forked from rack/rack
/
README
407 lines (324 loc) · 13.9 KB
/
README
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
= Rack, a modular Ruby webserver interface
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing
web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in
the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web
servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called
middleware) into a single method call.
The exact details of this are described in the Rack specification,
which all Rack applications should conform to.
== Specification changes in this release
With Rack 1.1, the Rack specification (found in SPEC) changed in the
following backward-incompatible ways.
* Rack::VERSION has been pushed to [1,1].
* rack.logger is now specified.
* The SPEC now allows subclasses of the required types.
* rack.input has to be opened in binary mode.
== Supported web servers
The included *handlers* connect all kinds of web servers to Rack:
* Mongrel
* EventedMongrel
* SwiftipliedMongrel
* WEBrick
* FCGI
* CGI
* SCGI
* LiteSpeed
* Thin
These web servers include Rack handlers in their distributions:
* Ebb
* Fuzed
* Glassfish v3
* Phusion Passenger (which is mod_rack for Apache and for nginx)
* Rainbows!
* Unicorn
* Zbatery
Any valid Rack app will run the same on all these handlers, without
changing anything.
== Supported web frameworks
The included *adapters* connect Rack with existing Ruby web frameworks:
* Camping
These frameworks include Rack adapters in their distributions:
* Camping
* Coset
* Halcyon
* Mack
* Maveric
* Merb
* Racktools::SimpleApplication
* Ramaze
* Ruby on Rails
* Rum
* Sinatra
* Sin
* Vintage
* Waves
* Wee
* ... and many others.
Current links to these projects can be found at
http://wiki.ramaze.net/Home#other-frameworks
== Available middleware
Between the server and the framework, Rack can be customized to your
applications needs using middleware, for example:
* Rack::URLMap, to route to multiple applications inside the same process.
* Rack::CommonLogger, for creating Apache-style logfiles.
* Rack::ShowException, for catching unhandled exceptions and
presenting them in a nice and helpful way with clickable backtrace.
* Rack::File, for serving static files.
* ...many others!
All these components use the same interface, which is described in
detail in the Rack specification. These optional components can be
used in any way you wish.
== Convenience
If you want to develop outside of existing frameworks, implement your
own ones, or develop middleware, Rack provides many helpers to create
Rack applications quickly and without doing the same web stuff all
over:
* Rack::Request, which also provides query string parsing and
multipart handling.
* Rack::Response, for convenient generation of HTTP replies and
cookie handling.
* Rack::MockRequest and Rack::MockResponse for efficient and quick
testing of Rack application without real HTTP round-trips.
== rack-contrib
The plethora of useful middleware created the need for a project that
collects fresh Rack middleware. rack-contrib includes a variety of
add-on components for Rack and it is easy to contribute new modules.
* http://github.com/rack/rack-contrib
== rackup
rackup is a useful tool for running Rack applications, which uses the
Rack::Builder DSL to configure middleware and build up applications
easily.
rackup automatically figures out the environment it is run in, and
runs your application as FastCGI, CGI, or standalone with Mongrel or
WEBrick---all from the same configuration.
== Quick start
Try the lobster!
Either with the embedded WEBrick starter:
ruby -Ilib lib/rack/lobster.rb
Or with rackup:
bin/rackup -Ilib example/lobster.ru
By default, the lobster is found at http://localhost:9292.
== Installing with RubyGems
A Gem of Rack is available at gemcutter.org. You can install it with:
gem install rack
I also provide a local mirror of the gems (and development snapshots)
at my site:
gem install rack --source http://chneukirchen.org/releases/gems/
== Running the tests
Testing Rack requires the test/spec testing framework:
gem install test-spec
There are two rake-based test tasks:
rake test tests all the fast tests (no Handlers or Adapters)
rake fulltest runs all the tests
The fast testsuite has no dependencies outside of the core Ruby
installation and test-spec.
To run the test suite completely, you need:
* camping
* fcgi
* memcache-client
* mongrel
* thin
The full set of tests test FCGI access with lighttpd (on port
9203) so you will need lighttpd installed as well as the FCGI
libraries and the fcgi gem:
Download and install lighttpd:
http://www.lighttpd.net/download
Installing the FCGI libraries:
curl -O http://www.fastcgi.com/dist/fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
tar xzvf fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
cd fcgi-2.4.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install
cd ..
Installing the Ruby fcgi gem:
gem install fcgi
Furthermore, to test Memcache sessions, you need memcached (will be
run on port 11211) and memcache-client installed.
== History
* March 3rd, 2007: First public release 0.1.
* May 16th, 2007: Second public release 0.2.
* HTTP Basic authentication.
* Cookie Sessions.
* Static file handler.
* Improved Rack::Request.
* Improved Rack::Response.
* Added Rack::ShowStatus, for better default error messages.
* Bug fixes in the Camping adapter.
* Removed Rails adapter, was too alpha.
* February 26th, 2008: Third public release 0.3.
* LiteSpeed handler, by Adrian Madrid.
* SCGI handler, by Jeremy Evans.
* Pool sessions, by blink.
* OpenID authentication, by blink.
* :Port and :File options for opening FastCGI sockets, by blink.
* Last-Modified HTTP header for Rack::File, by blink.
* Rack::Builder#use now accepts blocks, by Corey Jewett.
(See example/protectedlobster.ru)
* HTTP status 201 can contain a Content-Type and a body now.
* Many bugfixes, especially related to Cookie handling.
* August 21st, 2008: Fourth public release 0.4.
* New middleware, Rack::Deflater, by Christoffer Sawicki.
* OpenID authentication now needs ruby-openid 2.
* New Memcache sessions, by blink.
* Explicit EventedMongrel handler, by Joshua Peek <josh@joshpeek.com>
* Rack::Reloader is not loaded in rackup development mode.
* rackup can daemonize with -D.
* Many bugfixes, especially for pool sessions, URLMap, thread safety
and tempfile handling.
* Improved tests.
* Rack moved to Git.
* January 6th, 2009: Fifth public release 0.9.
* Rack is now managed by the Rack Core Team.
* Rack::Lint is stricter and follows the HTTP RFCs more closely.
* Added ConditionalGet middleware.
* Added ContentLength middleware.
* Added Deflater middleware.
* Added Head middleware.
* Added MethodOverride middleware.
* Rack::Mime now provides popular MIME-types and their extension.
* Mongrel Header now streams.
* Added Thin handler.
* Official support for swiftiplied Mongrel.
* Secure cookies.
* Made HeaderHash case-preserving.
* Many bugfixes and small improvements.
* January 9th, 2009: Sixth public release 0.9.1.
* Fix directory traversal exploits in Rack::File and Rack::Directory.
* April 25th, 2009: Seventh public release 1.0.0.
* SPEC change: Rack::VERSION has been pushed to [1,0].
* SPEC change: header values must be Strings now, split on "\n".
* SPEC change: Content-Length can be missing, in this case chunked transfer
encoding is used.
* SPEC change: rack.input must be rewindable and support reading into
a buffer, wrap with Rack::RewindableInput if it isn't.
* SPEC change: rack.session is now specified.
* SPEC change: Bodies can now additionally respond to #to_path with
a filename to be served.
* NOTE: String bodies break in 1.9, use an Array consisting of a
single String instead.
* New middleware Rack::Lock.
* New middleware Rack::ContentType.
* Rack::Reloader has been rewritten.
* Major update to Rack::Auth::OpenID.
* Support for nested parameter parsing in Rack::Response.
* Support for redirects in Rack::Response.
* HttpOnly cookie support in Rack::Response.
* The Rakefile has been rewritten.
* Many bugfixes and small improvements.
* October 18th, 2009: Eighth public release 1.0.1.
* Bump remainder of rack.versions.
* Support the pure Ruby FCGI implementation.
* Fix for form names containing "=": split first then unescape components
* Fixes the handling of the filename parameter with semicolons in names.
* Add anchor to nested params parsing regexp to prevent stack overflows
* Use more compatible gzip write api instead of "<<".
* Make sure that Reloader doesn't break when executed via ruby -e
* Make sure WEBrick respects the :Host option
* Many Ruby 1.9 fixes.
* January 3rd, 2009: Ninth public release 1.1.0.
* Moved Auth::OpenID to rack-contrib.
* SPEC change that relaxes Lint slightly to allow subclasses of the
required types
* SPEC change to document rack.input binary mode in greator detail
* SPEC define optional rack.logger specification
* File servers support X-Cascade header
* Imported Config middleware
* Imported ETag middleware
* Imported Runtime middleware
* Imported Sendfile middleware
* New Logger and NullLogger middlewares
* Added mime type for .ogv and .manifest.
* Don't squeeze PATH_INFO slashes
* Use Content-Type to determine POST params parsing
* Update Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES hash
* Add status code lookup utility
* Response should call #to_i on the status
* Add Request#user_agent
* Request#host knows about forwared host
* Return an empty string for Request#host if HTTP_HOST and
SERVER_NAME are both missing
* Allow MockRequest to accept hash params
* Optimizations to HeaderHash
* Refactored rackup into Rack::Server
* Added Utils.build_nested_query to complement Utils.parse_nested_query
* Added Utils::Multipart.build_multipart to complement
Utils::Multipart.parse_multipart
* Extracted set and delete cookie helpers into Utils so they can be
used outside Response
* Extract parse_query and parse_multipart in Request so subclasses
can change their behavior
* Enforce binary encoding in RewindableInput
* Set correct external_encoding for handlers that don't use RewindableInput
* March 13th, 2011: Twelfth public release 1.2.2/1.1.2.
* Security fix in Rack::Auth::Digest::MD5: when authenticator
returned nil, permission was granted on empty password.
* December 28th, 2011: Twenty first public release: 1.1.3.
* Security fix. http://www.ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html
Further information here: http://jruby.org/2011/12/27/jruby-1-6-5-1
== Contact
Please post bugs, suggestions and patches to
the bug tracker at <http://rack.lighthouseapp.com/>.
Mailing list archives are available at
<http://groups.google.com/group/rack-devel>.
Git repository (send Git patches to the mailing list):
* http://github.com/rack/rack
* http://git.vuxu.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=rack.git
You are also welcome to join the #rack channel on irc.freenode.net.
== Thanks
The Rack Core Team, consisting of
* Christian Neukirchen (chneukirchen)
* James Tucker (raggi)
* Josh Peek (josh)
* Michael Fellinger (manveru)
* Ryan Tomayko (rtomayko)
* Scytrin dai Kinthra (scytrin)
would like to thank:
* Adrian Madrid, for the LiteSpeed handler.
* Christoffer Sawicki, for the first Rails adapter and Rack::Deflater.
* Tim Fletcher, for the HTTP authentication code.
* Luc Heinrich for the Cookie sessions, the static file handler and bugfixes.
* Armin Ronacher, for the logo and racktools.
* Aredridel, Ben Alpert, Dan Kubb, Daniel Roethlisberger, Matt Todd,
Tom Robinson, Phil Hagelberg, S. Brent Faulkner, Bosko Milekic,
Daniel Rodríguez Troitiño, Genki Takiuchi, Geoffrey Grosenbach,
Julien Sanchez, Kamal Fariz Mahyuddin, Masayoshi Takahashi, Patrick
Aljordm, Mig, and Kazuhiro Nishiyama for bug fixing and other
improvements.
* Eric Wong, Hongli Lai, Jeremy Kemper for their continuous support
and API improvements.
* Yehuda Katz and Carl Lerche for refactoring rackup.
* Brian Candler, for Rack::ContentType.
* Graham Batty, for improved handler loading.
* Stephen Bannasch, for bug reports and documentation.
* Gary Wright, for proposing a better Rack::Response interface.
* Jonathan Buch, for improvements regarding Rack::Response.
* Armin Röhrl, for tracking down bugs in the Cookie generator.
* Alexander Kellett for testing the Gem and reviewing the announcement.
* Marcus Rückert, for help with configuring and debugging lighttpd.
* The WSGI team for the well-done and documented work they've done and
Rack builds up on.
* All bug reporters and patch contributers not mentioned above.
== Copyright
Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Christian Neukirchen <http://purl.org/net/chneukirchen>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
== Links
Rack:: <http://rack.rubyforge.org/>
Rack's Rubyforge project:: <http://rubyforge.org/projects/rack>
Official Rack repositories:: <http://github.com/rack>
Rack Lighthouse Bug Tracking:: <http://rack.lighthouseapp.com/>
rack-devel mailing list:: <http://groups.google.com/group/rack-devel>
Christian Neukirchen:: <http://chneukirchen.org/>