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__init__.py
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__init__.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.
"""psutil is a cross-platform library for retrieving information on
running processes and system utilization (CPU, memory, disks, network,
sensors) in Python. Supported platforms:
- Linux
- Windows
- macOS
- FreeBSD
- OpenBSD
- NetBSD
- Sun Solaris
- AIX
Works with Python versions from 2.6 to 3.4+.
"""
from __future__ import division
import collections
import contextlib
import datetime
import errno
import functools
import os
import signal
import subprocess
import sys
import threading
import time
try:
import pwd
except ImportError:
pwd = None
from . import _common
from ._common import deprecated_method
from ._common import memoize
from ._common import memoize_when_activated
from ._common import wrap_numbers as _wrap_numbers
from ._compat import long
from ._compat import PY3 as _PY3
from ._common import STATUS_DEAD
from ._common import STATUS_DISK_SLEEP
from ._common import STATUS_IDLE
from ._common import STATUS_LOCKED
from ._common import STATUS_PARKED
from ._common import STATUS_RUNNING
from ._common import STATUS_SLEEPING
from ._common import STATUS_STOPPED
from ._common import STATUS_TRACING_STOP
from ._common import STATUS_WAITING
from ._common import STATUS_WAKING
from ._common import STATUS_ZOMBIE
from ._common import CONN_CLOSE
from ._common import CONN_CLOSE_WAIT
from ._common import CONN_CLOSING
from ._common import CONN_ESTABLISHED
from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT1
from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT2
from ._common import CONN_LAST_ACK
from ._common import CONN_LISTEN
from ._common import CONN_NONE
from ._common import CONN_SYN_RECV
from ._common import CONN_SYN_SENT
from ._common import CONN_TIME_WAIT
from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL
from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF
from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN
from ._common import AIX
from ._common import BSD
from ._common import FREEBSD # NOQA
from ._common import LINUX
from ._common import MACOS
from ._common import NETBSD # NOQA
from ._common import OPENBSD # NOQA
from ._common import OSX # deprecated alias
from ._common import POSIX # NOQA
from ._common import SUNOS
from ._common import WINDOWS
if LINUX:
# This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py
# via sys.modules.
PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
from . import _pslinux as _psplatform
from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_BE # NOQA
from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE # NOQA
from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE # NOQA
from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_RT # NOQA
# Linux >= 2.6.36
if _psplatform.HAS_PRLIMIT:
from ._psutil_linux import RLIM_INFINITY # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_AS # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_CORE # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_CPU # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_DATA # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_FSIZE # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_LOCKS # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_MEMLOCK # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_NOFILE # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_NPROC # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_RSS # NOQA
from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_STACK # NOQA
# Kinda ugly but considerably faster than using hasattr() and
# setattr() against the module object (we are at import time:
# speed matters).
from . import _psutil_linux
try:
RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
RLIMIT_NICE = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_NICE
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
RLIMIT_RTPRIO = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_RTPRIO
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
RLIMIT_RTTIME = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_RTTIME
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
RLIMIT_SIGPENDING = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
except AttributeError:
pass
elif WINDOWS:
from . import _pswindows as _psplatform
from ._psutil_windows import ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA
from ._psutil_windows import BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA
from ._psutil_windows import HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA
from ._psutil_windows import IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA
from ._psutil_windows import NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA
from ._psutil_windows import REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA
from ._pswindows import CONN_DELETE_TCB # NOQA
elif MACOS:
from . import _psosx as _psplatform
elif BSD:
from . import _psbsd as _psplatform
elif SUNOS:
from . import _pssunos as _psplatform
from ._pssunos import CONN_BOUND # NOQA
from ._pssunos import CONN_IDLE # NOQA
# This is public writable API which is read from _pslinux.py and
# _pssunos.py via sys.modules.
PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
elif AIX:
from . import _psaix as _psplatform
# This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py
# via sys.modules.
PROCFS_PATH = "/proc"
else: # pragma: no cover
raise NotImplementedError('platform %s is not supported' % sys.platform)
__all__ = [
# exceptions
"Error", "NoSuchProcess", "ZombieProcess", "AccessDenied",
"TimeoutExpired",
# constants
"version_info", "__version__",
"STATUS_RUNNING", "STATUS_IDLE", "STATUS_SLEEPING", "STATUS_DISK_SLEEP",
"STATUS_STOPPED", "STATUS_TRACING_STOP", "STATUS_ZOMBIE", "STATUS_DEAD",
"STATUS_WAKING", "STATUS_LOCKED", "STATUS_WAITING", "STATUS_LOCKED",
"STATUS_PARKED",
"CONN_ESTABLISHED", "CONN_SYN_SENT", "CONN_SYN_RECV", "CONN_FIN_WAIT1",
"CONN_FIN_WAIT2", "CONN_TIME_WAIT", "CONN_CLOSE", "CONN_CLOSE_WAIT",
"CONN_LAST_ACK", "CONN_LISTEN", "CONN_CLOSING", "CONN_NONE",
"AF_LINK",
"NIC_DUPLEX_FULL", "NIC_DUPLEX_HALF", "NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN",
"POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN", "POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED",
"BSD", "FREEBSD", "LINUX", "NETBSD", "OPENBSD", "MACOS", "OSX", "POSIX",
"SUNOS", "WINDOWS", "AIX",
# classes
"Process", "Popen",
# functions
"pid_exists", "pids", "process_iter", "wait_procs", # proc
"virtual_memory", "swap_memory", # memory
"cpu_times", "cpu_percent", "cpu_times_percent", "cpu_count", # cpu
"cpu_stats", # "cpu_freq",
"net_io_counters", "net_connections", "net_if_addrs", # network
"net_if_stats",
"disk_io_counters", "disk_partitions", "disk_usage", # disk
# "sensors_temperatures", "sensors_battery", "sensors_fans" # sensors
"users", "boot_time", # others
]
__all__.extend(_psplatform.__extra__all__)
__author__ = "Giampaolo Rodola'"
__version__ = "5.5.1"
version_info = tuple([int(num) for num in __version__.split('.')])
AF_LINK = _psplatform.AF_LINK
POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED = _common.POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED
POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN = _common.POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN
_TOTAL_PHYMEM = None
_timer = getattr(time, 'monotonic', time.time)
# Sanity check in case the user messed up with psutil installation
# or did something weird with sys.path. In this case we might end
# up importing a python module using a C extension module which
# was compiled for a different version of psutil.
# We want to prevent that by failing sooner rather than later.
# See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/564
if (int(__version__.replace('.', '')) !=
getattr(_psplatform.cext, 'version', None)):
msg = "version conflict: %r C extension module was built for another " \
"version of psutil" % getattr(_psplatform.cext, "__file__")
if hasattr(_psplatform.cext, 'version'):
msg += " (%s instead of %s)" % (
'.'.join([x for x in str(_psplatform.cext.version)]), __version__)
else:
msg += " (different than %s)" % __version__
msg += "; you may try to 'pip uninstall psutil', manually remove %s" % (
getattr(_psplatform.cext, "__file__",
"the existing psutil install directory"))
msg += " or clean the virtual env somehow, then reinstall"
raise ImportError(msg)
# =====================================================================
# --- Exceptions
# =====================================================================
class Error(Exception):
"""Base exception class. All other psutil exceptions inherit
from this one.
"""
def __init__(self, msg=""):
Exception.__init__(self, msg)
self.msg = msg
def __repr__(self):
ret = "psutil.%s %s" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.msg)
return ret.strip()
__str__ = __repr__
class NoSuchProcess(Error):
"""Exception raised when a process with a certain PID doesn't
or no longer exists.
"""
def __init__(self, pid, name=None, msg=None):
Error.__init__(self, msg)
self.pid = pid
self.name = name
self.msg = msg
if msg is None:
if name:
details = "(pid=%s, name=%s)" % (self.pid, repr(self.name))
else:
details = "(pid=%s)" % self.pid
self.msg = "process no longer exists " + details
class ZombieProcess(NoSuchProcess):
"""Exception raised when querying a zombie process. This is
raised on macOS, BSD and Solaris only, and not always: depending
on the query the OS may be able to succeed anyway.
On Linux all zombie processes are querable (hence this is never
raised). Windows doesn't have zombie processes.
"""
def __init__(self, pid, name=None, ppid=None, msg=None):
NoSuchProcess.__init__(self, msg)
self.pid = pid
self.ppid = ppid
self.name = name
self.msg = msg
if msg is None:
args = ["pid=%s" % pid]
if name:
args.append("name=%s" % repr(self.name))
if ppid:
args.append("ppid=%s" % self.ppid)
details = "(%s)" % ", ".join(args)
self.msg = "process still exists but it's a zombie " + details
class AccessDenied(Error):
"""Exception raised when permission to perform an action is denied."""
def __init__(self, pid=None, name=None, msg=None):
Error.__init__(self, msg)
self.pid = pid
self.name = name
self.msg = msg
if msg is None:
if (pid is not None) and (name is not None):
self.msg = "(pid=%s, name=%s)" % (pid, repr(name))
elif (pid is not None):
self.msg = "(pid=%s)" % self.pid
else:
self.msg = ""
class TimeoutExpired(Error):
"""Raised on Process.wait(timeout) if timeout expires and process
is still alive.
"""
def __init__(self, seconds, pid=None, name=None):
Error.__init__(self, "timeout after %s seconds" % seconds)
self.seconds = seconds
self.pid = pid
self.name = name
if (pid is not None) and (name is not None):
self.msg += " (pid=%s, name=%s)" % (pid, repr(name))
elif (pid is not None):
self.msg += " (pid=%s)" % self.pid
# Push exception classes into platform specific module namespace.
_psplatform.NoSuchProcess = NoSuchProcess
_psplatform.ZombieProcess = ZombieProcess
_psplatform.AccessDenied = AccessDenied
_psplatform.TimeoutExpired = TimeoutExpired
if POSIX:
from . import _psposix
_psposix.TimeoutExpired = TimeoutExpired
# =====================================================================
# --- Utils
# =====================================================================
if hasattr(_psplatform, 'ppid_map'):
# Faster version (Windows and Linux).
_ppid_map = _psplatform.ppid_map
else:
def _ppid_map():
"""Return a {pid: ppid, ...} dict for all running processes in
one shot. Used to speed up Process.children().
"""
ret = {}
for pid in pids():
try:
ret[pid] = _psplatform.Process(pid).ppid()
except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess):
pass
return ret
def _assert_pid_not_reused(fun):
"""Decorator which raises NoSuchProcess in case a process is no
longer running or its PID has been reused.
"""
@functools.wraps(fun)
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.is_running():
raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
def _pprint_secs(secs):
"""Format seconds in a human readable form."""
now = time.time()
secs_ago = int(now - secs)
if secs_ago < 60 * 60 * 24:
fmt = "%H:%M:%S"
else:
fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(secs).strftime(fmt)
# =====================================================================
# --- Process class
# =====================================================================
class Process(object):
"""Represents an OS process with the given PID.
If PID is omitted current process PID (os.getpid()) is used.
Raise NoSuchProcess if PID does not exist.
Note that most of the methods of this class do not make sure
the PID of the process being queried has been reused over time.
That means you might end up retrieving an information referring
to another process in case the original one this instance
refers to is gone in the meantime.
The only exceptions for which process identity is pre-emptively
checked and guaranteed are:
- parent()
- children()
- nice() (set)
- ionice() (set)
- rlimit() (set)
- cpu_affinity (set)
- suspend()
- resume()
- send_signal()
- terminate()
- kill()
To prevent this problem for all other methods you can:
- use is_running() before querying the process
- if you're continuously iterating over a set of Process
instances use process_iter() which pre-emptively checks
process identity for every yielded instance
"""
def __init__(self, pid=None):
self._init(pid)
def _init(self, pid, _ignore_nsp=False):
if pid is None:
pid = os.getpid()
else:
if not _PY3 and not isinstance(pid, (int, long)):
raise TypeError('pid must be an integer (got %r)' % pid)
if pid < 0:
raise ValueError('pid must be a positive integer (got %s)'
% pid)
self._pid = pid
self._name = None
self._exe = None
self._create_time = None
self._gone = False
self._hash = None
self._lock = threading.RLock()
# used for caching on Windows only (on POSIX ppid may change)
self._ppid = None
# platform-specific modules define an _psplatform.Process
# implementation class
self._proc = _psplatform.Process(pid)
self._last_sys_cpu_times = None
self._last_proc_cpu_times = None
# cache creation time for later use in is_running() method
try:
self.create_time()
except AccessDenied:
# We should never get here as AFAIK we're able to get
# process creation time on all platforms even as a
# limited user.
pass
except ZombieProcess:
# Zombies can still be queried by this class (although
# not always) and pids() return them so just go on.
pass
except NoSuchProcess:
if not _ignore_nsp:
msg = 'no process found with pid %s' % pid
raise NoSuchProcess(pid, None, msg)
else:
