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git-pull.txt
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git-pull.txt
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git-pull(1)
===========
NAME
----
git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git pull' [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch.
If the current branch is behind the remote, then by default it will
fast-forward the current branch to match the remote. If the current
branch and the remote have diverged, the user needs to specify how to
reconcile the divergent branches with `--rebase` or `--no-rebase` (or
the corresponding configuration option in `pull.rebase`).
More precisely, `git pull` runs `git fetch` with the given parameters
and then depending on configuration options or command line flags,
will call either `git rebase` or `git merge` to reconcile diverging
branches.
<repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
(e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}),
but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository.
Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
"remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
"`master`":
------------
A---B---C master on origin
/
D---E---F---G master
^
origin/master in your repository
------------
Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
`master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
and a log message from the user describing the changes.
------------
A---B---C origin/master
/ \
D---E---F---G---H master
------------
See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
are presented and handled.
In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
the merge will be automatically canceled and the work tree untouched.
It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
OPTIONS
-------
-q::
--quiet::
This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
merging.
-v::
--verbose::
Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
--[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
This option controls if new commits of populated submodules should
be fetched, and if the working trees of active submodules should be
updated, too (see linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-config[1] and
linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
+
If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well.
+
If the update is done via merge, the submodule conflicts are resolved and checked out.
Options related to merging
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:git-pull: 1
include::merge-options.txt[]
-r::
--rebase[=false|true|merges|interactive]::
When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
+
When set to `merges`, rebase using `git rebase --rebase-merges` so that
the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see
linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details).
+
When false, merge the upstream branch into the current branch.
+
When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase.
+
See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
`--rebase` instead of merging.
+
[NOTE]
This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
published that history already. Do *not* use this option
unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
--no-rebase::
This is shorthand for --rebase=false.
Options related to fetching
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::fetch-options.txt[]
include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
include::urls-remotes.txt[]
include::merge-strategies.txt[]
DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
-----------------
Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
`origin`.
In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
and if there is not any such variable, the value on the `URL:` line
in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` is used.
In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
is consulted and its `Pull:` lines are used.
In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
------------
refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
------------
A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
compatibility.
If explicit refspecs were given on the command
line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
uses the refspec from the configuration or
`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
rules apply:
. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
remote site that is merged.
. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
EXAMPLES
--------
* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
current branch:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git pull
$ git pull origin
------------------------------------------------
+
Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git pull origin next
------------------------------------------------
+
This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, and
updates the remote-tracking branch `origin/next`.
The same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
+
------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch origin
$ git merge origin/next
------------------------------------------------
If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
BUGS
----
Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself cannot be
fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
version.
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite