revision.c

#include "cache.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "blob.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "graph.h"
#include "grep.h"
#include "reflog-walk.h"
#include "patch-ids.h"
#include "decorate.h"
#include "log-tree.h"
#include "string-list.h"

volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;

char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name)
{
	const struct name_path *p;
	char *n, *m;
	int nlen = strlen(name);
	int len = nlen + 1;

	for (p = path; p; p = p->up) {
		if (p->elem_len)
			len += p->elem_len + 1;
	}
	n = xmalloc(len);
	m = n + len - (nlen + 1);
	strcpy(m, name);
	for (p = path; p; p = p->up) {
		if (p->elem_len) {
			m -= p->elem_len + 1;
			memcpy(m, p->elem, p->elem_len);
			m[p->elem_len] = '/';
		}
	}
	return n;
}

void add_object(struct object *obj,
		struct object_array *p,
		struct name_path *path,
		const char *name)
{
	add_object_array(obj, path_name(path, name), p);
}

static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
{
	if (!blob)
		return;
	if (blob->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
		return;
	blob->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
}

void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
{
	struct tree_desc desc;
	struct name_entry entry;
	struct object *obj = &tree->object;

	if (!tree)
		return;
	if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
		return;
	obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
	if (!has_sha1_file(obj->sha1))
		return;
	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
		die("bad tree %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));

	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
		switch (object_type(entry.mode)) {
		case OBJ_TREE:
			mark_tree_uninteresting(lookup_tree(entry.sha1));
			break;
		case OBJ_BLOB:
			mark_blob_uninteresting(lookup_blob(entry.sha1));
			break;
		default:
			/* Subproject commit - not in this repository */
			break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * We don't care about the tree any more
	 * after it has been marked uninteresting.
	 */
	free(tree->buffer);
	tree->buffer = NULL;
}

void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
{
	struct commit_list *parents = commit->parents;

	while (parents) {
		struct commit *commit = parents->item;
		if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;

			/*
			 * Normally we haven't parsed the parent
			 * yet, so we won't have a parent of a parent
			 * here. However, it may turn out that we've
			 * reached this commit some other way (where it
			 * wasn't uninteresting), in which case we need
			 * to mark its parents recursively too..
			 */
			if (commit->parents)
				mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
		}

		/*
		 * A missing commit is ok iff its parent is marked
		 * uninteresting.
		 *
		 * We just mark such a thing parsed, so that when
		 * it is popped next time around, we won't be trying
		 * to parse it and get an error.
		 */
		if (!has_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1))
			commit->object.parsed = 1;
		parents = parents->next;
	}
}

static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name, unsigned mode)
{
	if (revs->no_walk && (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
		revs->no_walk = 0;
	if (revs->reflog_info && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, &buf);
		int st;

		if (0 < len && name[len] && buf.len)
			strbuf_addstr(&buf, name + len);
		st = add_reflog_for_walk(revs->reflog_info,
					 (struct commit *)obj,
					 buf.buf[0] ? buf.buf: name);
		strbuf_release(&buf);
		if (st)
			return;
	}
	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode);
}

void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name)
{
	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, obj, name, S_IFINVALID);
}

void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	struct object *obj;
	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
		return;
	obj = parse_object(sha1);
	if (!obj)
		return;
	add_pending_object(revs, obj, "HEAD");
}

static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags)
{
	struct object *object;

	object = parse_object(sha1);
	if (!object)
		die("bad object %s", name);
	object->flags |= flags;
	return object;
}

static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object, const char *name)
{
	unsigned long flags = object->flags;

	/*
	 * Tag object? Look what it points to..
	 */
	while (object->type == OBJ_TAG) {
		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) object;
		if (revs->tag_objects && !(flags & UNINTERESTING))
			add_pending_object(revs, object, tag->tag);
		if (!tag->tagged)
			die("bad tag");
		object = parse_object(tag->tagged->sha1);
		if (!object) {
			if (flags & UNINTERESTING)
				return NULL;
			die("bad object %s", sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Commit object? Just return it, we'll do all the complex
	 * reachability crud.
	 */
	if (object->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)object;
		if (parse_commit(commit) < 0)
			die("unable to parse commit %s", name);
		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
			revs->limited = 1;
		}
		if (revs->show_source && !commit->util)
			commit->util = (void *) name;
		return commit;
	}

	/*
	 * Tree object? Either mark it uninteresting, or add it
	 * to the list of objects to look at later..
	 */
	if (object->type == OBJ_TREE) {
		struct tree *tree = (struct tree *)object;
		if (!revs->tree_objects)
			return NULL;
		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
			mark_tree_uninteresting(tree);
			return NULL;
		}
		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * Blob object? You know the drill by now..
	 */
	if (object->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
		struct blob *blob = (struct blob *)object;
		if (!revs->blob_objects)
			return NULL;
		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
			mark_blob_uninteresting(blob);
			return NULL;
		}
		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
		return NULL;
	}
	die("%s is unknown object", name);
}

static int everybody_uninteresting(struct commit_list *orig)
{
	struct commit_list *list = orig;
	while (list) {
		struct commit *commit = list->item;
		list = list->next;
		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
			continue;
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 * The goal is to get REV_TREE_NEW as the result only if the
 * diff consists of all '+' (and no other changes), REV_TREE_OLD
 * if the whole diff is removal of old data, and otherwise
 * REV_TREE_DIFFERENT (of course if the trees are the same we
 * want REV_TREE_SAME).
 * That means that once we get to REV_TREE_DIFFERENT, we do not
 * have to look any further.
 */
static int tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;

static void file_add_remove(struct diff_options *options,
		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
		    const unsigned char *sha1,
		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
{
	int diff = addremove == '+' ? REV_TREE_NEW : REV_TREE_OLD;

	tree_difference |= diff;
	if (tree_difference == REV_TREE_DIFFERENT)
		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
}

static void file_change(struct diff_options *options,
		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
		 const char *fullpath,
		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
{
	tree_difference = REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
}

static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
{
	struct tree *t1 = parent->tree;
	struct tree *t2 = commit->tree;

	if (!t1)
		return REV_TREE_NEW;
	if (!t2)
		return REV_TREE_OLD;

	if (revs->simplify_by_decoration) {
		/*
		 * If we are simplifying by decoration, then the commit
		 * is worth showing if it has a tag pointing at it.
		 */
		if (lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object))
			return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
		/*
		 * A commit that is not pointed by a tag is uninteresting
		 * if we are not limited by path.  This means that you will
		 * see the usual "commits that touch the paths" plus any
		 * tagged commit by specifying both --simplify-by-decoration
		 * and pathspec.
		 */
		if (!revs->prune_data)
			return REV_TREE_SAME;
	}

	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs->pruning, HAS_CHANGES);
	if (diff_tree_sha1(t1->object.sha1, t2->object.sha1, "",
			   &revs->pruning) < 0)
		return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
	return tree_difference;
}

static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
{
	int retval;
	void *tree;
	unsigned long size;
	struct tree_desc empty, real;
	struct tree *t1 = commit->tree;

	if (!t1)
		return 0;

	tree = read_object_with_reference(t1->object.sha1, tree_type, &size, NULL);
	if (!tree)
		return 0;
	init_tree_desc(&real, tree, size);
	init_tree_desc(&empty, "", 0);

	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs->pruning, HAS_CHANGES);
	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, "", &revs->pruning);
	free(tree);

	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
}

static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
{
	struct commit_list **pp, *parent;
	int tree_changed = 0, tree_same = 0;

	/*
	 * If we don't do pruning, everything is interesting
	 */
	if (!revs->prune)
		return;

	if (!commit->tree)
		return;

	if (!commit->parents) {
		if (rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, commit))
			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Normal non-merge commit? If we don't want to make the
	 * history dense, we consider it always to be a change..
	 */
	if (!revs->dense && !commit->parents->next)
		return;

	pp = &commit->parents;
	while ((parent = *pp) != NULL) {
		struct commit *p = parent->item;

		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
			die("cannot simplify commit %s (because of %s)",
			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
			    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
		switch (rev_compare_tree(revs, p, commit)) {
		case REV_TREE_SAME:
			tree_same = 1;
			if (!revs->simplify_history || (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
				/* Even if a merge with an uninteresting
				 * side branch brought the entire change
				 * we are interested in, we do not want
				 * to lose the other branches of this
				 * merge, so we just keep going.
				 */
				pp = &parent->next;
				continue;
			}
			parent->next = NULL;
			commit->parents = parent;
			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
			return;

		case REV_TREE_NEW:
			if (revs->remove_empty_trees &&
			    rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, p)) {
				/* We are adding all the specified
				 * paths from this parent, so the
				 * history beyond this parent is not
				 * interesting.  Remove its parents
				 * (they are grandparents for us).
				 * IOW, we pretend this parent is a
				 * "root" commit.
				 */
				if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
					die("cannot simplify commit %s (invalid %s)",
					    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
					    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
				p->parents = NULL;
			}
		/* fallthrough */
		case REV_TREE_OLD:
		case REV_TREE_DIFFERENT:
			tree_changed = 1;
			pp = &parent->next;
			continue;
		}
		die("bad tree compare for commit %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
	}
	if (tree_changed && !tree_same)
		return;
	commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
}

static void insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
		    struct commit_list *cached_base, struct commit_list **cache)
{
	struct commit_list *new_entry;

	if (cached_base && p->date < cached_base->item->date)
		new_entry = insert_by_date(p, &cached_base->next);
	else
		new_entry = insert_by_date(p, head);

	if (cache && (!*cache || p->date < (*cache)->item->date))
		*cache = new_entry;
}

static int add_parents_to_list(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
		    struct commit_list **list, struct commit_list **cache_ptr)
{
	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
	unsigned left_flag;
	struct commit_list *cached_base = cache_ptr ? *cache_ptr : NULL;

	if (commit->object.flags & ADDED)
		return 0;
	commit->object.flags |= ADDED;

	/*
	 * If the commit is uninteresting, don't try to
	 * prune parents - we want the maximal uninteresting
	 * set.
	 *
	 * Normally we haven't parsed the parent
	 * yet, so we won't have a parent of a parent
	 * here. However, it may turn out that we've
	 * reached this commit some other way (where it
	 * wasn't uninteresting), in which case we need
	 * to mark its parents recursively too..
	 */
	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
		while (parent) {
			struct commit *p = parent->item;
			parent = parent->next;
			if (p)
				p->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
			if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
				continue;
			if (p->parents)
				mark_parents_uninteresting(p);
			if (p->object.flags & SEEN)
				continue;
			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
			insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
		}
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Ok, the commit wasn't uninteresting. Try to
	 * simplify the commit history and find the parent
	 * that has no differences in the path set if one exists.
	 */
	try_to_simplify_commit(revs, commit);

	if (revs->no_walk)
		return 0;

	left_flag = (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT);

	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next) {
		struct commit *p = parent->item;

		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
			return -1;
		if (revs->show_source && !p->util)
			p->util = commit->util;
		p->object.flags |= left_flag;
		if (!(p->object.flags & SEEN)) {
			p->object.flags |= SEEN;
			insert_by_date_cached(p, list, cached_base, cache_ptr);
		}
		if (revs->first_parent_only)
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void cherry_pick_list(struct commit_list *list, struct rev_info *revs)
{
	struct commit_list *p;
	int left_count = 0, right_count = 0;
	int left_first;
	struct patch_ids ids;

	/* First count the commits on the left and on the right */
	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
		struct commit *commit = p->item;
		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;
		if (flags & BOUNDARY)
			;
		else if (flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
			left_count++;
		else
			right_count++;
	}

	if (!left_count || !right_count)
		return;

	left_first = left_count < right_count;
	init_patch_ids(&ids);
	if (revs->diffopt.nr_paths) {
		ids.diffopts.nr_paths = revs->diffopt.nr_paths;
		ids.diffopts.paths = revs->diffopt.paths;
		ids.diffopts.pathlens = revs->diffopt.pathlens;
	}

	/* Compute patch-ids for one side */
	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
		struct commit *commit = p->item;
		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;

		if (flags & BOUNDARY)
			continue;
		/*
		 * If we have fewer left, left_first is set and we omit
		 * commits on the right branch in this loop.  If we have
		 * fewer right, we skip the left ones.
		 */
		if (left_first != !!(flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT))
			continue;
		commit->util = add_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids);
	}

	/* Check the other side */
	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
		struct commit *commit = p->item;
		struct patch_id *id;
		unsigned flags = commit->object.flags;

		if (flags & BOUNDARY)
			continue;
		/*
		 * If we have fewer left, left_first is set and we omit
		 * commits on the left branch in this loop.
		 */
		if (left_first == !!(flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT))
			continue;

		/*
		 * Have we seen the same patch id?
		 */
		id = has_commit_patch_id(commit, &ids);
		if (!id)
			continue;
		id->seen = 1;
		commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
	}

	/* Now check the original side for seen ones */
	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
		struct commit *commit = p->item;
		struct patch_id *ent;

		ent = commit->util;
		if (!ent)
			continue;
		if (ent->seen)
			commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
		commit->util = NULL;
	}

	free_patch_ids(&ids);
}

/* How many extra uninteresting commits we want to see.. */
#define SLOP 5

static int still_interesting(struct commit_list *src, unsigned long date, int slop)
{
	/*
	 * No source list at all? We're definitely done..
	 */
	if (!src)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Does the destination list contain entries with a date
	 * before the source list? Definitely _not_ done.
	 */
	if (date < src->item->date)
		return SLOP;

	/*
	 * Does the source list still have interesting commits in
	 * it? Definitely not done..
	 */
	if (!everybody_uninteresting(src))
		return SLOP;

	/* Ok, we're closing in.. */
	return slop-1;
}

/*
 * "rev-list --ancestry-path A..B" computes commits that are ancestors
 * of B but not ancestors of A but further limits the result to those
 * that are descendants of A.  This takes the list of bottom commits and
 * the result of "A..B" without --ancestry-path, and limits the latter
 * further to the ones that can reach one of the commits in "bottom".
 */
static void limit_to_ancestry(struct commit_list *bottom, struct commit_list *list)
{
	struct commit_list *p;
	struct commit_list *rlist = NULL;
	int made_progress;

	/*
	 * Reverse the list so that it will be likely that we would
	 * process parents before children.
	 */
	for (p = list; p; p = p->next)
		commit_list_insert(p->item, &rlist);

	for (p = bottom; p; p = p->next)
		p->item->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;

	/*
	 * Mark the ones that can reach bottom commits in "list",
	 * in a bottom-up fashion.
	 */
	do {
		made_progress = 0;
		for (p = rlist; p; p = p->next) {
			struct commit *c = p->item;
			struct commit_list *parents;
			if (c->object.flags & (TMP_MARK | UNINTERESTING))
				continue;
			for (parents = c->parents;
			     parents;
			     parents = parents->next) {
				if (!(parents->item->object.flags & TMP_MARK))
					continue;
				c->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
				made_progress = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
	} while (made_progress);

	/*
	 * NEEDSWORK: decide if we want to remove parents that are
	 * not marked with TMP_MARK from commit->parents for commits
	 * in the resulting list.  We may not want to do that, though.
	 */

	/*
	 * The ones that are not marked with TMP_MARK are uninteresting
	 */
	for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
		struct commit *c = p->item;
		if (c->object.flags & TMP_MARK)
			continue;
		c->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
	}

	/* We are done with the TMP_MARK */
	for (p = list; p; p = p->next)
		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
	for (p = bottom; p; p = p->next)
		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
	free_commit_list(rlist);
}

/*
 * Before walking the history, keep the set of "negative" refs the
 * caller has asked to exclude.
 *
 * This is used to compute "rev-list --ancestry-path A..B", as we need
 * to filter the result of "A..B" further to the ones that can actually
 * reach A.
 */
static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct commit_list *list)
{
	struct commit_list *elem, *bottom = NULL;
	for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next)
		if (elem->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
			commit_list_insert(elem->item, &bottom);
	return bottom;
}

static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	int slop = SLOP;
	unsigned long date = ~0ul;
	struct commit_list *list = revs->commits;
	struct commit_list *newlist = NULL;
	struct commit_list **p = &newlist;
	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;

	if (revs->ancestry_path) {
		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(list);
		if (!bottom)
			die("--ancestry-path given but there are no bottom commits");
	}

	while (list) {
		struct commit_list *entry = list;
		struct commit *commit = list->item;
		struct object *obj = &commit->object;
		show_early_output_fn_t show;

		list = list->next;
		free(entry);

		if (revs->max_age != -1 && (commit->date < revs->max_age))
			obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
		if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &list, NULL) < 0)
			return -1;
		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
			if (revs->show_all)
				p = &commit_list_insert(commit, p)->next;
			slop = still_interesting(list, date, slop);
			if (slop)
				continue;
			/* If showing all, add the whole pending list to the end */
			if (revs->show_all)
				*p = list;
			break;
		}
		if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
			continue;
		date = commit->date;
		p = &commit_list_insert(commit, p)->next;

		show = show_early_output;
		if (!show)
			continue;

		show(revs, newlist);
		show_early_output = NULL;
	}
	if (revs->cherry_pick)
		cherry_pick_list(newlist, revs);

	if (bottom) {
		limit_to_ancestry(bottom, newlist);
		free_commit_list(bottom);
	}

	revs->commits = newlist;
	return 0;
}

struct all_refs_cb {
	int all_flags;
	int warned_bad_reflog;
	struct rev_info *all_revs;
	const char *name_for_errormsg;
};

static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
{
	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
	struct object *object = get_reference(cb->all_revs, path, sha1,
					      cb->all_flags);
	add_pending_object(cb->all_revs, object, path);
	return 0;
}

static void init_all_refs_cb(struct all_refs_cb *cb, struct rev_info *revs,
	unsigned flags)
{
	cb->all_revs = revs;
	cb->all_flags = flags;
}

static void handle_refs(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags,
		int (*for_each)(each_ref_fn, void *))
{
	struct all_refs_cb cb;
	init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
	for_each(handle_one_ref, &cb);
}

static void handle_one_reflog_commit(unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data)
{
	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
	if (!is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
		if (o) {
			o->flags |= cb->all_flags;
			add_pending_object(cb->all_revs, o, "");
		}
		else if (!cb->warned_bad_reflog) {
			warning("reflog of '%s' references pruned commits",
				cb->name_for_errormsg);
			cb->warned_bad_reflog = 1;
		}
	}
}

static int handle_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
		const char *message, void *cb_data)
{
	handle_one_reflog_commit(osha1, cb_data);
	handle_one_reflog_commit(nsha1, cb_data);
	return 0;
}