self._gone = True
# This pair is supposed to indentify a Process instance
# univocally over time (the PID alone is not enough as
# it might refer to a process whose PID has been reused).
# This will be used later in __eq__() and is_running().
self._ident = (self.pid, self._create_time)
def __str__(self):
try:
info = collections.OrderedDict()
except AttributeError:
info = {} # Python 2.6
info["pid"] = self.pid
try:
info["name"] = self.name()
if self._create_time:
info['started'] = _pprint_secs(self._create_time)
except ZombieProcess:
info["status"] = "zombie"
except NoSuchProcess:
info["status"] = "terminated"
except AccessDenied:
pass
return "%s.%s(%s)" % (
self.__class__.__module__,
self.__class__.__name__,
", ".join(["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in info.items()]))
__repr__ = __str__
def __eq__(self, other):
# Test for equality with another Process object based
# on PID and creation time.
if not isinstance(other, Process):
return NotImplemented
return self._ident == other._ident
def __ne__(self, other):
return not self == other
def __hash__(self):
if self._hash is None:
self._hash = hash(self._ident)
return self._hash
@property
def pid(self):
"""The process PID."""
return self._pid
# --- utility methods
@contextlib.contextmanager
def oneshot(self):
"""Utility context manager which considerably speeds up the
retrieval of multiple process information at the same time.
Internally different process info (e.g. name, ppid, uids,
gids, ...) may be fetched by using the same routine, but
only one information is returned and the others are discarded.
When using this context manager the internal routine is
executed once (in the example below on name()) and the
other info are cached.
The cache is cleared when exiting the context manager block.
The advice is to use this every time you retrieve more than
one information about the process. If you're lucky, you'll
get a hell of a speedup.
>>> import psutil
>>> p = psutil.Process()
>>> with p.oneshot():
... p.name() # collect multiple info
... p.cpu_times() # return cached value
... p.cpu_percent() # return cached value
... p.create_time() # return cached value
...
>>>
"""
with self._lock:
if hasattr(self, "_cache"):
# NOOP: this covers the use case where the user enters the
# context twice:
#
# >>> with p.oneshot():
# ... with p.oneshot():
# ...
#
# Also, since as_dict() internally uses oneshot()
# I expect that the code below will be a pretty common
# "mistake" that the user will make, so let's guard
# against that:
#
# >>> with p.oneshot():
# ... p.as_dict()
# ...
yield
else:
try:
# cached in case cpu_percent() is used
self.cpu_times.cache_activate(self)
# cached in case memory_percent() is used
self.memory_info.cache_activate(self)
# cached in case parent() is used
self.ppid.cache_activate(self)
# cached in case username() is used
if POSIX:
self.uids.cache_activate(self)
# specific implementation cache
self._proc.oneshot_enter()
yield
finally:
self.cpu_times.cache_deactivate(self)
self.memory_info.cache_deactivate(self)
self.ppid.cache_deactivate(self)
if POSIX:
self.uids.cache_deactivate(self)
self._proc.oneshot_exit()
def as_dict(self, attrs=None, ad_value=None):
"""Utility method returning process information as a
hashable dictionary.
If *attrs* is specified it must be a list of strings
reflecting available Process class' attribute names
(e.g. ['cpu_times', 'name']) else all public (read
only) attributes are assumed.
*ad_value* is the value which gets assigned in case
AccessDenied or ZombieProcess exception is raised when
retrieving that particular process information.
"""
valid_names = _as_dict_attrnames
if attrs is not None:
if not isinstance(attrs, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)):
raise TypeError("invalid attrs type %s" % type(attrs))
attrs = set(attrs)
invalid_names = attrs - valid_names
if invalid_names:
raise ValueError("invalid attr name%s %s" % (
"s" if len(invalid_names) > 1 else "",
", ".join(map(repr, invalid_names))))
retdict = dict()
ls = attrs or valid_names
with self.oneshot():
for name in ls:
try:
if name == 'pid':
ret = self.pid
else:
meth = getattr(self, name)
ret = meth()
except (AccessDenied, ZombieProcess):
ret = ad_value
except NotImplementedError:
# in case of not implemented functionality (may happen
# on old or exotic systems) we want to crash only if
# the user explicitly asked for that particular attr
if attrs:
raise
continue
retdict[name] = ret
return retdict
def parent(self):
"""Return the parent process as a Process object pre-emptively
checking whether PID has been reused.
If no parent is known return None.
"""
ppid = self.ppid()
if ppid is not None:
ctime = self.create_time()
try:
parent = Process(ppid)
if parent.create_time() <= ctime:
return parent
# ...else ppid has been reused by another process
except NoSuchProcess:
pass
def is_running(self):
"""Return whether this process is running.
It also checks if PID has been reused by another process in
which case return False.
"""
if self._gone:
return False
try:
# Checking if PID is alive is not enough as the PID might
# have been reused by another process: we also want to
# verify process identity.
# Process identity / uniqueness over time is guaranteed by
# (PID + creation time) and that is verified in __eq__.
return self == Process(self.pid)
except ZombieProcess:
# We should never get here as it's already handled in
# Process.__init__; here just for extra safety.
return True
except NoSuchProcess:
self._gone = True
return False
# --- actual API
@memoize_when_activated
def ppid(self):
"""The process parent PID.
On Windows the return value is cached after first call.
"""
# On POSIX we don't want to cache the ppid as it may unexpectedly
# change to 1 (init) in case this process turns into a zombie:
# https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/321
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/356722/
# XXX should we check creation time here rather than in
# Process.parent()?
if POSIX:
return self._proc.ppid()
else: # pragma: no cover
self._ppid = self._ppid or self._proc.ppid()
return self._ppid
def name(self):
"""The process name. The return value is cached after first call."""
# Process name is only cached on Windows as on POSIX it may
# change, see:
# https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/692
if WINDOWS and self._name is not None:
return self._name
name = self._proc.name()
if POSIX and len(name) >= 15:
# On UNIX the name gets truncated to the first 15 characters.
# If it matches the first part of the cmdline we return that
# one instead because it's usually more explicative.
# Examples are "gnome-keyring-d" vs. "gnome-keyring-daemon".
try:
cmdline = self.cmdline()
except AccessDenied:
pass
else:
if cmdline:
extended_name = os.path.basename(cmdline[0])
if extended_name.startswith(name):
name = extended_name
self._name = name
self._proc._name = name
return name
def exe(self):
"""The process executable as an absolute path.
May also be an empty string.
The return value is cached after first call.
"""
def guess_it(fallback):
# try to guess exe from cmdline[0] in absence of a native
# exe representation
cmdline = self.cmdline()
if cmdline and hasattr(os, 'access') and hasattr(os, 'X_OK'):
exe = cmdline[0] # the possible exe
# Attempt to guess only in case of an absolute path.
# It is not safe otherwise as the process might have
# changed cwd.
if (os.path.isabs(exe) and
os.path.isfile(exe) and
os.access(exe, os.X_OK)):
return exe
if isinstance(fallback, AccessDenied):
raise fallback
return fallback
if self._exe is None:
try:
exe = self._proc.exe()
except AccessDenied as err:
return guess_it(fallback=err)
else:
if not exe:
# underlying implementation can legitimately return an
# empty string; if that's the case we don't want to
# raise AD while guessing from the cmdline
try:
exe = guess_it(fallback=exe)
except AccessDenied:
pass
self._exe = exe
return self._exe
def cmdline(self):
"""The command line this process has been called with."""
return self._proc.cmdline()
def status(self):
"""The process current status as a STATUS_* constant."""
try:
return self._proc.status()
except ZombieProcess:
return STATUS_ZOMBIE
def username(self):
"""The name of the user that owns the process.
On UNIX this is calculated by using *real* process uid.
"""
if POSIX:
if pwd is None:
# might happen if python was installed from sources
raise ImportError(
"requires pwd module shipped with standard python")
real_uid = self.uids().real
try:
return pwd.getpwuid(real_uid).pw_name
except KeyError:
# the uid can't be resolved by the system
return str(real_uid)
else:
return self._proc.username()
def create_time(self):
"""The process creation time as a floating point number
expressed in seconds since the epoch, in UTC.
The return value is cached after first call.
"""
if self._create_time is None:
self._create_time = self._proc.create_time()
return self._create_time
def cwd(self):
"""Process current working directory as an absolute path."""
return self._proc.cwd()
def nice(self, value=None):
"""Get or set process niceness (priority)."""
if value is None:
return self._proc.nice_get()
else:
if not self.is_running():
raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
self._proc.nice_set(value)
if POSIX:
@memoize_when_activated
def uids(self):
"""Return process UIDs as a (real, effective, saved)
namedtuple.
"""
return self._proc.uids()
def gids(self):
"""Return process GIDs as a (real, effective, saved)
namedtuple.
"""
return self._proc.gids()
def terminal(self):
"""The terminal associated with this process, if any,
else None.
"""
return self._proc.terminal()
def num_fds(self):
"""Return the number of file descriptors opened by this
process (POSIX only).
"""
return self._proc.num_fds()
# Linux, BSD, AIX and Windows only
if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "io_counters"):
def io_counters(self):
"""Return process I/O statistics as a
(read_count, write_count, read_bytes, write_bytes)
namedtuple.
Those are the number of read/write calls performed and the
amount of bytes read and written by the process.
"""
return self._proc.io_counters()
# Linux and Windows >= Vista only
if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "ionice_get"):
def ionice(self, ioclass=None, value=None):
"""Get or set process I/O niceness (priority).
On Linux *ioclass* is one of the IOPRIO_CLASS_* constants.
*value* is a number which goes from 0 to 7. The higher the
value, the lower the I/O priority of the process.
On Windows only *ioclass* is used and it can be set to 2
(normal), 1 (low) or 0 (very low).
Available on Linux and Windows > Vista only.
"""
if ioclass is None:
if value is not None:
raise ValueError("'ioclass' argument must be specified")
return self._proc.ionice_get()
else:
return self._proc.ionice_set(ioclass, value)
# Linux only
if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "rlimit"):
def rlimit(self, resource, limits=None):
"""Get or set process resource limits as a (soft, hard)
tuple.
*resource* is one of the RLIMIT_* constants.
*limits* is supposed to be a (soft, hard) tuple.
See "man prlimit" for further info.
Available on Linux only.
"""
if limits is None:
return self._proc.rlimit(resource)
else:
return self._proc.rlimit(resource, limits)
# Windows, Linux and FreeBSD only
if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_affinity_get"):
def cpu_affinity(self, cpus=None):
"""Get or set process CPU affinity.
If specified, *cpus* must be a list of CPUs for which you
want to set the affinity (e.g. [0, 1]).
If an empty list is passed, all egible CPUs are assumed
(and set).
(Windows, Linux and BSD only).
"""
# Automatically remove duplicates both on get and
# set (for get it's not really necessary, it's
# just for extra safety).
if cpus is None:
return list(set(self._proc.cpu_affinity_get()))
else:
if not cpus:
if hasattr(self._proc, "_get_eligible_cpus"):
cpus = self._proc._get_eligible_cpus()
else:
cpus = tuple(range(len(cpu_times(percpu=True))))
self._proc.cpu_affinity_set(list(set(cpus)))
# Linux, FreeBSD, SunOS
if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_num"):
def cpu_num(self):
"""Return what CPU this process is currently running on.
The returned number should be <= psutil.cpu_count()
and <= len(psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)).
It may be used in conjunction with
psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True) to observe the system
workload distributed across CPUs.
"""
return self._proc.cpu_num()
# Linux, macOS and Windows only
if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "environ"):
def environ(self):
"""The environment variables of the process as a dict. Note: this
might not reflect changes made after the process started. """
return self._proc.environ()
if WINDOWS:
def num_handles(self):
"""Return the number of handles opened by this process
(Windows only).
"""
return self._proc.num_handles()
def num_ctx_switches(self):
"""Return the number of voluntary and involuntary context
switches performed by this process.
"""
return self._proc.num_ctx_switches()
def num_threads(self):
"""Return the number of threads used by this process."""
return self._proc.num_threads()
if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "threads"):
def threads(self):
"""Return threads opened by process as a list of
(id, user_time, system_time) namedtuples representing
thread id and thread CPU times (user/system).
On OpenBSD this method requires root access.
"""
return self._proc.threads()
@_assert_pid_not_reused
def children(self, recursive=False):
"""Return the children of this process as a list of Process
instances, pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused.
If *recursive* is True return all the parent descendants.
Example (A == this process):
A ─┐
│
├─ B (child) ─┐
│ └─ X (grandchild) ─┐
│ └─ Y (great grandchild)
├─ C (child)
└─ D (child)
>>> import psutil
>>> p = psutil.Process()
>>> p.children()
B, C, D
>>> p.children(recursive=True)
B, X, Y, C, D
Note that in the example above if process X disappears
process Y won't be listed as the reference to process A
is lost.
"""
ppid_map = _ppid_map()
ret = []
if not recursive:
for pid, ppid in ppid_map.items():
if ppid == self.pid: