examples.go

// Copyright (C) MongoDB, Inc. 2017-present.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
// a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

// NOTE: Any time this file is modified, a WEBSITE ticket should be opened to sync the changes with
// the "What is MongoDB" webpage, which the example was originally added to as part of WEBSITE-5148.

package documentation_examples

import (
	"context"
	"io/ioutil"
	logger "log"
	"sync/atomic"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson/primitive"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/readconcern"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/readpref"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/writeconcern"
)

func requireCursorLength(t *testing.T, cursor *mongo.Cursor, length int) {
	i := 0
	for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
		i++
	}

	require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	require.Equal(t, i, length)
}

func containsKey(doc bson.Raw, key ...string) bool {
	_, err := doc.LookupErr(key...)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// InsertExamples contains examples for insert operations.
func InsertExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_insert")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 1

		result, err := coll.InsertOne(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", "canvas"},
				{"qty", 100},
				{"tags", bson.A{"cotton"}},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 28},
					{"w", 35.5},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 1

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.NotNil(t, result.InsertedID)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 2

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{{"item", "canvas"}},
		)

		// End Example 2

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)

	}

	{
		// Start Example 3

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(
			context.Background(),
			[]interface{}{
				bson.D{
					{"item", "journal"},
					{"qty", int32(25)},
					{"tags", bson.A{"blank", "red"}},
					{"size", bson.D{
						{"h", 14},
						{"w", 21},
						{"uom", "cm"},
					}},
				},
				bson.D{
					{"item", "mat"},
					{"qty", int32(25)},
					{"tags", bson.A{"gray"}},
					{"size", bson.D{
						{"h", 27.9},
						{"w", 35.5},
						{"uom", "cm"},
					}},
				},
				bson.D{
					{"item", "mousepad"},
					{"qty", 25},
					{"tags", bson.A{"gel", "blue"}},
					{"size", bson.D{
						{"h", 19},
						{"w", 22.85},
						{"uom", "cm"},
					}},
				},
			})

		// End Example 3

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 3)
	}
}

// QueryToplevelFieldsExamples contains examples for querying top-level fields.
func QueryToplevelFieldsExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_query_top")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 6

		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"item", "journal"},
				{"qty", 25},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 14},
					{"w", 21},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "notebook"},
				{"qty", 50},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"qty", 100},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "planner"},
				{"qty", 75},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 22.85},
					{"w", 30},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "postcard"},
				{"qty", 45},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 10},
					{"w", 15.25},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 6

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 7

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{},
		)

		// End Example 7

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 9

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{{"status", "D"}},
		)

		// End Example 9

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 2)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 10

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{{"status", bson.D{{"$in", bson.A{"A", "D"}}}}})

		// End Example 10

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 11

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
				{"qty", bson.D{{"$lt", 30}}},
			})

		// End Example 11

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 12

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"$or",
					bson.A{
						bson.D{{"status", "A"}},
						bson.D{{"qty", bson.D{{"$lt", 30}}}},
					}},
			})

		// End Example 12

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 3)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 13

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
				{"$or", bson.A{
					bson.D{{"qty", bson.D{{"$lt", 30}}}},
					bson.D{{"item", primitive.Regex{Pattern: "^p", Options: ""}}},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 13

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 2)
	}

}

// QueryEmbeddedDocumentsExamples contains examples for querying embedded document fields.
func QueryEmbeddedDocumentsExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_query_embedded")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 14

		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"item", "journal"},
				{"qty", 25},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 14},
					{"w", 21},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "notebook"},
				{"qty", 50},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"qty", 100},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "planner"},
				{"qty", 75},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 22.85},
					{"w", 30},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "postcard"},
				{"qty", 45},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 10},
					{"w", 15.25},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 14

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 15

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 14},
					{"w", 21},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 15

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 16

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"w", 21},
					{"h", 14},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 16

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 0)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 17

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{{"size.uom", "in"}},
		)

		// End Example 17

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 2)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 18

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"size.h", bson.D{
					{"$lt", 15},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 18

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 4)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 19

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"size.h", bson.D{
					{"$lt", 15},
				}},
				{"size.uom", "in"},
				{"status", "D"},
			})

		// End Example 19

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

}

// QueryArraysExamples contains examples for querying array fields.
func QueryArraysExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_query_array")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 20

		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"item", "journal"},
				{"qty", 25},
				{"tags", bson.A{"blank", "red"}},
				{"dim_cm", bson.A{14, 21}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "notebook"},
				{"qty", 50},
				{"tags", bson.A{"red", "blank"}},
				{"dim_cm", bson.A{14, 21}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"qty", 100},
				{"tags", bson.A{"red", "blank", "plain"}},
				{"dim_cm", bson.A{14, 21}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "planner"},
				{"qty", 75},
				{"tags", bson.A{"blank", "red"}},
				{"dim_cm", bson.A{22.85, 30}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "postcard"},
				{"qty", 45},
				{"tags", bson.A{"blue"}},
				{"dim_cm", bson.A{10, 15.25}},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 20

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 21

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{{"tags", bson.A{"red", "blank"}}},
		)

		// End Example 21

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 22

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"tags", bson.D{{"$all", bson.A{"red", "blank"}}}},
			})

		// End Example 22

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 4)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 23

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"tags", "red"},
			})

		// End Example 23

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 4)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 24

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"dim_cm", bson.D{
					{"$gt", 25},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 24

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 25

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"dim_cm", bson.D{
					{"$gt", 15},
					{"$lt", 20},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 25

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 4)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 26

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"dim_cm", bson.D{
					{"$elemMatch", bson.D{
						{"$gt", 22},
						{"$lt", 30},
					}},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 26

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 27

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"dim_cm.1", bson.D{
					{"$gt", 25},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 27

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 28

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"tags", bson.D{
					{"$size", 3},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 28

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

}

// QueryArrayEmbeddedDocumentsExamples contains examples for querying fields with arrays and embedded documents.
func QueryArrayEmbeddedDocumentsExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_query_array_embedded")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 29

		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"item", "journal"},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "A"},
						{"qty", 5},
					},
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "C"},
						{"qty", 15},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "notebook"},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "C"},
						{"qty", 5},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "A"},
						{"qty", 60},
					},
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "B"},
						{"qty", 15},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "planner"},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "A"},
						{"qty", 40},
					},
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "B"},
						{"qty", 5},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "postcard"},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "B"},
						{"qty", 15},
					},
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "C"},
						{"qty", 35},
					},
				}},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 29

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 30

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock", bson.D{
					{"warehouse", "A"},
					{"qty", 5},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 30

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 31

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock", bson.D{
					{"qty", 5},
					{"warehouse", "A"},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 31

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 0)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 32

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock.0.qty", bson.D{
					{"$lte", 20},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 32

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 3)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 33

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock.qty", bson.D{
					{"$lte", 20},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 33

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 34

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock", bson.D{
					{"$elemMatch", bson.D{
						{"qty", 5},
						{"warehouse", "A"},
					}},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 34

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 35

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock", bson.D{
					{"$elemMatch", bson.D{
						{"qty", bson.D{
							{"$gt", 10},
							{"$lte", 20},
						}},
					}},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 35

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 3)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 36

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock.qty", bson.D{
					{"$gt", 10},
					{"$lte", 20},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 36

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 4)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 37

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"instock.qty", 5},
				{"instock.warehouse", "A"},
			})

		// End Example 37

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 2)
	}
}

// QueryNullMissingFieldsExamples contains examples for querying fields that are null or missing.
func QueryNullMissingFieldsExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_query_null_missing")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 38

		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"_id", 1},
				{"item", nil},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"_id", 2},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 38

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 2)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 39

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", nil},
			})

		// End Example 39

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 2)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 40

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", bson.D{
					{"$type", 10},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 40

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 41

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", bson.D{
					{"$exists", false},
				}},
			})

		// End Example 41

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 1)
	}
}

// ProjectionExamples contains examples for specifying projections in find operations.
func ProjectionExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_project")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 42

		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"item", "journal"},
				{"status", "A"},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 14},
					{"w", 21},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "A"},
						{"qty", 5},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "notebook"},
				{"status", "A"},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "EC"},
						{"qty", 5},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"status", "D"},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "A"},
						{"qty", 60},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "planner"},
				{"status", "D"},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 22.85},
					{"w", 30},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "A"},
						{"qty", 40},
					},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "postcard"},
				{"status", "A"},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 10},
					{"w", 15.25},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "B"},
						{"qty", 15},
					},
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "EC"},
						{"qty", 35},
					},
				}},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 42

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 43

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{{"status", "A"}},
		)

		// End Example 43

		require.NoError(t, err)
		requireCursorLength(t, cursor, 3)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 44

		projection := bson.D{
			{"item", 1},
			{"status", 1},
		}

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			options.Find().SetProjection(projection),
		)

		// End Example 44

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "item"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "status"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "size"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "instock"))
		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 45

		projection := bson.D{
			{"item", 1},
			{"status", 1},
			{"_id", 0},
		}

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			options.Find().SetProjection(projection),
		)

		// End Example 45

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "item"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "status"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "size"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "instock"))
		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 46

		projection := bson.D{
			{"status", 0},
			{"instock", 0},
		}

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			options.Find().SetProjection(projection),
		)

		// End Example 46

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "item"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "status"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "size"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "instock"))
		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 47

		projection := bson.D{
			{"item", 1},
			{"status", 1},
			{"size.uom", 1},
		}

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			options.Find().SetProjection(projection),
		)

		// End Example 47

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "item"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "status"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "size"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "instock"))

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "size", "uom"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "size", "h"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "size", "w"))

		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 48

		projection := bson.D{
			{"size.uom", 0},
		}

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			options.Find().SetProjection(projection),
		)

		// End Example 48

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "item"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "status"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "size"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "instock"))

			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "size", "uom"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "size", "h"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "size", "w"))

		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 49

		projection := bson.D{
			{"item", 1},
			{"status", 1},
			{"instock.qty", 1},
		}

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			options.Find().SetProjection(projection),
		)

		// End Example 49

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "item"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "status"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "size"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "instock"))

			instock, err := doc.LookupErr("instock")
			require.NoError(t, err)

			vals, err := instock.Array().Values()
			require.NoError(t, err)

			for _, val := range vals {
				require.Equal(t, bson.TypeEmbeddedDocument, val.Type)
				subdoc := val.Document()
				elems, err := subdoc.Elements()
				require.NoError(t, err)

				require.Equal(t, 1, len(elems))
				_, err = subdoc.LookupErr("qty")
				require.NoError(t, err)
			}
		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 50

		projection := bson.D{
			{"item", 1},
			{"status", 1},
			{"instock", bson.D{
				{"$slice", -1},
			}},
		}

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			options.Find().SetProjection(projection),
		)

		// End Example 50

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "item"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "status"))
			require.False(t, containsKey(doc, "size"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "instock"))

			instock, err := doc.LookupErr("instock")
			require.NoError(t, err)
			vals, err := instock.Array().Values()
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, len(vals), 1)
		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}
}

// UpdateExamples contains examples of update operations.
func UpdateExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_update")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 51

		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"item", "canvas"},
				{"qty", 100},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 28},
					{"w", 35.5},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "journal"},
				{"qty", 25},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 14},
					{"w", 21},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "mat"},
				{"qty", 85},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 27.9},
					{"w", 35.5},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "mousepad"},
				{"qty", 25},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 19},
					{"w", 22.85},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "P"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "notebook"},
				{"qty", 50},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "P"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"qty", 100},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "planner"},
				{"qty", 75},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 22.85},
					{"w", 30},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "postcard"},
				{"qty", 45},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 10},
					{"w", 15.25},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "sketchbook"},
				{"qty", 80},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 14},
					{"w", 21},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "sketch pad"},
				{"qty", 95},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 22.85},
					{"w", 30.5},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 51

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 10)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 52

		result, err := coll.UpdateOne(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"$set", bson.D{
					{"size.uom", "cm"},
					{"status", "P"},
				}},
				{"$currentDate", bson.D{
					{"lastModified", true},
				}},
			},
		)

		// End Example 52

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, int64(1), result.MatchedCount)
		require.Equal(t, int64(1), result.ModifiedCount)

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
			})

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			uom, err := doc.LookupErr("size", "uom")
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, uom.StringValue(), "cm")

			status, err := doc.LookupErr("status")
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, status.StringValue(), "P")

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "lastModified"))
		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 53

		result, err := coll.UpdateMany(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"qty", bson.D{
					{"$lt", 50},
				}},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"$set", bson.D{
					{"size.uom", "cm"},
					{"status", "P"},
				}},
				{"$currentDate", bson.D{
					{"lastModified", true},
				}},
			},
		)

		// End Example 53

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, int64(3), result.MatchedCount)
		require.Equal(t, int64(3), result.ModifiedCount)

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"qty", bson.D{
					{"$lt", 50},
				}},
			})

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			doc := cursor.Current

			uom, err := doc.LookupErr("size", "uom")
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, uom.StringValue(), "cm")

			status, err := doc.LookupErr("status")
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, status.StringValue(), "P")

			require.True(t, containsKey(doc, "lastModified"))
		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

	{
		// Start Example 54

		result, err := coll.ReplaceOne(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"instock", bson.A{
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "A"},
						{"qty", 60},
					},
					bson.D{
						{"warehouse", "B"},
						{"qty", 40},
					},
				}},
			},
		)

		// End Example 54

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, int64(1), result.MatchedCount)
		require.Equal(t, int64(1), result.ModifiedCount)

		cursor, err := coll.Find(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
			})

		require.NoError(t, err)

		for cursor.Next(context.Background()) {
			require.True(t, containsKey(cursor.Current, "_id"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(cursor.Current, "item"))
			require.True(t, containsKey(cursor.Current, "instock"))

			instock, err := cursor.Current.LookupErr("instock")
			require.NoError(t, err)
			vals, err := instock.Array().Values()
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, len(vals), 2)

		}

		require.NoError(t, cursor.Err())
	}

}

// DeleteExamples contains examples of delete operations.
func DeleteExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	coll := db.Collection("inventory_delete")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	{
		// Start Example 55
		docs := []interface{}{
			bson.D{
				{"item", "journal"},
				{"qty", 25},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 14},
					{"w", 21},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "notebook"},
				{"qty", 50},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "P"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "paper"},
				{"qty", 100},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 8.5},
					{"w", 11},
					{"uom", "in"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "planner"},
				{"qty", 75},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 22.85},
					{"w", 30},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "D"},
			},
			bson.D{
				{"item", "postcard"},
				{"qty", 45},
				{"size", bson.D{
					{"h", 10},
					{"w", 15.25},
					{"uom", "cm"},
				}},
				{"status", "A"},
			},
		}

		result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.Background(), docs)

		// End Example 55

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Len(t, result.InsertedIDs, 5)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 57

		result, err := coll.DeleteMany(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "A"},
			},
		)

		// End Example 57

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, int64(2), result.DeletedCount)
	}

	{
		// Start Example 58

		result, err := coll.DeleteOne(
			context.Background(),
			bson.D{
				{"status", "D"},
			},
		)

		// End Example 58

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, int64(1), result.DeletedCount)

	}

	{
		// Start Example 56

		result, err := coll.DeleteMany(context.Background(), bson.D{})

		// End Example 56

		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, int64(2), result.DeletedCount)
	}
}

var log = logger.New(ioutil.Discard, "", logger.LstdFlags)

// Start Transactions Intro Example 1

// UpdateEmployeeInfo is an example function demonstrating transactions.
func UpdateEmployeeInfo(ctx context.Context, client *mongo.Client) error {
	employees := client.Database("hr").Collection("employees")
	events := client.Database("reporting").Collection("events")

	return client.UseSession(ctx, func(sctx mongo.SessionContext) error {
		err := sctx.StartTransaction(options.Transaction().
			SetReadConcern(readconcern.Snapshot()).
			SetWriteConcern(writeconcern.New(writeconcern.WMajority())),
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		_, err = employees.UpdateOne(sctx, bson.D{{"employee", 3}}, bson.D{{"$set", bson.D{{"status", "Inactive"}}}})
		if err != nil {
			sctx.AbortTransaction(sctx)
			log.Println("caught exception during transaction, aborting.")
			return err
		}
		_, err = events.InsertOne(sctx, bson.D{{"employee", 3}, {"status", bson.D{{"new", "Inactive"}, {"old", "Active"}}}})
		if err != nil {
			sctx.AbortTransaction(sctx)
			log.Println("caught exception during transaction, aborting.")
			return err
		}

		for {
			err = sctx.CommitTransaction(sctx)
			switch e := err.(type) {
			case nil:
				return nil
			case mongo.CommandError:
				if e.HasErrorLabel("UnknownTransactionCommitResult") {
					log.Println("UnknownTransactionCommitResult, retrying commit operation...")
					continue
				}
				log.Println("Error during commit...")
				return e
			default:
				log.Println("Error during commit...")
				return e
			}
		}
	})
}

// End Transactions Intro Example 1

// Start Transactions Retry Example 1

// RunTransactionWithRetry is an example function demonstrating transaction retry logic.
func RunTransactionWithRetry(sctx mongo.SessionContext, txnFn func(mongo.SessionContext) error) error {
	for {
		err := txnFn(sctx) // Performs transaction.
		if err == nil {
			return nil
		}

		log.Println("Transaction aborted. Caught exception during transaction.")

		// If transient error, retry the whole transaction
		if cmdErr, ok := err.(mongo.CommandError); ok && cmdErr.HasErrorLabel("TransientTransactionError") {
			log.Println("TransientTransactionError, retrying transaction...")
			continue
		}
		return err
	}
}

// End Transactions Retry Example 1

// Start Transactions Retry Example 2

// CommitWithRetry is an example function demonstrating transaction commit with retry logic.
func CommitWithRetry(sctx mongo.SessionContext) error {
	for {
		err := sctx.CommitTransaction(sctx)
		switch e := err.(type) {
		case nil:
			log.Println("Transaction committed.")
			return nil
		case mongo.CommandError:
			// Can retry commit
			if e.HasErrorLabel("UnknownTransactionCommitResult") {
				log.Println("UnknownTransactionCommitResult, retrying commit operation...")
				continue
			}
			log.Println("Error during commit...")
			return e
		default:
			log.Println("Error during commit...")
			return e
		}
	}
}

// End Transactions Retry Example 2

// TransactionsExamples contains examples for transaction operations.
func TransactionsExamples(ctx context.Context, client *mongo.Client) error {
	_, err := client.Database("hr").Collection("employees").InsertOne(ctx, bson.D{{"pi", 3.14159}})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err = client.Database("hr").Collection("employees").DeleteOne(ctx, bson.D{{"pi", 3.14159}})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err = client.Database("reporting").Collection("events").InsertOne(ctx, bson.D{{"pi", 3.14159}})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err = client.Database("reporting").Collection("events").DeleteOne(ctx, bson.D{{"pi", 3.14159}})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Start Transactions Retry Example 3

	runTransactionWithRetry := func(sctx mongo.SessionContext, txnFn func(mongo.SessionContext) error) error {
		for {
			err := txnFn(sctx) // Performs transaction.
			if err == nil {
				return nil
			}

			log.Println("Transaction aborted. Caught exception during transaction.")

			// If transient error, retry the whole transaction
			if cmdErr, ok := err.(mongo.CommandError); ok && cmdErr.HasErrorLabel("TransientTransactionError") {
				log.Println("TransientTransactionError, retrying transaction...")
				continue
			}
			return err
		}
	}

	commitWithRetry := func(sctx mongo.SessionContext) error {
		for {
			err := sctx.CommitTransaction(sctx)
			switch e := err.(type) {
			case nil:
				log.Println("Transaction committed.")
				return nil
			case mongo.CommandError:
				// Can retry commit
				if e.HasErrorLabel("UnknownTransactionCommitResult") {
					log.Println("UnknownTransactionCommitResult, retrying commit operation...")
					continue
				}
				log.Println("Error during commit...")
				return e
			default:
				log.Println("Error during commit...")
				return e
			}
		}
	}

