The next \n",
      "morning they took Lyuda and Ira away. They didn't do anything to help us. This\n",
      "was in the old Maternity Home, in the combined block. They didn't do anything \n",
      "more than examine me, that was it. I didn't want any shots or tranquilizer, \n",
      "nothing. What shots could have calmed me down? I didn't even want to look at \n",
      "them.\n",
      "\n",
      "I lay in the ward. Either it just worked out that way or they did it on pur-\n",
      "pose, but I was alone. I was alone even though the wards were packed. That\n",
      "same evening a woman came by and asked me what was wrong with me, that my face\n",
      "was disfigured. She asked what had happened to me, and I said, \"Better to ask \n",
      "your brother what happened, there's no point in asking me, your brother can \n",
      "better explain what happened.\" She fell into a faint. All the doctors threw \n",
      "themselves at her, and the doctor categorically forbade anyone to come into my\n",
      "ward.\n",
      "\n",
      "Then people from work came to see me, my boss, his daughter; they brought me \n",
      "clothing, because I was literally naked. The only thing I had on was a dress, \n",
      "but the woman who gave it to me was very short, and the dress was way up \n",
      "above my knees, and the woman orderly said, \"I can't believe you put on such a\n",
      "short dress, who are you showing off your legs to here?\" I went back to my \n",
      "ward thinking, just one more thing from something. People from work came and \n",
      "brought me something in a sack, apples, I think, three or four pounds, but I \n",
      "couldn't take them. I had become so weak that it was just embarrassing. I said\n",
      "that I couldn't take the apples, and really didn't have any appetite. No one \n",
      "had to bring me anything. Some woman took the sack . . . And, oh yes! . . . \n",
      "Then I heard that the head doctor tell a nurse that my medical history should \n",
      "be hidden or torn up completely so that no one would know that I was an \n",
      "Armenian, maybe they wouldn't figure it out from looking at me. So they must \n",
      "have been thinking that there would be some kind of attack, that something \n",
      "else would happen. That it would be worse. Or, perhaps, someone was outside on\n",
      "the street, I don't know. In any case, I didn't sleep a wink that night.\n",
      "\n",
      "The next morning they picked me up, a whole police detail, put me in a bus, \n",
      "and off we went. I didn't even know where they were taking me. They took me to\n",
      "the club where the troops were, the very one I was in that ill-fated evening.\n",
      "I got off the bus. Near the City Party Committee there were a great many \n",
      "troops, tanks, armored personnel carriers; the whole scene was terrible. I saw \n",
      "a few people I knew there, and that calmed me a little. I had already thought \n",
      "that I was the only one left. So there were five or six of us left in Sumgait \n",
      "after that night. I still didn't know what happened to my parents, they didn't \n",
      "come to see me in the hospital, and my boss told me that everything was fine. \n",
      "I didn't know whether to believe him or not. Maybe he was just trying to calm \n",
      "me down, maybe something happened on the way. Then I went to the club and saw \n",
      "a lot of people I knew. They all knew one another, they were all kissing each \n",
      "other and asking, \"What happened, what went on?\" Two days later they came to \n",
      "see me from work. They were there all the time. Each day they came, showed \n",
      "interest, and were constantly bringing me money. They did everything they \n",
      "could. Of course I'm most thankful to my boss, the only one of my colleagues \n",
      "who didn't lose his presence of mind and who didn't change his opinions, \n",
      "neither before, nor after, nor in the heat of the moment, no matter what \n",
      "happened. He constantly took an interest. A sincere interest, from the heart \n",
      ". . . Then, about two days later, the secretary of the Party Committee came, \n",
      "not from our Party organization, but from the First Trust, which ours is part \n",
      "of, Comrade Kerimov, a very important figure in our town. He made arrangements\n",
      "with the emergency medical personnel to take me away, because if I sat down by\n",
      "myself I couldn't get up or lie down again. There was something wrong with my\n",
      "lungs, it was hard to breathe. They examined me there several times, there I \n",
      "lay were several doctors, they all thought that . . . that it must just be \n",
      "from all the blows, I don't know. They didn't diagnose anything in particular.\n",
      "When I was in the Maternity Home I even asked . . . I made it a point of \n",
      "insisting that they take me to the trauma section because I felt so awful. \n",
      "There was no way something inside wasn't broken, my ribs . . . Well they took \n",
      "me there and took x-rays and said that everything was fine. There were \n",
      "emergency medical workers on duty in the club. The mother of one of Marina's \n",
      "friends was there. She was the head doctor at the Sumgait Children's Clinic. \n",
      "They had every kind of antifever agent in the world, which was exactly what I\n",
      "needed at that moment, I thought. I said that I was having great difficulty\n",
      "breathing, I couldn't seem to get enough air, something was wrong with me.\n",
      "They put tight bandages around my chest and waist. Later I overheard some\n",
      "people saying that I had been cut all over. I think they just saw me being all\n",
      "bandaged up and decided that my breasts and face had been cut . . . But I\n",
      "wasn't cut.\n",
      "\n",
      "They took us to the Khimik boarding house. We lived there a long time. Soon \n",
      "appeared representatives . . . They were agitating. At first people would not \n",
      "talk to them, and drove them off. One of the Armenian women shouted, \"We \n",
      "demand that Seidov come!\" The response was, \"It's Seidov who sent us.\" Seidov \n",
      "is the Chairman of the Azerbaijani Council of Ministers. The woman said, \n",
      "\"We'll only see Seidov's daughter, have her come here, we'll do the same \n",
      "things to her that they did to our daughters, and then we'll deal with you \n",
      "agitators.\" And so on. More of them said, \"Have Seidov himself come.\" This \n",
      "went on day in, day out. The agitators kept coming and coming, this drove us \n",
      "out of our wits. Then people gradually started departing for Yerevan because \n",
      "they realized it was senseless to stay. Everything got on our nerves: The \n",
      "smell, the small children. There were children at the SK club, children who \n",
      "had literally just come out of the Maternity Home. What were they doing in a \n",
      "club that didn't even have running water all the time? At first we had to pay \n",
      "to eat there. They even overcharged us, as it turned out. On the second day \n",
      "someone told us that they would bring us food for free. The children were ill.\n",
      "Everything stank there. Well imagine about 3,000 people in a small movie \n",
      "theater with seating for no more than 500. You couldn't sit or lie down, it \n",
      "was impossible to even move. The stench was awful. Even the smallest infants \n",
      "took ill overnight there. I heard that they were arriving seriously ill in \n",
      "Yerevan, the infants. They have to be washed, they have to be bathed, not to \n",
      "mention that we, the adults, were ill and needed care. People were fainting \n",
      "right and left. I just don't know, everyone was crying, everyone . . . Only \n",
      "the young people, the men, somehow managed to keep it together. But the women \n",
      "were in a constant state of panic. It seemed to everyone that they would come \n",
      "any minute and kill and stab. It seemed clear that we had been gathered \n",
      "together purposely, like during the war, so that they could burn the movie \n",
      "theater and there wouldn't be a single Armenian left. Then people went up to \n",
      "the attic. I didn't see them, I only heard them, because I was lying down and \n",
      "couldn't get up. I lay right on the stage, we had some room there. Apparently \n",
      "they caught two people with either oil or gas. I think they wanted to burn the\n",
      "theater. Maybe someone saw them, I didn't. I was in no condition to open my \n",
      "eyes.\n",
      "\n",
      "Everyone was suspicious of everyone else. They would ask, \"Aren't you an \n",
      "Azerbaijani? I think I saw you somewhere, I think you're an Azerbaijani.\" They\n",
      "led out all the men and started letting them back in by checking their\n",
      "passports, relatives might be covering for each other. Half of the people did\n",
      "not have any documents. There were people who had run out of their homes in \n",
      "nothing but a pair of pants and slippers, or wearing just a shirt, not like\n",
      "they should have, with their IDs.\n",
      "\n",
      "So on the 28th, on Sunday, I think, the police did nothing to help us. On\n",
      "Monday everything resumed where it had left off on Block 41A. They didn't \n",
      "spare a soul there: not children, not pregnant women, nobody. They killed,\n",
      "they burned, they hacked with axes, just everything possible. They murdered \n",
      "the Melkumian family whom I knew, my mother worked with them. Their daughter-\n",
      "in-law went to school with my older sister. They were brutally murdered. Only \n",
      "the two daughters-in-law survived. By a miracle one was able to save herself, \n",
      "she ran away, the neighbors wouldn't take her in, so she ran about the \n",
      "building until she found refuge. She was pregnant and had two small children. \n",
      "This all continued on Monday in Block 41A, on the 29th, when the troops were \n",
      "already in the city.\n",
      "\n",
      "They murdered people, they overturned automobiles, and they burned entire \n",
      "families. They say they didn't even know for sure if the people were Armenians\n",
      "or not. I heard that the Lezgins suffered, too. I'm not sure myself, I didn't \n",
      "see any Lezgins who had been injured. They burned cars so it's very difficult \n",
      "now to say exactly who died and who didn't. It was very difficult to identify \n",
      "the corpses, or rather, what remained of the corpses after they were doused in\n",
      "gasoline and burned . . . it's all very hard to imagine, of course I heard \n",
      "that many people disappeared without a trace, from the BTZ plant two people, \n",
      "including a woman who worked the night shift, Aunt Razmella, who also lived in\n",
      "Microdistrict 3.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were stopping buses between Baku and Sumgait. In the evening people who \n",
      "had been visiting Baku were returning to Sumgait, and people from Baku were \n",
      "going home from Sumgait, and there were students, too. They were simply \n",
      "savagely murdered. They were stopping the buses, the drivers immediately did \n",
      "what they were told because there was just no other way to deal with that \n",
      "hoard of brutally minded people. They stopped the buses, dragged the Armenians\n",
      "out and killed them on the spot. I didn't see it myself, but I heard that they\n",
      "put them all in a pile so as to burn them. Later it was hard to discern from \n",
      "the corpses, well you can't call them corpses, you had to figure out from the \n",
      "ashes who it was. l heard that two fellows saved two women, one a student, Ira\n",
      "G., if I'm not mistaken. She was in the hospital a long time after that, and \n",
      "she still can't figure out who saved her. She was also brutally raped and \n",
      "beaten and thrown onto a pile of corpses. The fellow pulled her out of that \n",
      "whole pile of corpses, put his coat on her, took her into his arms, and \n",
      "carried her to the city. I still can't imagine how he managed to do that.\n",
      "\n",
      "I heard that from Engels Grigorian. He knows her, apparently. Well a lot of \n",
      "people went to that hospital anyway. She was in the hospital and singing a \n",
      "song in Armenian, and they wrote the words down, and, I think he still has \n",
      "that piece of paper, because he says that a lot of people now have that song, \n",
      "the one she sang in the hospital where she lay in such bad shape. They \n",
      "couldn't find the guy who saved her. He left her in someone's apartment and\n",
      "called the ambulance, she was in such awful shape that, probably, like me,\n",
      "she couldn't remember anyone's face.\n",
      "\n",
      "I think that I knew one of the people who broke into our house, maybe I had \n",
      "talked with him once. But I received so many blows everything was just knocked\n",
      "out of my head. I can't remember to this day who he was. Then, it seems, I saw\n",
      "the Secretary of the Directorate's Party organization, where Marina works. She\n",
      "goes to school and works, she goes to night school at AZI, and works by day at\n",
      "the Khimzashchita Construction and Installation Administration. I'm the \n",
      "Secretary of the Komsomol organization at our administration and often met \n",
      "with the secretaries of Party and Komsomol organizations. We had joint \n",
      "meetings. I know them all, I've even talked with them, and he, I know, is from\n",
      "Armenia. An Azerbaijani, but from Armenia. It became obvious that many of \n",
      "those people were Azerbaijanis born in Armenia.\n",
      "\n",
      "They took me to various police stations, to the police precinct, and to the\n",
      "Procuracy, because the USSR Procuracy got involved in the case, and I iden-\n",
      "tified the photographs of people who I could more or less recognize. They\n",
      "showed me the people who were in our apartment, they're working on our\n",
      "case, but I can't even recognize them, although it was proved that they were\n",
      "the ones, they're processing it somehow. They tell me that they know that\n",
      "someone held me by the arm and someone else held me by the leg when they were \n",
      "dragging me. There was someone else in our apartment who did not even touch \n",
      "me, he just stole a blanket and an earring or something like that. All these \n",
      "people, all of them, as much as I've heard about them and seen them, they were\n",
      "all from Kafan.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Secretary of the Party organization is named Najaf, Najaf Rzayev. He was \n",
      "there when everything started. It must have been him because I didn't \n",
      "recognize anyone else in the crowd whom I knew besides him. All the more since\n",
      "I told him, \"Listen, you do something, because you know me.\" He turned away \n",
      "and went toward the bedroom, where Marina was. Well you couldn't see Marina \n",
      "anyway. There was such a noisy confusion of people that you couldn't make out \n",
      "anyone. All of it flew right out of my head, and then gradually I became \n",
      "myself again, at the City Party Committee . . . There were military people \n",
      "there. I told them what went on, and they wrote it all down. I told them his \n",
      "name. On March 8 the Secretary of our First Trust Party organization, the one \n",
      "we're part of, came to see us, his name is Najaf Rzayev. I tell Mamma, \"If\n",
      "he's here despite the fact that I gave his name, it means that either his \n",
      "alibi has been confirmed or, probably, that they think I'm crazy, not \n",
      "responsible for my words.\" He said, \"What did they do to you, how awful, \n",
      "myself, I hid an Armenian family.\" Then after some time goes by he comes back \n",
      "again and says something entirely different: \"I wasn't at home, my family and \n",
      "I went to Baku.\" I said, \"Marina, what is he saying? He said something totally\n",
      "different before.\" After that I didn't go to see our Procurator, our case is \n",
      "being handled by a procurator from Voronezh, Fedorov by name. Fedorov told me \n",
      "that Rzayev's case had just gotten to him, and there were so names involved. \n",
      "What are they doing with Rzayev?\n",
      "Did he prove his alibi or not? They just think that since I was hit in the \n",
      "head I can't say anything for sure, whether it was him or not. It will be an \n",
      "insult if he was in our apartment and doesn't have to pay for it, but at the \n",
      "same time\n",
      "\n",
      "I'm afraid to say I'm a hundred percent sure that it was he. Because no mat-\n",
      "ter who I name, they tell me, no, you're wrong, he didn't do that, that one\n",
      "wasn't there. All the faces have gotten mixed up in my mind. Who did what\n",
      "exactly I can't say.                                                     \n",
      "\n",
      "When they took me outside there was a whole crowd there, but I didn't see it, \n",
      "because I had my eyes closed all the time. It seemed to me that I always got\n",
      "it because of my eyes, people were always hassling me, for some reason it \n",
      "always seemed to me that my eyes are responsible. When they were beating my \n",
      "face I thought they were trying to put my eyes out. So I had my eyes closed, \n",
      "they took me outside and started to beat me. A young guy, 22, held my arms, he\n",
      "works at the BTZ plant. And right nearby, across the road from us, Block 41, \n",
      "is where all this was going on. Right across the road from us. The BTZ \n",
      "dormitory is over there, that's where he lives. Now he's in custody, they even\n",
      "have proved, as far as I know, that it was he who killed Shurik Gambarian, the\n",
      "clarinet player from the third entryway of our building. One person in our \n",
      "building was killed, it was that man.\n",
      "\n",
      "A guy comes by who shared a room with the guy who was holding me. He saw that\n",
      "he was holding me by the arms and that he was beating me, but he didn't come \n",
      "over, he just looked and then went into the dormitory. A while after it was \n",
      "all over, people started making announcements in town saying that \n",
      "investigators had been summoned. That guy went and told them everything. Now \n",
      "they've caught him, everything's been proved. Now, evidently, they've been\n",
      "beating him, I don't know what they're doing with them over there, but he \n",
      "himself said that he was working the night shift at the plant. Some young guy \n",
      "came to the plant and said, \"Everyone who wants to kill Armenians come to the \n",
      "bus station on Saturday at ten.\" That was it. He said, the ones who wanted to,\n",
      "went. This was at the BTZ plant, during the night shift, probably, late Friday\n",
      "night. It was at night, they were at the sauna together. And he said, what do \n",
      "you mean, do you understand what you are saying? The others were silent, \n",
      "probably, in their hearts they were thinking, I'm going to go. But they didn't\n",
      "say anything to one another. He said that he thought it important to to go, \n",
      "because he had heard a lot about what had happened in Kafan, that they had \n",
      "killed their Azerbaijani sisters, their mothers, burned villages, and all of \n",
      "that. That guy was also born in Kafan. That is certain. And Marina says that \n",
      "the Secretary of the Party organization is from Armenia, too.                                                             from\n",
      "\n",
      "I've participated in the investigation a couple of times. I'm satisfied with\n",
      "them thus far. They summoned us and asked about what happened, and every word \n",
      "I said was recorded. I met some guy there . . . By the way, he was an \n",
      "Armenian. I said that he was in our apartment, but what he did, I don't know. \n",
      "His last name was Grigorian, Eduard Grigorian. He s from Sumgait, from \n",
      "Microdistrict 1. He was sentenced I think, to five years, not his first time. \n",
      "His mother is Russian. I met with him at the KGB in Baku, at the Azerbaijani \n",
      "KGB. They took us there and showed me photographs. There were so many \n",
      "photographs, I think they even photographed those people who were caught at \n",
      "curfew, and I've got them all confused. I say, the face was about like this, \n",
      "the guy in the white coat with the red clasps. But he could take that coat off\n",
      "and burn it somewhere, and it would be like looking for a needle in a \n",
      "haystack. Well. This guy, Grigorian, I said, he was in our apartment, but he \n",
      "is so light-complected that he looks like a Lezgin. I don't know what he did, \n",
      "I can't remember. Maybe he beat me or raped me. But he was in our apartment. \n",
      "At the KGB he started asking me, pleading with me, there's no need for this, \n",
      "all this stuff, look me in the eyes, you're like a sister to me. I took a look\n",
      "at him and thought, \"My God, Heaven forbid that I should have a brother like \n",
      "you.\" But they were satisfied with my responses, because I said everything \n",
      "without great certainty. I was there with Mamma. Then Lyuda came in, but when \n",
      "she came in she got sick immediately. She wanted to kill him, she crawled over\n",
      "the table at him. She recognized him. When she came to, Lyuda was lying on the\n",
      "balcony, the mob threw her there and all of them ran into the bedroom. We had \n",
      "all kinds of boxes with dishes in them, the dowries for all three sisters. \n",
      "They stole everything in the apartment, leaving only small things. At that \n",
      "moment Lyuda came to and started remembering everything. Well, seeing the \n",
      "faces, hearing the voices . . . Two people were saying they could burn the \n",
      "apartment. Another says, why burn the apartment when I've got three kids and \n",
      "no place to live. So this guy was in temporary housing, he didn't have \n",
      "anywhere to live, he was from Sumgait. They were sure that they would get the \n",
      "apartment. Besides, the neighbors were Azerbaijani. Why should they burn the \n",
      "apartment, they might burn Azerbaijanis. That's what they said. How did they \n",
      "know there were Azerbaijanis there, if they just picked a place, thinking that\n",
      "Armenians lived there? We have a list of the residents for our part of the \n",
      "building, our name is in there, but how could they know that Azerbaijanis \n",
      "lived on the other side of the wall from us? So they didn't set fire to our \n",
      "apartment.\n",
      "\n",
      "I don't know, I was in such bad shape that if all of it had come to a halt \n",
      "when I was outside, if someone had asked me what was happening, I would\n",
      "have said that a civil war was going on. Well, maybe not civil . . . but\n",
      "probably civil, because when they were beating me I opened my eyes and saw\n",
      "that all the neighbors were standing on their balconies and watching, like at\n",
      "a free horror film. So a civil war was going on, and only the Armenians were\n",
      "being fought. If it were a world war or something like that, they would have\n",
      "been fighting everyone. But they only fought us. Then I met some women from \n",
      "our building, some Azerbaijanis. They are crying, they tell me, \"Karina, we \n",
      "saw all of it, how could it happen?\" They're asking me! Well I just don't know\n",
      "what to call it if a normal girl can stand there and watch what happened to \n",
      "me. I think that if it were the other way around either I wouldn't have been \n",
      "able to take it, or I would have tried to avert it, like that one Azerbaijani \n",
      "woman did in front of our building. A woman lives there, an awful, dissipated \n",
      "woman, if you can call her a woman, the dissipated life she leads. Two \n",
      "Armenian families live there, in her part of the building. She came out on the\n",
      "balcony and saw what was happening to me and started to scream and curse. She \n",
      "came down to the entryway and said, \"You'll come in this entryway over my dead\n",
      "body.\" So not one of them took it in his head to go in that entryway. Some \n",
      "folks were saying that those people were so out of control that they didn't \n",
      "even know what they were doing. I don't think that's true. They knew very well\n",
      "what they were doing if they didn't even lift a hand against that woman. They \n",
      "couldn't have cared less about her, but the fact that she was an Azerbaijani \n",
      "stopped them.\n",
      "\n",
      "They were just beasts, they had smoked so much. When they came to our place \n",
      "they were all chewing something. I noticed: Everyone who came into the \n",
      "apartment was chewing something. I think, my God, maybe I just think that? \n",
      "Maybe I'm losing my mind? But no, they're all chewing something. Maybe it is \n",
      "some kind of drug, it must be, because . . . At first glance they all seemed \n",
      "to be such normal people, young, clean-shaven, looking exactly as if they had \n",
      "come to some sort of celebration. But they were shouting something. They\n",
      "didn't talk, they shouted, as though there were deaf people there. They \n",
      "screamed and screamed: \"Yeah, killing, killing, we're killing the Armenians!\" \n",
      "Only they didn't shout \"kill,\" they shouted \"gurun ermianlary.\" Gurun \n",
      "literally means \"kill,\" or \"destroy.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "That's how it was! I'll continue. We hid in a captain's apartment, he's an\n",
      "Azerbaijani, his wife is a Tatar. We were sitting in their apartment, their \n",
      "kids were out in the yard. Their kids knew a whole lot. This was in our part \n",
      "of the building, on the third floor. When Mamma came to and couldn't find\n",
      "Lyuda she took Papa's hand, this was while the looters were stealing things,\n",
      "but they didn't pay attention because they were stealing things. Apparently\n",
      "they had already ceased killing and switched to stealing. Mamma found the\n",
      "courage to . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "A boy said to my mother \"Where's the gold?\" Mamma said he must have been 12 \n",
      "to 14 years old. He even looked Russian, he was so fair-skinned. But the \n",
      "Azerbaijanis from Armenia are fair-skinned. I noticed they were all on the \n",
      "fair side. He shouted, they were all smashing things, and he asks Mamma where \n",
      "the gold is. We kept our gold in the wardrobe with our important papers. In a \n",
      "little black bag, we kept everything in there. Mamma doesn't really like to \n",
      "wear gold. She probably never even wore those things from the time they were \n",
      "bought for her. They took everything that was lying on the cheval glass. Mamma\n",
      "thinks that the gold saved us. Because they threw themselves at the gold, and \n",
      "Mamma grabbed Papa, who was trying to breathe. They had closed his mouth, \n",
      "bound his hands, and put a pillow and a chair on his face . . . They had \n",
      "shoved something into his mouth so he would suffocate. Mamma grabbed him and \n",
      "tore all that stuff off . . . He had something in his mouth, he was having \n",
      "trouble breathing, his nose was filled with blood. Mamma grabbed him and \n",
      "started running from the fifth down to the first floor because no one wanted \n",
      "to open their doors to them. Mamma said that by accident, completely by \n",
      "accident that person opened his door, he was sleeping, and said, half-awake, \n",
      "\"What's happened?\" He sees that they are bloody. Mamma said, \"At least go and \n",
      "find out what's happening to my daughters, even if they've burned them or \n",
      "murdered them, at least bring the corpses.\" He went looking for us. At that \n",
      "moment Lyuda was under the bed. She says that after they left it seemed that \n",
      "someone was calling her name. When he quietly called her she couldn't get out \n",
      "from under the bed. She wanted to get out and was calling softly. She thought \n",
      "she was shouting, but in fact she was either silent or was only talking to \n",
      "herself, it just seemed to her that she was shouting. When she got out from \n",
      "under the bed everyone was gone. And again . . . She thought that she had lost\n",
      "her mind. I'll never leave here, never! To hell with it! It just seems that \n",
      "way to me, I'll come to eventually. But then, when everything had settled \n",
      "down, stopped, that mall brought Lyuda down, and Igor carried me in from\n",
      "outside. Or first I was brought in, then Lyuda, I don't remember what order it\n",
      "happened in.\n",
      "\n",
      "And Mamma said, \"Listen, they're all running around down there, shouting \n",
      "something or other, and running toward the other building.\" It had more or \n",
      "less calmed down where we were. Who's dead, who's alive, we don't know. I \n",
      "tried to call my girlfriend. I had basically come to. Mamma says, \"Listen;\n",
      "let's go upstairs, at least get a mattress or something. We don't know how \n",
      "long we'll be here. Maybe they didn't burn everything.\" I don't get it, all\n",
      "women have that feeling, they want to get something from their homes, maybe \n",
      "not everything was taken? I tell Mamma, \"Mamma, what do you need any of that \n",
      "for? To hell with it! We're alive, forget the rest of it, all of it!\" She\n",
      "says, \"No, let's go get at least something. Maybe we'll leave here, spend the \n",
      "night at someone else's.\" Mamma went upstairs, and their little boy, their son\n",
      "Alik, was standing on the lookout. lIe was standing there to see if they were \n",
      "coming. They only managed to run up there and grab something one time. He \n",
      "shouts, \"Come back, they're coming!\" They didn't have enough time to get a \n",
      "lot, mattresses from one apartment, a blanket from another . . . Mamma got my \n",
      "knitting . . . Someone managed to grab our old things, the ones we never wore,\n",
      "out of the hall . . . Someone took Father's old coveralls. The neighbor, his \n",
      "wife, Mamma and Papa . . . Marina went with them. I was in no condition to \n",
      "leave. Neither was Lyuda. We just sat. They ran out and we closed the door and\n",
