mediaType.go

// Copyright 2017-present The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package media

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"sort"
	"strings"

	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
)

const (
	defaultDelimiter = "."
)

// Type (also known as MIME type and content type) is a two-part identifier for
// file formats and format contents transmitted on the Internet.
// For Hugo's use case, we use the top-level type name / subtype name + suffix.
// One example would be application/svg+xml
// If suffix is not provided, the sub type will be used.
// See // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type
type Type struct {
	MainType string `json:"mainType"` // i.e. text
	SubType  string `json:"subType"`  // i.e. html

	// Deprecated in Hugo 0.44. To be renamed and unexported.
	// Was earlier used both to set file suffix and to augment the MIME type.
	// This had its limitations and issues.
	OldSuffix string `json:"-" mapstructure:"suffix"`

	Delimiter string `json:"delimiter"` // e.g. "."

	Suffixes []string `json:"suffixes"`

	// Set when doing lookup by suffix.
	fileSuffix string
}

// FromStringAndExt is same as FromString, but adds the file extension to the type.
func FromStringAndExt(t, ext string) (Type, error) {
	tp, err := fromString(t)
	if err != nil {
		return tp, err
	}
	tp.Suffixes = []string{strings.TrimPrefix(ext, ".")}
	return tp, nil
}

// FromString creates a new Type given a type string on the form MainType/SubType and
// an optional suffix, e.g. "text/html" or "text/html+html".
func fromString(t string) (Type, error) {
	t = strings.ToLower(t)
	parts := strings.Split(t, "/")
	if len(parts) != 2 {
		return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %q as a media type", t)
	}
	mainType := parts[0]
	subParts := strings.Split(parts[1], "+")

	subType := strings.Split(subParts[0], ";")[0]

	var suffix string

	if len(subParts) > 1 {
		suffix = subParts[1]
	}

	return Type{MainType: mainType, SubType: subType, OldSuffix: suffix}, nil
}

// Type returns a string representing the main- and sub-type of a media type, e.g. "text/css".
// A suffix identifier will be appended after a "+" if set, e.g. "image/svg+xml".
// Hugo will register a set of default media types.
// These can be overridden by the user in the configuration,
// by defining a media type with the same Type.
func (m Type) Type() string {
	// Examples are
	// image/svg+xml
	// text/css
	if m.OldSuffix != "" {
		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s+%s", m.MainType, m.SubType, m.OldSuffix)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", m.MainType, m.SubType)

}

func (m Type) String() string {
	return m.Type()
}

// FullSuffix returns the file suffix with any delimiter prepended.
func (m Type) FullSuffix() string {
	return m.Delimiter + m.Suffix()
}

// Suffix returns the file suffix without any delmiter prepended.
func (m Type) Suffix() string {
	if m.fileSuffix != "" {
		return m.fileSuffix
	}
	if len(m.Suffixes) > 0 {
		return m.Suffixes[0]
	}
	// There are MIME types without file suffixes.
	return ""
}

var (
	// Definitions from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types etc.
	// Note that from Hugo 0.44 we only set Suffix if it is part of the MIME type.
	CalendarType   = Type{MainType: "text", SubType: "calendar", Suffixes: []string{"ics"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	CSSType        = Type{MainType: "text", SubType: "css", Suffixes: []string{"css"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	SCSSType       = Type{MainType: "text", SubType: "x-scss", Suffixes: []string{"scss"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	SASSType       = Type{MainType: "text", SubType: "x-sass", Suffixes: []string{"sass"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	CSVType        = Type{MainType: "text", SubType: "csv", Suffixes: []string{"csv"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	HTMLType       = Type{MainType: "text", SubType: "html", Suffixes: []string{"html"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	JavascriptType = Type{MainType: "application", SubType: "javascript", Suffixes: []string{"js"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	JSONType       = Type{MainType: "application", SubType: "json", Suffixes: []string{"json"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	RSSType        = Type{MainType: "application", SubType: "rss", OldSuffix: "xml", Suffixes: []string{"xml"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	XMLType        = Type{MainType: "application", SubType: "xml", Suffixes: []string{"xml"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	SVGType        = Type{MainType: "image", SubType: "svg", OldSuffix: "xml", Suffixes: []string{"svg"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}
	TextType       = Type{MainType: "text", SubType: "plain", Suffixes: []string{"txt"}, Delimiter: defaultDelimiter}

	OctetType = Type{MainType: "application", SubType: "octet-stream"}
)

var DefaultTypes = Types{
	CalendarType,
	CSSType,
	CSVType,
	SCSSType,
	SASSType,
	HTMLType,
	JavascriptType,
	JSONType,
	RSSType,
	XMLType,
	SVGType,
	TextType,
	OctetType,
}

func init() {
	sort.Sort(DefaultTypes)
}

type Types []Type

func (t Types) Len() int           { return len(t) }
func (t Types) Swap(i, j int)      { t[i], t[j] = t[j], t[i] }
func (t Types) Less(i, j int) bool { return t[i].Type() < t[j].Type() }

func (t Types) GetByType(tp string) (Type, bool) {
	for _, tt := range t {
		if strings.EqualFold(tt.Type(), tp) {
			return tt, true
		}
	}

	if !strings.Contains(tp, "+") {
		// Try with the main and sub type
		parts := strings.Split(tp, "/")
		if len(parts) == 2 {
			return t.GetByMainSubType(parts[0], parts[1])
		}
	}

	return Type{}, false
}

// GetFirstBySuffix will return the first media type matching the given suffix.
func (t Types) GetFirstBySuffix(suffix string) (Type, bool) {
	for _, tt := range t {
		if match := tt.matchSuffix(suffix); match != "" {
			tt.fileSuffix = match
			return tt, true
		}
	}
	return Type{}, false
}