	// Updates two collections in a transaction.
	updateEmployeeInfo := func(sctx mongo.SessionContext) error {
		employees := client.Database("hr").Collection("employees")
		events := client.Database("reporting").Collection("events")

		err := sctx.StartTransaction(options.Transaction().
			SetReadConcern(readconcern.Snapshot()).
			SetWriteConcern(writeconcern.New(writeconcern.WMajority())),
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		_, err = employees.UpdateOne(sctx, bson.D{{"employee", 3}}, bson.D{{"$set", bson.D{{"status", "Inactive"}}}})
		if err != nil {
			sctx.AbortTransaction(sctx)
			log.Println("caught exception during transaction, aborting.")
			return err
		}
		_, err = events.InsertOne(sctx, bson.D{{"employee", 3}, {"status", bson.D{{"new", "Inactive"}, {"old", "Active"}}}})
		if err != nil {
			sctx.AbortTransaction(sctx)
			log.Println("caught exception during transaction, aborting.")
			return err
		}

		return commitWithRetry(sctx)
	}

	return client.UseSessionWithOptions(
		ctx, options.Session().SetDefaultReadPreference(readpref.Primary()),
		func(sctx mongo.SessionContext) error {
			return runTransactionWithRetry(sctx, updateEmployeeInfo)
		},
	)
}

// End Transactions Retry Example 3

// ChangeStreamExamples contains examples of changestream operations.
func ChangeStreamExamples(t *testing.T, db *mongo.Database) {
	ctx := context.Background()

	coll := db.Collection("inventory_changestream")

	err := coll.Drop(context.Background())
	require.NoError(t, err)

	_, err = coll.InsertOne(ctx, bson.D{{"x", int32(1)}})
	require.NoError(t, err)

	var stop int32

	doInserts := func(coll *mongo.Collection) {
		for atomic.LoadInt32(&stop) == 0 {
			_, err = coll.InsertOne(ctx, bson.D{{"x", 1}})
			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
			coll.DeleteOne(ctx, bson.D{{"x", 1}})
		}
	}

	go doInserts(coll)

	{
		// Start Changestream Example 1

		cs, err := coll.Watch(ctx, mongo.Pipeline{})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		defer cs.Close(ctx)

		ok := cs.Next(ctx)
		next := cs.Current

		// End Changestream Example 1

		require.True(t, ok)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.NotEqual(t, len(next), 0)
	}
	{
		// Start Changestream Example 2

		cs, err := coll.Watch(ctx, mongo.Pipeline{}, options.ChangeStream().SetFullDocument(options.UpdateLookup))
		require.NoError(t, err)
		defer cs.Close(ctx)

		ok := cs.Next(ctx)
		next := cs.Current

		// End Changestream Example 2

		require.True(t, ok)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.NotEqual(t, len(next), 0)
	}

	{
		original, err := coll.Watch(ctx, mongo.Pipeline{})
		require.NoError(t, err)
		defer original.Close(ctx)

		ok := original.Next(ctx)
		require.True(t, ok)

		// Start Changestream Example 3
		resumeToken := original.ResumeToken()

		cs, err := coll.Watch(ctx, mongo.Pipeline{}, options.ChangeStream().SetResumeAfter(resumeToken))
		require.NoError(t, err)
		defer cs.Close(ctx)

		ok = cs.Next(ctx)
		result := cs.Current

		// End Changestream Example 3

		require.True(t, ok)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.NotEqual(t, len(result), 0)
	}

	{
		// Start Changestream Example 4
		pipeline := mongo.Pipeline{bson.D{{"$match", bson.D{{"$or",
			bson.A{
				bson.D{{"fullDocument.username", "alice"}},
				bson.D{{"operationType", "delete"}}}}},
		}}}
		cs, err := coll.Watch(ctx, pipeline)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		defer cs.Close(ctx)

		ok := cs.Next(ctx)
		next := cs.Current

		// End Changestream Example 4

		require.True(t, ok)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.NotEqual(t, len(next), 0)
	}

	atomic.StoreInt32(&stop, 1)
}