      "just then we hear that the mob is on its way toward our place upstairs, \n",
      "they're dragging something again. They were going toward the other building, \n",
      "maybe over by the school, or . . . There was an unfinished building over\n",
      "there, people said they were going toward the basement or the unfinished \n",
      "building, they could gradually carry everything over there. Then things more \n",
      "or less calmed down. I tried to call my boss.\n",
      "\n",
      "Later there was more noise. We were on the third floor, in a one-bedroom\n",
      "apartment, and a woman lives in the one-bedroom place on the second floor,\n",
      "Asya Dallakian. She's an old woman, retired. She wasn't at home, at that\n",
      "time she was usually in the country, she has a married daughter there, and\n",
      "her grandson is in the army. She is only very rarely in town; she gets her\n",
      "retirement money and the apartment is essentially vacant. They started\n",
      "pounding on her door and broke it down. She had two or three beds in there, \n",
      "something like that, she's a 60-to 70-year-old woman who really does not even \n",
      "live there. Probably she had some pots, a couple of metal bed frames and \n",
      "mattresses, and a television. When her grandson came she bought a television. \n",
      "They started wrecking everything. I started getting sick again. I think, \"My \n",
      "God, what is going on around here? When will this end?\" We turned off the \n",
      "lights and sat. As it turns out the people who weren't afraid, the ones who \n",
      "knew what was going on, knew not to turn off the lights. We didn't know, but \n",
      "they didn't come to where we were all the same. They all knew very well that \n",
      "he was a captain. He went out and closed the door, and we sat in his \n",
      "apartment. His last name was Kasumov. He's an exserviceman, retired, works up \n",
      "at the fire station at some plant or other. He went out and stood at his door.\n",
      "They tell him, \"Comrade Captain, don't worry, we won't harm you, you're one of\n",
      "us.\" He went upstairs, and they say, \"Aren't you taking anything from this \n",
      "apartment?\" He says, \"I don't need anything.\" And the women who were standing \n",
      "in the yard . . . we have a basement, full of water . . . the women who were \n",
      "standing in the yard saw. Those guys, they left everything they stole on the \n",
      "first floor and ran upstairs again. The women threw everything they had time \n",
      "to into the basement, to save our property. Some things were left: dirty \n",
      "pillows, two or three other things and a rug. A guy came downstairs, really \n",
      "mad, and he says, \"Where's the rug? I just put it right here!\" They tell him, \n",
      "\"Some guy came and took it and went off toward the school.\" He ran off in that\n",
      "direction.\n",
      "\n",
      "Oh! I forgot the most important point. When Igor picked me up in his arms, \n",
      "there were women standing there who saw everything that was going on. They \n",
      "just didn't tell me about it for a long time. The wife of that military man, \n",
      "she didn't want to kill my spirit, I was already dead enough. Later she told \n",
      "me, that after they murdered Uncle Shurik in the third entryway one of them, \n",
      "the ringleader, apparently a young man, said, \"Where's the girl who was here?\"\n",
      "And he became furious. The woman tells him, \"She came to . . . \" She didn't\n",
      "know what to say: Think something up? Someone carried her off? Then they would\n",
      "comb the whole house and find me and our whole family. So the woman says, \"She\n",
      "came to and went to the basement.\" Now, our basement is full of water. So the \n",
      "whole mob dashes off to the basement to look for me or my corpse. They took \n",
      "flashlights; they were up to their waists in water, water which had been \n",
      "standing there for years, and soot, and fuel oil. They climbed down in there \n",
      "to get me. Then one of them said, \"There's so much water down there, she \n",
      "probably walked and walked and then passed out and died. She met her death in \n",
      "the basement. That's it, we can leave, no problem!\" I didn't know that, and \n",
      "when I was told, I felt worse. Two times worse. A lot worse! So they didn't \n",
      "just want to pound me flat, something more awful was awaiting me . . .\n",
      "\n",
      "After that we of course didn't want to live in Sumgait any longer. We really \n",
      "didn't want to go back to our apartment. When we moved, I went up there and \n",
      "started to quiver and shake all over, because I started remembering it all. \n",
      "Although the neighbors all sobbed, it was all . . . so cheap . . . The people \n",
      "who sat in their apartments and didn't help us at a time like that. I think \n",
      "that they could have helped! I don't think that they were obligated to, but \n",
      "they could have helped us! Because that one woman was able to stop that whole \n",
      "brutal crowd by herself. That means they could have, too. It would have been\n",
      "enough foe one man or women to say, What do you think you're doing?\" That's \n",
      "all! That would have done it. There were 60 apartments in our building. Not \n",
      "one person said it! When I was lying on the ground and all those people were \n",
      "standing on their balconies I didn't hear anyone's voice, no one said what are\n",
      "you doing, leave her alone . . . Mamma even told one of the neighbor women \n",
      "that if it had been an Azerbaijani woman in my place they would have dropped a\n",
      "bomb if it would have killed even one Armenian. They would have stood up for \n",
      "one of their own. True, they say that our neighbor from the fourth entryway, \n",
      "an old/ sick woman tried to stop the pogrom. The Azerbaijanis have a custom: \n",
      "if a woman takes her scarf and throws it on the ground, the men are supposed \n",
      "to stop immediately. The old woman from the fourth entryway did that, but they\n",
      "stomped her scarf into the ground, pushed her off to the side, and said, \"If\n",
      "you want to go on living, you'll disappear into your apartment.\" So she left.\n",
      "That trick didn't work on them.\n",
      "\n",
      "Even the neighbors who helped us move told me, OK, fine, calm down, forget \n",
      "that it happened. I said I'd only forget it if I told them right then that it\n",
      "had happened to their daughter--and if that didn't have any effect on them, \n",
      "then I would forget everything, too. Imagine that it happened to your sister. \n",
      "And no one did anything. Anything.\n",
      "\n",
      "   April 25, 1988\n",
      "   Yerevan\n",
      "\n",
      "\t\t\t- - - reference - - -\n",
      "\n",
      "[1] _The Sumgait Tragedy; Pogroms against Armenians in Soviet Azerbaijan,\n",
      "    Volume I, Eyewitness Accounts_, edited by Samuel Shahmuradian, forward by\n",
      "    Yelena Bonner, 1990, published by Aristide D. Caratzas, NY, pages 93-109\n",
      "\n",
      "anti: -1\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "feeling: 1\n",
      "trust: 1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "demanded: -1\n",
      "capable: 1\n",
      "demanded: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "scared: -2\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "cheerful: 2\n",
      "pleasure: 3\n",
      "happy: 3\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "feeling: 1\n",
      "broken: -1\n",
      "broken: -1\n",
      "grief: -2\n",
      "stricken: -2\n",
      "big: 1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "broken: -1\n",
      "accident: -2\n",
      "calm: 2\n",
      "super: 3\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "panic: -3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "cheer: 2\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "kind: 2\n",
      "calm: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "demonstration: -1\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "demonstration: -1\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "broken: -1\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "problems: -2\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "terrible: -3\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "calm: 2\n",
      "cleared: 1\n",
      "laughing: 1\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "laughing: 1\n",
      "killing: -3\n",
      "ill: -2\n",
      "horrible: -3\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "terrified: -3\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "crush: -1\n",
      "huge: 1\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "kind: 2\n",
      "hide: -1\n",
      "won: 3\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "hide: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "broke: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "feeling: 1\n",
      "dead: -3\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "clean: 2\n",
      "stops: -1\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "dead: -3\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "stuck: -2\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "strong: 2\n",
      "dead: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "god: 1\n",
      "death: -2\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "courage: 2\n",
      "risk: -2\n",
      "calm: 2\n",
      "clean: 2\n",
      "dragged: -1\n",
      "survived: 2\n",
      "lost: -3\n",
      "opportunity: 2\n",
      "torn: -2\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "consent: 2\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "killing: -3\n",
      "death: -2\n",
      "trouble: -2\n",
      "hurt: -2\n",
      "badly: -3\n",
      "hard: -1\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "save: 2\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "stopping: -1\n",
      "died: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "died: -3\n",
      "died: -3\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "warn: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "hide: -1\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "hide: -1\n",
      "won: 3\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "distorted: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "badly: -3\n",
      "cut: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "scream: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "scream: -2\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "injured: -2\n",
      "lost: -3\n",
      "worry: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "matter: 1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "matter: 1\n",
      "good: 3\n",
      "glad: 3\n",
      "god: 1\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "suffering: -2\n",
      "worse: -3\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "die: -3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "smart: 1\n",
      "help: 2\n",
      "block: -1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "calmed: 2\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "better: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "better: 2\n",
      "weak: -2\n",
      "embarrassing: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "yes: 1\n",
      "torn: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "kind: 2\n",
      "attack: -1\n",
      "worse: -3\n",
      "ill: -2\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "terrible: -3\n",
      "calmed: 2\n",
      "fine: 2\n",
      "calm: 2\n",
      "interest: 1\n",
      "thankful: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "matter: 1\n",
      "interest: 1\n",
      "sincere: 2\n",
      "interest: 1\n",
      "trust: 1\n",
      "important: 2\n",
      "emergency: -2\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "hard: -1\n",
      "trauma: -3\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "broken: -1\n",
      "fine: 2\n",
      "emergency: -2\n",
      "kind: 2\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "cut: -1\n",
      "cut: -1\n",
      "cut: -1\n",
      "demand: -1\n",
      "nerves: -1\n",
      "pay: -1\n",
      "free: 1\n",
      "ill: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "ill: -2\n",
      "ill: -2\n",
      "ill: -2\n",
      "care: 2\n",
      "crying: -2\n",
      "panic: -3\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "stab: -2\n",
      "clear: 1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "suspicious: -2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "help: 2\n",
      "block: -1\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "hacked: -1\n",
      "survived: 2\n",
      "miracle: 4\n",
      "save: 2\n",
      "block: -1\n",
      "injured: -2\n",
      "difficult: -1\n",
      "died: -3\n",
      "difficult: -1\n",
      "hard: -1\n",
      "disappeared: -1\n",
      "stopping: -1\n",
      "stopping: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "dragged: -1\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "hard: -1\n",
      "saved: 2\n",
      "mistaken: -2\n",
      "saved: 2\n",
      "beaten: -2\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "saved: 2\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "broke: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "noisy: -1\n",
      "trust: 1\n",
      "crazy: -2\n",
      "responsible: 2\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "hid: -1\n",
      "insult: -2\n",
      "pay: -1\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "wrong: -2\n",
      "responsible: 2\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "block: -1\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "shared: 1\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "important: 2\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "certain: 1\n",
      "satisfied: 2\n",
      "sentenced: -2\n",
      "confused: -2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "god: 1\n",
      "heaven: 2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "satisfied: 2\n",
      "great: 3\n",
      "sick: -2\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "fire: -2\n",
      "bad: -3\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "beating: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "free: 1\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "war: -2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "crying: -2\n",
      "avert: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "scream: -2\n",
      "curse: -1\n",
      "dead: -3\n",
      "true: 2\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "god: 1\n",
      "losing: -3\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "kind: 2\n",
      "clean: 2\n",
      "screamed: -2\n",
      "screamed: -2\n",
      "yeah: 1\n",
      "killing: -3\n",
      "killing: -3\n",
      "killing: -3\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "destroy: -3\n",
      "hid: -1\n",
      "pay: -1\n",
      "killing: -3\n",
      "courage: 2\n",
      "fair: 2\n",
      "fair: 2\n",
      "fair: 2\n",
      "important: 2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "saved: 2\n",
      "trouble: -2\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "accident: -2\n",
      "accident: -2\n",
      "bloody: -3\n",
      "lost: -3\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "hell: -4\n",
      "stopped: -1\n",
      "calmed: 2\n",
      "dead: -3\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "feeling: 1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "hell: -4\n",
      "alive: 1\n",
      "forget: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "calmed: 2\n",
      "broke: -1\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "sick: -2\n",
      "god: 1\n",
      "afraid: -2\n",
      "fire: -2\n",
      "worry: -3\n",
      "won: 3\n",
      "harm: -2\n",
      "save: 2\n",
      "dirty: -2\n",
      "mad: -3\n",
      "important: 2\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "kill: -3\n",
      "spirit: 1\n",
      "dead: -3\n",
      "furious: -3\n",
      "corpse: -1\n",
      "died: -3\n",
      "death: -2\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "problem: -2\n",
      "worse: -3\n",
      "worse: -3\n",
      "worse: -3\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "awful: -3\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "help: 2\n",
      "like: 2\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "leave: -1\n",
      "alone: -2\n",
      "bomb: -1\n",
      "killed: -3\n",
      "true: 2\n",
      "sick: -2\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "stop: -1\n",
      "want: 1\n",
      "disappear: -1\n",
      "fine: 2\n",
      "calm: 2\n",
      "forget: -1\n",
      "forget: -1\n",
      "forget: -1\n",
      "no: -1\n",
      "tragedy: -2\n",
      "-254\n",
      "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in order[:3]:\n",
    "    print(newsgroups_train.data[i])\n",
    "    print(sentiment(newsgroups_train.data[i], True))\n",
    "    print(\"-\" * 80)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "OK -- so we've got a hotly contested BMWOA election and some inept \n",
      "leadership.\n",
      "\n",
      "My question is the history of the BMW organization that lead to the\n",
      "formation of the BMWRA. Was there something going on in the OA years\n",
      "ago that precipitated the formation of two competing owner's groups?\n",
      "\n",
      "Just to stave off flames: I'm a (relatively new) member of both groups\n",
      "and besides a difference in the slickness of the magazines, it seems\n",
      "the major difference is that the RA guys seem to have more fun. . .\n",
      "\n",
      "Art\n",
      "fun: 4\n",
      "4.0\n",
      "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "[much deleted]\n",
      "\n",
      "amazing.  I could not find _one_ reference to waffle in all of this.\n",
      "\n",
      "followups redirected out.\n",
      "amazing: 4\n",
      "4.0\n",
      "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "\n",
      "I thought it was 1) wins 2) goals for.\n",
      "wins: 4\n",
      "4.0\n",
      "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in order[-3:]:\n",
    "    print(newsgroups_train.data[i])\n",
    "    print(sentiment(newsgroups_train.data[i], True))\n",
    "    print(\"-\" * 80)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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