static int handle_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
{
	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
	cb->warned_bad_reflog = 0;
	cb->name_for_errormsg = path;
	for_each_reflog_ent(path, handle_one_reflog_ent, cb_data);
	return 0;
}

static void handle_reflog(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
{
	struct all_refs_cb cb;
	cb.all_revs = revs;
	cb.all_flags = flags;
	for_each_reflog(handle_one_reflog, &cb);
}

static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg, int flags)
{
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	struct object *it;
	struct commit *commit;
	struct commit_list *parents;

	if (*arg == '^') {
		flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
		arg++;
	}
	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
		return 0;
	while (1) {
		it = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, 0);
		if (it->type != OBJ_TAG)
			break;
		if (!((struct tag*)it)->tagged)
			return 0;
		hashcpy(sha1, ((struct tag*)it)->tagged->sha1);
	}
	if (it->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
		return 0;
	commit = (struct commit *)it;
	for (parents = commit->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
		it = &parents->item->object;
		it->flags |= flags;
		add_pending_object(revs, it, arg);
	}
	return 1;
}

void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
{
	memset(revs, 0, sizeof(*revs));

	revs->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
	revs->ignore_merges = 1;
	revs->simplify_history = 1;
	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, RECURSIVE);
	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, QUICK);
	revs->pruning.add_remove = file_add_remove;
	revs->pruning.change = file_change;
	revs->lifo = 1;
	revs->dense = 1;
	revs->prefix = prefix;
	revs->max_age = -1;
	revs->min_age = -1;
	revs->skip_count = -1;
	revs->max_count = -1;

	revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;

	revs->grep_filter.status_only = 1;
	revs->grep_filter.pattern_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.pattern_list);
	revs->grep_filter.header_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.header_list);
	revs->grep_filter.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;

	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
	if (prefix && !revs->diffopt.prefix) {
		revs->diffopt.prefix = prefix;
		revs->diffopt.prefix_length = strlen(prefix);
	}
}

static void add_pending_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
                                    struct commit_list *commit_list,
                                    unsigned int flags)
{
	while (commit_list) {
		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
		object->flags |= flags;
		add_pending_object(revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
		commit_list = commit_list->next;
	}
}

static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	struct commit_list *bases;
	struct commit *head, *other;
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	const char **prune = NULL;
	int i, prune_num = 1; /* counting terminating NULL */

	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) || !(head = lookup_commit(sha1)))
		die("--merge without HEAD?");
	if (get_sha1("MERGE_HEAD", sha1) || !(other = lookup_commit(sha1)))
		die("--merge without MERGE_HEAD?");
	add_pending_object(revs, &head->object, "HEAD");
	add_pending_object(revs, &other->object, "MERGE_HEAD");
	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other, 1);
	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING);
	free_commit_list(bases);
	head->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;

	if (!active_nr)
		read_cache();
	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
		if (!ce_stage(ce))
			continue;
		if (ce_path_match(ce, revs->prune_data)) {
			prune_num++;
			prune = xrealloc(prune, sizeof(*prune) * prune_num);
			prune[prune_num-2] = ce->name;
			prune[prune_num-1] = NULL;
		}
		while ((i+1 < active_nr) &&
		       ce_same_name(ce, active_cache[i+1]))
			i++;
	}
	revs->prune_data = prune;
	revs->limited = 1;
}

int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,
			int flags,
			int cant_be_filename)
{
	unsigned mode;
	char *dotdot;
	struct object *object;
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	int local_flags;

	dotdot = strstr(arg, "..");
	if (dotdot) {
		unsigned char from_sha1[20];
		const char *next = dotdot + 2;
		const char *this = arg;
		int symmetric = *next == '.';
		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ UNINTERESTING;

		*dotdot = 0;
		next += symmetric;

		if (!*next)
			next = "HEAD";
		if (dotdot == arg)
			this = "HEAD";
		if (!get_sha1(this, from_sha1) &&
		    !get_sha1(next, sha1)) {
			struct commit *a, *b;
			struct commit_list *exclude;

			a = lookup_commit_reference(from_sha1);
			b = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
			if (!a || !b) {
				die(symmetric ?
				    "Invalid symmetric difference expression %s...%s" :
				    "Invalid revision range %s..%s",
				    arg, next);
			}

			if (!cant_be_filename) {
				*dotdot = '.';
				verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
			}

			if (symmetric) {
				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
				add_pending_commit_list(revs, exclude,
							flags_exclude);
				free_commit_list(exclude);
				a->object.flags |= flags | SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
			} else
				a->object.flags |= flags_exclude;
			b->object.flags |= flags;
			add_pending_object(revs, &a->object, this);
			add_pending_object(revs, &b->object, next);
			return 0;
		}
		*dotdot = '.';
	}
	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^@");
	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
		*dotdot = 0;
		if (add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags))
			return 0;
		*dotdot = '^';
	}
	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^!");
	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
		*dotdot = 0;
		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ UNINTERESTING))
			*dotdot = '^';
	}

	local_flags = 0;
	if (*arg == '^') {
		local_flags = UNINTERESTING;
		arg++;
	}
	if (get_sha1_with_mode(arg, sha1, &mode))
		return -1;
	if (!cant_be_filename)
		verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
	object = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, flags ^ local_flags);
	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, mode);
	return 0;
}

static void read_pathspec_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs, struct strbuf *sb, const char ***prune_data)
{
	const char **prune = *prune_data;
	int prune_nr;
	int prune_alloc;

