/
everyday.html
1476 lines (1391 loc) · 35.1 KB
/
everyday.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" />
<title>Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So</title>
<style type="text/css">
/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
/* Default font. */
body {
font-family: Georgia,serif;
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/* Title font. */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
div.title, caption.title,
thead, p.table.header,
#toctitle,
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#footer {
font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
}
body {
margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
}
a {
color: blue;
text-decoration: underline;
}
a:visited {
color: fuchsia;
}
em {
font-style: italic;
color: navy;
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strong {
font-weight: bold;
color: #083194;
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color: #527bbd;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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h5 {
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div.sectionbody {
margin-left: 0;
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hr {
border: 1px solid silver;
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p {
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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ul, ol, li > p {
margin-top: 0;
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ul > li { color: #aaa; }
ul > li > * { color: black; }
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font-size: inherit;
color: navy;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
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#author {
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font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.1em;
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#email {
}
#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
}
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
padding-top: 0.5em;
margin-top: 4.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
div.admonitionblock {
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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div.admonitionblock {
margin-top: 2.0em;
margin-bottom: 2.0em;
margin-right: 10%;
color: #606060;
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div.content { /* Block element content. */
padding: 0;
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/* Block element titles. */
div.title, caption.title {
color: #527bbd;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: left;
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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td div.title:first-child {
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/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
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div.admonitionblock .icon {
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span.image img { border-style: none; }
a.image:visited { color: white; }
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ol.upperroman {
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td > div.verse {
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dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
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.comment {
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#footnotes {
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#footnotes div.footnote {
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#footnotes hr {
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span.green { color: green; }
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span.olive { color: olive; }
span.purple { color: purple; }
span.red { color: red; }
span.silver { color: silver; }
span.teal { color: teal; }
span.white { color: white; }
span.yellow { color: yellow; }
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span.white-background { background: white; }
span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
span.big { font-size: 2em; }
span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
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span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
/*
* xhtml11 specific
*
* */
div.tableblock {
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
div.tableblock > table {
border: 3px solid #527bbd;
}
thead, p.table.header {
font-weight: bold;
color: #527bbd;
}
p.table {
margin-top: 0;
}
/* Because the table frame attribute is overriden by CSS in most browsers. */
div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
border-style: none;
}
div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
border-left-style: none;
border-right-style: none;
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div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
border-top-style: none;
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/*
* html5 specific
*
* */
table.tableblock {
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
thead, p.tableblock.header {
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color: #527bbd;
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padding: 4px;
border-style: solid;
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table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
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table.tableblock.frame-sides {
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table.tableblock.frame-none {
border-style: hidden;
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text-align: left;
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text-align: center;
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th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
text-align: right;
}
th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
vertical-align: top;
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th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
vertical-align: middle;
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th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
vertical-align: bottom;
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/*
* manpage specific
*
* */
body.manpage h1 {
padding-top: 0.5em;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
border-top: 2px solid silver;
border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
}
body.manpage h2 {
border-style: none;
}
body.manpage div.sectionbody {
margin-left: 3em;
}
@media print {
body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*<+'])');
// Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
// nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
// browsers).
var iterate = function (el) {
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iterate(i);
}
}
}
iterate(el);
return result;
}
var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
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&& entry.getAttribute("class")
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// Rebuild TOC entries.
var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
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if (entries.length == 0)
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Footnotes generator
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* Based on footnote generation code from:
* http://www.brandspankingnew.net/archive/2005/07/format_footnote.html
*/
footnotes: function () {
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</head>
<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So</h1>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="#Individual Developer (Standalone)">[Individual Developer (Standalone)]</a> commands are essential for
anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
the <a href="#Individual Developer (Participant)">[Individual Developer (Participant)]</a> section as well.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>People who play the <a href="#Integrator">[Integrator]</a> role need to learn some more
commands in addition to the above.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="#Repository Administration">[Repository Administration]</a> commands are for system
administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
of git repositories.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_individual_developer_standalone_a_id_individual_developer_standalone_a">Individual Developer (Standalone)<a id="Individual Developer (Standalone)"></a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
following commands.</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a> to create a new repository.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-show-branch.html">git-show-branch(1)</a> to see where you are.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> to see what happened.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a> and <a href="git-branch.html">git-branch(1)</a> to switch
branches.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to manage the index file.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> to see what
you are in the middle of doing.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> to advance the current branch.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a> and <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a> (with
pathname parameters) to undo changes.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a> to merge between local branches.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> to maintain topic branches.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a> to mark known point.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Use a tarball as a starting point for a new repository.
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz
$ cd frotz
$ git init
$ git add . <b><1></b>
$ git commit -m "import of frotz source tree."
$ git tag v2.43 <b><2></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
add everything under the current directory.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
make a lightweight, unannotated tag.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Create a topic branch and develop.
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git checkout -b alsa-audio <b><1></b>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git checkout -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <b><2></b>
$ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <b><3></b>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git diff HEAD <b><4></b>
$ git commit -a -s <b><5></b>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <b><6></b>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git diff ORIG_HEAD <b><7></b>
$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <b><8></b>
$ git checkout master <b><9></b>
$ git merge alsa-audio <b><10></b>
$ git log --since='3 days ago' <b><11></b>
$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <b><12></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
create a new topic branch.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
revert your botched changes in <code>curses/ux_audio_oss.c</code>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
modification will be caught if you do <code>git commit -a</code> later.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
to see what changes you are committing.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
take the last commit back, keeping what is in the working tree.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
look at the changes since the premature commit we took back.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
redo the commit undone in the previous step, using the message
you originally wrote.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
switch to the master branch.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
merge a topic branch into your master branch.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
combined and include <code>--max-count=10</code> (show 10 commits),
<code>--until=2005-12-10</code>, etc.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
view only the changes that touch what’s in <code>curses/</code>
directory, since <code>v2.43</code> tag.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_individual_developer_participant_a_id_individual_developer_participant_a">Individual Developer (Participant)<a id="Individual Developer (Participant)"></a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> from the upstream to prime your local
repository.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> from "origin"
to keep up-to-date with the upstream.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> to shared repository, if you adopt CVS
style shared repository workflow.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> to prepare e-mail submission, if
you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_examples_2">Examples</h3>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
Clone the upstream and work on it. Feed changes to upstream.
</dt>
<dd>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
$ cd my2.6
$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <b><1></b>
$ git format-patch origin <b><2></b>
$ git pull <b><3></b>
$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <b><4></b>
$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <b><5></b>
$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <b><6></b>
$ git gc <b><7></b>
$ git fetch --tags <b><8></b></code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="colist arabic"><ol>
<li>
<p>
repeat as needed.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission.