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git-push.html
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git-push.html
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<body>
<div id="header">
<h1>
git-push(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-push -
Update remote refs along with associated objects
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<div class="verseblock-content"><em>git push</em> [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
[--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
[<repository> [<refspec>…]]</div>
<div class="verseblock-attribution">
</div></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects
necessary to complete the given refs.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can make interesting things happen to a repository
every time you push into it, by setting up <em>hooks</em> there. See
documentation for <a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack(1)</a>.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_options_a_id_options_a">OPTIONS<a id="OPTIONS"></a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<repository>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The "remote" repository that is destination of a push
operation. This parameter can be either a URL
(see the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below) or the name
of a remote (see the section <a href="#REMOTES">REMOTES</a> below).
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
<refspec>…
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
<tt>+</tt>, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
by a colon <tt>:</tt>, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
in the remote repository is to be updated. If not specified,
the behavior of the command is controlled by the <tt>push.default</tt>
configuration variable.
</p>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as <tt>master~4</tt> or
<tt>HEAD</tt> (see <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
be named. If <tt>:</tt><dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
updated.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
update can fast-forward <dst>. By having the optional leading <tt>+</tt>,
you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
fast-forward. This does <strong>not</strong> attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See
EXAMPLES below for details.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>tag <tag></tt> means the same as <tt>refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag></tt>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
the remote repository.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The special refspec <tt>:</tt> (or <tt>+:</tt> to allow non-fast-forward updates)
directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode
if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below) and
no <tt>push.default</tt> configuration variable is set.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--all
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
refs under <tt>refs/heads/</tt> be pushed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--prune
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Remove remote branches that don’t have a local counterpart. For example
a remote branch <tt>tmp</tt> will be removed if a local branch with the same
name doesn’t exist any more. This also respects refspecs, e.g.
<tt>git push --prune remote refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*</tt> would
make sure that remote <tt>refs/tmp/foo</tt> will be removed if <tt>refs/heads/foo</tt>
doesn’t exist.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--mirror
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
refs under <tt>refs/</tt> (which includes but is not
limited to <tt>refs/heads/</tt>, <tt>refs/remotes/</tt>, and <tt>refs/tags/</tt>)
be mirrored to the remote repository. Newly created local
refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs
will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs
will be removed from the remote end. This is the default
if the configuration option <tt>remote.<remote>.mirror</tt> is
set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-n
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--dry-run
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Do everything except actually send the updates.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--porcelain
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref
will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full
symbolic names of the refs will be given.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--delete
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is
the same as prefixing all refs with a colon.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--tags
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
All refs under <tt>refs/tags</tt> are pushed, in
addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
line.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--exec=<git-receive-pack>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Path to the <em>git-receive-pack</em> program on the remote
end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
a directory on the default $PATH.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-f
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--force
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
This flag disables the check. This can cause the
remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--repo=<repository>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
passed in the invocation. In this case, <em>git push</em> derives the
remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
the difference between these two commands
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>git push public #1
git push --repo=public #2</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
useful if you write an alias or script around <em>git push</em>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-u
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--set-upstream
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
<a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and other commands. For more information,
see <em>branch.<name>.merge</em> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--thin
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--no-thin
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
These options are passed to <a href="git-send-pack.html">git-send-pack(1)</a>. A thin transfer
significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
--thin.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-q
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--quiet
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs,
unless an error occurs. Progress is not reported to the standard
error stream.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
-v
</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--verbose
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Run verbosely.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--progress
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If <em>check</em> is
used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote
of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be
aborted and exit with non-zero status. If <em>on-demand</em> is used
all submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will
be pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary
revisions it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_git_urls_a_id_urls_a">GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the
address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
absent.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp,
and ftps can be used for fetching and rsync can be used for fetching
and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use
them).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following syntaxes may be used with them:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
git://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
http[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
ftp[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
[user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
git://host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
[user@]host.xz:/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following
syntaxes may be used:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
/path/to/repo.git/
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="file:///path/to/repo.git/">file:///path/to/repo.git/</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
the former implies --local option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for
details.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
attempts to use the <em>remote-<transport></em> remote helper, if one
exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
may be used:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<transport>::<address>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
invoked. See <a href="git-remote-helpers.html">git-remote-helpers(1)</a> for details.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
configuration section of the form:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt> [url "<actual url base>"]
insteadOf = <other url base></tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt> [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
insteadOf = work:</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
configuration section of the form:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt> [url "<actual url base>"]
pushInsteadOf = <other url base></tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt> [url "ssh://example.org/"]
pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
"ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
use the original URL.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_remotes_a_id_remotes_a">REMOTES<a id="REMOTES"></a></h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>The name of one of the following can be used instead
of a URL as <tt><repository></tt> argument:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
a remote in the git configuration file: <tt>$GIT_DIR/config</tt>,
</p>
</li>
<li>