peer.go

// Copyright 2020 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package eth

import (
	"math/big"
	"math/rand"
	"sync"

	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
)

const (
	// maxKnownTxs is the maximum transactions hashes to keep in the known list
	// before starting to randomly evict them.
	maxKnownTxs = 32768

	// maxKnownBlocks is the maximum block hashes to keep in the known list
	// before starting to randomly evict them.
	maxKnownBlocks = 1024

	// maxQueuedTxs is the maximum number of transactions to queue up before dropping
	// older broadcasts.
	maxQueuedTxs = 4096

	// maxQueuedTxAnns is the maximum number of transaction announcements to queue up
	// before dropping older announcements.
	maxQueuedTxAnns = 4096

	// maxQueuedBlocks is the maximum number of block propagations to queue up before
	// dropping broadcasts. There's not much point in queueing stale blocks, so a few
	// that might cover uncles should be enough.
	maxQueuedBlocks = 4

	// maxQueuedBlockAnns is the maximum number of block announcements to queue up before
	// dropping broadcasts. Similarly to block propagations, there's no point to queue
	// above some healthy uncle limit, so use that.
	maxQueuedBlockAnns = 4
)

// max is a helper function which returns the larger of the two given integers.
func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

// Peer is a collection of relevant information we have about a `eth` peer.
type Peer struct {
	id string // Unique ID for the peer, cached

	*p2p.Peer                   // The embedded P2P package peer
	rw        p2p.MsgReadWriter // Input/output streams for snap
	version   uint              // Protocol version negotiated

	head common.Hash // Latest advertised head block hash
	td   *big.Int    // Latest advertised head block total difficulty

	knownBlocks     *knownCache            // Set of block hashes known to be known by this peer
	queuedBlocks    chan *blockPropagation // Queue of blocks to broadcast to the peer
	queuedBlockAnns chan *types.Block      // Queue of blocks to announce to the peer

	txpool      TxPool             // Transaction pool used by the broadcasters for liveness checks
	knownTxs    *knownCache        // Set of transaction hashes known to be known by this peer
	txBroadcast chan []common.Hash // Channel used to queue transaction propagation requests
	txAnnounce  chan []common.Hash // Channel used to queue transaction announcement requests

	reqDispatch chan *request  // Dispatch channel to send requests and track then until fulfilment
	reqCancel   chan *cancel   // Dispatch channel to cancel pending requests and untrack them
	resDispatch chan *response // Dispatch channel to fulfil pending requests and untrack them

	term chan struct{} // Termination channel to stop the broadcasters
	lock sync.RWMutex  // Mutex protecting the internal fields
}

// NewPeer create a wrapper for a network connection and negotiated  protocol
// version.
func NewPeer(version uint, p *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter, txpool TxPool) *Peer {
	peer := &Peer{
		id:              p.ID().String(),
		Peer:            p,
		rw:              rw,
		version:         version,
		knownTxs:        newKnownCache(maxKnownTxs),
		knownBlocks:     newKnownCache(maxKnownBlocks),
		queuedBlocks:    make(chan *blockPropagation, maxQueuedBlocks),
		queuedBlockAnns: make(chan *types.Block, maxQueuedBlockAnns),
		txBroadcast:     make(chan []common.Hash),
		txAnnounce:      make(chan []common.Hash),
		reqDispatch:     make(chan *request),
		reqCancel:       make(chan *cancel),
		resDispatch:     make(chan *response),
		txpool:          txpool,
		term:            make(chan struct{}),
	}
	// Start up all the broadcasters
	go peer.broadcastBlocks()
	go peer.broadcastTransactions()
	go peer.announceTransactions()
	go peer.dispatcher()

	return peer
}

// Close signals the broadcast goroutine to terminate. Only ever call this if
// you created the peer yourself via NewPeer. Otherwise let whoever created it
// clean it up!
func (p *Peer) Close() {
	close(p.term)
}

// ID retrieves the peer's unique identifier.
func (p *Peer) ID() string {
	return p.id
}

// Version retrieves the peer's negotiated `eth` protocol version.
func (p *Peer) Version() uint {
	return p.version
}

// Head retrieves the current head hash and total difficulty of the peer.
func (p *Peer) Head() (hash common.Hash, td *big.Int) {
	p.lock.RLock()
	defer p.lock.RUnlock()

	copy(hash[:], p.head[:])
	return hash, new(big.Int).Set(p.td)
}

// SetHead updates the head hash and total difficulty of the peer.
func (p *Peer) SetHead(hash common.Hash, td *big.Int) {
	p.lock.Lock()
	defer p.lock.Unlock()

	copy(p.head[:], hash[:])
	p.td.Set(td)
}

// KnownBlock returns whether peer is known to already have a block.
func (p *Peer) KnownBlock(hash common.Hash) bool {
	return p.knownBlocks.Contains(hash)
}

// KnownTransaction returns whether peer is known to already have a transaction.
func (p *Peer) KnownTransaction(hash common.Hash) bool {
	return p.knownTxs.Contains(hash)
}

// markBlock marks a block as known for the peer, ensuring that the block will
// never be propagated to this particular peer.
func (p *Peer) markBlock(hash common.Hash) {
	// If we reached the memory allowance, drop a previously known block hash
	p.knownBlocks.Add(hash)
}

// markTransaction marks a transaction as known for the peer, ensuring that it
// will never be propagated to this particular peer.
func (p *Peer) markTransaction(hash common.Hash) {
	// If we reached the memory allowance, drop a previously known transaction hash
	p.knownTxs.Add(hash)
}

// SendTransactions sends transactions to the peer and includes the hashes
// in its transaction hash set for future reference.
//
// This method is a helper used by the async transaction sender. Don't call it
// directly as the queueing (memory) and transmission (bandwidth) costs should
// not be managed directly.
//
// The reasons this is public is to allow packages using this protocol to write
// tests that directly send messages without having to do the async queueing.
func (p *Peer) SendTransactions(txs types.Transactions) error {
	// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
	for _, tx := range txs {
		p.knownTxs.Add(tx.Hash())
	}
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, TransactionsMsg, txs)
}

// AsyncSendTransactions queues a list of transactions (by hash) to eventually
// propagate to a remote peer. The number of pending sends are capped (new ones
// will force old sends to be dropped)
func (p *Peer) AsyncSendTransactions(hashes []common.Hash) {
	select {
	case p.txBroadcast <- hashes:
		// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
		p.knownTxs.Add(hashes...)
	case <-p.term:
		p.Log().Debug("Dropping transaction propagation", "count", len(hashes))
	}
}

// sendPooledTransactionHashes66 sends transaction hashes to the peer and includes
// them in its transaction hash set for future reference.
//
// This method is a helper used by the async transaction announcer. Don't call it
// directly as the queueing (memory) and transmission (bandwidth) costs should
// not be managed directly.
func (p *Peer) sendPooledTransactionHashes66(hashes []common.Hash) error {
	// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
	p.knownTxs.Add(hashes...)
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg, NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket66(hashes))
}

// sendPooledTransactionHashes68 sends transaction hashes (tagged with their type
// and size) to the peer and includes them in its transaction hash set for future
// reference.
//
// This method is a helper used by the async transaction announcer. Don't call it
// directly as the queueing (memory) and transmission (bandwidth) costs should
// not be managed directly.
func (p *Peer) sendPooledTransactionHashes68(hashes []common.Hash, types []byte, sizes []uint32) error {
	// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
	p.knownTxs.Add(hashes...)
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg, NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68{Types: types, Sizes: sizes, Hashes: hashes})
}

// AsyncSendPooledTransactionHashes queues a list of transactions hashes to eventually
// announce to a remote peer.  The number of pending sends are capped (new ones
// will force old sends to be dropped)
func (p *Peer) AsyncSendPooledTransactionHashes(hashes []common.Hash) {
	select {
	case p.txAnnounce <- hashes:
		// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
		p.knownTxs.Add(hashes...)
	case <-p.term:
		p.Log().Debug("Dropping transaction announcement", "count", len(hashes))
	}
}

// ReplyPooledTransactionsRLP is the eth/66 version of SendPooledTransactionsRLP.
func (p *Peer) ReplyPooledTransactionsRLP(id uint64, hashes []common.Hash, txs []rlp.RawValue) error {
	// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
	p.knownTxs.Add(hashes...)

	// Not packed into PooledTransactionsPacket to avoid RLP decoding
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, PooledTransactionsMsg, &PooledTransactionsRLPPacket66{
		RequestId:                   id,
		PooledTransactionsRLPPacket: txs,
	})
}

// SendNewBlockHashes announces the availability of a number of blocks through
// a hash notification.
func (p *Peer) SendNewBlockHashes(hashes []common.Hash, numbers []uint64) error {
	// Mark all the block hashes as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
	p.knownBlocks.Add(hashes...)

	request := make(NewBlockHashesPacket, len(hashes))
	for i := 0; i < len(hashes); i++ {
		request[i].Hash = hashes[i]
		request[i].Number = numbers[i]
	}
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NewBlockHashesMsg, request)
}

// AsyncSendNewBlockHash queues the availability of a block for propagation to a
// remote peer. If the peer's broadcast queue is full, the event is silently
// dropped.
func (p *Peer) AsyncSendNewBlockHash(block *types.Block) {
	select {
	case p.queuedBlockAnns <- block:
		// Mark all the block hash as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
		p.knownBlocks.Add(block.Hash())
	default:
		p.Log().Debug("Dropping block announcement", "number", block.NumberU64(), "hash", block.Hash())
	}
}

// SendNewBlock propagates an entire block to a remote peer.
func (p *Peer) SendNewBlock(block *types.Block, td *big.Int) error {
	// Mark all the block hash as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
	p.knownBlocks.Add(block.Hash())
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NewBlockMsg, &NewBlockPacket{
		Block: block,
		TD:    td,
	})
}

// AsyncSendNewBlock queues an entire block for propagation to a remote peer. If
// the peer's broadcast queue is full, the event is silently dropped.
func (p *Peer) AsyncSendNewBlock(block *types.Block, td *big.Int) {
	select {
	case p.queuedBlocks <- &blockPropagation{block: block, td: td}:
		// Mark all the block hash as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
		p.knownBlocks.Add(block.Hash())
	default:
		p.Log().Debug("Dropping block propagation", "number", block.NumberU64(), "hash", block.Hash())
	}
}

// ReplyBlockHeadersRLP is the eth/66 response to GetBlockHeaders.
func (p *Peer) ReplyBlockHeadersRLP(id uint64, headers []rlp.RawValue) error {
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, BlockHeadersMsg, &BlockHeadersRLPPacket66{
		RequestId:             id,
		BlockHeadersRLPPacket: headers,
	})
}

// ReplyBlockBodiesRLP is the eth/66 response to GetBlockBodies.
func (p *Peer) ReplyBlockBodiesRLP(id uint64, bodies []rlp.RawValue) error {
	// Not packed into BlockBodiesPacket to avoid RLP decoding
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, BlockBodiesMsg, &BlockBodiesRLPPacket66{
		RequestId:            id,
		BlockBodiesRLPPacket: bodies,
	})
}

// ReplyNodeData is the eth/66 response to GetNodeData.
func (p *Peer) ReplyNodeData(id uint64, data [][]byte) error {
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NodeDataMsg, &NodeDataPacket66{
		RequestId:      id,
		NodeDataPacket: data,
	})
}

// ReplyReceiptsRLP is the eth/66 response to GetReceipts.
func (p *Peer) ReplyReceiptsRLP(id uint64, receipts []rlp.RawValue) error {
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, ReceiptsMsg, &ReceiptsRLPPacket66{
		RequestId:         id,
		ReceiptsRLPPacket: receipts,
	})
}

// RequestOneHeader is a wrapper around the header query functions to fetch a
// single header. It is used solely by the fetcher.
func (p *Peer) RequestOneHeader(hash common.Hash, sink chan *Response) (*Request, error) {
	p.Log().Debug("Fetching single header", "hash", hash)
	id := rand.Uint64()

	req := &Request{
		id:   id,
		sink: sink,
		code: GetBlockHeadersMsg,
		want: BlockHeadersMsg,
		data: &GetBlockHeadersPacket66{
			RequestId: id,
			GetBlockHeadersPacket: &GetBlockHeadersPacket{
				Origin:  HashOrNumber{Hash: hash},
				Amount:  uint64(1),
				Skip:    uint64(0),
				Reverse: false,
			},
		},
	}
	if err := p.dispatchRequest(req); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return req, nil
}

// RequestHeadersByHash fetches a batch of blocks' headers corresponding to the
// specified header query, based on the hash of an origin block.
func (p *Peer) RequestHeadersByHash(origin common.Hash, amount int, skip int, reverse bool, sink chan *Response) (*Request, error) {
	p.Log().Debug("Fetching batch of headers", "count", amount, "fromhash", origin, "skip", skip, "reverse", reverse)
	id := rand.Uint64()

	req := &Request{
		id:   id,
		sink: sink,
		code: GetBlockHeadersMsg,
		want: BlockHeadersMsg,
		data: &GetBlockHeadersPacket66{
			RequestId: id,
			GetBlockHeadersPacket: &GetBlockHeadersPacket{
				Origin:  HashOrNumber{Hash: origin},
				Amount:  uint64(amount),
				Skip:    uint64(skip),
				Reverse: reverse,
			},
		},
	}
	if err := p.dispatchRequest(req); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return req, nil
}

// RequestHeadersByNumber fetches a batch of blocks' headers corresponding to the
// specified header query, based on the number of an origin block.
func (p *Peer) RequestHeadersByNumber(origin uint64, amount int, skip int, reverse bool, sink chan *Response) (*Request, error) {
	p.Log().Debug("Fetching batch of headers", "count", amount, "fromnum", origin, "skip", skip, "reverse", reverse)
	id := rand.Uint64()

	req := &Request{
		id:   id,
		sink: sink,
		code: GetBlockHeadersMsg,
		want: BlockHeadersMsg,
		data: &GetBlockHeadersPacket66{
			RequestId: id,
			GetBlockHeadersPacket: &GetBlockHeadersPacket{
				Origin:  HashOrNumber{Number: origin},
				Amount:  uint64(amount),
				Skip:    uint64(skip),
				Reverse: reverse,
			},
		},
	}
	if err := p.dispatchRequest(req); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return req, nil
}

// RequestBodies fetches a batch of blocks' bodies corresponding to the hashes
// specified.
func (p *Peer) RequestBodies(hashes []common.Hash, sink chan *Response) (*Request, error) {
	p.Log().Debug("Fetching batch of block bodies", "count", len(hashes))
	id := rand.Uint64()

	req := &Request{
		id:   id,
		sink: sink,
		code: GetBlockBodiesMsg,
		want: BlockBodiesMsg,
		data: &GetBlockBodiesPacket66{
			RequestId:            id,
			GetBlockBodiesPacket: hashes,
		},
	}
	if err := p.dispatchRequest(req); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return req, nil
}

// RequestNodeData fetches a batch of arbitrary data from a node's known state
// data, corresponding to the specified hashes.
func (p *Peer) RequestNodeData(hashes []common.Hash, sink chan *Response) (*Request, error) {
	p.Log().Debug("Fetching batch of state data", "count", len(hashes))
	id := rand.Uint64()

	req := &Request{
		id:   id,
		sink: sink,
		code: GetNodeDataMsg,
		want: NodeDataMsg,
		data: &GetNodeDataPacket66{
			RequestId:         id,
			GetNodeDataPacket: hashes,
		},
	}
	if err := p.dispatchRequest(req); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return req, nil
}

// RequestReceipts fetches a batch of transaction receipts from a remote node.
func (p *Peer) RequestReceipts(hashes []common.Hash, sink chan *Response) (*Request, error) {
	p.Log().Debug("Fetching batch of receipts", "count", len(hashes))
	id := rand.Uint64()

	req := &Request{
		id:   id,
		sink: sink,
		code: GetReceiptsMsg,
		want: ReceiptsMsg,
		data: &GetReceiptsPacket66{
			RequestId:         id,
			GetReceiptsPacket: hashes,
		},
	}
	if err := p.dispatchRequest(req); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return req, nil
}

// RequestTxs fetches a batch of transactions from a remote node.
func (p *Peer) RequestTxs(hashes []common.Hash) error {
	p.Log().Debug("Fetching batch of transactions", "count", len(hashes))
	id := rand.Uint64()

	requestTracker.Track(p.id, p.version, GetPooledTransactionsMsg, PooledTransactionsMsg, id)
	return p2p.Send(p.rw, GetPooledTransactionsMsg, &GetPooledTransactionsPacket66{
		RequestId:                   id,
		GetPooledTransactionsPacket: hashes,
	})
}

// knownCache is a cache for known hashes.
type knownCache struct {
	hashes mapset.Set[common.Hash]
	max    int
}

// newKnownCache creates a new knownCache with a max capacity.
func newKnownCache(max int) *knownCache {
	return &knownCache{
		max:    max,
		hashes: mapset.NewSet[common.Hash](),
	}
}

// Add adds a list of elements to the set.
func (k *knownCache) Add(hashes ...common.Hash) {
	for k.hashes.Cardinality() > max(0, k.max-len(hashes)) {
		k.hashes.Pop()
	}
	for _, hash := range hashes {
		k.hashes.Add(hash)
	}
}

// Contains returns whether the given item is in the set.
func (k *knownCache) Contains(hash common.Hash) bool {
	return k.hashes.Contains(hash)
}

// Cardinality returns the number of elements in the set.
func (k *knownCache) Cardinality() int {
	return k.hashes.Cardinality()
}