falco-sandbox_rules.yaml

# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#
# Copyright (C) 2023 The Falco Authors.
#
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#

# Information about rules tags and fields can be found here: https://falco.org/docs/rules/#tags-for-current-falco-ruleset
# The initial item in the `tags` fields reflects the maturity level of the rules introduced upon the proposal https://github.com/falcosecurity/rules/blob/main/proposals/20230605-rules-adoption-management-maturity-framework.md
# `tags` fields also include information about the type of workload inspection (host and/or container), and Mitre Attack killchain phases and Mitre TTP code(s)
# Mitre Attack References:
# [1] https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/enterprise/
# [2] https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre/cti/master/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack.json

# Starting with version 8, the Falco engine supports exceptions.
# However the Falco rules file does not use them by default.
- required_engine_version: 0.26.0

# Currently disabled as read/write are ignored syscalls. The nearly
# similar open_write/open_read check for files being opened for
# reading/writing.
# - macro: write
#   condition: (syscall.type=write and fd.type in (file, directory))
# - macro: read
#   condition: (syscall.type=read and evt.dir=> and fd.type in (file, directory))

- macro: open_write
  condition: (evt.type in (open,openat,openat2) and evt.is_open_write=true and fd.typechar='f' and fd.num>=0)

- macro: open_read
  condition: (evt.type in (open,openat,openat2) and evt.is_open_read=true and fd.typechar='f' and fd.num>=0)

# This macro `never_true` is used as placeholder for tuning negative logical sub-expressions, for example
# - macro: allowed_ssh_hosts
#   condition: (never_true)
# can be used in a rules' expression with double negation `and not allowed_ssh_hosts` which effectively evaluates
# to true and does nothing, the perfect empty template for `logical` cases as opposed to list templates.
# When tuning the rule you can override the macro with something useful, e.g.
# - macro: allowed_ssh_hosts
#   condition: (evt.hostname contains xyz)
- macro: never_true
  condition: (evt.num=0)

# This macro `always_true` is the flip side of the macro `never_true` and currently is commented out as
# it is not used. You can use it as placeholder for a positive logical sub-expression tuning template
# macro, e.g. `and custom_procs`, where
# - macro: custom_procs
#   condition: (always_true)
# later you can customize, override the macros to something like
# - macro: custom_procs
#   condition: (proc.name in (custom1, custom2, custom3))
# - macro: always_true
#   condition: (evt.num>=0)

# In some cases, such as dropped system call events, information about
# the process name may be missing. For some rules that really depend
# on the identity of the process performing an action such as opening
# a file, etc., we require that the process name be known.
- macro: proc_name_exists
  condition: (proc.name!="<NA>")

- macro: rename
  condition: (evt.type in (rename, renameat, renameat2))

- macro: mkdir
  condition: (evt.type in (mkdir, mkdirat))

- macro: remove
  condition: (evt.type in (rmdir, unlink, unlinkat))

- macro: modify
  condition: (rename or remove)

- macro: spawned_process
  condition: (evt.type in (execve, execveat) and evt.dir=<)

- macro: chmod
  condition: (evt.type in (chmod, fchmod, fchmodat) and evt.dir=<)

# File categories
- macro: bin_dir
  condition: (fd.directory in (/bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin))

- macro: bin_dir_mkdir
  condition: >
     (evt.arg.path startswith /bin/ or
     evt.arg.path startswith /sbin/ or
     evt.arg.path startswith /usr/bin/ or
     evt.arg.path startswith /usr/sbin/)

- macro: bin_dir_rename
  condition: >
     (evt.arg.path startswith /bin/ or
     evt.arg.path startswith /sbin/ or
     evt.arg.path startswith /usr/bin/ or
     evt.arg.path startswith /usr/sbin/ or
     evt.arg.name startswith /bin/ or
     evt.arg.name startswith /sbin/ or
     evt.arg.name startswith /usr/bin/ or
     evt.arg.name startswith /usr/sbin/ or
     evt.arg.oldpath startswith /bin/ or
     evt.arg.oldpath startswith /sbin/ or
     evt.arg.oldpath startswith /usr/bin/ or
     evt.arg.oldpath startswith /usr/sbin/ or
     evt.arg.newpath startswith /bin/ or
     evt.arg.newpath startswith /sbin/ or
     evt.arg.newpath startswith /usr/bin/ or
     evt.arg.newpath startswith /usr/sbin/)

- macro: etc_dir
  condition: (fd.name startswith /etc/)

# This detects writes immediately below / or any write anywhere below /root
- macro: root_dir
  condition: (fd.directory=/ or fd.name startswith /root/)

- list: shell_binaries
  items: [ash, bash, csh, ksh, sh, tcsh, zsh, dash]

- list: shell_mgmt_binaries
  items: [add-shell, remove-shell]

# dpkg -L passwd | grep bin | xargs ls -ld | grep -v '^d' | awk '{print $9}' | xargs -L 1 basename | tr "\\n" ","
- list: passwd_binaries
  items: [
    shadowconfig, grpck, pwunconv, grpconv, pwck,
    groupmod, vipw, pwconv, useradd, newusers, cppw, chpasswd, usermod,
    groupadd, groupdel, grpunconv, chgpasswd, userdel, chage, chsh,
    gpasswd, chfn, expiry, passwd, vigr, cpgr, adduser, addgroup, deluser, delgroup
    ]

# repoquery -l shadow-utils | grep bin | xargs ls -ld | grep -v '^d' |
#     awk '{print $9}' | xargs -L 1 basename | tr "\\n" ","
- list: shadowutils_binaries
  items: [
    chage, gpasswd, lastlog, newgrp, sg, adduser, deluser, chpasswd,
    groupadd, groupdel, addgroup, delgroup, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv,
    newusers, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr, vipw, unix_chkpwd
    ]

- list: sysdigcloud_binaries
  items: [setup-backend, dragent, sdchecks]

- list: interpreted_binaries
  items: [lua, node, perl, perl5, perl6, php, python, python2, python3, ruby, tcl]

- macro: interpreted_procs
  condition: >
    (proc.name in (interpreted_binaries))

# The explicit quotes are needed to avoid the - characters being
# interpreted by the filter expression.
- list: rpm_binaries
  items: [dnf, dnf-automatic, rpm, rpmkey, yum, '"75-system-updat"', rhsmcertd-worke, rhsmcertd, subscription-ma,
          repoquery, rpmkeys, rpmq, yum-cron, yum-config-mana, yum-debug-dump,
          abrt-action-sav, rpmdb_stat, microdnf, rhn_check, yumdb]

- list: openscap_rpm_binaries
  items: [probe_rpminfo, probe_rpmverify, probe_rpmverifyfile, probe_rpmverifypackage]

- macro: rpm_procs
  condition: (proc.name in (rpm_binaries, openscap_rpm_binaries) or proc.name in (salt-call, salt-minion))

- list: deb_binaries
  items: [dpkg, dpkg-preconfigu, dpkg-reconfigur, dpkg-divert, apt, apt-get, aptitude,
    frontend, preinst, add-apt-reposit, apt-auto-remova, apt-key,
    apt-listchanges, unattended-upgr, apt-add-reposit, apt-cache, apt.systemd.dai
    ]
- list: python_package_managers
  items: [pip, pip3, conda]

# The truncated dpkg-preconfigu is intentional, process names are
# truncated at the falcosecurity-libs level.
- list: package_mgmt_binaries
  items: [rpm_binaries, deb_binaries, update-alternat, gem, npm, python_package_managers, sane-utils.post, alternatives, chef-client, apk, snapd]

- macro: package_mgmt_procs
  condition: (proc.name in (package_mgmt_binaries))

- macro: package_mgmt_ancestor_procs
  condition: (proc.pname in (package_mgmt_binaries) or
             proc.aname[2] in (package_mgmt_binaries) or
             proc.aname[3] in (package_mgmt_binaries) or
             proc.aname[4] in (package_mgmt_binaries))

- macro: coreos_write_ssh_dir
  condition: (proc.name=update-ssh-keys and fd.name startswith /home/core/.ssh)

- list: ssl_mgmt_binaries
  items: [ca-certificates]

- list: dhcp_binaries
  items: [dhclient, dhclient-script, 11-dhclient]

- list: dev_creation_binaries
  items: [blkid, rename_device, update_engine, sgdisk]

- list: nomachine_binaries
  items: [nxexec, nxnode.bin, nxserver.bin, nxclient.bin]

- list: mail_config_binaries
  items: [
    update_conf, parse_mc, makemap_hash, newaliases, update_mk, update_tlsm4,
    update_db, update_mc, ssmtp.postinst, mailq, postalias, postfix.config.,
    postfix.config, postfix-script, postconf
    ]

# Network
- macro: inbound
  condition: >
    (((evt.type in (accept,accept4,listen) and evt.dir=<) or
      (evt.type in (recvfrom,recvmsg) and evt.dir=< and
       fd.l4proto != tcp and fd.connected=false and fd.name_changed=true)) and
     (fd.typechar = 4 or fd.typechar = 6) and
     (fd.ip != "0.0.0.0" and fd.net != "127.0.0.0/8") and
     (evt.rawres >= 0 or evt.res = EINPROGRESS))

# RFC1918 addresses were assigned for private network usage
- list: rfc_1918_addresses
  items: ['"10.0.0.0/8"', '"172.16.0.0/12"', '"192.168.0.0/16"']

- macro: outbound
  condition: >
    (((evt.type = connect and evt.dir=<) or
      (evt.type in (sendto,sendmsg) and evt.dir=< and
       fd.l4proto != tcp and fd.connected=false and fd.name_changed=true)) and
     (fd.typechar = 4 or fd.typechar = 6) and
     (fd.ip != "0.0.0.0" and fd.net != "127.0.0.0/8" and not fd.snet in (rfc_1918_addresses)) and
     (evt.rawres >= 0 or evt.res = EINPROGRESS))

# Very similar to inbound/outbound, but combines the tests together
# for efficiency.
- macro: inbound_outbound
  condition: >
    ((((evt.type in (accept,accept4,listen,connect) and evt.dir=<)) and
     (fd.typechar = 4 or fd.typechar = 6)) and
     (fd.ip != "0.0.0.0" and fd.net != "127.0.0.0/8") and
     (evt.rawres >= 0 or evt.res = EINPROGRESS))

- list: allowed_inbound_source_ipaddrs
  items: ['"127.0.0.1"']

- list: allowed_inbound_source_networks
  items: ['"127.0.0.1/8"', '"10.0.0.0/8"']

- list: allowed_inbound_source_domains
  items: [google.com]

- rule: Unexpected inbound connection source
  desc: > 
    Detect any inbound connection from a source outside of an allowed set of ips, networks, or domain names. 
    This rule absolutely requires profiling your environment beforehand. Network-based rules are extremely crucial 
    in any security program, as they can often provide the only definitive evidence. However, effectively operationalizing 
    them can be challenging due to the potential for noise.
  condition: >
    inbound 
    and not ((fd.cip in (allowed_inbound_source_ipaddrs)) or
             (fd.cnet in (allowed_inbound_source_networks)) or
             (fd.cip.name in (allowed_inbound_source_domains)))
  enabled: false
  output: Disallowed inbound connection source (connection=%fd.name lport=%fd.lport rport=%fd.rport fd_type=%fd.type fd_proto=fd.l4proto evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, network, mitre_command_and_control, TA0011]

- list: bash_config_filenames
  items: [.bashrc, .bash_profile, .bash_history, .bash_login, .bash_logout, .inputrc, .profile]

- list: bash_config_files
  items: [/etc/profile, /etc/bashrc]

# Covers both csh and tcsh
- list: csh_config_filenames
  items: [.cshrc, .login, .logout, .history, .tcshrc, .cshdirs]

- list: csh_config_files
  items: [/etc/csh.cshrc, /etc/csh.login]

- list: zsh_config_filenames
  items: [.zshenv, .zprofile, .zshrc, .zlogin, .zlogout]

- list: shell_config_filenames
  items: [bash_config_filenames, csh_config_filenames, zsh_config_filenames]

- list: shell_config_files
  items: [bash_config_files, csh_config_files]

- list: shell_config_directories
  items: [/etc/zsh]

# This rule is not enabled by default, as there are many legitimate
# readers of shell config files.
- rule: Read Shell Configuration File
  desc: > 
    This rule detects attempts made by non-shell programs to read shell configuration files. It offers additional generic auditing. 
    It serves as a baseline detection alert for unusual shell configuration file accesses. The rule "Modify Shell Configuration File" 
    might be more relevant and adequate for your specific cases.
  condition: >
    open_read
    and (fd.filename in (shell_config_filenames) or
         fd.name in (shell_config_files) or
         fd.directory in (shell_config_directories)) 
    and not proc.name in (shell_binaries)
  enabled: false
  output: A shell configuration file was read by a non-shell program (file=%fd.name evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority:
    WARNING
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_discovery, T1546.004]

# Use this to test whether the event occurred within a container.
# When displaying container information in the output field, use
# %container.info, without any leading term (file=%fd.name
# %container.info user=%user.name user_loginuid=%user.loginuid, and not file=%fd.name
# container=%container.info user=%user.name user_loginuid=%user.loginuid). The output will change
# based on the context and whether or not -pk/-pm/-pc was specified on
# the command line.
- macro: container
  condition: (container.id != host)

- macro: container_started
  condition: >
    ((evt.type = container or
     (spawned_process and proc.vpid=1)) and
     container.image.repository != incomplete)

# Possible scripts run by sshkit
- list: sshkit_script_binaries
  items: [10_etc_sudoers., 10_passwd_group]

- list: plesk_binaries
  items: [sw-engine, sw-engine-fpm, sw-engine-kv, filemng, f2bmng]

- macro: httpd_writing_ssl_conf
  condition: >
    (proc.pname=run-httpd and
     (proc.cmdline startswith "sed -ri" or proc.cmdline startswith "sed -i") and
     (fd.name startswith /etc/httpd/conf.d/ or fd.name startswith /etc/httpd/conf))

- macro: userhelper_writing_etc_security
  condition: (proc.name=userhelper and fd.name startswith /etc/security)

- macro: ansible_running_python
  condition: (proc.name in (python, pypy, python3) and proc.cmdline contains ansible)

- macro: python_running_chef
  condition: (proc.name=python and (proc.cmdline contains yum-dump.py or proc.cmdline="python /usr/bin/chef-monitor.py"))

- macro: python_running_denyhosts
  condition: >
    (proc.name=python and
    (proc.cmdline contains /usr/sbin/denyhosts or
     proc.cmdline contains /usr/local/bin/denyhosts.py))

- macro: run_by_chef
  condition: (proc.aname[2]=chef_command_wr or proc.aname[3]=chef_command_wr or
              proc.aname[2]=chef-client or proc.aname[3]=chef-client or
              proc.name=chef-client)

- macro: run_by_adclient
  condition: (proc.aname[2]=adclient or proc.aname[3]=adclient or proc.aname[4]=adclient)

- macro: run_by_centrify
  condition: (proc.aname[2]=centrify or proc.aname[3]=centrify or proc.aname[4]=centrify)

- macro: parent_supervise_running_multilog
  condition: (proc.name=multilog and proc.pname=supervise)

- macro: supervise_writing_status
  condition: (proc.name in (supervise,svc) and fd.name startswith "/etc/sb/")

- macro: pki_realm_writing_realms
  condition: (proc.cmdline startswith "bash /usr/local/lib/pki/pki-realm" and fd.name startswith /etc/pki/realms)

- macro: htpasswd_writing_passwd
  condition: (proc.name=htpasswd and fd.name=/etc/nginx/.htpasswd)

- macro: lvprogs_writing_conf
  condition: >
    (proc.name in (dmeventd,lvcreate,pvscan,lvs) and
     (fd.name startswith /etc/lvm/archive or
      fd.name startswith /etc/lvm/backup or
      fd.name startswith /etc/lvm/cache))

- macro: ovsdb_writing_openvswitch
  condition: (proc.name=ovsdb-server and fd.directory=/etc/openvswitch)

- macro: parent_ucf_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.pname=ucf and proc.aname[2]=frontend)

- macro: consul_template_writing_conf
  condition: >
    ((proc.name=consul-template and fd.name startswith /etc/haproxy) or
     (proc.name=reload.sh and proc.aname[2]=consul-template and fd.name startswith /etc/ssl))

- macro: countly_writing_nginx_conf
  condition: (proc.cmdline startswith "nodejs /opt/countly/bin" and fd.name startswith /etc/nginx)

- list: ms_oms_binaries
  items: [omi.postinst, omsconfig.posti, scx.postinst, omsadmin.sh, omiagent]

- macro: ms_oms_writing_conf
  condition: >
    ((proc.name in (omiagent,omsagent,in_heartbeat_r*,omsadmin.sh,PerformInventor,dsc_host)
       or proc.pname in (ms_oms_binaries)
       or proc.aname[2] in (ms_oms_binaries))
     and (fd.name startswith /etc/opt/omi or fd.name startswith /etc/opt/microsoft/omsagent))

- macro: ms_scx_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name in (GetLinuxOS.sh) and fd.name startswith /etc/opt/microsoft/scx)

- macro: azure_scripts_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.pname startswith "bash /var/lib/waagent/" and fd.name startswith /etc/azure)

- macro: azure_networkwatcher_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name in (NetworkWatcherA) and fd.name=/etc/init.d/AzureNetworkWatcherAgent)

- macro: couchdb_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=beam.smp and proc.cmdline contains couchdb and fd.name startswith /etc/couchdb)

- macro: update_texmf_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=update-texmf and fd.name startswith /etc/texmf)

- macro: slapadd_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=slapadd and fd.name startswith /etc/ldap)

- macro: openldap_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.pname=run-openldap.sh and fd.name startswith /etc/openldap)

- macro: ucpagent_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=apiserver and container.image.repository=docker/ucp-agent and fd.name=/etc/authorization_config.cfg)

- macro: iscsi_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=iscsiadm and fd.name startswith /etc/iscsi)

- macro: istio_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=pilot-agent and fd.name startswith /etc/istio)

- macro: symantec_writing_conf
  condition: >
    ((proc.name=symcfgd and fd.name startswith /etc/symantec) or
     (proc.name=navdefutil and fd.name=/etc/symc-defutils.conf))

- macro: liveupdate_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.cmdline startswith "java LiveUpdate" and fd.name in (/etc/liveupdate.conf, /etc/Product.Catalog.JavaLiveUpdate))

- macro: sosreport_writing_files
  condition: >
    (proc.name=urlgrabber-ext- and proc.aname[3]=sosreport and
     (fd.name startswith /etc/pkt/nssdb or fd.name startswith /etc/pki/nssdb))

- macro: pkgmgmt_progs_writing_pki
  condition: >
    (proc.name=urlgrabber-ext- and proc.pname in (yum, yum-cron, repoquery) and
     (fd.name startswith /etc/pkt/nssdb or fd.name startswith /etc/pki/nssdb))

- macro: update_ca_trust_writing_pki
  condition: (proc.pname=update-ca-trust and proc.name=trust and fd.name startswith /etc/pki)

- macro: brandbot_writing_os_release
  condition: (proc.name=brandbot and fd.name=/etc/os-release)

- macro: selinux_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name in (semodule,genhomedircon,sefcontext_comp) and fd.name startswith /etc/selinux)

- list: veritas_binaries
  items: [vxconfigd, sfcache, vxclustadm, vxdctl, vxprint, vxdmpadm, vxdisk, vxdg, vxassist, vxtune]

- macro: veritas_driver_script
  condition: (proc.cmdline startswith "perl /opt/VRTSsfmh/bin/mh_driver.pl")

- macro: veritas_progs
  condition: (proc.name in (veritas_binaries) or veritas_driver_script)

- macro: veritas_writing_config
  condition: (veritas_progs and (fd.name startswith /etc/vx or fd.name startswith /etc/opt/VRTS or fd.name startswith /etc/vom))

- macro: nginx_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name in (nginx,nginx-ingress-c,nginx-ingress) and (fd.name startswith /etc/nginx or fd.name startswith /etc/ingress-controller))

- macro: nginx_writing_certs
  condition: >
    (((proc.name=openssl and proc.pname=nginx-launch.sh) or proc.name=nginx-launch.sh) and fd.name startswith /etc/nginx/certs)

- macro: chef_client_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.pcmdline startswith "chef-client /opt/gitlab" and fd.name startswith /etc/gitlab)

- macro: centrify_writing_krb
  condition: (proc.name in (adjoin,addns) and fd.name startswith /etc/krb5)

- macro: sssd_writing_krb
  condition: (proc.name=adcli and proc.aname[2]=sssd and fd.name startswith /etc/krb5)

- macro: cockpit_writing_conf
  condition: >
    ((proc.pname=cockpit-kube-la or proc.aname[2]=cockpit-kube-la)
     and fd.name startswith /etc/cockpit)

- macro: ipsec_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=start-ipsec.sh and fd.directory=/etc/ipsec)

- macro: exe_running_docker_save
  condition: >
    (proc.name = "exe"
    and (proc.cmdline contains "/var/lib/docker"
    or proc.cmdline contains "/var/run/docker")
    and proc.pname in (dockerd, docker, dockerd-current, docker-current))

# Ideally we'd have a length check here as well but
# filterchecks don't have operators like len()
- macro: sed_temporary_file
  condition: (proc.name=sed and fd.name startswith "/etc/sed")

- macro: python_running_get_pip
  condition: (proc.cmdline startswith "python get-pip.py")

- macro: python_running_ms_oms
  condition: (proc.cmdline startswith "python /var/lib/waagent/")

- macro: gugent_writing_guestagent_log
  condition: (proc.name=gugent and fd.name=GuestAgent.log)

- macro: dse_writing_tmp
  condition: (proc.name=dse-entrypoint and fd.name=/root/tmp__)

- macro: zap_writing_state
  condition: (proc.exe endswith java and proc.cmdline contains "jar /zap" and fd.name startswith /root/.ZAP)

- macro: airflow_writing_state
  condition: (proc.name=airflow and fd.name startswith /root/airflow)

- macro: rpm_writing_root_rpmdb
  condition: (proc.name=rpm and fd.directory=/root/.rpmdb)

- macro: maven_writing_groovy
  condition: (proc.exe endswith java and proc.cmdline contains "classpath /usr/local/apache-maven" and fd.name startswith /root/.groovy)

- macro: chef_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=chef-client and fd.name startswith /root/.chef)

- macro: kubectl_writing_state
  condition: (proc.name in (kubectl,oc) and fd.name startswith /root/.kube)

- macro: java_running_cassandra
  condition: (proc.exe endswith java and proc.cmdline contains "cassandra.jar")

- macro: cassandra_writing_state
  condition: (java_running_cassandra and fd.directory=/root/.cassandra)

# Istio
- macro: galley_writing_state
  condition: (proc.name=galley and fd.name in (known_istio_files))

- list: known_istio_files
  items: [/healthready, /healthliveness]

- macro: calico_writing_state
  condition: (proc.name=kube-controller and fd.name startswith /status.json and k8s.pod.name startswith calico)

- macro: calico_writing_envvars
  condition: (proc.name=start_runit and fd.name startswith "/etc/envvars" and container.image.repository endswith "calico/node")

- list: repository_files
  items: [sources.list]

- list: repository_directories
  items: [/etc/apt/sources.list.d, /etc/yum.repos.d, /etc/apt]

- macro: access_repositories
  condition: (fd.directory in (repository_directories) or
              (fd.name pmatch (repository_directories) and
               fd.filename in (repository_files)))

- macro: modify_repositories
  condition: (evt.arg.newpath pmatch (repository_directories))

- macro: user_known_update_package_registry
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Update Package Repository
  desc: > 
    This rule generically detects updates to package repositories and can be seen as an auditing measure. 
    Recommend evaluating its relevance for your specific environment.
  condition: >
    ((open_write and access_repositories) or (modify and modify_repositories))
    and not package_mgmt_procs
    and not package_mgmt_ancestor_procs
    and not exe_running_docker_save
    and not user_known_update_package_registry
  output: Repository files get updated (newpath=%evt.arg.newpath file=%fd.name pcmdline=%proc.pcmdline evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority:
    NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_execution, T1072]

# Users should overwrite this macro to specify conditions under which a
# write under the binary dir is ignored. For example, it may be okay to
# install a binary in the context of a ci/cd build.
- macro: user_known_write_below_binary_dir_activities
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Write below binary dir
  desc: > 
    Trying to write to any file below specific binary directories can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases.
  condition: >
    open_write and evt.dir=< 
    and bin_dir
    and not package_mgmt_procs
    and not exe_running_docker_save
    and not python_running_get_pip
    and not python_running_ms_oms
    and not user_known_write_below_binary_dir_activities
  output: File below a known binary directory opened for writing (file=%fd.name pcmdline=%proc.pcmdline gparent=%proc.aname[2] evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_persistence, T1543]

# If you'd like to generally monitor a wider set of directories on top
# of the ones covered by the rule Write below binary dir, you can use
# the following rule and lists.
- list: monitored_directories
  items: [/boot, /lib, /lib64, /usr/lib, /usr/local/lib, /usr/local/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /root/.ssh]

- macro: user_ssh_directory
  condition: (fd.name contains '/.ssh/' and fd.name glob '/home/*/.ssh/*')

# google_accounts_(daemon)
- macro: google_accounts_daemon_writing_ssh
  condition: (proc.name=google_accounts and user_ssh_directory)

- macro: cloud_init_writing_ssh
  condition: (proc.name=cloud-init and user_ssh_directory)

- macro: mkinitramfs_writing_boot
  condition: (proc.pname in (mkinitramfs, update-initramf) and fd.directory=/boot)

- macro: monitored_dir
  condition: >
    (fd.directory in (monitored_directories)
     or user_ssh_directory)
    and not mkinitramfs_writing_boot

# Add conditions to this macro (probably in a separate file,
# overwriting this macro) to allow for specific combinations of
# programs writing below monitored directories.
#
# Its default value is an expression that always is false, which
# becomes true when the "not ..." in the rule is applied.
- macro: user_known_write_monitored_dir_conditions
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Write below monitored dir
  desc: > 
    Trying to write to any file below a set of monitored directories can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases.
  condition: >
    open_write and evt.dir=<
    and monitored_dir
    and not package_mgmt_procs
    and not coreos_write_ssh_dir
    and not exe_running_docker_save
    and not python_running_get_pip
    and not python_running_ms_oms
    and not google_accounts_daemon_writing_ssh
    and not cloud_init_writing_ssh
    and not user_known_write_monitored_dir_conditions
  output: File below a monitored directory opened for writing (file=%fd.name pcmdline=%proc.pcmdline gparent=%proc.aname[2] evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_persistence, T1543]

- list: safe_etc_dirs
  items: [/etc/cassandra, /etc/ssl/certs/java, /etc/logstash, /etc/nginx/conf.d, /etc/container_environment, /etc/hrmconfig, /etc/fluent/configs.d. /etc/alertmanager]

- macro: fluentd_writing_conf_files
  condition: (proc.name=start-fluentd and fd.name in (/etc/fluent/fluent.conf, /etc/td-agent/td-agent.conf))

- macro: qualys_writing_conf_files
  condition: (proc.name=qualys-cloud-ag and fd.name=/etc/qualys/cloud-agent/qagent-log.conf)

- macro: git_writing_nssdb
  condition: (proc.name=git-remote-http and fd.directory=/etc/pki/nssdb)

- macro: plesk_writing_keys
  condition: (proc.name in (plesk_binaries) and fd.name startswith /etc/sw/keys)

- macro: plesk_install_writing_apache_conf
  condition: (proc.cmdline startswith "bash -hB /usr/lib/plesk-9.0/services/webserver.apache configure"
              and fd.name="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf.tmp")

- macro: plesk_running_mktemp
  condition: (proc.name=mktemp and proc.aname[3] in (plesk_binaries))

- macro: networkmanager_writing_resolv_conf
  condition: (proc.aname[2]=nm-dispatcher and fd.name=/etc/resolv.conf)

- macro: add_shell_writing_shells_tmp
  condition: (proc.name=add-shell and fd.name=/etc/shells.tmp)

- macro: duply_writing_exclude_files
  condition: (proc.name=touch and proc.pcmdline startswith "bash /usr/bin/duply" and fd.name startswith "/etc/duply")

- macro: xmlcatalog_writing_files
  condition: (proc.name=update-xmlcatal and fd.directory=/etc/xml)

- macro: datadog_writing_conf
  condition: ((proc.cmdline startswith "python /opt/datadog-agent" or
               proc.cmdline startswith "entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh datadog start" or
               proc.cmdline startswith "agent.py /opt/datadog-agent")
              and fd.name startswith "/etc/dd-agent")

- macro: rancher_writing_conf
  condition: ((proc.name in (healthcheck, lb-controller, rancher-dns)) and
              (container.image.repository contains "rancher/healthcheck" or
               container.image.repository contains "rancher/lb-service-haproxy" or
               container.image.repository contains "rancher/dns") and
              (fd.name startswith "/etc/haproxy" or fd.name startswith "/etc/rancher-dns"))

- macro: rancher_writing_root
  condition: (proc.name=rancher-metadat and
              (container.image.repository contains "rancher/metadata" or container.image.repository contains "rancher/lb-service-haproxy") and
              fd.name startswith "/answers.json")

- macro: checkpoint_writing_state
  condition: (proc.name=checkpoint and
              container.image.repository contains "coreos/pod-checkpointer" and
              fd.name startswith "/etc/kubernetes")

- macro: jboss_in_container_writing_passwd
  condition: >
    ((proc.cmdline="run-java.sh /opt/jboss/container/java/run/run-java.sh"
      or proc.cmdline="run-java.sh /opt/run-java/run-java.sh")
     and container
     and fd.name=/etc/passwd)

- macro: curl_writing_pki_db
  condition: (proc.name=curl and fd.directory=/etc/pki/nssdb)

- macro: haproxy_writing_conf
  condition: ((proc.name in (update-haproxy-,haproxy_reload.) or proc.pname in (update-haproxy-,haproxy_reload,haproxy_reload.))
               and (fd.name=/etc/openvpn/client.map or fd.name startswith /etc/haproxy))

- macro: java_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.exe endswith java and fd.name=/etc/.java/.systemPrefs/.system.lock)

- macro: rabbitmq_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=rabbitmq-server and fd.directory=/etc/rabbitmq)

- macro: rook_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=toolbox.sh and container.image.repository=rook/toolbox
              and fd.directory=/etc/ceph)

- macro: httpd_writing_conf_logs
  condition: (proc.name=httpd and fd.name startswith /etc/httpd/)

- macro: mysql_writing_conf
  condition: >
    ((proc.name in (start-mysql.sh, run-mysqld) or proc.pname=start-mysql.sh) and
     (fd.name startswith /etc/mysql or fd.directory=/etc/my.cnf.d))

- macro: redis_writing_conf
  condition: >
    (proc.name in (run-redis, redis-launcher.) and (fd.name=/etc/redis.conf or fd.name startswith /etc/redis))

- macro: openvpn_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name in (openvpn,openvpn-entrypo) and fd.name startswith /etc/openvpn)

- macro: php_handlers_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=php_handlers_co and fd.name=/etc/psa/php_versions.json)

- macro: sed_writing_temp_file
  condition: >
    ((proc.aname[3]=cron_start.sh and fd.name startswith /etc/security/sed) or
     (proc.name=sed and (fd.name startswith /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sed or
                         fd.name startswith /etc/apt/sed or
                         fd.name startswith /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/sed)))

- macro: cron_start_writing_pam_env
  condition: (proc.cmdline="bash /usr/sbin/start-cron" and fd.name=/etc/security/pam_env.conf)

# In some cases dpkg-reconfigur runs commands that modify /etc. Not
# putting the full set of package management programs yet.
- macro: dpkg_scripting
  condition: (proc.aname[2] in (dpkg-reconfigur, dpkg-preconfigu))

- macro: ufw_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=ufw and fd.directory=/etc/ufw)

- macro: calico_writing_conf
  condition: >
    (((proc.name = calico-node) or
      (container.image.repository=gcr.io/projectcalico-org/node and proc.name in (start_runit, cp)) or
      (container.image.repository=gcr.io/projectcalico-org/cni and proc.name=sed))
     and fd.name startswith /etc/calico)

- macro: prometheus_conf_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=prometheus-conf and fd.name startswith /etc/prometheus/config_out)

- macro: openshift_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name=oc and fd.name startswith /etc/origin/node)

- macro: keepalived_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name in (keepalived, kube-keepalived) and fd.name=/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf)

- macro: etcd_manager_updating_dns
  condition: (container and proc.name=etcd-manager and fd.name=/etc/hosts)

- macro: automount_using_mtab
  condition: (proc.pname = automount and fd.name startswith /etc/mtab)

- macro: mcafee_writing_cma_d
  condition: (proc.name=macompatsvc and fd.directory=/etc/cma.d)

- macro: avinetworks_supervisor_writing_ssh
  condition: >
    (proc.cmdline="se_supervisor.p /opt/avi/scripts/se_supervisor.py -d" and
      (fd.name startswith /etc/ssh/known_host_ or
       fd.name startswith /etc/ssh/ssh_monitor_config_ or
       fd.name startswith /etc/ssh/ssh_config_))

- macro: multipath_writing_conf
  condition: (proc.name = multipath and fd.name startswith /etc/multipath/)

# Add conditions to this macro (probably in a separate file,
# overwriting this macro) to allow for specific combinations of
# programs writing below specific directories below
# /etc. fluentd_writing_conf_files is a good example to follow, as it
# specifies both the program doing the writing as well as the specific
# files it is allowed to modify.
#
# In this file, it just takes one of the programs in the base macro
# and repeats it.
- macro: user_known_write_etc_conditions
  condition: (proc.name=confd)

# This is a placeholder for user to extend the whitelist for write below etc rule
- macro: user_known_write_below_etc_activities
  condition: (never_true)

- macro: calico_node
  condition: (container.image.repository endswith calico/node and proc.name=calico-node)

- macro: write_etc_common
  condition: >
    (open_write 
    and etc_dir and evt.dir=< 
    and proc_name_exists
    and not proc.name in (passwd_binaries, shadowutils_binaries, sysdigcloud_binaries,
                          package_mgmt_binaries, ssl_mgmt_binaries, dhcp_binaries,
                          dev_creation_binaries, shell_mgmt_binaries,
                          mail_config_binaries,
                          sshkit_script_binaries,
                          ldconfig.real, ldconfig, confd, gpg, insserv,
                          apparmor_parser, update-mime, tzdata.config, tzdata.postinst,
                          systemd, systemd-machine, systemd-sysuser,
                          debconf-show, rollerd, bind9.postinst, sv,
                          gen_resolvconf., update-ca-certi, certbot, runsv,
                          qualys-cloud-ag, locales.postins, nomachine_binaries,
                          adclient, certutil, crlutil, pam-auth-update, parallels_insta,
                          openshift-launc, update-rc.d, puppet, falcoctl)
    and not (container and proc.cmdline in ("cp /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/openshift-ca.crt"))
    and not proc.pname in (sysdigcloud_binaries, mail_config_binaries, hddtemp.postins, sshkit_script_binaries, locales.postins, deb_binaries, dhcp_binaries)
    and not fd.name pmatch (safe_etc_dirs)
    and not fd.name in (/etc/container_environment.sh, /etc/container_environment.json, /etc/motd, /etc/motd.svc)
    and not sed_temporary_file
    and not exe_running_docker_save
    and not ansible_running_python
    and not python_running_denyhosts
    and not fluentd_writing_conf_files
    and not user_known_write_etc_conditions
    and not run_by_centrify
    and not run_by_adclient
    and not qualys_writing_conf_files
    and not git_writing_nssdb
    and not plesk_writing_keys
    and not plesk_install_writing_apache_conf
    and not plesk_running_mktemp
    and not networkmanager_writing_resolv_conf
    and not run_by_chef
    and not add_shell_writing_shells_tmp
    and not duply_writing_exclude_files
    and not xmlcatalog_writing_files
    and not parent_supervise_running_multilog
    and not supervise_writing_status
    and not pki_realm_writing_realms
    and not htpasswd_writing_passwd
    and not lvprogs_writing_conf
    and not ovsdb_writing_openvswitch
    and not datadog_writing_conf
    and not curl_writing_pki_db
    and not haproxy_writing_conf
    and not java_writing_conf
    and not dpkg_scripting
    and not parent_ucf_writing_conf
    and not rabbitmq_writing_conf
    and not rook_writing_conf
    and not php_handlers_writing_conf
    and not sed_writing_temp_file
    and not cron_start_writing_pam_env
    and not httpd_writing_conf_logs
    and not mysql_writing_conf
    and not openvpn_writing_conf
    and not consul_template_writing_conf
    and not countly_writing_nginx_conf
    and not ms_oms_writing_conf
    and not ms_scx_writing_conf
    and not azure_scripts_writing_conf
    and not azure_networkwatcher_writing_conf
    and not couchdb_writing_conf
    and not update_texmf_writing_conf
    and not slapadd_writing_conf
    and not symantec_writing_conf
    and not liveupdate_writing_conf
    and not sosreport_writing_files
    and not selinux_writing_conf
    and not veritas_writing_config
    and not nginx_writing_conf
    and not nginx_writing_certs
    and not chef_client_writing_conf
    and not centrify_writing_krb
    and not sssd_writing_krb
    and not cockpit_writing_conf
    and not ipsec_writing_conf
    and not httpd_writing_ssl_conf
    and not userhelper_writing_etc_security
    and not pkgmgmt_progs_writing_pki
    and not update_ca_trust_writing_pki
    and not brandbot_writing_os_release
    and not redis_writing_conf
    and not openldap_writing_conf
    and not ucpagent_writing_conf
    and not iscsi_writing_conf
    and not istio_writing_conf
    and not ufw_writing_conf
    and not calico_writing_conf
    and not calico_writing_envvars
    and not prometheus_conf_writing_conf
    and not openshift_writing_conf
    and not keepalived_writing_conf
    and not rancher_writing_conf
    and not checkpoint_writing_state
    and not jboss_in_container_writing_passwd
    and not etcd_manager_updating_dns
    and not user_known_write_below_etc_activities
    and not automount_using_mtab
    and not mcafee_writing_cma_d
    and not avinetworks_supervisor_writing_ssh
    and not multipath_writing_conf
    and not calico_node)

- rule: Write below etc
  desc: > 
    Trying to write to any file below /etc can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases.
  condition: write_etc_common
  output: File below /etc opened for writing (file=%fd.name pcmdline=%proc.pcmdline gparent=%proc.aname[2] ggparent=%proc.aname[3] gggparent=%proc.aname[4] evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_persistence, T1098]

- list: known_root_files
  items: [/root/.monit.state, /root/.auth_tokens, /root/.bash_history, /root/.ash_history, /root/.aws/credentials,
          /root/.viminfo.tmp, /root/.lesshst, /root/.bzr.log, /root/.gitconfig.lock, /root/.babel.json, /root/.localstack,
          /root/.node_repl_history, /root/.mongorc.js, /root/.dbshell, /root/.augeas/history, /root/.rnd, /root/.wget-hsts, /health, /exec.fifo]

- list: known_root_directories
  items: [/root/.oracle_jre_usage, /root/.ssh, /root/.subversion, /root/.nami]

- macro: known_root_conditions
  condition: (fd.name startswith /root/orcexec.
              or fd.name startswith /root/.m2
              or fd.name startswith /root/.npm
              or fd.name startswith /root/.pki
              or fd.name startswith /root/.ivy2
              or fd.name startswith /root/.config/Cypress
              or fd.name startswith /root/.config/pulse
              or fd.name startswith /root/.config/configstore
              or fd.name startswith /root/jenkins/workspace
              or fd.name startswith /root/.jenkins
              or fd.name startswith /root/.cache
              or fd.name startswith /root/.sbt
              or fd.name startswith /root/.java
              or fd.name startswith /root/.glide
              or fd.name startswith /root/.sonar
              or fd.name startswith /root/.v8flag
              or fd.name startswith /root/infaagent
              or fd.name startswith /root/.local/lib/python
              or fd.name startswith /root/.pm2
              or fd.name startswith /root/.gnupg
              or fd.name startswith /root/.pgpass
              or fd.name startswith /root/.theano
              or fd.name startswith /root/.gradle
              or fd.name startswith /root/.android
              or fd.name startswith /root/.ansible
              or fd.name startswith /root/.crashlytics
              or fd.name startswith /root/.dbus
              or fd.name startswith /root/.composer
              or fd.name startswith /root/.gconf
              or fd.name startswith /root/.nv
              or fd.name startswith /root/.local/share/jupyter
              or fd.name startswith /root/oradiag_root
              or fd.name startswith /root/workspace
              or fd.name startswith /root/jvm
              or fd.name startswith /root/.node-gyp)

# Add conditions to this macro (probably in a separate file,
# overwriting this macro) to allow for specific combinations of
# programs writing below specific directories below
# / or /root.
#
# In this file, it just takes one of the condition in the base macro
# and repeats it.
- macro: user_known_write_root_conditions
  condition: (fd.name=/root/.bash_history)

# This is a placeholder for user to extend the whitelist for write below root rule
- macro: user_known_write_below_root_activities
  condition: (never_true)

- macro: runc_writing_exec_fifo
  condition: (proc.cmdline="runc:[1:CHILD] init" and fd.name=/exec.fifo)

- macro: runc_writing_var_lib_docker
  condition: (proc.cmdline="runc:[1:CHILD] init" and evt.arg.filename startswith /var/lib/docker)

- macro: mysqlsh_writing_state
  condition: (proc.name=mysqlsh and fd.directory=/root/.mysqlsh)

- rule: Write below root
  desc: > 
    Trying to write to any file directly below / or /root can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases. Lastly, this rule stands out as potentially the noisiest one among rules related 
    to "write below.
  condition: >
    open_write and evt.dir=<
    and root_dir
    and proc_name_exists
    and not fd.name in (known_root_files)
    and not fd.directory pmatch (known_root_directories)
    and not exe_running_docker_save
    and not gugent_writing_guestagent_log
    and not dse_writing_tmp
    and not zap_writing_state
    and not airflow_writing_state
    and not rpm_writing_root_rpmdb
    and not maven_writing_groovy
    and not chef_writing_conf
    and not kubectl_writing_state
    and not cassandra_writing_state
    and not galley_writing_state
    and not calico_writing_state
    and not rancher_writing_root
    and not runc_writing_exec_fifo
    and not mysqlsh_writing_state
    and not known_root_conditions
    and not user_known_write_root_conditions
    and not user_known_write_below_root_activities
  output: File below / or /root opened for writing (file=%fd.name evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_persistence, TA0003]

- macro: amazon_linux_running_python_yum
  condition: >
    (proc.name = python and
     proc.pcmdline = "python -m amazon_linux_extras system_motd" and
     proc.cmdline startswith "python -c import yum;")

- macro: user_known_write_rpm_database_activities
  condition: (never_true)

# Only let rpm-related programs write to the rpm database
- rule: Write below rpm database
  desc: > 
    Trying to write to the rpm database by any non-rpm related program can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases.
  condition: >
    open_write
    and fd.name startswith /var/lib/rpm
    and not rpm_procs
    and not ansible_running_python
    and not python_running_chef
    and not exe_running_docker_save
    and not amazon_linux_running_python_yum
    and not user_known_write_rpm_database_activities
  output: rpm database opened for writing by a non-rpm program (file=%fd.name pcmdline=%proc.pcmdline evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, software_mgmt, mitre_persistence, T1072]

- macro: user_known_modify_bin_dir_activities
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Modify binary dirs
  desc: > 
    Trying to modify any file below a set of binary directories can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases.
  condition: > 
    modify 
    and bin_dir_rename
    and not package_mgmt_procs 
    and not exe_running_docker_save 
    and not user_known_modify_bin_dir_activities
  output: File below known binary directory renamed/removed (file=%fd.name pcmdline=%proc.pcmdline evt_args=%evt.args evt_type=%evt.type evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_defense_evasion, T1222.002]

- macro: user_known_mkdir_bin_dir_activities
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Mkdir binary dirs
  desc: >
    Trying to create a directory below a set of binary directories can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases.
  condition: >
    mkdir
    and bin_dir_mkdir
    and not package_mgmt_procs
    and not user_known_mkdir_bin_dir_activities
    and not exe_running_docker_save
  output: Directory below known binary directory created (directory=%evt.arg.path evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_persistence, T1222.002]

# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/add-ons-images.html
#  official AWS EKS registry list. AWS has different ECR repo per region
- macro: allowed_aws_ecr_registry_root_for_eks
  condition: >
    (container.image.repository startswith "602401143452.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "877085696533.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "800184023465.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "918309763551.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "961992271922.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "590381155156.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "558608220178.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "151742754352.dkr.ecr" or
     container.image.repository startswith "013241004608.dkr.ecr")

- macro: aws_eks_image_sensitive_mount
  condition: >
    (allowed_aws_ecr_registry_root_for_eks and container.image.repository endswith ".amazonaws.com/amazon-k8s-cni")

# These images are allowed both to run with --privileged and to mount
# sensitive paths from the host filesystem.
#
# NOTE: This list is only provided for backwards compatibility with
# older local falco rules files that may have been appending to
# trusted_images. To make customizations, it's better to add images to
# either privileged_images or falco_sensitive_mount_images.
- list: trusted_images
  items: []

# Add conditions to this macro (probably in a separate file,
# overwriting this macro) to specify additional containers that are
# trusted and therefore allowed to run privileged *and* with sensitive
# mounts.
#
# Like trusted_images, this is deprecated in favor of
# user_privileged_containers and user_sensitive_mount_containers and
# is only provided for backwards compatibility.
#
# In this file, it just takes one of the images in trusted_containers
# and repeats it.
- macro: user_trusted_containers
  condition: (never_true)

# Falco containers
- list: falco_containers
  items:
    - falcosecurity/falco
    - docker.io/falcosecurity/falco
    - public.ecr.aws/falcosecurity/falco

# Falco no driver containers
    - falcosecurity/falco-no-driver
    - docker.io/falcosecurity/falco-no-driver
    - public.ecr.aws/falcosecurity/falco-no-driver

# These container images are allowed to mount sensitive paths from the
# host filesystem.
- list: falco_sensitive_mount_images
  items: [
    falco_containers,
    docker.io/sysdig/sysdig, sysdig/sysdig,
    gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube,
    gcr.io/google_containers/kube-proxy, docker.io/calico/node,
    docker.io/rook/toolbox, docker.io/cloudnativelabs/kube-router, docker.io/consul,
    docker.io/datadog/docker-dd-agent, docker.io/datadog/agent, docker.io/docker/ucp-agent, docker.io/gliderlabs/logspout,
    docker.io/netdata/netdata, docker.io/google/cadvisor, docker.io/prom/node-exporter,
    amazon/amazon-ecs-agent, prom/node-exporter, amazon/cloudwatch-agent
    ]

- macro: falco_sensitive_mount_containers
  condition: (user_trusted_containers or
              aws_eks_image_sensitive_mount or
              container.image.repository in (trusted_images) or
              container.image.repository in (falco_sensitive_mount_images) or
              container.image.repository startswith quay.io/sysdig/ or
              container.image.repository=k8scloudprovider/cinder-csi-plugin)

# Add conditions to this macro (probably in a separate file,
# overwriting this macro) to specify additional containers that are
# allowed to perform sensitive mounts.
#
# In this file, it just takes one of the images in falco_sensitive_mount_images
# and repeats it.
- macro: user_sensitive_mount_containers
  condition: (never_true)

# For now, only considering a full mount of /etc as
# sensitive. Ideally, this would also consider all subdirectories
# below /etc as well, but the globbing mechanism
# doesn't allow exclusions of a full pattern, only single characters.
- macro: sensitive_mount
  condition: (container.mount.dest[/proc*] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/var/run/docker.sock] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/var/run/crio/crio.sock] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/run/containerd/containerd.sock] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/var/lib/kubelet] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/var/lib/kubelet/pki] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/home/admin] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/etc] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/etc/kubernetes] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/etc/kubernetes/manifests] != "N/A" or
              container.mount.dest[/root*] != "N/A")

- rule: Launch Sensitive Mount Container
  desc: >
    Detect the initial process launched within a container that has a mount from a sensitive host directory (e.g. /proc). 
    Exceptions are made for known trusted images. This rule holds value for generic auditing; however, its noisiness 
    varies based on your environment.
  condition: >
    container_started 
    and container
    and sensitive_mount
    and not falco_sensitive_mount_containers
    and not user_sensitive_mount_containers
  output: Container with sensitive mount started (mounts=%container.mounts evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: INFO
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, cis, mitre_execution, T1610]

# In a local/user rules file, you could override this macro to
# explicitly enumerate the container images that you want to run in
# your environment. In this main falco rules file, there isn't any way
# to know all the containers that can run, so any container is
# allowed, by using a filter that is guaranteed to evaluate to true.
# In the overridden macro, the condition would look something like
# (container.image.repository = vendor/container-1 or
# container.image.repository = vendor/container-2 or ...)
- macro: allowed_containers
  condition: (container.id exists)

- rule: Launch Disallowed Container
  desc: >
    Detect the initial process launched within a container that is not in a list of allowed containers. 
    This rule holds value for generic auditing; however, this rule requires a good understanding of your 
    setup and consistent effort to keep the list of allowed containers current. In some situations, 
    this can be challenging to manage.
  condition: > 
    container_started 
    and container 
    and not allowed_containers
  output: Container started and not in allowed list (evt_type=%evt.type user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: WARNING
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, mitre_lateral_movement, T1610]

# In some environments, any attempt by a interpreted program (perl,
# python, ruby, etc) to listen for incoming connections or perform
# outgoing connections might be suspicious. These rules are not
# enabled by default.
- rule: Interpreted procs inbound network activity
  desc: > 
    Any inbound network activity performed by any interpreted program (perl, python, ruby, etc.). While it offers broad coverage and behavioral 
    insights, operationalizing it effectively requires significant time and might result in a moderate level of noise. Suggesting customizing 
    this rule to be more specific. For example, you could set it up to alert only for important namespaces after studying their usual behavior.
  condition: >
    inbound 
    and interpreted_procs
  enabled: false
  output: Interpreted program received/listened for network traffic (connection=%fd.name lport=%fd.lport rport=%fd.rport fd_type=%fd.type fd_proto=fd.l4proto evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, network, mitre_exfiltration, TA0011]

- rule: Interpreted procs outbound network activity
  desc: > 
    Any outbound network activity performed by any interpreted program (perl, python, ruby, etc.). While it offers broad coverage and behavioral 
    insights, operationalizing it effectively requires significant time and might result in a moderate level of noise. Suggesting customizing 
    this rule to be more specific. For example, you could set it up to alert only for important namespaces after studying their usual behavior.
  condition: >
    outbound 
    and interpreted_procs
  enabled: false
  output: Interpreted program performed outgoing network connection (connection=%fd.name lport=%fd.lport rport=%fd.rport fd_type=%fd.type fd_proto=fd.l4proto evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, network, mitre_exfiltration, TA0011]

# In a local/user rules file, list the container images that are
# allowed to contact NodePort services from within a container. This
# might cover cases where the K8s infrastructure itself is running
# within a container.
#
# By default, all containers are allowed to contact NodePort services.
- macro: nodeport_containers
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Unexpected K8s NodePort Connection
  desc: > 
    Detect attempts to utilize K8s NodePorts from a container. K8s NodePorts are accessible on the eth0 interface of 
    each node, and they facilitate external traffic into a Kubernetes cluster. Attackers could misuse them for 
    unauthorized access. The rule uses default port ranges, but check for custom ranges and make necessary adjustments. 
    Also, consider tuning this rule as needed.
  condition: > 
    inbound_outbound 
    and container 
    and fd.sport >= 30000 
    and fd.sport <= 32767 
    and not nodeport_containers
  enabled: false
  output: Unexpected K8s NodePort Connection (connection=%fd.name lport=%fd.lport rport=%fd.rport fd_type=%fd.type fd_proto=fd.l4proto evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, network, k8s, container, mitre_persistence, T1205.001, NIST_800-53_AC-6]

- list: exclude_hidden_directories
  items: [/root/.cassandra]

# The rule is disabled by default.
- macro: user_known_create_hidden_file_activities
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Create Hidden Files or Directories
  desc: > 
    Detecting hidden files or directories creation can serve as an auditing rule to track general system changes. 
    Such rules can be noisy and challenging to interpret, particularly if your system frequently undergoes updates. However, careful 
    profiling of your environment can transform this rule into an effective rule for detecting unusual behavior associated with system 
    changes, including compliance-related cases.
  condition: >
    ((modify and evt.arg.newpath contains "/.") or
     (mkdir and evt.arg.path contains "/.") or
     (open_write and evt.arg.flags contains "O_CREAT" and fd.name contains "/." and not fd.name pmatch (exclude_hidden_directories))) 
    and not user_known_create_hidden_file_activities
    and not exe_running_docker_save
  enabled: false
  output: Hidden file or directory created (file=%fd.name newpath=%evt.arg.newpath evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority:
    NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, mitre_defense_evasion, T1564.001]

- list: miner_ports
  items: [
        25, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3357, 4444,
        5555, 5556, 5588, 5730, 6099, 6666, 7777,
        7778, 8000, 8001, 8008, 8080, 8118, 8333,
        8888, 8899, 9332, 9999, 14433, 14444,
        45560, 45700
    ]

- list: miner_domains
  items: [
      "asia1.ethpool.org","ca.minexmr.com",
      "cn.stratum.slushpool.com","de.minexmr.com",
      "eth-ar.dwarfpool.com","eth-asia.dwarfpool.com",
      "eth-asia1.nanopool.org","eth-au.dwarfpool.com",
      "eth-au1.nanopool.org","eth-br.dwarfpool.com",
      "eth-cn.dwarfpool.com","eth-cn2.dwarfpool.com",
      "eth-eu.dwarfpool.com","eth-eu1.nanopool.org",
      "eth-eu2.nanopool.org","eth-hk.dwarfpool.com",
      "eth-jp1.nanopool.org","eth-ru.dwarfpool.com",
      "eth-ru2.dwarfpool.com","eth-sg.dwarfpool.com",
      "eth-us-east1.nanopool.org","eth-us-west1.nanopool.org",
      "eth-us.dwarfpool.com","eth-us2.dwarfpool.com",
      "eu.stratum.slushpool.com","eu1.ethermine.org",
      "eu1.ethpool.org","fr.minexmr.com",
      "mine.moneropool.com","mine.xmrpool.net",
      "pool.minexmr.com","pool.monero.hashvault.pro",
      "pool.supportxmr.com","sg.minexmr.com",
      "sg.stratum.slushpool.com","stratum-eth.antpool.com",
      "stratum-ltc.antpool.com","stratum-zec.antpool.com",
      "stratum.antpool.com","us-east.stratum.slushpool.com",
      "us1.ethermine.org","us1.ethpool.org",
      "us2.ethermine.org","us2.ethpool.org",
      "xmr-asia1.nanopool.org","xmr-au1.nanopool.org",
      "xmr-eu1.nanopool.org","xmr-eu2.nanopool.org",
      "xmr-jp1.nanopool.org","xmr-us-east1.nanopool.org",
      "xmr-us-west1.nanopool.org","xmr.crypto-pool.fr",
      "xmr.pool.minergate.com", "rx.unmineable.com",
      "ss.antpool.com","dash.antpool.com",
      "eth.antpool.com","zec.antpool.com",
      "xmc.antpool.com","btm.antpool.com",
      "stratum-dash.antpool.com","stratum-xmc.antpool.com",
      "stratum-btm.antpool.com"
      ]

- list: https_miner_domains
  items: [
    "ca.minexmr.com",
    "cn.stratum.slushpool.com",
    "de.minexmr.com",
    "fr.minexmr.com",
    "mine.moneropool.com",
    "mine.xmrpool.net",
    "pool.minexmr.com",
    "sg.minexmr.com",
    "stratum-eth.antpool.com",
    "stratum-ltc.antpool.com",
    "stratum-zec.antpool.com",
    "stratum.antpool.com",
    "xmr.crypto-pool.fr",
    "ss.antpool.com",
    "stratum-dash.antpool.com",
    "stratum-xmc.antpool.com",
    "stratum-btm.antpool.com",
    "btm.antpool.com"
  ]

- list: http_miner_domains
  items: [
    "ca.minexmr.com",
    "de.minexmr.com",
    "fr.minexmr.com",
    "mine.moneropool.com",
    "mine.xmrpool.net",
    "pool.minexmr.com",
    "sg.minexmr.com",
    "xmr.crypto-pool.fr"
  ]

# Add rule based on crypto mining IOCs
- macro: minerpool_https
  condition: (fd.sport="443" and fd.sip.name in (https_miner_domains))

- macro: minerpool_http
  condition: (fd.sport="80" and fd.sip.name in (http_miner_domains))

- macro: minerpool_other
  condition: (fd.sport in (miner_ports) and fd.sip.name in (miner_domains))

- macro: net_miner_pool
  condition: (evt.type in (sendto, sendmsg, connect) and evt.dir=< and (fd.net != "127.0.0.0/8" and not fd.snet in (rfc_1918_addresses)) and ((minerpool_http) or (minerpool_https) or (minerpool_other)))

- macro: trusted_images_query_miner_domain_dns
  condition: (container.image.repository in (falco_containers))

# The rule is disabled by default.
# Note: falco will send DNS request to resolve miner pool domain which may trigger alerts in your environment.
- rule: Detect outbound connections to common miner pool ports
  desc: > 
    Miners usually connect to miner pools using standard ports, and this rule flags such activity. Important: Falco currently sends DNS 
    requests to resolve miner pool domains, which could trigger other alerts. Prior to enabling this rule, it's advised to ensure whether 
    this is acceptable for your environment. This rule is specifically disabled for that reason.
  condition: > 
    net_miner_pool 
    and not trusted_images_query_miner_domain_dns
  enabled: false
  output: Outbound connection to IP/Port flagged by https://cryptoioc.ch (ip=%fd.rip connection=%fd.name lport=%fd.lport rport=%fd.rport fd_type=%fd.type fd_proto=fd.l4proto evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: CRITICAL
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, network, mitre_impact, T1496]

- rule: Detect crypto miners using the Stratum protocol
  desc: > 
    Miners commonly specify the mining pool to connect to using a URI that starts with "stratum+tcp". However, this rule is highly specific to 
    this technique, and matching command-line arguments can generally be bypassed quite easily.
  condition: > 
    spawned_process 
    and (proc.cmdline contains "stratum+tcp" or 
         proc.cmdline contains "stratum2+tcp" or 
         proc.cmdline contains "stratum+ssl" or 
         proc.cmdline contains "stratum2+ssl")
  output: Possible miner running (evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: CRITICAL
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, process, mitre_impact, T1496]

- list: k8s_client_binaries
  items: [docker, kubectl, crictl]

# TODO: Remove k8s.gcr.io reference after 01/Dec/2023
- list: user_known_k8s_ns_kube_system_images
  items: [
    k8s.gcr.io/fluentd-gcp-scaler,
    k8s.gcr.io/node-problem-detector/node-problem-detector,
    registry.k8s.io/fluentd-gcp-scaler,
    registry.k8s.io/node-problem-detector/node-problem-detector
  ]

- list: user_known_k8s_images
  items: [
    mcr.microsoft.com/aks/hcp/hcp-tunnel-front
  ]

# Whitelist for known docker client binaries run inside container
# - k8s.gcr.io/fluentd-gcp-scaler / registry.k8s.io/fluentd-gcp-scaler in GCP/GKE
# TODO: Remove k8s.gcr.io reference after 01/Dec/2023
- macro: user_known_k8s_client_container
  condition: >
    (k8s.ns.name="kube-system" and container.image.repository in (user_known_k8s_ns_kube_system_images)) or container.image.repository in (user_known_k8s_images)

- macro: user_known_k8s_client_container_parens
  condition: (user_known_k8s_client_container)

- rule: Kubernetes Client Tool Launched in Container
  desc: > 
    Detect the execution of a Kubernetes client tool (like docker, kubectl, crictl) within a container, which is typically not expected behavior. 
    Although this rule targets container workloads, monitoring the use of tools like crictl on the host over interactive access could also be 
    valuable for broader auditing objectives.
  condition: > 
    spawned_process 
    and container 
    and not user_known_k8s_client_container_parens 
    and proc.name in (k8s_client_binaries)
  output: Kubernetes Client Tool Launched in Container (evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: WARNING
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, mitre_execution, T1610]

# The two Container Drift rules below will fire when a new executable is created in a container.
# There are two ways to create executables - file is created with execution permissions or permissions change of existing file.
# We will use a new filter, is_open_exec, to find all files creations with execution permission, and will trace all chmods in a container.
# The use case we are targeting here is an attempt to execute code that was not shipped as part of a container (drift) -
# an activity that might be malicious or non-compliant.
# Two things to pay attention to:
#   1) In most cases, 'docker cp' will not be identified, but the assumption is that if an attacker gained access to the container runtime daemon, they are already privileged
#   2) Drift rules will be noisy in environments in which containers are built (e.g. docker build)
# These two rules are not enabled by default.
- macro: user_known_container_drift_activities
  condition: (never_true)

- rule: Container Drift Detected (chmod)
  desc: > 
    Detect new executables created within a container as a result of chmod. While this detection can generate significant noise, chmod 
    usage is frequently linked to dropping and executing malicious implants. The newer rule "Drop and execute new binary in container" 
    provides more precise detection of this TTP using unambiguous kernel signals. It is recommended to use the new rule. However, this 
    rule might be more relevant for auditing if applicable in your environment, such as when chmod is used on files within the /tmp folder.
  condition: >
    chmod 
    and container 
    and evt.rawres>=0 
    and ((evt.arg.mode contains "S_IXUSR") or
         (evt.arg.mode contains "S_IXGRP") or
         (evt.arg.mode contains "S_IXOTH"))
    and not runc_writing_exec_fifo 
    and not runc_writing_var_lib_docker 
    and not user_known_container_drift_activities 
  enabled: false
  output: Drift detected (chmod), new executable created in a container (filename=%evt.arg.filename name=%evt.arg.name mode=%evt.arg.mode evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, process, filesystem, mitre_execution, T1059]

# ****************************************************************************
# * "Container Drift Detected (open+create)" requires FALCO_ENGINE_VERSION 6 *
# ****************************************************************************
- rule: Container Drift Detected (open+create)
  desc: >
    Detect new executables created within a container as a result of open+create. The newer rule "Drop and execute new binary in container" 
    provides more precise detection of this TTP using unambiguous kernel signals. It is recommended to use the new rule. 
  condition: >
    evt.type in (open,openat,openat2,creat) 
    and evt.rawres>=0
    and evt.is_open_exec=true 
    and container 
    and not runc_writing_exec_fifo 
    and not runc_writing_var_lib_docker 
    and not user_known_container_drift_activities 
  enabled: false
  output: Drift detected (open+create), new executable created in a container (filename=%evt.arg.filename name=%evt.arg.name mode=%evt.arg.mode evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: ERROR
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, process, filesystem, mitre_execution, T1059]

- list: run_as_root_image_list
  items: []

- macro: user_known_run_as_root_container
  condition: (container.image.repository in (run_as_root_image_list))

# The rule is disabled by default and should be enabled when non-root container policy has been applied.
# Note the rule will not work as expected when usernamespace is applied, e.g. userns-remap is enabled.
- rule: Container Run as Root User
  desc: > 
    Container detected running as the root user. This should be taken into account especially when policies disallow containers from running with 
    root user privileges. Note that a root user in containers doesn't inherently possess extensive power, as modern container environments define 
    privileges through Linux capabilities. To learn more, check out the rule "Launch Privileged Container".
  condition: > 
    spawned_process 
    and container 
    and proc.vpid=1 
    and user.uid=0 
    and not user_known_run_as_root_container
  enabled: false
  output: Container launched with root user privilege (evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: INFO
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, process, users, mitre_execution, T1610]

# This rule helps detect CVE-2021-3156:
# A privilege escalation to root through heap-based buffer overflow
- rule: Sudo Potential Privilege Escalation
  desc: > 
    Affecting sudo (<= 1.9.5p2), there's a privilege escalation vulnerability. By executing sudo using the sudoedit -s or sudoedit -i command with a 
    command-line argument that ends with a single backslash character, an unprivileged user can potentially escalate privileges to root. This rule is 
    highly specific and might be bypassed due to potential issues with string matching on command line arguments.
  condition: > 
    spawned_process 
    and user.uid != 0 
    and (proc.name=sudoedit or proc.name = sudo) 
    and (proc.args contains -s or proc.args contains -i or proc.args contains --login) 
    and (proc.args contains "\ " or proc.args endswith \)
  output: Detect Sudo Privilege Escalation Exploit (CVE-2021-3156) (evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: CRITICAL
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, filesystem, users, mitre_privilege_escalation, T1548.003]

- list: user_known_userfaultfd_processes
  items: []

- rule: Unprivileged Delegation of Page Faults Handling to a Userspace Process
  desc: > 
    Detect a successful unprivileged userfaultfd syscall, which could serve as an attack primitive for exploiting other vulnerabilities. 
    To fine-tune this rule, consider using the template list "user_known_userfaultfd_processes".
  condition: >
    evt.type = userfaultfd 
    and user.uid != 0 
    and (evt.rawres >= 0 or evt.res != -1) 
    and not proc.name in (user_known_userfaultfd_processes)
  output: An userfaultfd syscall was successfully executed by an unprivileged user (evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: CRITICAL
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, process, mitre_defense_evasion, TA0005]

# This rule helps detect CVE-2021-4034:
# A privilege escalation to root through memory corruption
- rule: Polkit Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2021-4034)
  desc: > 
    This rule detects attempts to exploit a privilege escalation vulnerability in Polkit's pkexec. Through the execution of specially 
    crafted code, a local user can exploit this weakness to attain root privileges on a compromised system. This rule is highly 
    specific in its scope.
  condition:
    spawned_process 
    and user.uid != 0 
    and proc.name=pkexec 
    and proc.args = ''
  output: Detect Polkit pkexec Local Privilege Escalation Exploit (CVE-2021-4034) (args=%proc.args evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: CRITICAL
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, process, users, mitre_privilege_escalation, TA0004]

# Rule for detecting potential Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228) exploitation
# Note: Not compatible with Java 17+, which uses read() syscalls
- macro: java_network_read
  condition: (evt.type=recvfrom and fd.type in (ipv4, ipv6) and proc.exe endswith java)

- rule: Java Process Class File Download
  desc: > 
    Detecting a Java process downloading a class file which could indicate a successful exploit of the log4shell Log4j vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228). 
    This rule is highly specific in its scope.
  condition: >
    java_network_read 
    and evt.buffer bcontains cafebabe
  output: Java process class file download (server_ip=%fd.sip server_port=%fd.sport connection=%fd.name lport=%fd.lport rport=%fd.rport fd_type=%fd.type fd_proto=fd.l4proto evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: CRITICAL
  enabled: false
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, process, mitre_initial_access, T1190]

- list: docker_binaries
  items: [docker, dockerd, containerd-shim, "runc:[1:CHILD]", pause, exe, docker-compose, docker-entrypoi, docker-runc-cur, docker-current, dockerd-current]

- macro: docker_procs
  condition: proc.name in (docker_binaries)

- rule: Modify Container Entrypoint
  desc: > 
    This rule detect an attempt to write on container entrypoint symlink (/proc/self/exe). Possible CVE-2019-5736 Container Breakout exploitation attempt. 
    This rule has a more narrow scope.
  condition: >
    open_write 
    and container 
    and (fd.name=/proc/self/exe or fd.name startswith /proc/self/fd/) 
    and not docker_procs 
    and not proc.cmdline = "runc:[1:CHILD] init"
  enabled: false
  output: Detect Potential Container Breakout Exploit (CVE-2019-5736) (file=%fd.name evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: WARNING
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, filesystem, mitre_initial_access, T1611]

- list: bpf_profiled_binaries
  items: [falco, bpftool]

- macro: bpf_profiled_procs
  condition: (proc.name in (bpf_profiled_binaries))

- rule: BPF Program Not Profiled
  desc: > 
    BPF is a kernel technology that can be misused for malicious purposes, like "Linux Kernel Module Injection". This 
    rule should be considered an auditing rule to notify you of any unprofiled BPF tools running in your environment. 
    However, it requires customization after profiling your environment. BPF-powered agents make bpf syscalls all the 
    time, so this rule only sends logs for BPF_PROG_LOAD calls (bpf cmd=5) in the enter event. If you also want to log 
    whether the syscall failed or succeeded, remove the direction filter and add the evt.arg.res_or_fd output field.
  condition: >
    evt.type=bpf and evt.dir=> 
    and evt.arg.cmd=5
    and not bpf_profiled_procs
  output: BPF Program Not Profiled (bpf_cmd=%evt.arg.cmd evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, mitre_persistence, TA0003]

- list: known_decode_payload_containers
  items: []

- macro: base64_decoding
  condition: (proc.cmdline contains "base64" and (proc.cmdline contains "--decode" or proc.cmdline contains "-d"))

- rule: Decoding Payload in Container
  desc: > 
    Detect any use of {base64} decoding in a container. Legitimate applications may decode encoded payloads. The template list 
    known_decode_payload_containers can be used for simple tuning and customization, or you can adopt custom, more refined tuning. Less 
    sophisticated adversaries may {base64}-decode their payloads not only to obfuscate them, but also to ensure that the payload remains 
    intact when the application processes it. Note that injecting commands into an application's input often results in the application 
    processing passed strings like "sh -c". In these cases, you may be lucky and the encoded blob will also be logged. Otherwise, all you 
    will see is the {base64} decoding command, as the encoded blob was already interpreted by the shell. 
  condition: >
    spawned_process 
    and container 
    and base64_decoding 
    and not container.image.repository in (known_decode_payload_containers)
  output: Decoding Payload in Container (evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: INFO
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, container, process, mitre_command_and_control, T1132] 
- list: recon_binaries
  items: [w, whoami, id, who, uname]

- condition: (proc.name in (recon_binaries))
  macro: recon_binaries_procs

- rule: Basic Interactive Reconnaissance
  desc: >
    This rule detects basic interactive reconnaissance commands that are typically run by unsophisticated attackers or used 
    in internal Red Team exercises. Interactive is defined as a terminal being present (proc.tty != 0). This could be any 
    form of reverse shell or usage of kubectl exec or ssh etc. In addition, filtering for the process being the process group  
    leader indicates that the command was "directly" typed into the terminal and not run as a result of a script. This rule 
    is a basic auditing or template rule. You can expand the list of reconnaissance commands, such as by adding "ls". Common 
    anti-patterns are SRE activity or debugging, but it is still worth capturing this generically. Typically, you would expect 
    other rules to fire as well in relation to this activity.
  condition: >
    spawned_process 
    and recon_binaries_procs 
    and proc.tty != 0 
    and proc.is_vpgid_leader=true
  output: Basic Interactive Reconnaissance (evt_type=%evt.type user=%user.name user_uid=%user.uid user_loginuid=%user.loginuid process=%proc.name proc_exepath=%proc.exepath parent=%proc.pname command=%proc.cmdline terminal=%proc.tty exe_flags=%evt.arg.flags %container.info)
  priority: NOTICE
  tags: [maturity_sandbox, host, container, process, mitre_reconnaissance, TA0043]