	/* count existing ones */
	if (!prune)
		prune_nr = 0;
	else
		for (prune_nr = 0; prune[prune_nr]; prune_nr++)
			;
	prune_alloc = prune_nr; /* not really, but we do not know */

	while (strbuf_getwholeline(sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
		int len = sb->len;
		if (len && sb->buf[len - 1] == '\n')
			sb->buf[--len] = '\0';
		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
		prune[prune_nr++] = xstrdup(sb->buf);
	}
	if (prune) {
		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
		prune[prune_nr] = NULL;
	}
	*prune_data = prune;
}

static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs, const char ***prune)
{
	struct strbuf sb;
	int seen_dashdash = 0;

	strbuf_init(&sb, 1000);
	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
		int len = sb.len;
		if (len && sb.buf[len - 1] == '\n')
			sb.buf[--len] = '\0';
		if (!len)
			break;
		if (sb.buf[0] == '-') {
			if (len == 2 && sb.buf[1] == '-') {
				seen_dashdash = 1;
				break;
			}
			die("options not supported in --stdin mode");
		}
		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0, 1))
			die("bad revision '%s'", sb.buf);
	}
	if (seen_dashdash)
		read_pathspec_from_stdin(revs, &sb, prune);
	strbuf_release(&sb);
}

static void add_grep(struct rev_info *revs, const char *ptn, enum grep_pat_token what)
{
	append_grep_pattern(&revs->grep_filter, ptn, "command line", 0, what);
}

static void add_header_grep(struct rev_info *revs, enum grep_header_field field, const char *pattern)
{
	append_header_grep_pattern(&revs->grep_filter, field, pattern);
}

static void add_message_grep(struct rev_info *revs, const char *pattern)
{
	add_grep(revs, pattern, GREP_PATTERN_BODY);
}

static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **argv,
			       int *unkc, const char **unkv)
{
	const char *arg = argv[0];

	/* pseudo revision arguments */
	if (!strcmp(arg, "--all") || !strcmp(arg, "--branches") ||
	    !strcmp(arg, "--tags") || !strcmp(arg, "--remotes") ||
	    !strcmp(arg, "--reflog") || !strcmp(arg, "--not") ||
	    !strcmp(arg, "--no-walk") || !strcmp(arg, "--do-walk") ||
	    !strcmp(arg, "--bisect"))
	{
		unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
		return 1;
	}

	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-count=")) {
		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 12);
		revs->no_walk = 0;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--skip=")) {
		revs->skip_count = atoi(arg + 7);
	} else if ((*arg == '-') && isdigit(arg[1])) {
	/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 1);
		revs->no_walk = 0;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-n")) {
		if (argc <= 1)
			return error("-n requires an argument");
		revs->max_count = atoi(argv[1]);
		revs->no_walk = 0;
		return 2;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 2);
		revs->no_walk = 0;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-age=")) {
		revs->max_age = atoi(arg + 10);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--since=")) {
		revs->max_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--after=")) {
		revs->max_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--min-age=")) {
		revs->min_age = atoi(arg + 10);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--before=")) {
		revs->min_age = approxidate(arg + 9);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--until=")) {
		revs->min_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--first-parent")) {
		revs->first_parent_only = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ancestry-path")) {
		revs->ancestry_path = 1;
		revs->simplify_history = 0;
		revs->limited = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-g") || !strcmp(arg, "--walk-reflogs")) {
		init_reflog_walk(&revs->reflog_info);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--default")) {
		if (argc <= 1)
			return error("bad --default argument");
		revs->def = argv[1];
		return 2;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge")) {
		revs->show_merge = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--topo-order")) {
		revs->lifo = 1;
		revs->topo_order = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-merges")) {
		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
		revs->simplify_history = 0;
		revs->limited = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-by-decoration")) {
		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
		revs->simplify_history = 0;
		revs->simplify_by_decoration = 1;
		revs->limited = 1;
		revs->prune = 1;
		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--date-order")) {
		revs->lifo = 0;
		revs->topo_order = 1;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--early-output")) {
		int count = 100;
		switch (arg[14]) {
		case '=':
			count = atoi(arg+15);
			/* Fallthrough */
		case 0:
			revs->topo_order = 1;
		       revs->early_output = count;
		}
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--parents")) {
		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
		revs->print_parents = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--dense")) {
		revs->dense = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--sparse")) {
		revs->dense = 0;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-all")) {
		revs->show_all = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--remove-empty")) {
		revs->remove_empty_trees = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merges")) {
		revs->merges_only = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-merges")) {
		revs->no_merges = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--boundary")) {
		revs->boundary = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--left-right")) {
		revs->left_right = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--count")) {
		revs->count = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cherry-pick")) {
		revs->cherry_pick = 1;
		revs->limited = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--objects")) {
		revs->tag_objects = 1;
		revs->tree_objects = 1;
		revs->blob_objects = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--objects-edge")) {
		revs->tag_objects = 1;
		revs->tree_objects = 1;
		revs->blob_objects = 1;
		revs->edge_hint = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--unpacked")) {
		revs->unpacked = 1;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--unpacked=")) {
		die("--unpacked=<packfile> no longer supported.");
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-r")) {
		revs->diff = 1;
		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-t")) {
		revs->diff = 1;
		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-m")) {
		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-c")) {
		revs->diff = 1;
		revs->dense_combined_merges = 0;
		revs->combine_merges = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cc")) {
		revs->diff = 1;
		revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
		revs->combine_merges = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-v")) {
		revs->verbose_header = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pretty")) {
		revs->verbose_header = 1;
		revs->pretty_given = 1;
		get_commit_format(arg+8, revs);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pretty=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--format=")) {
		revs->verbose_header = 1;
		revs->pretty_given = 1;
		get_commit_format(arg+9, revs);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-notes")) {
		revs->show_notes = 1;
		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--show-notes=")) {
		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
		revs->show_notes = 1;
		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
		if (!revs->notes_opt.extra_notes_refs)
			revs->notes_opt.extra_notes_refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
		if (!prefixcmp(arg+13, "refs/"))
			/* happy */;
		else if (!prefixcmp(arg+13, "notes/"))
			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/");
		else
			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/notes/");
		strbuf_addstr(&buf, arg+13);
		string_list_append(revs->notes_opt.extra_notes_refs,
				   strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-notes")) {
		revs->show_notes = 0;
		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--standard-notes")) {
		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
		revs->notes_opt.suppress_default_notes = 0;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-standard-notes")) {
		revs->notes_opt.suppress_default_notes = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--oneline")) {
		revs->verbose_header = 1;
		get_commit_format("oneline", revs);
		revs->pretty_given = 1;
		revs->abbrev_commit = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--graph")) {
		revs->topo_order = 1;
		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
		revs->graph = graph_init(revs);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--root")) {
		revs->show_root_diff = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-commit-id")) {
		revs->no_commit_id = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--always")) {
		revs->always_show_header = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-abbrev")) {
		revs->abbrev = 0;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev")) {
		revs->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
		revs->abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
		if (revs->abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
			revs->abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
		else if (revs->abbrev > 40)
			revs->abbrev = 40;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev-commit")) {
		revs->abbrev_commit = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-diff")) {
		revs->diff = 1;
		revs->full_diff = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-history")) {
		revs->simplify_history = 0;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--relative-date")) {
		revs->date_mode = DATE_RELATIVE;
		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
	} else if (!strncmp(arg, "--date=", 7)) {
		revs->date_mode = parse_date_format(arg + 7);
		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--log-size")) {
		revs->show_log_size = 1;
	}
	/*
	 * Grepping the commit log
	 */
	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--author=")) {
		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR, arg+9);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--committer=")) {
		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER, arg+12);
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--grep=")) {
		add_message_grep(revs, arg+7);
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--extended-regexp") || !strcmp(arg, "-E")) {
		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--regexp-ignore-case") || !strcmp(arg, "-i")) {
		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--fixed-strings") || !strcmp(arg, "-F")) {
		revs->grep_filter.fixed = 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all-match")) {
		revs->grep_filter.all_match = 1;
	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--encoding=")) {
		arg += 11;
		if (strcmp(arg, "none"))
			git_log_output_encoding = xstrdup(arg);
		else
			git_log_output_encoding = "";
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--reverse")) {
		revs->reverse ^= 1;
	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--children")) {
		revs->children.name = "children";
		revs->limited = 1;
	} else {
		int opts = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv, argc);
		if (!opts)
			unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
		return opts;
	}

	return 1;
}

void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
			const struct option *options,
			const char * const usagestr[])
{
	int n = handle_revision_opt(revs, ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
				    &ctx->cpidx, ctx->out);
	if (n <= 0) {
		error("unknown option `%s'", ctx->argv[0]);
		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
	}
	ctx->argv += n;
	ctx->argc -= n;
}

static int for_each_bad_bisect_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
{
	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/bad", fn, cb_data);
}

static int for_each_good_bisect_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
{
	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/good", fn, cb_data);
}

static void append_prune_data(const char ***prune_data, const char **av)
{
	const char **prune = *prune_data;
	int prune_nr;
	int prune_alloc;

	if (!prune) {
		*prune_data = av;
		return;
	}

	/* count existing ones */
	for (prune_nr = 0; prune[prune_nr]; prune_nr++)
		;
	prune_alloc = prune_nr; /* not really, but we do not know */

	while (*av) {
		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
		prune[prune_nr++] = *av;
		av++;
	}
	if (prune) {
		ALLOC_GROW(prune, prune_nr+1, prune_alloc);
		prune[prune_nr] = NULL;
	}
	*prune_data = prune;
}

/*
 * Parse revision information, filling in the "rev_info" structure,
 * and removing the used arguments from the argument list.
 *
 * Returns the number of arguments left that weren't recognized
 * (which are also moved to the head of the argument list)
 */
int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
{
	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0;
	const char **prune_data = NULL;

	/* First, search for "--" */
	seen_dashdash = 0;
	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
		const char *arg = argv[i];
		if (strcmp(arg, "--"))
			continue;
		argv[i] = NULL;
		argc = i;
		if (argv[i + 1])
			prune_data = argv + i + 1;
		seen_dashdash = 1;
		break;
	}

	/* Second, deal with arguments and options */
	flags = 0;
	read_from_stdin = 0;
	for (left = i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
		const char *arg = argv[i];
		if (*arg == '-') {
			int opts;

			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_ref);
				handle_refs(revs, flags, head_ref);
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_branch_ref);
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
				handle_refs(revs, flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
				revs->bisect = 1;
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_tag_ref);
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_remote_ref);
				continue;
			}
			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=")) {
				struct all_refs_cb cb;
				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
				for_each_glob_ref(handle_one_ref, arg + 7, &cb);
				continue;
			}
			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
				struct all_refs_cb cb;
				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
				for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 11, "refs/heads/", &cb);
				continue;
			}
			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=")) {
				struct all_refs_cb cb;
				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
				for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 7, "refs/tags/", &cb);
				continue;
			}
			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=")) {
				struct all_refs_cb cb;
				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
				for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 10, "refs/remotes/", &cb);
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--reflog")) {
				handle_reflog(revs, flags);
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
				flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-walk")) {
				revs->no_walk = 1;
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--do-walk")) {
				revs->no_walk = 0;
				continue;
			}
			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stdin")) {
				if (revs->disable_stdin) {
					argv[left++] = arg;
					continue;
				}
				if (read_from_stdin++)
					die("--stdin given twice?");
				read_revisions_from_stdin(revs, &prune_data);
				continue;
			}

			opts = handle_revision_opt(revs, argc - i, argv + i, &left, argv);
			if (opts > 0) {
				i += opts - 1;
				continue;
			}
			if (opts < 0)
				exit(128);
			continue;
		}

		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, seen_dashdash)) {
			int j;
			if (seen_dashdash || *arg == '^')
				die("bad revision '%s'", arg);

			/* If we didn't have a "--":
			 * (1) all filenames must exist;
			 * (2) all rev-args must not be interpretable
			 *     as a valid filename.
			 * but the latter we have checked in the main loop.
			 */
			for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j]);

			append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i);
			break;
		}
		else
			got_rev_arg = 1;
	}

	if (prune_data)
		revs->prune_data = get_pathspec(revs->prefix, prune_data);

	if (revs->def == NULL)
		revs->def = opt ? opt->def : NULL;
	if (opt && opt->tweak)
		opt->tweak(revs, opt);
	if (revs->show_merge)
		prepare_show_merge(revs);
	if (revs->def && !revs->pending.nr && !got_rev_arg) {
		unsigned char sha1[20];
		struct object *object;
		unsigned mode;
		if (get_sha1_with_mode(revs->def, sha1, &mode))
			die("bad default revision '%s'", revs->def);
		object = get_reference(revs, revs->def, sha1, 0);
		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, mode);
	}

	/* Did the user ask for any diff output? Run the diff! */
	if (revs->diffopt.output_format & ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT)
		revs->diff = 1;

	/* Pickaxe, diff-filter and rename following need diffs */
	if (revs->diffopt.pickaxe ||
	    revs->diffopt.filter ||
	    DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
		revs->diff = 1;

	if (revs->topo_order)
		revs->limited = 1;

	if (revs->prune_data) {
		diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data, &revs->pruning);
		/* Can't prune commits with rename following: the paths change.. */
		if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
			revs->prune = 1;
		if (!revs->full_diff)
			diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data, &revs->diffopt);
	}
	if (revs->combine_merges)
		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
	revs->diffopt.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
		die("diff_setup_done failed");

	compile_grep_patterns(&revs->grep_filter);

	if (revs->reverse && revs->reflog_info)
		die("cannot combine --reverse with --walk-reflogs");
	if (revs->rewrite_parents && revs->children.name)
		die("cannot combine --parents and --children");

	/*
	 * Limitations on the graph functionality
	 */
	if (revs->reverse && revs->graph)
		die("cannot combine --reverse with --graph");

	if (revs->reflog_info && revs->graph)
		die("cannot combine --walk-reflogs with --graph");

	return left;
}

static void add_child(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *child)
{
	struct commit_list *l = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*l));

	l->item = child;
	l->next = add_decoration(&revs->children, &parent->object, l);
}

static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct commit *commit)
{
	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
	int surviving_parents;

	/* Examine existing parents while marking ones we have seen... */
	pp = &commit->parents;
	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
		struct commit *parent = p->item;
		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
			*pp = p->next;
			continue;
		}
		parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
		pp = &p->next;
	}
	/* count them while clearing the temporary mark */
	surviving_parents = 0;
	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
		surviving_parents++;
	}
	return surviving_parents;
}

struct merge_simplify_state {
	struct commit *simplified;
};

static struct merge_simplify_state *locate_simplify_state(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
{
	struct merge_simplify_state *st;

	st = lookup_decoration(&revs->merge_simplification, &commit->object);
	if (!st) {
		st = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*st));
		add_decoration(&revs->merge_simplification, &commit->object, st);
	}
	return st;
}

static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, struct commit_list **tail)
{
	struct commit_list *p;
	struct merge_simplify_state *st, *pst;
	int cnt;

	st = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit);

	/*
	 * Have we handled this one?
	 */
	if (st->simplified)
		return tail;

	/*
	 * An UNINTERESTING commit simplifies to itself, so does a
	 * root commit.  We do not rewrite parents of such commit
	 * anyway.
	 */
	if ((commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) || !commit->parents) {
		st->simplified = commit;
		return tail;
	}

	/*
	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents should be rewritten to?
	 * Otherwise we are not ready to rewrite this one yet.
	 */
	for (cnt = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
		if (!pst->simplified) {
			tail = &commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next;
			cnt++;
		}
	}
	if (cnt) {
		tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
		return tail;
	}

	/*
	 * Rewrite our list of parents.
	 */
	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
		p->item = pst->simplified;
	}
	cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);

	/*
	 * It is possible that we are a merge and one side branch
	 * does not have any commit that touches the given paths;
	 * in such a case, the immediate parents will be rewritten
	 * to different commits.
	 *
	 *      o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
	 *     /    /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
	 * ---o----'
	 *
	 * Further reduce the parents by removing redundant parents.
	 */
	if (1 < cnt) {
		struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
		cnt = commit_list_count(h);
		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
		commit->parents = h;
	}

	/*
	 * A commit simplifies to itself if it is a root, if it is
	 * UNINTERESTING, if it touches the given paths, or if it is a
	 * merge and its parents simplifies to more than one commits
	 * (the first two cases are already handled at the beginning of
	 * this function).
	 *
	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole parent simplifies to.
	 */
	if (!cnt ||
	    (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) ||
	    !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME) ||
	    (1 < cnt))
		st->simplified = commit;
	else {
		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit->parents->item);
		st->simplified = pst->simplified;
	}
	return tail;
}

static void simplify_merges(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	struct commit_list *list;
	struct commit_list *yet_to_do, **tail;

	if (!revs->topo_order)
		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
	if (!revs->prune)
		return;

	/* feed the list reversed */
	yet_to_do = NULL;
	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next)
		commit_list_insert(list->item, &yet_to_do);
	while (yet_to_do) {
		list = yet_to_do;
		yet_to_do = NULL;
		tail = &yet_to_do;
		while (list) {
			struct commit *commit = list->item;
			struct commit_list *next = list->next;
			free(list);
			list = next;
			tail = simplify_one(revs, commit, tail);
		}
	}

	/* clean up the result, removing the simplified ones */
	list = revs->commits;
	revs->commits = NULL;
	tail = &revs->commits;
	while (list) {
		struct commit *commit = list->item;
		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
		struct merge_simplify_state *st;
		free(list);
		list = next;
		st = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit);
		if (st->simplified == commit)
			tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
	}
}

static void set_children(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	struct commit_list *l;
	for (l = revs->commits; l; l = l->next) {
		struct commit *commit = l->item;
		struct commit_list *p;

		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
			add_child(revs, p->item, commit);
	}
}

int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	int nr = revs->pending.nr;
	struct object_array_entry *e, *list;

	e = list = revs->pending.objects;
	revs->pending.nr = 0;
	revs->pending.alloc = 0;
	revs->pending.objects = NULL;
	while (--nr >= 0) {
		struct commit *commit = handle_commit(revs, e->item, e->name);
		if (commit) {
			if (!(commit->object.flags & SEEN)) {
				commit->object.flags |= SEEN;
				insert_by_date(commit, &revs->commits);
			}
		}
		e++;
	}
	free(list);

	if (revs->no_walk)
		return 0;
	if (revs->limited)
		if (limit_list(revs) < 0)
			return -1;
	if (revs->topo_order)
		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
	if (revs->simplify_merges)
		simplify_merges(revs);
	if (revs->children.name)
		set_children(revs);
	return 0;
}

enum rewrite_result {
	rewrite_one_ok,
	rewrite_one_noparents,
	rewrite_one_error
};

static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp)
{
	struct commit_list *cache = NULL;

	for (;;) {
		struct commit *p = *pp;
		if (!revs->limited)
			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
				return rewrite_one_error;
		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
			return rewrite_one_ok;
		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
			return rewrite_one_ok;
		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
			return rewrite_one_ok;
		if (!p->parents)
			return rewrite_one_noparents;
		*pp = p->parents->item;
	}
}

