info.js

const urllib = require('url');
const querystring = require('querystring');
const sax = require('sax');
const miniget = require('miniget');
const utils = require('./utils');
const formatUtils = require('./format-utils');
const urlUtils = require('./url-utils');
const extras = require('./info-extras');
const sig = require('./sig');
const Cache = require('./cache');


const VIDEO_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=';


// Cached for storing basic/full info.
exports.cache = new Cache();
exports.cookieCache = new Cache(1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
exports.watchPageCache = new Cache();


// Special error class used to determine if an error is unrecoverable,
// as in, ytdl-core should not try again to fetch the video metadata.
// In this case, the video is usually unavailable in some way.
class UnrecoverableError extends Error {}


// List of URLs that show up in `notice_url` for age restricted videos.
const AGE_RESTRICTED_URLS = [
  'support.google.com/youtube/?p=age_restrictions',
  'youtube.com/t/community_guidelines',
];


/**
 * Gets info from a video without getting additional formats.
 *
 * @param {string} id
 * @param {Object} options
 * @returns {Promise<Object>}
*/
exports.getBasicInfo = async(id, options) => {
  const retryOptions = Object.assign({}, miniget.defaultOptions, options.requestOptions);
  const isValid = info =>
    info.player_response && (info.player_response.streamingData || isRental(info.player_response));
  let info = await pipeline([id, options], retryOptions, isValid, [
    getJSONWatchPage,
    getEmbedPage,
    getVideoInfoPage,
  ]);

  Object.assign(info, {
    formats: parseFormats(info.player_response),
    related_videos: extras.getRelatedVideos(info),
  });

  // Add additional properties to info.
  const media = extras.getMedia(info);
  let additional = {
    author: extras.getAuthor(info),
    media,
    likes: extras.getLikes(info),
    dislikes: extras.getDislikes(info),
    age_restricted: media && media.notice_url && AGE_RESTRICTED_URLS.some(url => media.notice_url.includes(url)),

    // Give the standard link to the video.
    video_url: VIDEO_URL + id,
  };

  info.videoDetails = Object.assign({},
    info.player_response.microformat.playerMicroformatRenderer,
    info.player_response.videoDetails, additional);

  return info;
};

const privateVideoError = player_response => {
  let playability = player_response.playabilityStatus;
  if (playability.status === 'LOGIN_REQUIRED' && playability.messages &&
    playability.messages.filter(m => /This is a private video/.test(m)).length) {
    return new UnrecoverableError(playability.reason || (playability.messages && playability.messages[0]));
  } else {
    return null;
  }
};


const isRental = player_response => {
  let playability = player_response.playabilityStatus;
  return playability && playability.status === 'UNPLAYABLE' && /requires payment/.test(playability.reason);
};


const getHTMLWatchURL = (id, options) => `${VIDEO_URL + id}&hl=${options.lang || 'en'}`;
const getHTMLWatchPageBody = (id, options) => {
  const url = getHTMLWatchURL(id, options);
  return exports.watchPageCache.getOrSet(url, () => miniget(url, options.requestOptions).text());
};


const getHTML5player = body => {
  let html5playerRes =
    /<script\s+src="([^"]+)"(?:\s+type="text\/javascript")?\s+name="player_ias\/base"\s*>|"jsUrl":"([^"]+)"/
      .exec(body);
  return html5playerRes ? html5playerRes[1] || html5playerRes[2] : null;
};


const getIdentityToken = (id, options, key, throwIfNotFound) =>
  exports.cookieCache.getOrSet(key, async() => {
    let page = await getHTMLWatchPageBody(id, options);
    let match = page.match(/(["'])ID_TOKEN\1[:,]\s?"([^"]+)"/);
    if (!match && throwIfNotFound) {
      throw new UnrecoverableError('Cookie header used in request, but unable to find YouTube identity token');
    }
    return match && match[2];
  });


/**
 * Goes through each endpoint in the pipeline, retrying on failure if the error is recoverable.
 * If unable to succeed with one endpoint, moves onto the next one.
 *
 * @param {Array.<Object>} args
 * @param {Object} retryOptions
 * @param {Function} isValid
 * @param {Array.<Function>} endpoints
 * @returns {[Object, Object, Object]}
 */
const pipeline = async(args, retryOptions, isValid, endpoints) => {
  let info;
  for (let func of endpoints) {
    try {
      const newInfo = await retryFunc(func, args.concat([info]), retryOptions);
      newInfo.player_response.videoDetails = assign(
        info && info.player_response && info.player_response.videoDetails,
        newInfo.player_response.videoDetails);
      newInfo.player_response = assign(info && info.player_response, newInfo.player_response);
      info = assign(info, newInfo);
      if (isValid(info)) {
        break;
      }
    } catch (err) {
      if (err instanceof UnrecoverableError || func === endpoints[endpoints.length - 1]) {
        throw err;
      }
      // Unable to find video metadata... so try next endpoint.
    }
  }
  return info;
};


/**
 * Like Object.assign(), but ignores `null` and `undefined` from `source`.
 *
 * @param {Object} target
 * @param {Object} source
 * @returns {Object}
 */
const assign = (target, source) => {
  if (!target || !source) { return target || source; }
  for (let [key, value] of Object.entries(source)) {
    if (value !== null && value !== undefined) {
      target[key] = value;
    }
  }
  return target;
};


/**
 * Given a function, calls it with `args` until it's successful,
 * or until it encounters an unrecoverable error.
 * Currently, any error from miniget is considered unrecoverable. Errors such as
 * too many redirects, invalid URL, status code 404, status code 502.
 *
 * @param {Function} func
 * @param {Array.<Object>} args
 * @param {Object} options
 * @param {number} options.maxRetries
 * @param {Object} options.backoff
 * @param {number} options.backoff.inc
 */
const retryFunc = async(func, args, options) => {
  let currentTry = 0, result;
  while (currentTry <= options.maxRetries) {
    try {
      result = await func(...args);
      break;
    } catch (err) {
      if (err instanceof UnrecoverableError ||
        (err instanceof miniget.MinigetError && err.statusCode < 500) || currentTry >= options.maxRetries) {
        throw err;
      }
      let wait = Math.min(++currentTry * options.backoff.inc, options.backoff.max);
      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, wait));
    }
  }
  return result;
};


const jsonClosingChars = /^[)\]}'\s]+/;
const parseJSON = (source, json) => {
  if (!json || typeof json === 'object') {
    return json;
  } else {
    try {
      json = json.replace(jsonClosingChars, '');
      return JSON.parse(json);
    } catch (err) {
      throw Error(`Error parsing ${source}: ${err.message}`);
    }
  }
};


const findPlayerResponse = (source, info) => {
  const player_response = info && (
    (info.player && info.player.args && info.player.args.player_response) ||
    info.player_response || info.playerResponse || info.embedded_player_response);
  return parseJSON(source, player_response);
};


const getWatchJSONURL = (id, options) => `${getHTMLWatchURL(id, options)}&pbj=1`;
const getJSONWatchPage = async(id, options) => {
  const reqOptions = Object.assign({ headers: {} }, options.requestOptions);
  let cookie = reqOptions.headers.Cookie || reqOptions.headers.cookie;
  reqOptions.headers = Object.assign({
    'x-youtube-client-name': '1',
    'x-youtube-client-version': '2.20201117.05.00',
    'x-youtube-identity-token': exports.cookieCache.get(cookie || 'browser') || '',
  }, reqOptions.headers);

  const setIdentityToken = async(key, throwIfNotFound) => {
    if (reqOptions.headers['x-youtube-identity-token']) { return; }
    reqOptions.headers['x-youtube-identity-token'] = await getIdentityToken(id, options, key, throwIfNotFound);
  };

  if (cookie) {
    await setIdentityToken(cookie, true);
  }

  const jsonUrl = getWatchJSONURL(id, options);
  let body = await miniget(jsonUrl, reqOptions).text();
  let parsedBody;
  parsedBody = parseJSON('watch.json', body);
  if (parsedBody.reload === 'now') {
    await setIdentityToken('browser', false);
  }
  if (parsedBody.reload === 'now' || !Array.isArray(parsedBody)) {
    throw Error('Unable to retrieve video metadata in watch.json');
  }
  let info = parsedBody.reduce((part, curr) => Object.assign(curr, part), {});
  info.player_response = findPlayerResponse('watch.json `player_response`', info);
  info.html5player = info.player && info.player.assets && info.player.assets.js;

  let playErr = utils.playError(info.player_response, ['ERROR'], UnrecoverableError);
  let privateErr = privateVideoError(info.player_response);
  if (playErr || privateErr) {
    throw playErr || privateErr;
  }

  return info;
};


/**
 * If the video page doesn't work, maybe because it has mature content.
 * and requires an account logged in to view, try the embed page.
 *
 * @param {string} id
 * @param {Object} options
 * @returns {string}
 */
const EMBED_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/';
const getEmbedURL = (id, options) => `${EMBED_URL + id}?hl=${options.lang || 'en'}`;
const getEmbedPage = async(id, options) => {
  const embedUrl = getEmbedURL(id, options);
  let body = await miniget(embedUrl, options.requestOptions).text();
  let configJson = utils.between(body, /(['"])PLAYER_(CONFIG|VARS)\1:\s?/, '</script>');
  if (!configJson) {
    throw Error('Could not find player config in embed.html');
  }
  let config = parseJSON('embed config', utils.cutAfterJSON(configJson));
  let info = config.args || config;
  info.player_response = findPlayerResponse('embed `player_response`', info);
  info.html5player = getHTML5player(body);
  return info;
};


const INFO_HOST = 'www.youtube.com';
const INFO_PATH = '/get_video_info';
const VIDEO_EURL = 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/';
const getVideoInfoPage = async(id, options) => {
  const url = urllib.format({
    protocol: 'https',
    host: INFO_HOST,
    pathname: INFO_PATH,
    query: {
      video_id: id,
      eurl: VIDEO_EURL + id,
      ps: 'default',
      gl: 'US',
      hl: options.lang || 'en',
    },
  });
  let body = await miniget(url, options.requestOptions).text();
  let info = querystring.parse(body);
  info.player_response = findPlayerResponse('get_video_info `player_response`', info);
  return info;
};


/**
 * @param {Object} player_response
 * @returns {Array.<Object>}
 */
const parseFormats = player_response => {
  let formats = [];
  if (player_response.streamingData) {
    formats = formats
      .concat(player_response.streamingData.formats || [])
      .concat(player_response.streamingData.adaptiveFormats || []);
  }
  return formats;
};


/**
 * Gets info from a video additional formats and deciphered URLs.
 *
 * @param {string} id
 * @param {Object} options
 * @returns {Promise<Object>}
 */
exports.getInfo = async(id, options) => {
  let info = await exports.getBasicInfo(id, options);
  const hasManifest =
    info.player_response && info.player_response.streamingData && (
      info.player_response.streamingData.dashManifestUrl ||
      info.player_response.streamingData.hlsManifestUrl
    );
  let funcs = [];
  if (info.formats.length) {
    info.html5player = info.html5player || getHTML5player(await getHTMLWatchPageBody(id, options));
    if (!info.html5player) {
      throw Error('Unable to find html5player file');
    }
    const html5player = urllib.resolve(VIDEO_URL, info.html5player);
    funcs.push(sig.decipherFormats(info.formats, html5player, options));
  }
  if (hasManifest && info.player_response.streamingData.dashManifestUrl) {
    let url = info.player_response.streamingData.dashManifestUrl;
    funcs.push(getDashManifest(url, options));
  }
  if (hasManifest && info.player_response.streamingData.hlsManifestUrl) {
    let url = info.player_response.streamingData.hlsManifestUrl;
    funcs.push(getM3U8(url, options));
  }

  let results = await Promise.all(funcs);
  info.formats = Object.values(Object.assign({}, ...results));
  info.formats = info.formats.map(formatUtils.addFormatMeta);
  info.formats.sort(formatUtils.sortFormats);
  info.full = true;
  return info;
};


/**
 * Gets additional DASH formats.
 *
 * @param {string} url
 * @param {Object} options
 * @returns {Promise<Array.<Object>>}
 */
const getDashManifest = (url, options) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  let formats = {};
  const parser = sax.parser(false);
  parser.onerror = reject;
  let adaptationSet;
  parser.onopentag = node => {
    if (node.name === 'ADAPTATIONSET') {
      adaptationSet = node.attributes;
    } else if (node.name === 'REPRESENTATION') {
      const itag = parseInt(node.attributes.ID);
      if (!isNaN(itag)) {
        formats[url] = Object.assign({
          itag, url,
          bitrate: parseInt(node.attributes.BANDWIDTH),
          mimeType: `${adaptationSet.MIMETYPE}; codecs="${node.attributes.CODECS}"`,
        }, node.attributes.HEIGHT ? {
          width: parseInt(node.attributes.WIDTH),
          height: parseInt(node.attributes.HEIGHT),
          fps: parseInt(node.attributes.FRAMERATE),
        } : {
          audioSampleRate: node.attributes.AUDIOSAMPLINGRATE,
        });
      }
    }
  };
  parser.onend = () => { resolve(formats); };
  const req = miniget(urllib.resolve(VIDEO_URL, url), options.requestOptions);
  req.setEncoding('utf8');
  req.on('error', reject);
  req.on('data', chunk => { parser.write(chunk); });
  req.on('end', parser.close.bind(parser));
});


/**
 * Gets additional formats.
 *
 * @param {string} url
 * @param {Object} options
 * @returns {Promise<Array.<Object>>}
 */
const getM3U8 = async(url, options) => {
  url = urllib.resolve(VIDEO_URL, url);
  let body = await miniget(url, options.requestOptions).text();
  let formats = {};
  body
    .split('\n')
    .filter(line => /^https?:\/\//.test(line))
    .forEach(line => {
      const itag = parseInt(line.match(/\/itag\/(\d+)\//)[1]);
      formats[line] = { itag, url: line };
    });
  return formats;
};


// Cache get info functions.
// In case a user wants to get a video's info before downloading.
for (let funcName of ['getBasicInfo', 'getInfo']) {
  /**
   * @param {string} link
   * @param {Object} options
   * @returns {Promise<Object>}
   */
  const func = exports[funcName];
  exports[funcName] = (link, options = {}) => {
    utils.checkForUpdates();
    let id = urlUtils.getVideoID(link);
    const key = [funcName, id, options.lang].join('-');
    return exports.cache.getOrSet(key, () => func(id, options));
  };
}


// Export a few helpers.
exports.validateID = urlUtils.validateID;
exports.validateURL = urlUtils.validateURL;
exports.getURLVideoID = urlUtils.getURLVideoID;
exports.getVideoID = urlUtils.getVideoID;