mirrored from https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc.git
/
TcSimplify.hs
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TcSimplify.hs
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{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
module TcSimplify(
simplifyInfer, InferMode(..),
growThetaTyVars,
simplifyAmbiguityCheck,
simplifyDefault,
simplifyTop, simplifyTopImplic, captureTopConstraints,
simplifyInteractive,
solveEqualities, solveLocalEqualities,
simplifyWantedsTcM,
tcCheckSatisfiability,
simpl_top,
promoteTyVar,
promoteTyVarSet,
-- For Rules we need these
solveWanteds, solveWantedsAndDrop,
approximateWC, runTcSDeriveds
) where
#include "HsVersions.h"
import GhcPrelude
import Bag
import Class ( Class, classKey, classTyCon )
import DynFlags ( WarningFlag ( Opt_WarnMonomorphism )
, WarnReason ( Reason )
, DynFlags( solverIterations ) )
import Id ( idType )
import Inst
import ListSetOps
import Name
import Outputable
import PrelInfo
import PrelNames
import TcErrors
import TcEvidence
import TcInteract
import TcCanonical ( makeSuperClasses, solveCallStack )
import TcMType as TcM
import TcRnMonad as TcM
import TcSMonad as TcS
import TcType
import TrieMap () -- DV: for now
import Type
import TysWiredIn ( liftedRepTy )
import Unify ( tcMatchTyKi )
import Util
import Var
import VarSet
import UniqSet
import BasicTypes ( IntWithInf, intGtLimit )
import ErrUtils ( emptyMessages )
import qualified GHC.LanguageExtensions as LangExt
import Control.Monad
import Data.Foldable ( toList )
import Data.List ( partition )
import Data.List.NonEmpty ( NonEmpty(..) )
import Maybes ( isJust )
{-
*********************************************************************************
* *
* External interface *
* *
*********************************************************************************
-}
captureTopConstraints :: TcM a -> TcM (a, WantedConstraints)
-- (captureTopConstraints m) runs m, and returns the type constraints it
-- generates plus the constraints produced by static forms inside.
-- If it fails with an exception, it reports any insolubles
-- (out of scope variables) before doing so
captureTopConstraints thing_inside
= do { static_wc_var <- TcM.newTcRef emptyWC ;
; (mb_res, lie) <- TcM.updGblEnv (\env -> env { tcg_static_wc = static_wc_var } ) $
TcM.tryCaptureConstraints thing_inside
; stWC <- TcM.readTcRef static_wc_var
-- See TcRnMonad Note [Constraints and errors]
-- If the thing_inside threw an exception, but generated some insoluble
-- constraints, report the latter before propagating the exception
-- Otherwise they will be lost altogether
; case mb_res of
Right res -> return (res, lie `andWC` stWC)
Left {} -> do { _ <- reportUnsolved lie; failM } }
-- This call to reportUnsolved is the reason
-- this function is here instead of TcRnMonad
simplifyTopImplic :: Bag Implication -> TcM ()
simplifyTopImplic implics
= do { empty_binds <- simplifyTop (mkImplicWC implics)
-- Since all the inputs are implications the returned bindings will be empty
; MASSERT2( isEmptyBag empty_binds, ppr empty_binds )
; return () }
simplifyTop :: WantedConstraints -> TcM (Bag EvBind)
-- Simplify top-level constraints
-- Usually these will be implications,
-- but when there is nothing to quantify we don't wrap
-- in a degenerate implication, so we do that here instead
simplifyTop wanteds
= do { traceTc "simplifyTop {" $ text "wanted = " <+> ppr wanteds
; ((final_wc, unsafe_ol), binds1) <- runTcS $
do { final_wc <- simpl_top wanteds
; unsafe_ol <- getSafeOverlapFailures
; return (final_wc, unsafe_ol) }
; traceTc "End simplifyTop }" empty
; traceTc "reportUnsolved {" empty
; binds2 <- reportUnsolved final_wc
; traceTc "reportUnsolved }" empty
; traceTc "reportUnsolved (unsafe overlapping) {" empty
; unless (isEmptyCts unsafe_ol) $ do {
-- grab current error messages and clear, warnAllUnsolved will
-- update error messages which we'll grab and then restore saved
-- messages.
; errs_var <- getErrsVar
; saved_msg <- TcM.readTcRef errs_var
; TcM.writeTcRef errs_var emptyMessages
; warnAllUnsolved $ WC { wc_simple = unsafe_ol
, wc_impl = emptyBag }
; whyUnsafe <- fst <$> TcM.readTcRef errs_var
; TcM.writeTcRef errs_var saved_msg
; recordUnsafeInfer whyUnsafe
}
; traceTc "reportUnsolved (unsafe overlapping) }" empty
; return (evBindMapBinds binds1 `unionBags` binds2) }
-- | Type-check a thing that emits only equality constraints, solving any
-- constraints we can and re-emitting constraints that we can't. The thing_inside
-- should generally bump the TcLevel to make sure that this run of the solver
-- doesn't affect anything lying around.
solveLocalEqualities :: TcM a -> TcM a
solveLocalEqualities thing_inside
= do { traceTc "solveLocalEqualities {" empty
; (result, wanted) <- captureConstraints thing_inside
; traceTc "solveLocalEqualities: running solver {" (ppr wanted)
; reduced_wanted <- runTcSEqualities (solveWanteds wanted)
; traceTc "solveLocalEqualities: running solver }" (ppr reduced_wanted)
; emitConstraints reduced_wanted
; traceTc "solveLocalEqualities end }" empty
; return result }
-- | Type-check a thing that emits only equality constraints, then
-- solve those constraints. Fails outright if there is trouble.
-- Use this if you're not going to get another crack at solving
-- (because, e.g., you're checking a datatype declaration)
solveEqualities :: TcM a -> TcM a
solveEqualities thing_inside
= checkNoErrs $ -- See Note [Fail fast on kind errors]
do { (result, wanted) <- captureConstraints thing_inside
; traceTc "solveEqualities {" $ text "wanted = " <+> ppr wanted
; final_wc <- runTcSEqualities $ simpl_top wanted
-- NB: Use simpl_top here so that we potentially default RuntimeRep
-- vars to LiftedRep. This is needed to avoid #14991.
; traceTc "End solveEqualities }" empty
; traceTc "reportAllUnsolved {" empty
; reportAllUnsolved final_wc
; traceTc "reportAllUnsolved }" empty
; return result }
-- | Simplify top-level constraints, but without reporting any unsolved
-- constraints nor unsafe overlapping.
simpl_top :: WantedConstraints -> TcS WantedConstraints
-- See Note [Top-level Defaulting Plan]
simpl_top wanteds
= do { wc_first_go <- nestTcS (solveWantedsAndDrop wanteds)
-- This is where the main work happens
; try_tyvar_defaulting wc_first_go }
where
try_tyvar_defaulting :: WantedConstraints -> TcS WantedConstraints
try_tyvar_defaulting wc
| isEmptyWC wc
= return wc
| otherwise
= do { free_tvs <- TcS.zonkTyCoVarsAndFVList (tyCoVarsOfWCList wc)
; let meta_tvs = filter (isTyVar <&&> isMetaTyVar) free_tvs
-- zonkTyCoVarsAndFV: the wc_first_go is not yet zonked
-- filter isMetaTyVar: we might have runtime-skolems in GHCi,
-- and we definitely don't want to try to assign to those!
-- The isTyVar is needed to weed out coercion variables
; defaulted <- mapM defaultTyVarTcS meta_tvs -- Has unification side effects
; if or defaulted
then do { wc_residual <- nestTcS (solveWanteds wc)
-- See Note [Must simplify after defaulting]
; try_class_defaulting wc_residual }
else try_class_defaulting wc } -- No defaulting took place
try_class_defaulting :: WantedConstraints -> TcS WantedConstraints
try_class_defaulting wc
| isEmptyWC wc
= return wc
| otherwise -- See Note [When to do type-class defaulting]
= do { something_happened <- applyDefaultingRules wc
-- See Note [Top-level Defaulting Plan]
; if something_happened
then do { wc_residual <- nestTcS (solveWantedsAndDrop wc)
; try_class_defaulting wc_residual }
-- See Note [Overview of implicit CallStacks] in TcEvidence
else try_callstack_defaulting wc }
try_callstack_defaulting :: WantedConstraints -> TcS WantedConstraints
try_callstack_defaulting wc
| isEmptyWC wc
= return wc
| otherwise
= defaultCallStacks wc
-- | Default any remaining @CallStack@ constraints to empty @CallStack@s.
defaultCallStacks :: WantedConstraints -> TcS WantedConstraints
-- See Note [Overview of implicit CallStacks] in TcEvidence
defaultCallStacks wanteds
= do simples <- handle_simples (wc_simple wanteds)
mb_implics <- mapBagM handle_implic (wc_impl wanteds)
return (wanteds { wc_simple = simples
, wc_impl = catBagMaybes mb_implics })
where
handle_simples simples
= catBagMaybes <$> mapBagM defaultCallStack simples
handle_implic :: Implication -> TcS (Maybe Implication)
-- The Maybe is because solving the CallStack constraint
-- may well allow us to discard the implication entirely
handle_implic implic
| isSolvedStatus (ic_status implic)
= return (Just implic)
| otherwise
= do { wanteds <- setEvBindsTcS (ic_binds implic) $
-- defaultCallStack sets a binding, so
-- we must set the correct binding group
defaultCallStacks (ic_wanted implic)
; setImplicationStatus (implic { ic_wanted = wanteds }) }
defaultCallStack ct
| ClassPred cls tys <- classifyPredType (ctPred ct)
, Just {} <- isCallStackPred cls tys
= do { solveCallStack (ctEvidence ct) EvCsEmpty
; return Nothing }
defaultCallStack ct
= return (Just ct)
{- Note [Fail fast on kind errors]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
solveEqualities is used to solve kind equalities when kind-checking
user-written types. If solving fails we should fail outright, rather
than just accumulate an error message, for two reasons:
* A kind-bogus type signature may cause a cascade of knock-on
errors if we let it pass
* More seriously, we don't have a convenient term-level place to add
deferred bindings for unsolved kind-equality constraints, so we
don't build evidence bindings (by usine reportAllUnsolved). That
means that we'll be left with with a type that has coercion holes
in it, something like
<type> |> co-hole
where co-hole is not filled in. Eeek! That un-filled-in
hole actually causes GHC to crash with "fvProv falls into a hole"
See Trac #11563, #11520, #11516, #11399
So it's important to use 'checkNoErrs' here!
Note [When to do type-class defaulting]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In GHC 7.6 and 7.8.2, we did type-class defaulting only if insolubleWC
was false, on the grounds that defaulting can't help solve insoluble
constraints. But if we *don't* do defaulting we may report a whole
lot of errors that would be solved by defaulting; these errors are
quite spurious because fixing the single insoluble error means that
defaulting happens again, which makes all the other errors go away.
This is jolly confusing: Trac #9033.
So it seems better to always do type-class defaulting.
However, always doing defaulting does mean that we'll do it in
situations like this (Trac #5934):
run :: (forall s. GenST s) -> Int
run = fromInteger 0
We don't unify the return type of fromInteger with the given function
type, because the latter involves foralls. So we're left with
(Num alpha, alpha ~ (forall s. GenST s) -> Int)
Now we do defaulting, get alpha := Integer, and report that we can't
match Integer with (forall s. GenST s) -> Int. That's not totally
stupid, but perhaps a little strange.
Another potential alternative would be to suppress *all* non-insoluble
errors if there are *any* insoluble errors, anywhere, but that seems
too drastic.
Note [Must simplify after defaulting]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We may have a deeply buried constraint
(t:*) ~ (a:Open)
which we couldn't solve because of the kind incompatibility, and 'a' is free.
Then when we default 'a' we can solve the constraint. And we want to do
that before starting in on type classes. We MUST do it before reporting
errors, because it isn't an error! Trac #7967 was due to this.
Note [Top-level Defaulting Plan]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We have considered two design choices for where/when to apply defaulting.
(i) Do it in SimplCheck mode only /whenever/ you try to solve some
simple constraints, maybe deep inside the context of implications.
This used to be the case in GHC 7.4.1.
(ii) Do it in a tight loop at simplifyTop, once all other constraints have
finished. This is the current story.
Option (i) had many disadvantages:
a) Firstly, it was deep inside the actual solver.
b) Secondly, it was dependent on the context (Infer a type signature,
or Check a type signature, or Interactive) since we did not want
to always start defaulting when inferring (though there is an exception to
this, see Note [Default while Inferring]).
c) It plainly did not work. Consider typecheck/should_compile/DfltProb2.hs:
f :: Int -> Bool
f x = const True (\y -> let w :: a -> a
w a = const a (y+1)
in w y)
We will get an implication constraint (for beta the type of y):
[untch=beta] forall a. 0 => Num beta
which we really cannot default /while solving/ the implication, since beta is
untouchable.
Instead our new defaulting story is to pull defaulting out of the solver loop and
go with option (ii), implemented at SimplifyTop. Namely:
- First, have a go at solving the residual constraint of the whole
program
- Try to approximate it with a simple constraint
- Figure out derived defaulting equations for that simple constraint
- Go round the loop again if you did manage to get some equations
Now, that has to do with class defaulting. However there exists type variable /kind/
defaulting. Again this is done at the top-level and the plan is:
- At the top-level, once you had a go at solving the constraint, do
figure out /all/ the touchable unification variables of the wanted constraints.
- Apply defaulting to their kinds
More details in Note [DefaultTyVar].
Note [Safe Haskell Overlapping Instances]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In Safe Haskell, we apply an extra restriction to overlapping instances. The
motive is to prevent untrusted code provided by a third-party, changing the
behavior of trusted code through type-classes. This is due to the global and
implicit nature of type-classes that can hide the source of the dictionary.
Another way to state this is: if a module M compiles without importing another
module N, changing M to import N shouldn't change the behavior of M.
Overlapping instances with type-classes can violate this principle. However,
overlapping instances aren't always unsafe. They are just unsafe when the most
selected dictionary comes from untrusted code (code compiled with -XSafe) and
overlaps instances provided by other modules.
In particular, in Safe Haskell at a call site with overlapping instances, we
apply the following rule to determine if it is a 'unsafe' overlap:
1) Most specific instance, I1, defined in an `-XSafe` compiled module.
2) I1 is an orphan instance or a MPTC.
3) At least one overlapped instance, Ix, is both:
A) from a different module than I1
B) Ix is not marked `OVERLAPPABLE`
This is a slightly involved heuristic, but captures the situation of an
imported module N changing the behavior of existing code. For example, if
condition (2) isn't violated, then the module author M must depend either on a
type-class or type defined in N.
Secondly, when should these heuristics be enforced? We enforced them when the
type-class method call site is in a module marked `-XSafe` or `-XTrustworthy`.
This allows `-XUnsafe` modules to operate without restriction, and for Safe
Haskell inferrence to infer modules with unsafe overlaps as unsafe.
One alternative design would be to also consider if an instance was imported as
a `safe` import or not and only apply the restriction to instances imported
safely. However, since instances are global and can be imported through more
than one path, this alternative doesn't work.
Note [Safe Haskell Overlapping Instances Implementation]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
How is this implemented? It's complicated! So we'll step through it all:
1) `InstEnv.lookupInstEnv` -- Performs instance resolution, so this is where
we check if a particular type-class method call is safe or unsafe. We do this
through the return type, `ClsInstLookupResult`, where the last parameter is a
list of instances that are unsafe to overlap. When the method call is safe,
the list is null.
2) `TcInteract.matchClassInst` -- This module drives the instance resolution
/ dictionary generation. The return type is `LookupInstResult`, which either
says no instance matched, or one found, and if it was a safe or unsafe
overlap.
3) `TcInteract.doTopReactDict` -- Takes a dictionary / class constraint and
tries to resolve it by calling (in part) `matchClassInst`. The resolving
mechanism has a work list (of constraints) that it process one at a time. If
the constraint can't be resolved, it's added to an inert set. When compiling
an `-XSafe` or `-XTrustworthy` module, we follow this approach as we know
compilation should fail. These are handled as normal constraint resolution
failures from here-on (see step 6).
Otherwise, we may be inferring safety (or using `-Wunsafe`), and
compilation should succeed, but print warnings and/or mark the compiled module
as `-XUnsafe`. In this case, we call `insertSafeOverlapFailureTcS` which adds
the unsafe (but resolved!) constraint to the `inert_safehask` field of
`InertCans`.
4) `TcSimplify.simplifyTop`:
* Call simpl_top, the top-level function for driving the simplifier for
constraint resolution.
* Once finished, call `getSafeOverlapFailures` to retrieve the
list of overlapping instances that were successfully resolved,
but unsafe. Remember, this is only applicable for generating warnings
(`-Wunsafe`) or inferring a module unsafe. `-XSafe` and `-XTrustworthy`
cause compilation failure by not resolving the unsafe constraint at all.
* For unresolved constraints (all types), call `TcErrors.reportUnsolved`,
while for resolved but unsafe overlapping dictionary constraints, call
`TcErrors.warnAllUnsolved`. Both functions convert constraints into a
warning message for the user.
* In the case of `warnAllUnsolved` for resolved, but unsafe
dictionary constraints, we collect the generated warning
message (pop it) and call `TcRnMonad.recordUnsafeInfer` to
mark the module we are compiling as unsafe, passing the
warning message along as the reason.
5) `TcErrors.*Unsolved` -- Generates error messages for constraints by
actually calling `InstEnv.lookupInstEnv` again! Yes, confusing, but all we
know is the constraint that is unresolved or unsafe. For dictionary, all we
know is that we need a dictionary of type C, but not what instances are
available and how they overlap. So we once again call `lookupInstEnv` to
figure that out so we can generate a helpful error message.
6) `TcRnMonad.recordUnsafeInfer` -- Save the unsafe result and reason in an
IORef called `tcg_safeInfer`.
7) `HscMain.tcRnModule'` -- Reads `tcg_safeInfer` after type-checking, calling
`HscMain.markUnsafeInfer` (passing the reason along) when safe-inferrence
failed.
Note [No defaulting in the ambiguity check]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
When simplifying constraints for the ambiguity check, we use
solveWantedsAndDrop, not simpl_top, so that we do no defaulting.
Trac #11947 was an example:
f :: Num a => Int -> Int
This is ambiguous of course, but we don't want to default the
(Num alpha) constraint to (Num Int)! Doing so gives a defaulting
warning, but no error.
-}
------------------
simplifyAmbiguityCheck :: Type -> WantedConstraints -> TcM ()
simplifyAmbiguityCheck ty wanteds
= do { traceTc "simplifyAmbiguityCheck {" (text "type = " <+> ppr ty $$ text "wanted = " <+> ppr wanteds)
; (final_wc, _) <- runTcS $ solveWantedsAndDrop wanteds
-- NB: no defaulting! See Note [No defaulting in the ambiguity check]
; traceTc "End simplifyAmbiguityCheck }" empty
-- Normally report all errors; but with -XAllowAmbiguousTypes
-- report only insoluble ones, since they represent genuinely
-- inaccessible code
; allow_ambiguous <- xoptM LangExt.AllowAmbiguousTypes
; traceTc "reportUnsolved(ambig) {" empty
; unless (allow_ambiguous && not (insolubleWC final_wc))
(discardResult (reportUnsolved final_wc))
; traceTc "reportUnsolved(ambig) }" empty
; return () }
------------------
simplifyInteractive :: WantedConstraints -> TcM (Bag EvBind)
simplifyInteractive wanteds
= traceTc "simplifyInteractive" empty >>
simplifyTop wanteds
------------------
simplifyDefault :: ThetaType -- Wanted; has no type variables in it
-> TcM () -- Succeeds if the constraint is soluble
simplifyDefault theta
= do { traceTc "simplifyDefault" empty
; wanteds <- newWanteds DefaultOrigin theta
; unsolved <- runTcSDeriveds (solveWantedsAndDrop (mkSimpleWC wanteds))
; traceTc "reportUnsolved {" empty
; reportAllUnsolved unsolved
; traceTc "reportUnsolved }" empty
; return () }
------------------
tcCheckSatisfiability :: Bag EvVar -> TcM Bool
-- Return True if satisfiable, False if definitely contradictory
tcCheckSatisfiability given_ids
= do { lcl_env <- TcM.getLclEnv
; let given_loc = mkGivenLoc topTcLevel UnkSkol lcl_env
; (res, _ev_binds) <- runTcS $
do { traceTcS "checkSatisfiability {" (ppr given_ids)
; let given_cts = mkGivens given_loc (bagToList given_ids)
-- See Note [Superclasses and satisfiability]
; solveSimpleGivens given_cts
; insols <- getInertInsols
; insols <- try_harder insols
; traceTcS "checkSatisfiability }" (ppr insols)
; return (isEmptyBag insols) }
; return res }
where
try_harder :: Cts -> TcS Cts
-- Maybe we have to search up the superclass chain to find
-- an unsatisfiable constraint. Example: pmcheck/T3927b.
-- At the moment we try just once
try_harder insols
| not (isEmptyBag insols) -- We've found that it's definitely unsatisfiable
= return insols -- Hurrah -- stop now.
| otherwise
= do { pending_given <- getPendingGivenScs
; new_given <- makeSuperClasses pending_given
; solveSimpleGivens new_given
; getInertInsols }
{- Note [Superclasses and satisfiability]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Expand superclasses before starting, because (Int ~ Bool), has
(Int ~~ Bool) as a superclass, which in turn has (Int ~N# Bool)
as a superclass, and it's the latter that is insoluble. See
Note [The equality types story] in TysPrim.
If we fail to prove unsatisfiability we (arbitrarily) try just once to
find superclasses, using try_harder. Reason: we might have a type
signature
f :: F op (Implements push) => ..
where F is a type function. This happened in Trac #3972.
We could do more than once but we'd have to have /some/ limit: in the
the recursive case, we would go on forever in the common case where
the constraints /are/ satisfiable (Trac #10592 comment:12!).
For stratightforard situations without type functions the try_harder
step does nothing.
***********************************************************************************
* *
* Inference
* *
***********************************************************************************
Note [Inferring the type of a let-bound variable]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Consider
f x = rhs
To infer f's type we do the following:
* Gather the constraints for the RHS with ambient level *one more than*
the current one. This is done by the call
pushLevelAndCaptureConstraints (tcMonoBinds...)
in TcBinds.tcPolyInfer
* Call simplifyInfer to simplify the constraints and decide what to
quantify over. We pass in the level used for the RHS constraints,
here called rhs_tclvl.
This ensures that the implication constraint we generate, if any,
has a strictly-increased level compared to the ambient level outside
the let binding.
-}
-- | How should we choose which constraints to quantify over?
data InferMode = ApplyMR -- ^ Apply the monomorphism restriction,
-- never quantifying over any constraints
| EagerDefaulting -- ^ See Note [TcRnExprMode] in TcRnDriver,
-- the :type +d case; this mode refuses
-- to quantify over any defaultable constraint
| NoRestrictions -- ^ Quantify over any constraint that
-- satisfies TcType.pickQuantifiablePreds
instance Outputable InferMode where
ppr ApplyMR = text "ApplyMR"
ppr EagerDefaulting = text "EagerDefaulting"
ppr NoRestrictions = text "NoRestrictions"
simplifyInfer :: TcLevel -- Used when generating the constraints
-> InferMode
-> [TcIdSigInst] -- Any signatures (possibly partial)
-> [(Name, TcTauType)] -- Variables to be generalised,
-- and their tau-types
-> WantedConstraints
-> TcM ([TcTyVar], -- Quantify over these type variables
[EvVar], -- ... and these constraints (fully zonked)
TcEvBinds, -- ... binding these evidence variables
Bool) -- True <=> there was an insoluble type error
-- in these bindings
simplifyInfer rhs_tclvl infer_mode sigs name_taus wanteds
| isEmptyWC wanteds
= do { gbl_tvs <- tcGetGlobalTyCoVars
; dep_vars <- zonkTcTypesAndSplitDepVars (map snd name_taus)
; qtkvs <- quantifyTyVars gbl_tvs dep_vars
; traceTc "simplifyInfer: empty WC" (ppr name_taus $$ ppr qtkvs)
; return (qtkvs, [], emptyTcEvBinds, False) }
| otherwise
= do { traceTc "simplifyInfer {" $ vcat
[ text "sigs =" <+> ppr sigs
, text "binds =" <+> ppr name_taus
, text "rhs_tclvl =" <+> ppr rhs_tclvl
, text "infer_mode =" <+> ppr infer_mode
, text "(unzonked) wanted =" <+> ppr wanteds
]
; let partial_sigs = filter isPartialSig sigs
psig_theta = concatMap sig_inst_theta partial_sigs
-- First do full-blown solving
-- NB: we must gather up all the bindings from doing
-- this solving; hence (runTcSWithEvBinds ev_binds_var).
-- And note that since there are nested implications,
-- calling solveWanteds will side-effect their evidence
-- bindings, so we can't just revert to the input
-- constraint.
; tc_env <- TcM.getEnv
; ev_binds_var <- TcM.newTcEvBinds
; psig_theta_vars <- mapM TcM.newEvVar psig_theta
; wanted_transformed_incl_derivs
<- setTcLevel rhs_tclvl $
runTcSWithEvBinds ev_binds_var $
do { let loc = mkGivenLoc rhs_tclvl UnkSkol $
env_lcl tc_env
psig_givens = mkGivens loc psig_theta_vars
; _ <- solveSimpleGivens psig_givens
-- See Note [Add signature contexts as givens]
; solveWanteds wanteds }
-- Find quant_pred_candidates, the predicates that
-- we'll consider quantifying over
-- NB1: wanted_transformed does not include anything provable from
-- the psig_theta; it's just the extra bit
-- NB2: We do not do any defaulting when inferring a type, this can lead
-- to less polymorphic types, see Note [Default while Inferring]
; wanted_transformed_incl_derivs <- TcM.zonkWC wanted_transformed_incl_derivs
; let definite_error = insolubleWC wanted_transformed_incl_derivs
-- See Note [Quantification with errors]
-- NB: must include derived errors in this test,
-- hence "incl_derivs"
wanted_transformed = dropDerivedWC wanted_transformed_incl_derivs
quant_pred_candidates
| definite_error = []
| otherwise = ctsPreds (approximateWC False wanted_transformed)
-- Decide what type variables and constraints to quantify
-- NB: quant_pred_candidates is already fully zonked
-- NB: bound_theta are constraints we want to quantify over,
-- including the psig_theta, which we always quantify over
-- NB: bound_theta are fully zonked
; (qtvs, bound_theta, co_vars) <- decideQuantification infer_mode rhs_tclvl
name_taus partial_sigs
quant_pred_candidates
; bound_theta_vars <- mapM TcM.newEvVar bound_theta
-- We must produce bindings for the psig_theta_vars, because we may have
-- used them in evidence bindings constructed by solveWanteds earlier
-- Easiest way to do this is to emit them as new Wanteds (Trac #14643)
; ct_loc <- getCtLocM AnnOrigin Nothing
; let psig_wanted = [ CtWanted { ctev_pred = idType psig_theta_var
, ctev_dest = EvVarDest psig_theta_var
, ctev_nosh = WDeriv
, ctev_loc = ct_loc }
| psig_theta_var <- psig_theta_vars ]
-- Now we can emil the residual constraints
; emitResidualConstraints rhs_tclvl tc_env ev_binds_var
name_taus co_vars qtvs
bound_theta_vars
(wanted_transformed `andWC` mkSimpleWC psig_wanted)
-- All done!
; traceTc "} simplifyInfer/produced residual implication for quantification" $
vcat [ text "quant_pred_candidates =" <+> ppr quant_pred_candidates
, text "psig_theta =" <+> ppr psig_theta
, text "bound_theta =" <+> ppr bound_theta
, text "qtvs =" <+> ppr qtvs
, text "definite_error =" <+> ppr definite_error ]
; return ( qtvs, bound_theta_vars, TcEvBinds ev_binds_var, definite_error ) }
-- NB: bound_theta_vars must be fully zonked
--------------------
emitResidualConstraints :: TcLevel -> Env TcGblEnv TcLclEnv -> EvBindsVar
-> [(Name, TcTauType)]
-> VarSet -> [TcTyVar] -> [EvVar]
-> WantedConstraints -> TcM ()
-- Emit the remaining constraints from the RHS.
-- See Note [Emitting the residual implication in simplifyInfer]
emitResidualConstraints rhs_tclvl tc_env ev_binds_var
name_taus co_vars qtvs full_theta_vars wanteds
| isEmptyWC wanteds
= return ()
| otherwise
= do { wanted_simple <- TcM.zonkSimples (wc_simple wanteds)
; let (outer_simple, inner_simple) = partitionBag is_mono wanted_simple
is_mono ct = isWantedCt ct && ctEvId ct `elemVarSet` co_vars
; _ <- promoteTyVarSet (tyCoVarsOfCts outer_simple)
; unless (isEmptyCts outer_simple) $
do { traceTc "emitResidualConstrants:simple" (ppr outer_simple)
; emitSimples outer_simple }
; implic <- newImplication
; let inner_wanted = wanteds { wc_simple = inner_simple }
implic' = mk_implic inner_wanted implic
; unless (isEmptyWC inner_wanted) $
do { traceTc "emitResidualConstraints:implic" (ppr implic')
; emitImplication implic' }
}
where
mk_implic inner_wanted implic
= implic { ic_tclvl = rhs_tclvl
, ic_skols = qtvs
, ic_given = full_theta_vars
, ic_wanted = inner_wanted
, ic_binds = ev_binds_var
, ic_info = skol_info
, ic_env = tc_env }
full_theta = map idType full_theta_vars
skol_info = InferSkol [ (name, mkSigmaTy [] full_theta ty)
| (name, ty) <- name_taus ]
-- Don't add the quantified variables here, because
-- they are also bound in ic_skols and we want them
-- to be tidied uniformly
--------------------
ctsPreds :: Cts -> [PredType]
ctsPreds cts = [ ctEvPred ev | ct <- bagToList cts
, let ev = ctEvidence ct ]
{- Note [Emitting the residual implication in simplifyInfer]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Consider
f = e
where f's type is inferred to be something like (a, Proxy k (Int |> co))
and we have an as-yet-unsolved, or perhaps insoluble, constraint
[W] co :: Type ~ k
We can't form types like (forall co. blah), so we can't generalise over
the coercion variable, and hence we can't generalise over things free in
its kind, in the case 'k'. But we can still generalise over 'a'. So
we'll generalise to
f :: forall a. (a, Proxy k (Int |> co))
Now we do NOT want to form the residual implication constraint
forall a. [W] co :: Type ~ k
because then co's eventual binding (which will be a value binding if we
use -fdefer-type-errors) won't scope over the entire binding for 'f' (whose
type mentions 'co'). Instead, just as we don't generalise over 'co', we
should not bury its constraint inside the implication. Instead, we must
put it outside.
That is the reason for the partitionBag in emitResidualConstraints,
which takes the CoVars free in the inferred type, and pulls their
constraints out. (NB: this set of CoVars should be
closed-over-kinds.)
All rather subtle; see Trac #14584.
Note [Add signature contexts as givens]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Consider this (Trac #11016):
f2 :: (?x :: Int) => _
f2 = ?x
or this
f3 :: a ~ Bool => (a, _)
f3 = (True, False)
or theis
f4 :: (Ord a, _) => a -> Bool
f4 x = x==x
We'll use plan InferGen because there are holes in the type. But:
* For f2 we want to have the (?x :: Int) constraint floating around
so that the functional dependencies kick in. Otherwise the
occurrence of ?x on the RHS produces constraint (?x :: alpha), and
we won't unify alpha:=Int.
* For f3 we want the (a ~ Bool) available to solve the wanted (a ~ Bool)
in the RHS
* For f4 we want to use the (Ord a) in the signature to solve the Eq a
constraint.
Solution: in simplifyInfer, just before simplifying the constraints
gathered from the RHS, add Given constraints for the context of any
type signatures.
************************************************************************
* *
Quantification
* *
************************************************************************
Note [Deciding quantification]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If the monomorphism restriction does not apply, then we quantify as follows:
* Step 1. Take the global tyvars, and "grow" them using the equality
constraints
E.g. if x:alpha is in the environment, and alpha ~ [beta] (which can
happen because alpha is untouchable here) then do not quantify over
beta, because alpha fixes beta, and beta is effectively free in
the environment too
We also account for the monomorphism restriction; if it applies,
add the free vars of all the constraints.
Result is mono_tvs; we will not quantify over these.
* Step 2. Default any non-mono tyvars (i.e ones that are definitely
not going to become further constrained), and re-simplify the
candidate constraints.
Motivation for re-simplification (Trac #7857): imagine we have a
constraint (C (a->b)), where 'a :: TYPE l1' and 'b :: TYPE l2' are
not free in the envt, and instance forall (a::*) (b::*). (C a) => C
(a -> b) The instance doesn't match while l1,l2 are polymorphic, but
it will match when we default them to LiftedRep.
This is all very tiresome.
* Step 3: decide which variables to quantify over, as follows:
- Take the free vars of the tau-type (zonked_tau_tvs) and "grow"
them using all the constraints. These are tau_tvs_plus
- Use quantifyTyVars to quantify over (tau_tvs_plus - mono_tvs), being
careful to close over kinds, and to skolemise the quantified tyvars.
(This actually unifies each quantifies meta-tyvar with a fresh skolem.)
Result is qtvs.
* Step 4: Filter the constraints using pickQuantifiablePreds and the
qtvs. We have to zonk the constraints first, so they "see" the
freshly created skolems.
-}
decideQuantification
:: InferMode
-> TcLevel
-> [(Name, TcTauType)] -- Variables to be generalised
-> [TcIdSigInst] -- Partial type signatures (if any)
-> [PredType] -- Candidate theta; already zonked
-> TcM ( [TcTyVar] -- Quantify over these (skolems)
, [PredType] -- and this context (fully zonked)
, VarSet)
-- See Note [Deciding quantification]
decideQuantification infer_mode rhs_tclvl name_taus psigs candidates
= do { -- Step 1: find the mono_tvs
; (mono_tvs, candidates, co_vars) <- decideMonoTyVars infer_mode
name_taus psigs candidates
-- Step 2: default any non-mono tyvars, and re-simplify
-- This step may do some unification, but result candidates is zonked
; candidates <- defaultTyVarsAndSimplify rhs_tclvl mono_tvs candidates
-- Step 3: decide which kind/type variables to quantify over
; qtvs <- decideQuantifiedTyVars mono_tvs name_taus psigs candidates
-- Step 4: choose which of the remaining candidate
-- predicates to actually quantify over
-- NB: decideQuantifiedTyVars turned some meta tyvars
-- into quantified skolems, so we have to zonk again
; candidates <- TcM.zonkTcTypes candidates
; psig_theta <- TcM.zonkTcTypes (concatMap sig_inst_theta psigs)
; let quantifiable_candidates
= pickQuantifiablePreds (mkVarSet qtvs) candidates
-- NB: do /not/ run pickQuantifiablePreds over psig_theta,
-- because we always want to quantify over psig_theta, and not
-- drop any of them; e.g. CallStack constraints. c.f Trac #14658
theta = mkMinimalBySCs id $ -- See Note [Minimize by Superclasses]
(psig_theta ++ quantifiable_candidates)
; traceTc "decideQuantification"
(vcat [ text "infer_mode:" <+> ppr infer_mode
, text "candidates:" <+> ppr candidates
, text "psig_theta:" <+> ppr psig_theta
, text "mono_tvs:" <+> ppr mono_tvs
, text "co_vars:" <+> ppr co_vars
, text "qtvs:" <+> ppr qtvs
, text "theta:" <+> ppr theta ])
; return (qtvs, theta, co_vars) }
------------------
decideMonoTyVars :: InferMode
-> [(Name,TcType)]
-> [TcIdSigInst]
-> [PredType]
-> TcM (TcTyCoVarSet, [PredType], CoVarSet)
-- Decide which tyvars and covars cannot be generalised:
-- (a) Free in the environment
-- (b) Mentioned in a constraint we can't generalise
-- (c) Connected by an equality to (a) or (b)
-- Also return CoVars that appear free in the final quatified types
-- we can't quantify over these, and we must make sure they are in scope
decideMonoTyVars infer_mode name_taus psigs candidates
= do { (no_quant, maybe_quant) <- pick infer_mode candidates
-- If possible, we quantify over partial-sig qtvs, so they are
-- not mono. Need to zonk them because they are meta-tyvar SigTvs
; psig_qtvs <- mapM zonkTcTyVarToTyVar $
concatMap (map snd . sig_inst_skols) psigs
; psig_theta <- mapM TcM.zonkTcType $
concatMap sig_inst_theta psigs
; taus <- mapM (TcM.zonkTcType . snd) name_taus
; mono_tvs0 <- tcGetGlobalTyCoVars
; let psig_tys = mkTyVarTys psig_qtvs ++ psig_theta
co_vars = coVarsOfTypes (psig_tys ++ taus)
co_var_tvs = closeOverKinds co_vars
-- The co_var_tvs are tvs mentioned in the types of covars or
-- coercion holes. We can't quantify over these covars, so we
-- must include the variable in their types in the mono_tvs.
-- E.g. If we can't quantify over co :: k~Type, then we can't
-- quantify over k either! Hence closeOverKinds
mono_tvs1 = mono_tvs0 `unionVarSet` co_var_tvs
eq_constraints = filter isEqPred candidates
mono_tvs2 = growThetaTyVars eq_constraints mono_tvs1
constrained_tvs = (growThetaTyVars eq_constraints
(tyCoVarsOfTypes no_quant)
`minusVarSet` mono_tvs2)
`delVarSetList` psig_qtvs
-- constrained_tvs: the tyvars that we are not going to
-- quantify solely because of the moonomorphism restriction
--
-- (`minusVarSet` mono_tvs1`): a type variable is only
-- "constrained" (so that the MR bites) if it is not
-- free in the environment (Trac #13785)
--
-- (`delVarSetList` psig_qtvs): if the user has explicitly
-- asked for quantification, then that request "wins"
-- over the MR. Note: do /not/ delete psig_qtvs from
-- mono_tvs1, because mono_tvs1 cannot under any circumstances
-- be quantified (Trac #14479); see
-- Note [Quantification and partial signatures], Wrinkle 3, 4
mono_tvs = mono_tvs2 `unionVarSet` constrained_tvs
-- Warn about the monomorphism restriction
; warn_mono <- woptM Opt_WarnMonomorphism
; when (case infer_mode of { ApplyMR -> warn_mono; _ -> False}) $
warnTc (Reason Opt_WarnMonomorphism)
(constrained_tvs `intersectsVarSet` tyCoVarsOfTypes taus)
mr_msg
; traceTc "decideMonoTyVars" $ vcat
[ text "mono_tvs0 =" <+> ppr mono_tvs0
, text "mono_tvs1 =" <+> ppr mono_tvs1
, text "no_quant =" <+> ppr no_quant
, text "maybe_quant =" <+> ppr maybe_quant
, text "eq_constraints =" <+> ppr eq_constraints
, text "mono_tvs =" <+> ppr mono_tvs
, text "co_vars =" <+> ppr co_vars ]
; return (mono_tvs, maybe_quant, co_vars) }
where
pick :: InferMode -> [PredType] -> TcM ([PredType], [PredType])
-- Split the candidates into ones we definitely
-- won't quantify, and ones that we might
pick NoRestrictions cand = return ([], cand)
pick ApplyMR cand = return (cand, [])
pick EagerDefaulting cand = do { os <- xoptM LangExt.OverloadedStrings
; return (partition (is_int_ct os) cand) }