static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
{
	struct commit_list **pp = &commit->parents;
	while (*pp) {
		struct commit_list *parent = *pp;
		switch (rewrite_one(revs, &parent->item)) {
		case rewrite_one_ok:
			break;
		case rewrite_one_noparents:
			*pp = parent->next;
			continue;
		case rewrite_one_error:
			return -1;
		}
		pp = &parent->next;
	}
	remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
	return 0;
}

static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
{
	if (!opt->grep_filter.pattern_list && !opt->grep_filter.header_list)
		return 1;
	return grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
			   NULL, /* we say nothing, not even filename */
			   commit->buffer, strlen(commit->buffer));
}

static inline int want_ancestry(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	return (revs->rewrite_parents || revs->children.name);
}

enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
{
	if (commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
		return commit_ignore;
	if (revs->unpacked && has_sha1_pack(commit->object.sha1))
		return commit_ignore;
	if (revs->show_all)
		return commit_show;
	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
		return commit_ignore;
	if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
		return commit_ignore;
	if (revs->no_merges && commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
		return commit_ignore;
	if (revs->merges_only && !(commit->parents && commit->parents->next))
		return commit_ignore;
	if (!commit_match(commit, revs))
		return commit_ignore;
	if (revs->prune && revs->dense) {
		/* Commit without changes? */
		if (commit->object.flags & TREESAME) {
			/* drop merges unless we want parenthood */
			if (!want_ancestry(revs))
				return commit_ignore;
			/* non-merge - always ignore it */
			if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
				return commit_ignore;
		}
	}
	return commit_show;
}

enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
{
	enum commit_action action = get_commit_action(revs, commit);

	if (action == commit_show &&
	    !revs->show_all &&
	    revs->prune && revs->dense && want_ancestry(revs)) {
		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit) < 0)
			return commit_error;
	}
	return action;
}

static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	if (!revs->commits)
		return NULL;

	do {
		struct commit_list *entry = revs->commits;
		struct commit *commit = entry->item;

		revs->commits = entry->next;
		free(entry);

		if (revs->reflog_info)
			fake_reflog_parent(revs->reflog_info, commit);

		/*
		 * If we haven't done the list limiting, we need to look at
		 * the parents here. We also need to do the date-based limiting
		 * that we'd otherwise have done in limit_list().
		 */
		if (!revs->limited) {
			if (revs->max_age != -1 &&
			    (commit->date < revs->max_age))
				continue;
			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0)
				die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
				    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
		}

		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
		case commit_ignore:
			continue;
		case commit_error:
			die("Failed to simplify parents of commit %s",
			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
		default:
			return commit;
		}
	} while (revs->commits);
	return NULL;
}

static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
{
	unsigned nr = array->nr;
	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;

	if (alloc <= nr) {
		unsigned i, j;
		for (i = j = 0; i < nr; i++) {
			if (objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)
				continue;
			if (i != j)
				objects[j] = objects[i];
			j++;
		}
		for (i = j; i < nr; i++)
			objects[i].item = NULL;
		array->nr = j;
	}
}

static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	unsigned i;
	struct commit *c;
	struct object_array *array = &revs->boundary_commits;
	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;

	/*
	 * If revs->commits is non-NULL at this point, an error occurred in
	 * get_revision_1().  Ignore the error and continue printing the
	 * boundary commits anyway.  (This is what the code has always
	 * done.)
	 */
	if (revs->commits) {
		free_commit_list(revs->commits);
		revs->commits = NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * Put all of the actual boundary commits from revs->boundary_commits
	 * into revs->commits
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++) {
		c = (struct commit *)(objects[i].item);
		if (!c)
			continue;
		if (!(c->object.flags & CHILD_SHOWN))
			continue;
		if (c->object.flags & (SHOWN | BOUNDARY))
			continue;
		c->object.flags |= BOUNDARY;
		commit_list_insert(c, &revs->commits);
	}

	/*
	 * If revs->topo_order is set, sort the boundary commits
	 * in topological order
	 */
	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
}

static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	struct commit *c = NULL;
	struct commit_list *l;

	if (revs->boundary == 2) {
		/*
		 * All of the normal commits have already been returned,
		 * and we are now returning boundary commits.
		 * create_boundary_commit_list() has populated
		 * revs->commits with the remaining commits to return.
		 */
		c = pop_commit(&revs->commits);
		if (c)
			c->object.flags |= SHOWN;
		return c;
	}

	/*
	 * Now pick up what they want to give us
	 */
	c = get_revision_1(revs);
	if (c) {
		while (0 < revs->skip_count) {
			revs->skip_count--;
			c = get_revision_1(revs);
			if (!c)
				break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Check the max_count.
	 */
	switch (revs->max_count) {
	case -1:
		break;
	case 0:
		c = NULL;
		break;
	default:
		revs->max_count--;
	}

	if (c)
		c->object.flags |= SHOWN;

	if (!revs->boundary) {
		return c;
	}

	if (!c) {
		/*
		 * get_revision_1() runs out the commits, and
		 * we are done computing the boundaries.
		 * switch to boundary commits output mode.
		 */
		revs->boundary = 2;

		/*
		 * Update revs->commits to contain the list of
		 * boundary commits.
		 */
		create_boundary_commit_list(revs);

		return get_revision_internal(revs);
	}

	/*
	 * boundary commits are the commits that are parents of the
	 * ones we got from get_revision_1() but they themselves are
	 * not returned from get_revision_1().  Before returning
	 * 'c', we need to mark its parents that they could be boundaries.
	 */

	for (l = c->parents; l; l = l->next) {
		struct object *p;
		p = &(l->item->object);
		if (p->flags & (CHILD_SHOWN | SHOWN))
			continue;
		p->flags |= CHILD_SHOWN;
		gc_boundary(&revs->boundary_commits);
		add_object_array(p, NULL, &revs->boundary_commits);
	}

	return c;
}

struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs)
{
	struct commit *c;
	struct commit_list *reversed;

	if (revs->reverse) {
		reversed = NULL;
		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs))) {
			commit_list_insert(c, &reversed);
		}
		revs->commits = reversed;
		revs->reverse = 0;
		revs->reverse_output_stage = 1;
	}

	if (revs->reverse_output_stage)
		return pop_commit(&revs->commits);

	c = get_revision_internal(revs);
	if (c && revs->graph)
		graph_update(revs->graph, c);
	return c;
}