TinyGPS.cpp

/*
TinyGPS - a small GPS library for Arduino providing basic NMEA parsing
Based on work by and "distance_to" and "course_to" courtesy of Maarten Lamers.
Suggestion to add satellites(), course_to(), and cardinal(), by Matt Monson.
Precision improvements suggested by Wayne Holder.
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Mikal Hart
All rights reserved.

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
*/

#include "TinyGPS.h"

#define _GPRMC_TERM   "GPRMC"
#define _GPGGA_TERM   "GPGGA"
#define _GPGSA_TERM   "GPGSA"
#define _GNRMC_TERM   "GNRMC"
#define _GNGNS_TERM   "GNGNS"
#define _GNGSA_TERM   "GNGSA"
#define _GPGSV_TERM   "GPGSV"
#define _GLGSV_TERM   "GLGSV"

TinyGPS::TinyGPS()
  :  _time(GPS_INVALID_TIME)
  ,  _date(GPS_INVALID_DATE)
  ,  _latitude(GPS_INVALID_ANGLE)
  ,  _longitude(GPS_INVALID_ANGLE)
  ,  _altitude(GPS_INVALID_ALTITUDE)
  ,  _speed(GPS_INVALID_SPEED)
  ,  _course(GPS_INVALID_ANGLE)
  ,  _hdop(GPS_INVALID_HDOP)
  ,  _numsats(GPS_INVALID_SATELLITES)
  ,  _last_time_fix(GPS_INVALID_FIX_TIME)
  ,  _last_position_fix(GPS_INVALID_FIX_TIME)
  ,  _parity(0)
  ,  _is_checksum_term(false)
  ,  _sentence_type(_GPS_SENTENCE_OTHER)
  ,  _term_number(0)
  ,  _term_offset(0)
  ,  _gps_data_good(false)
#ifndef _GPS_NO_STATS
  ,  _encoded_characters(0)
  ,  _good_sentences(0)
  ,  _failed_checksum(0)
#endif
{
  _term[0] = '\0';
}

//
// public methods
//

bool TinyGPS::encode(char c)
{
  bool valid_sentence = false;

#ifndef _GPS_NO_STATS
  ++_encoded_characters;
#endif
  switch(c)
  {
  case ',': // term terminators
    _parity ^= c;
  case '\r':
  case '\n':
  case '*':
    if (_term_offset < sizeof(_term))
    {
      _term[_term_offset] = 0;
      valid_sentence = term_complete();
    }
    ++_term_number;
    _term_offset = 0;
    _is_checksum_term = c == '*';
    return valid_sentence;

  case '$': // sentence begin
    _term_number = _term_offset = 0;
    _parity = 0;
    _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_OTHER;
    _is_checksum_term = false;
    _gps_data_good = false;
    return valid_sentence;
  }

  // ordinary characters
  if (_term_offset < sizeof(_term) - 1)
    _term[_term_offset++] = c;
  if (!_is_checksum_term)
    _parity ^= c;

  return valid_sentence;
}

#ifndef _GPS_NO_STATS
void TinyGPS::stats(unsigned long *chars, unsigned short *sentences, unsigned short *failed_cs)
{
  if (chars) *chars = _encoded_characters;
  if (sentences) *sentences = _good_sentences;
  if (failed_cs) *failed_cs = _failed_checksum;
}
#endif

//
// internal utilities
//
int TinyGPS::from_hex(char a) 
{
  if (a >= 'A' && a <= 'F')
    return a - 'A' + 10;
  else if (a >= 'a' && a <= 'f')
    return a - 'a' + 10;
  else
    return a - '0';
}

unsigned long TinyGPS::parse_decimal()
{
  char *p = _term;
  bool isneg = *p == '-';
  if (isneg) ++p;
  unsigned long ret = 100UL * gpsatol(p);
  while (gpsisdigit(*p)) ++p;
  if (*p == '.')
  {
    if (gpsisdigit(p[1]))
    {
      ret += 10 * (p[1] - '0');
      if (gpsisdigit(p[2]))
        ret += p[2] - '0';
    }
  }
  return isneg ? -ret : ret;
}