// GetBySuffix gets a media type given as suffix, e.g. "html".
// It will return false if no format could be found, or if the suffix given
// is ambiguous.
// The lookup is case insensitive.
func (t Types) GetBySuffix(suffix string) (tp Type, found bool) {
	for _, tt := range t {
		if match := tt.matchSuffix(suffix); match != "" {
			if found {
				// ambiguous
				found = false
				return
			}
			tp = tt
			tp.fileSuffix = match
			found = true
		}
	}
	return
}

func (t Type) matchSuffix(suffix string) string {
	if strings.EqualFold(suffix, t.OldSuffix) {
		return t.OldSuffix
	}
	for _, s := range t.Suffixes {
		if strings.EqualFold(suffix, s) {
			return s
		}
	}

	return ""
}

// GetMainSubType gets a media type given a main and a sub type e.g. "text" and "plain".
// It will return false if no format could be found, or if the combination given
// is ambiguous.
// The lookup is case insensitive.
func (t Types) GetByMainSubType(mainType, subType string) (tp Type, found bool) {
	for _, tt := range t {
		if strings.EqualFold(mainType, tt.MainType) && strings.EqualFold(subType, tt.SubType) {
			if found {
				// ambiguous
				found = false
				return
			}

			tp = tt
			found = true
		}
	}
	return
}

func suffixIsDeprecated() {
	helpers.Deprecated("MediaType", "Suffix in config.toml", `
Before Hugo 0.44 this was used both to set a custom file suffix and as way
to augment the mediatype definition (what you see after the "+", e.g. "image/svg+xml").

This had its limitations. For one, it was only possible with one file extension per MIME type.

Now you can specify multiple file suffixes using "suffixes", but you need to specify the full MIME type
identifier:

[mediaTypes]
[mediaTypes."image/svg+xml"]
suffixes = ["svg", "abc" ]

In most cases, it will be enough to just change:

[mediaTypes]
[mediaTypes."my/custom-mediatype"]
suffix = "txt"

To:

[mediaTypes]
[mediaTypes."my/custom-mediatype"]
suffixes = ["txt"]

Hugo will still respect values set in "suffix" if no value for "suffixes" is provided, but this will be removed
in a future release.

Note that you can still get the Media Type's suffix from a template: {{ $mediaType.Suffix }}. But this will now map to the MIME type filename.
`, false)
}

// DecodeTypes takes a list of media type configurations and merges those,
// in the order given, with the Hugo defaults as the last resort.
func DecodeTypes(maps ...map[string]interface{}) (Types, error) {
	var m Types

	// Maps type string to Type. Type string is the full application/svg+xml.
	mmm := make(map[string]Type)
	for _, dt := range DefaultTypes {
		suffixes := make([]string, len(dt.Suffixes))
		copy(suffixes, dt.Suffixes)
		dt.Suffixes = suffixes
		mmm[dt.Type()] = dt
	}

	for _, mm := range maps {
		for k, v := range mm {
			var mediaType Type

			mediaType, found := mmm[k]
			if !found {
				var err error
				mediaType, err = fromString(k)
				if err != nil {
					return m, err
				}
			}

			if err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(v, &mediaType); err != nil {
				return m, err
			}

			vm := v.(map[string]interface{})
			_, delimiterSet := vm["delimiter"]
			_, suffixSet := vm["suffix"]

			if suffixSet {
				suffixIsDeprecated()
			}

			// Before Hugo 0.44 we had a non-standard use of the Suffix
			// attribute, and this is now deprecated (use Suffixes for file suffixes).
			// But we need to keep old configurations working for a while.
			if len(mediaType.Suffixes) == 0 && mediaType.OldSuffix != "" {
				mediaType.Suffixes = []string{mediaType.OldSuffix}
			}
			// The user may set the delimiter as an empty string.
			if !delimiterSet && len(mediaType.Suffixes) != 0 {
				mediaType.Delimiter = defaultDelimiter
			} else if suffixSet && !delimiterSet {
				mediaType.Delimiter = defaultDelimiter
			}

			mmm[k] = mediaType

		}
	}

	for _, v := range mmm {
		m = append(m, v)
	}
	sort.Sort(m)

	return m, nil
}

func (m Type) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	type Alias Type
	return json.Marshal(&struct {
		Type   string `json:"type"`
		String string `json:"string"`
		Alias
	}{
		Type:   m.Type(),
		String: m.String(),
		Alias:  (Alias)(m),
	})
}