api: add basic jwt support with required scope

[BeryJu]

allow API access with JWT refreshtokens if they have the correct scope

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2624 (caddf57) into main (768f073) will increase coverage by 0.19%.
The diff coverage is 98.02%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2624      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.92%   92.10%   +0.19%     
==========================================
  Files         466      466              
  Lines       21032    21110      +78     
==========================================
+ Hits        19331    19441     +110     
+ Misses       1701     1669      -32     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
authentik/api/authentication.py	94.92% <86.67%> (-1.16%)	⬇️
authentik/api/tests/test_auth.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
authentik/flows/challenge.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
authentik/providers/oauth2/constants.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
authentik/providers/oauth2/views/userinfo.py	93.66% <100.00%> (+0.32%)	⬆️
authentik/stages/consent/api.py	97.37% <100.00%> (ø)
authentik/stages/consent/models.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
authentik/stages/consent/stage.py	94.03% <100.00%> (+12.55%)	⬆️
authentik/stages/consent/tests.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
authentik/outposts/tasks.py	79.32% <0.00%> (+1.15%)	⬆️
... and 6 more

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