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# 概述 | ||
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[并行计算介绍,劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室](https://hpc.llnl.gov/documentation/tutorials/introduction-parallel-computing-tutorial) 对并行计算有较详细介绍,主要用于科学与工程领域,包括: | ||
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- 大气科学、地球科学、环境科学等; | ||
- 物理学 -- 应用物理学、核物理、粒子物理、凝聚态物质科学、高压、聚变、光子学; | ||
- 生物科学、生物技术、基因科学; | ||
- 化学、分子科学; | ||
- 地质科学、地震科学; | ||
- 机械工程 -- 从义肢到航天飞机; | ||
- 电子工程、电路设计、微电子; | ||
- 计算机科学、数学; | ||
- 防务、武器设计。 | ||
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并行计算主要用到消息传递接口标准,Message Passing Interface, MPI,开放实现为 [OpenMPI](https://www.open-mpi.org/),达到多机并行计算时相互之间通信目的。此外,随着 GPGPU、ASIC 与 FPGA 计算的出现和发展成熟,高性能计算呈现异构、混合形态,参考 [HPC 编程模型、编译器,性能分析](https://hpc-lr.umontpellier.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/5_HPC_SystemArchitecture_ProgrammingModels_Compilers.pdf)。 | ||
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## `Environment Modules` 工具 | ||
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[IBM LSF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Spectrum_LSF) 与 [Open MPI](https://www.open-mpi.org/) 都要用到这个 [Environment Modules 工具](https://modules.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)。本小节将介绍此工具原理与用法。 | ||
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在 ArchLinux 系统(Manjaro)上安装 Environment Modules: | ||
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```console | ||
$ yay -S env-modules | ||
``` | ||
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## 关于 IBM LSF | ||
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IBM Spectrum LSF, spectrum, 光谱、谱系,LSF,load sharing facility, 负载分配设施。 | ||
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- [IBM 红皮书:IBM Spetrum LSF 套装:安装最佳实践](https://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp5572.pdf) | ||
- [IBM Spectrum MPI: 安装文档](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/SSZTET_EOS/eos/install_101.pdf) |