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forge-hol.html
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forge-hol.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="author" content="Antonio Goncalves, Koen Aers, Ivan St. Ivanov, Daniel Cunha">
<title>JBoss Forge Hands on Lab</title>
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<body class="book">
<div id="header">
<h1>JBoss Forge Hands on Lab</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Antonio Goncalves, Koen Aers, Ivan St. Ivanov, Daniel Cunha</span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 0.1,</span>
<span id="revdate">Oct 28, 2014</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_jboss_forge">JBoss Forge</a></li>
<li><a href="#_what_s_this_lab_about">What’s this lab about?</a></li>
<li><a href="#_how_does_this_lab_work">How does this lab work?</a></li>
<li><a href="#_what_do_you_have_to_do">What do you have to do?</a></li>
<li><a href="#_software_requirements">Software requirements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_installing_forge">Installing Forge</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_installing_forge_cli">Installing Forge CLI</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_windows">Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#_mac_os_x_or_linux">Mac OS X or Linux</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_installing_jbds_8_0_with_eap">Installing JBDS 8.0 with EAP</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_using_forge">Using Forge</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_creating_a_new_project">Creating a new project</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_cli">CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="#_jbds">JBDS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_setting_up_persistence_and_validation">Setting up persistence and validation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_cli_2">CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="#_jboss_developer_studio_jbds">JBoss Developer Studio (JBDS)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_scaffolding_jsf">Scaffolding JSF</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_cli_3">CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="#_jbds_2">JBDS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_scaffolding_restendpoints">Scaffolding RESTEndpoints</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_cli_4">CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="#_jbds_3">JBDS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_deploying_on_wildfly">Deploying on WildFly</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_installing_the_jboss_as_forge_addon">Installing the JBoss AS Forge addon</a></li>
<li><a href="#_installing_the_jboss_as_forge_addon_on_jbds">Installing the JBoss AS Forge addon on JBDS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_creating_arquillian_tests">Creating Arquillian tests</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_installing_the_arquillian_forge_addon">Installing the Arquillian Forge addon</a></li>
<li><a href="#_cli_5">CLI</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_keep_on_playing">Keep on playing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_developing_forge">Developing Forge</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_developing_a_java_ee_7_web_application_in_few_seconds">Developing a Java EE 7 web application in few seconds</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_the_famous_java_petstore_is_back">The famous Java Petstore is back</a></li>
<li><a href="#_executing_the_script">Executing the script</a></li>
<li><a href="#_running_the_application">Running the application</a></li>
<li><a href="#_looking_at_the_generated_code">Looking at the generated code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_developing_hibernate_envers_addon">Developing Hibernate Envers addon</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_creating_a_new_forge_addon">Creating a new Forge addon</a></li>
<li><a href="#_developing_the_envers_setup_command">Developing the "Envers: Setup" command</a></li>
<li><a href="#_adding_some_ui_with_the_envers_audit_entity_command">Adding some UI with the "Envers: Audit entity" command</a></li>
<li><a href="#_installing_and_trying_the_envers_addon">Installing and trying the Envers addon</a></li>
<li><a href="#_forge_configuration_and_forge_command_execution_listeners">Forge configuration and Forge command execution listeners</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_the_end">The end</a></li>
<li><a href="#_appendix">Appendix</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_references">References</a></li>
<li><a href="#_revision_history">Revision History</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_version_0_1">Version 0.1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_cli_commands_quick_reference">CLI Commands Quick Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_jboss_forge">JBoss Forge</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It’s not so easy to explain what Forge is in a few paragraphs, so we will quote the
introduction from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Continuous-Enterprise-Development-Andrew-Rubinger/dp/1449328296">Continuous Enterprise Development</a> (a book):</p>
</div>
<div class="quoteblock">
<blockquote>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you’ve spent any time developing Java EE–based projects (or any nontrivial application,
for that matter!), you’ve likely invested a good amount of energy in creating the
project layout, defining dependencies, and informing the build system of the relevant
class paths to be used in compilation and execution. Although Maven enables us to
reduce that load as compared with undertaking project setup manually, there’s typically
quite a bit of boilerplate involved in the <code>pom.xml</code> defining your requirements.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>JBoss Forge offers “incremental project enhancement for Java EE.” Implemented as a command shell and integration with some IDE, Forge gives us the ability to alter project files and folders. Some concrete tasks we might use Forge to handle are:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Adding Java Persistence API (JPA) entities and describing their model</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Configuring Maven dependencies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Setting up project scaffolding</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Generating a view layer, reverse-engineered from a domain model</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Deploying to an application server</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Because Forge is built atop a modular, plug-in-based architecture, it’s extensible to additional
tasks that may be specific to your application.
Overall, the goal of Forge is to ease project setup at all stages of development, so we’ll
be employing it in this guide to speed along the construction of our examples.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="attribution">
— Continuous Enterprise Development
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_s_this_lab_about">What’s this lab about?</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This hands-on-lab (HoL) should give you a good practical introduction to <a href="http://forge.jboss.org">JBoss Forge</a>. You will first install JBoss Forge, use it and then develop and entire Java EE application and create addons to extend the capabilities of Forge. Forge can either be used within an IDE, or directly in the system terminal via a command line interface (CLI).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The idea is that you leave this hands on lab (HoL) with a good understanding of what JBoss Forge is, what it is not, and how it can help you in your projects. Then, you’ll be prepared to investigate a bit more and, hopefully, <a href="http://forge.jboss.org/community">contribute</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
Get this tutorial from <a href="https://github.com/forge/docs/tree/master/tutorials/forge-hol" class="bare">https://github.com/forge/docs/tree/master/tutorials/forge-hol</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_how_does_this_lab_work">How does this lab work?</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You have this material in your hands (either <a href="https://github.com/forge/docs/blob/master/tutorials/forge-hol/docs/forge-hol.pdf">electronically</a> or printed) and you can now follow it step by step or choose any section "à la carte". The structure of this hands on lab is as follow :</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><em>Installing Forge</em> : in this section you will install JBoss Forge, either on a standalone mode, or with JBDS (JBoss Developer Studio)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Using Forge</em> : in this section you will play with Forge, create a project, add entities, scaffold a JSF web application, REST endpoints, generate some Arquillian tests and deploy them on WildFly</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Developing Forge</em> : in this section you will quickly create a full web application, build forge addons, and use these addons in the application</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you have Forge already installed, skip to the <em>Using Forge</em> section and start using it. If you already know JBoss Forge a bit, jump to the section on <em>Developing Forge</em> and start hacking some addons. This "à la carte" mode allows you to make the most of this 3 hours long hands on lab.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_do_you_have_to_do">What do you have to do?</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This lab should be as self explanatory as possible. So your job is to follow the instructions by yourself, do what you are supposed to do, and do not hesitate to ask for any clarification or assistance, that’s why the team is here. Make sure you have the required software installed (see below) and be ready to have some fun!</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_software_requirements">Software requirements</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following software needs to be downloaded and installed:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">JDK 7</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi">Maven 3.2.x</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://forge.jboss.org/download">JBoss Forge 2.12.2</a> or higher</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://wildfly.org/downloads/">WildFly 8.1</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_installing_forge">Installing Forge</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div id="installing-forge" class="paragraph">
<p>Installing Forge is a relatively short process, and this section will take you through the fundamentals (providing links to external materials if required); however, if you encounter any issues with this process, please ask in the team.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you are a command line addict or are more confortable with a Eclipse, you can choose to install JBoss Forge CLI or JBDS.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_installing_forge_cli">Installing Forge CLI</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Follow these steps to install a Forge distribution:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Ensure that you have already installed a <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">Java 7+ JDK</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://red.ht/1vEB0v0">Download</a> and Un-zip Forge into a folder on your hard-disk, this folder will be your <code>FORGE_HOME</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Add <code>$FORGE_HOME/bin</code> to your path (windows, linux, mac osx)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Run JBoss Forge by typing the <code>forge</code> command in your system terminal.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_windows">Windows</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Extract the distribution archive, to the directory you wish to install Forge.<br>
Add the <code>FORGE_HOME</code> environment variable.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/windows/forge-cli-install1.png" alt="forge cli install1">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 1. Installing Forge CLI Step 1</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the same dialog, add <code>%FORGE_HOME%\bin</code> to the system path.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/windows/forge-cli-install2.png" alt="forge cli install2">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 2. Installing Forge CLI Step 2</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Now open a system <code>cmd</code> or <code>command</code> prompt and run JBoss Forge by typing the <code>forge</code> command.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Tip</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
If you have installed Forge 1.x before, make sure to remove all the files from the <code>~/.forge</code> directory
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_mac_os_x_or_linux">Mac OS X or Linux</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The easiest way to install Forge is to extract the distribution archive, to the directory you wish to install Forge. In a command terminal, add the <code>FORGE_HOME</code> environment variable, e.g:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">export FORGE_HOME=/usr/local/jboss/forge-distribution-2.12.1.Final</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add FORGE_HOME/bin environment variable to your path, e.g:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">export PATH=$FORGE_HOME/bin:$PATH</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can also install Forge via cURL</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">curl http://forge.jboss.org/sh | sh</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>or use Homebrew to install Forge natively, via:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">brew install jboss-forge</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Run JBoss Forge by typing the <code>forge</code> command in your system terminal.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_installing_jbds_8_0_with_eap">Installing JBDS 8.0 with EAP</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Installing JBDS is a piece of cake. Just download the installer from the
<a href="http://www.jboss.org/download-manager/file/jboss-devstudio-8.0.0.GA-jar_universal.jar">JBoss website</a>
and in the target folder you enter:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">java -jar jboss-devstudio-<version>-installer-eap.jar</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This will launch the installation process for your platform (Windows, Linux and OSX
are supported). The wizard will take you through a number of consecutive steps that are
illustrated using screenshots below.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-1.png" alt="jbds install 1">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 3. JBDS Installation Step 1</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-2.png" alt="jbds install 2">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 4. JBDS Installation Step 2</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-3.png" alt="jbds install 3">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 5. JBDS Installation Step 3</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-4.png" alt="jbds install 4">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 6. JBDS Installation Step 4</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-5.png" alt="jbds install 5">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 7. JBDS Installation Step 5</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-6.png" alt="jbds install 6">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 8. JBDS Installation Step 6</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-7.png" alt="jbds install 7">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 9. JBDS Installation Step 7</div>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-install-9.png" alt="jbds install 9">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 10. JBDS Installation Step 9</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Congratulations! Now you are all set! Pressing <code>Done</code> will automatically launch JBDS.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/workspace.png" alt="workspace">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 11. Choose Workspace</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Choose an appropriate workspace and press <code>OK</code> to see JBDS in all its glory.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/installing/jbds-welcome.png" alt="jbds welcome">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 12. JBDS Welcome</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_using_forge">Using Forge</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Forge can be used as a code generation engine, and can be accessed through multiple user interfaces (UIs) such as:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Command Line Interface (CLI)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>JBoss Developer Studio (JBDS)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>IntelliJ IDEA (not shown in this lab)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>NetBeans (not shown in this lab)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In this section you will be getting used to Forge by performing small tasks, either with CLI, JBDS, or both. It is worth noting that JBoss Forge doesn’t introduce any special or proprietary dependencies in your code, it just generates a functional starting point and lets you continue as needed. This means you can switch from CLI, to JBDS, to your own IDE (unrelated to Forge) without getting in Forge’s way, and without Forge getting in the way of your IDE.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
In this section and the following sections, We will assume that you have already installed JBoss Forge.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Let’s get started!</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_creating_a_new_project">Creating a new project</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Setting up a new project can involve quite a few activities. Typically, projects require a build and dependency management framework such as Maven, or Gradle. Even if you feel comfortable reading the respective configuration files, i.e. <code>pom.xml</code> or <code>build.gradle</code>, it can takes some time to create them from scratch. What you usually do is consulting manuals or textbooks, look in internet or most often - copy and paste them from one of your recent projects. Some of you may decide to use archetypes or IDE wizards, but you will soon realize that these generate too much garbage in your project configurate - garbage that you will usually delete.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_cli">CLI</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>project-new</code> command is what we will use to quick start a project :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ project-new --named cdbookstore</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This will create an empty Maven project structure and a <code>pom.xml</code> file. The default <code>groupId</code> is <code>org.cdbookstore</code>, <code>artifactId</code> is <code>cdbookstore</code> and version number <code>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</code>. Also, the default project created is a web application, that’s why you can see a <code>packaging</code> of type <code>war</code> and <code>maven-war-plugin</code> defined. If you want to change any of these options, just press <code>TAB</code> after a command and you will get all the command options:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ project-new --named cdbookstore --topLevelPackage com.example.project --targetLocation /directory/path --finalName cdbookwebapp --version 1.0.0.Final</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_jbds">JBDS</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you run Forge from JBDS, open the Forge wizard (Ctrl + 4 or CMD + 4 on Mac) then select Project: New and specify <em>cdbookstore</em> as project name,
<em>com.example</em> as top level package, enter project location per your preference:</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="images/using/new-project.png" alt="new project">
</div>
<div class="title">Figure 13. Creating new project</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_setting_up_persistence_and_validation">Setting up persistence and validation</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Most of the Java EE applications need a relational database, map entities to it and do some sort of validation. Again, with JBoss Forge it is very easy to setup the persistence configuration, create an entity (or an embeddable), add fields to it and Bean Validation constraints.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_cli_2">CLI</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To set up JPA and create a new JPA entity, let’s use the <code>jpa-new-entity</code> command :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[cdbookstore]$ jpa-new-entity --named Book</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This command has several effects. First of all, it has created a <code>persistence.xml</code> file in the right place (under the <code>META-INF</code> directory) with all the default configuration for Hibernate. Then, it has created a <code>Book</code> entity under the subpackage <code>model</code>. Notice that this entity already has an <code>id</code> and <code>version</code> with its getters/setters. As you can see, the good thing with Forge is that with only one command all is setup and ready to go.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you do not wish to use the Java EE container default data-source, you can also specify additional connection options such as JNDI data-source names, JDBC connection information, and data-source types. Note, however, that this means you will probably need configure your application server to provide this new data-source and/or database connection.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[cdbookstore]$ jpa-setup --provider Eclipse Link --dbType POSTGRES --dataSourceName java:comp/DefaultDataSource</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you have executed the <code>jpa-setup</code> command, you’ve noticed that the prompt has changed: you went from <code>[cdbookstore]</code> to <code>[persistence.xml]</code>. In Forge, the prompt always tells you where you are. You can even enter the command <code>pwd</code> or <code>ls</code>. For now, let’s go back into the <code>Book</code> entity: enter <code>cd~~</code> brings you to the root directory, and then <code>cd src/main/java/org/cdbookstore/model/Book.java</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>So, let’s create a few fields in the <code>Book</code> entity. Again, one single command end Forge will do its best to simplify our lives :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[Book.java]$ jpa-new-field --named title</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This creates an attribute called <code>title</code> of type <code>String</code> with get/set methods. Notice that Forge has also updated the <code>toString</code> method. Let’s add more commands with different options (remember to press <code>TAB</code> to get the options) :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[Book.java]$ jpa-new-field --named description --length 2000
[Book.java]$ jpa-new-field --named price --type java.lang.Float
[Book.java]$ jpa-new-field --named nbOfPages --type java.lang.Integer
[Book.java]$ jpa-new-field --named publicationDate --type java.util.Date --temporalType DATE</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>As you can see, Forge has a set of options to quickly create attributes and customize their JPA mappings. Now let’s say we want to specify that a book is written in a certain language. We can use Forge to quickly create a Java enum and then have it as a JPA Enumerated in the <code>Book</code> entity :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[Book.java]$ java-new-enum --named Language --targetPackage org.cdbookstore.model
[Language.java]$ java-new-enum-const ENGLISH
[Language.java]$ java-new-enum-const FRENCH</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This creates a Java enum, but notice the path on the left side : Forge CLI was set on the <code>Book</code> class (that’s why you could read <code>[Book.java]$</code>). When we created the enum, the path changed to <code>[Language.java]$</code>. Like any other shell script, Forge has a certain number of commands to navigate between directories, classes or files (you will find the full list of commands in the Appendix). So, to go back to the <code>Book</code> entity we just use the <code>cd</code> command :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[Language.java]$ cd ..
[model]$ cd Book.java
[Book.java]$</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Now that we are in the <code>Book</code> entity, we can create a new enum field with the following command :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[Book.java]$ jpa-new-field --named language --type org.cdbookstore.model.Language</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By default, a JPA field is of type <code>String</code>. With the <code>--type</code> option we can choose from basic datatypes (<code>int</code>, <code>byte</code>, <code>char</code>…), enum, or from other entities and entity cardinality (One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-One, Many-to-Many). So let’s create a new <code>Author</code> entity, and add a Many-to-One relationship with <code>Book</code> :</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">[Book.java]$ jpa-new-entity --named Author