// Parse a string in the form ddmm.mmmmmmm...
unsigned long TinyGPS::parse_degrees()
{
  char *p;
  unsigned long left_of_decimal = gpsatol(_term);
  unsigned long hundred1000ths_of_minute = (left_of_decimal % 100UL) * 100000UL;
  for (p=_term; gpsisdigit(*p); ++p);
  if (*p == '.')
  {
    unsigned long mult = 10000;
    while (gpsisdigit(*++p))
    {
      hundred1000ths_of_minute += mult * (*p - '0');
      mult /= 10;
    }
  }
  return (left_of_decimal / 100) * 1000000 + (hundred1000ths_of_minute + 3) / 6;
}

#define COMBINE(sentence_type, term_number) (((unsigned)(sentence_type) << 5) | term_number)

// Processes a just-completed term
// Returns true if new sentence has just passed checksum test and is validated
bool TinyGPS::term_complete()
{
  if (_is_checksum_term)
  {
    byte checksum = 16 * from_hex(_term[0]) + from_hex(_term[1]);
    if (checksum == _parity)
    {
      if(_sentence_type == _GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC)   //set the time and date even if not tracking
      {
          _time      = _new_time;
          _date      = _new_date;
      }
      if (_gps_data_good)
      {
#ifndef _GPS_NO_STATS
        ++_good_sentences;
#endif
        _last_time_fix = _new_time_fix;
        _last_position_fix = _new_position_fix;

        switch(_sentence_type)
        {
        case _GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC:
          _time      = _new_time;
          _date      = _new_date;
          _latitude  = _new_latitude;
          _longitude = _new_longitude;
          _speed     = _new_speed;
          _course    = _new_course;
          break;
        case _GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA:
          _altitude  = _new_altitude;
          _time      = _new_time;
          _latitude  = _new_latitude;
          _longitude = _new_longitude;
          _numsats   = _new_numsats;
          _hdop      = _new_hdop;
          break;
        }

        return true;
      }
    }

#ifndef _GPS_NO_STATS
    else
      ++_failed_checksum;
#endif
    return false;
  }

  // the first term determines the sentence type
  if (_term_number == 0)
  {
    if (!gpsstrcmp(_term, _GPRMC_TERM) || !gpsstrcmp(_term, _GNRMC_TERM))
      _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC;
    else if (!gpsstrcmp(_term, _GPGGA_TERM))
      _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA;
    else if (!gpsstrcmp(_term, _GNGNS_TERM))
      _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS;
    else if (!gpsstrcmp(_term, _GNGSA_TERM) || !gpsstrcmp(_term, _GPGSA_TERM))
      _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_GNGSA;
    else if (!gpsstrcmp(_term, _GPGSV_TERM))
      _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV;
    else if (!gpsstrcmp(_term, _GLGSV_TERM))
      _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV;
    else
      _sentence_type = _GPS_SENTENCE_OTHER;
    return false;
  }

  if (_sentence_type != _GPS_SENTENCE_OTHER && _term[0])
    switch(COMBINE(_sentence_type, _term_number))
  {
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 1): // Time in both sentences
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 1):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS, 1):
      _new_time = parse_decimal();
      _new_time_fix = millis();
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 2): // GPRMC validity
      _gps_data_good = _term[0] == 'A';
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 3): // Latitude
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 2):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS, 2):
      _new_latitude = parse_degrees();
      _new_position_fix = millis();
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 4): // N/S
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 3):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS, 3):
      if (_term[0] == 'S')
        _new_latitude = -_new_latitude;
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 5): // Longitude
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 4):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS, 4):
      _new_longitude = parse_degrees();
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 6): // E/W
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 5):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS, 5):
      if (_term[0] == 'W')
        _new_longitude = -_new_longitude;
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS, 6):
      strncpy(_constellations, _term, 5);
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 7): // Speed (GPRMC)
      _new_speed = parse_decimal();
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 8): // Course (GPRMC)
      _new_course = parse_decimal();
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPRMC, 9): // Date (GPRMC)
      _new_date = gpsatol(_term);
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 6): // Fix data (GPGGA)
      _gps_data_good = _term[0] > '0';
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 7): // Satellites used (GPGGA): GPS only
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGNS, 7): //  GNGNS counts-in all constellations
      _new_numsats = (unsigned char)atoi(_term);
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 8): // HDOP
      _new_hdop = parse_decimal();
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGGA, 9): // Altitude (GPGGA)
      _new_altitude = parse_decimal();
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GNGSA, 3): //satellites used in solution: 3 to 15
      //_sats_used[
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 2):   //beginning of sequence
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 2):   //beginning of sequence
    {
      uint8_t msgId = atoi(_term)-1;  //start from 0
      if(msgId == 0) {
        //http://geostar-navigation.com/file/geos3/geos_nmea_protocol_v3_0_eng.pdf
        if(_sentence_type == _GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV) {
          //reset GPS & WAAS trackedSatellites
          for(uint8_t x=0;x<12;x++)
          {
            tracked_sat_rec[x] = 0;
          }
        } else {
          //reset GLONASS trackedSatellites: range starts with 23
          for(uint8_t x=12;x<24;x++)
          {
            tracked_sat_rec[x] = 0;
          }
        }
      }
      _sat_index = msgId*4;   //4 sattelites/line
      if(_sentence_type == _GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV)
      {
        _sat_index = msgId*4 + 12;   //Glonass offset by 12
      }
      break;
  }
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 4):   //satellite #
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 8):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 12):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 16):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 4):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 8):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 12):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 16):
      _tracked_satellites_index = atoi(_term);
      break;
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 7):   //strength
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 11):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 15):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GPGSV, 19):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 7):   //strength
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 11):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 15):
    case COMBINE(_GPS_SENTENCE_GLGSV, 19):
      uint8_t stren = (uint8_t)atoi(_term);
      if(stren == 0)  //remove the record, 0dB strength
      {
        tracked_sat_rec[_sat_index + (_term_number-7)/4] = 0;
      }
      else
      {
        tracked_sat_rec[_sat_index + (_term_number-7)/4] = _tracked_satellites_index<<8 | stren<<1;
      }
      break;
  }

  return false;
}

long TinyGPS::gpsatol(const char *str)
{
  long ret = 0;
  while (gpsisdigit(*str))
    ret = 10 * ret + *str++ - '0';
  return ret;
}

int TinyGPS::gpsstrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2)
{
  while (*str1 && *str1 == *str2)
    ++str1, ++str2;
  return *str1;
}

/* static */
float TinyGPS::distance_between (float lat1, float long1, float lat2, float long2) 
{
  // returns distance in meters between two positions, both specified 
  // as signed decimal-degrees latitude and longitude. Uses great-circle 
  // distance computation for hypothetical sphere of radius 6372795 meters.
  // Because Earth is no exact sphere, rounding errors may be up to 0.5%.
  // Courtesy of Maarten Lamers
  float delta = radians(long1-long2);
  float sdlong = sin(delta);
  float cdlong = cos(delta);
  lat1 = radians(lat1);
  lat2 = radians(lat2);
  float slat1 = sin(lat1);
  float clat1 = cos(lat1);
  float slat2 = sin(lat2);
  float clat2 = cos(lat2);
  delta = (clat1 * slat2) - (slat1 * clat2 * cdlong); 
  delta = sq(delta); 
  delta += sq(clat2 * sdlong); 
  delta = sqrt(delta); 
  float denom = (slat1 * slat2) + (clat1 * clat2 * cdlong); 
  delta = atan2(delta, denom); 
  return delta * 6372795; 
}

float TinyGPS::course_to (float lat1, float long1, float lat2, float long2) 
{
  // returns course in degrees (North=0, West=270) from position 1 to position 2,
  // both specified as signed decimal-degrees latitude and longitude.
  // Because Earth is no exact sphere, calculated course may be off by a tiny fraction.
  // Courtesy of Maarten Lamers
  float dlon = radians(long2-long1);
  lat1 = radians(lat1);
  lat2 = radians(lat2);
  float a1 = sin(dlon) * cos(lat2);
  float a2 = sin(lat1) * cos(lat2) * cos(dlon);
  a2 = cos(lat1) * sin(lat2) - a2;
  a2 = atan2(a1, a2);
  if (a2 < 0.0)
  {
    a2 += TWO_PI;
  }
  return degrees(a2);
}

const char *TinyGPS::cardinal (float course)
{
  static const char* directions[] = {"N", "NNE", "NE", "ENE", "E", "ESE", "SE", "SSE", "S", "SSW", "SW", "WSW", "W", "WNW", "NW", "NNW"};

  int direction = (int)((course + 11.25f) / 22.5f);
  return directions[direction % 16];
}

// lat/long in MILLIONTHs of a degree and age of fix in milliseconds
// (note: versions 12 and earlier gave this value in 100,000ths of a degree.
void TinyGPS::get_position(long *latitude, long *longitude, unsigned long *fix_age)
{
  if (latitude) *latitude = _latitude;
  if (longitude) *longitude = _longitude;
  if (fix_age) *fix_age = _last_position_fix == GPS_INVALID_FIX_TIME ? 
   GPS_INVALID_AGE : millis() - _last_position_fix;
}

// date as ddmmyy, time as hhmmsscc, and age in milliseconds
void TinyGPS::get_datetime(unsigned long *date, unsigned long *time, unsigned long *age)
{
  if (date) *date = _date;
  if (time) *time = _time;
  if (age) *age = _last_time_fix == GPS_INVALID_FIX_TIME ? 
   GPS_INVALID_AGE : millis() - _last_time_fix;
}

void TinyGPS::f_get_position(float *latitude, float *longitude, unsigned long *fix_age)
{
  long lat, lon;
  get_position(&lat, &lon, fix_age);
  *latitude = lat == GPS_INVALID_ANGLE ? GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE : (lat / 1000000.0);
  *longitude = lat == GPS_INVALID_ANGLE ? GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE : (lon / 1000000.0);
}

void TinyGPS::crack_datetime(int *year, byte *month, byte *day, 
  byte *hour, byte *minute, byte *second, byte *hundredths, unsigned long *age)
{
  unsigned long date, time;
  get_datetime(&date, &time, age);
  if (year) 
  {
    *year = date % 100;
    *year += *year > 80 ? 1900 : 2000;
  }
  if (month) *month = (date / 100) % 100;
  if (day) *day = date / 10000;
  if (hour) *hour = time / 1000000;
  if (minute) *minute = (time / 10000) % 100;
  if (second) *second = (time / 100) % 100;
  if (hundredths) *hundredths = time % 100;
}

float TinyGPS::f_altitude()    
{
  return _altitude == GPS_INVALID_ALTITUDE ? GPS_INVALID_F_ALTITUDE : _altitude / 100.0;
}

float TinyGPS::f_course()
{
  return _course == GPS_INVALID_ANGLE ? GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE : _course / 100.0;
}

float TinyGPS::f_speed_knots() 
{
  return _speed == GPS_INVALID_SPEED ? GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED : _speed / 100.0;
}

float TinyGPS::f_speed_mph()   
{ 
  float sk = f_speed_knots();
  return sk == GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED ? GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED : _GPS_MPH_PER_KNOT * sk; 
}

float TinyGPS::f_speed_mps()   
{ 
  float sk = f_speed_knots();
  return sk == GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED ? GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED : _GPS_MPS_PER_KNOT * sk; 
}

float TinyGPS::f_speed_kmph()  
{ 
  float sk = f_speed_knots();
  return sk == GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED ? GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED : _GPS_KMPH_PER_KNOT * sk; 
}

const float TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE = 1000.0;
const float TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ALTITUDE = 1000000.0;
const float TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_SPEED = -1.0;