fix: support the throwIfNoEntry option to statSync and lstatSync in asar files

[MarshallOfSound]

Fixes #40211

Caused by node internal code that looks like this:

const tryStatSync =
  (path) => fs.statSync(path, { throwIfNoEntry: false }) ?? new fs.Stats();

Notes:

• Fixed loading nested ESM dependencies in node_modules
• Correctly support the throwIfNoEntry option in fs.statSync/fs.lstatSync in asar files

[release-clerk]

Release Notes Persisted

• Fixed loading nested ESM dependencies in node_modules
• Correctly support the throwIfNoEntry option in fs.statSync/fs.lstatSync in asar files

[trop]

I have automatically backported this PR to "28-x-y", please check out #40224