PeepholeRemoveDeadCode.java

/*
 * Copyright 2004 The Closure Compiler Authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.javascript.jscomp;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;

import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.IR;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.TernaryValue;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * Peephole optimization to remove useless code such as IF's with false
 * guard conditions, comma operator left hand sides with no side effects, etc.
 *
 */
class PeepholeRemoveDeadCode extends AbstractPeepholeOptimization {

  private static final Predicate<Node> IS_UNNAMED_BREAK_PREDICATE = new Predicate<Node>() {
    @Override
    public boolean apply(Node node) {
      return node.isBreak() && !node.hasChildren();
    }
  };

  private static final Predicate<Node> IS_UNNAMED_CONTINUE_PREDICATE = new Predicate<Node>() {
    @Override
    public boolean apply(Node node) {
      return node.isContinue() && !node.hasChildren();
    }
  };

  private static final Predicate<Node> CAN_CONTAIN_BREAK_PREDICATE = new Predicate<Node>() {
    @Override
    public boolean apply(Node node) {
      return !IR.mayBeExpression(node) // Functions are not visited
          && !NodeUtil.isLoopStructure(node)
          && !node.isSwitch();
    }
  };

  private static final Predicate<Node> CAN_CONTAIN_CONTINUE_PREDICATE = new Predicate<Node>() {
    @Override
    public boolean apply(Node node) {
      return !IR.mayBeExpression(node) // Functions are not visited
          && !NodeUtil.isLoopStructure(node);
    }
  };

  // TODO(dcc): Some (all) of these can probably be better achieved
  // using the control flow graph (like CheckUnreachableCode).
  // There is an existing CFG pass (UnreachableCodeElimination) that
  // could be changed to use code from CheckUnreachableCode to do this.

  @Override
  Node optimizeSubtree(Node subtree) {
    switch (subtree.getToken()) {
      case ASSIGN:
        return tryFoldAssignment(subtree);
      case COMMA:
        return tryFoldComma(subtree);
      case SCRIPT:
      case BLOCK:
        return tryOptimizeBlock(subtree);
      case EXPR_RESULT:
        subtree = tryFoldExpr(subtree);
        return subtree;
      case HOOK:
        return tryFoldHook(subtree);
      case SWITCH:
        return tryOptimizeSwitch(subtree);
      case IF:
        return tryFoldIf(subtree);
      case WHILE:
        return tryFoldWhile(subtree);
      case FOR:
        {
          Node condition = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(subtree);
          if (condition != null) {
            tryFoldForCondition(condition);
          }
          return tryFoldFor(subtree);
        }
      case DO:
        Node foldedDo = tryFoldDoAway(subtree);
        if (foldedDo.isDo()) {
          return tryFoldEmptyDo(foldedDo);
        }
        return foldedDo;

      case TRY:
        return tryFoldTry(subtree);
      case LABEL:
        return tryFoldLabel(subtree);
      default:
          return subtree;
    }
  }

  private Node tryFoldLabel(Node n) {
    String labelName = n.getFirstChild().getString();
    Node stmt = n.getLastChild();
    if (stmt.isEmpty() || (stmt.isNormalBlock() && !stmt.hasChildren())) {
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(n);
      n.detach();
      return null;
    }

    Node child = getOnlyInterestingChild(stmt);
    if (child != null) {
      stmt = child;
    }
    if (stmt.isBreak() && stmt.getFirstChild().getString().equals(labelName)) {
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(n);
      n.detach();
      return null;
    }
    return n;
  }

  /**
   * Return the only "interesting" child of {@code block}, if it has exactly one interesting child,
   * otherwise return null. For purposes of this method, a node is considered "interesting" unless
   * it is an empty synthetic block.
   */
  @Nullable
  private static Node getOnlyInterestingChild(Node block) {
    if (!block.isNormalBlock()) {
      return null;
    }
    if (block.hasOneChild()) {
      return block.getOnlyChild();
    }

    Node ret = null;
    for (Node child : block.children()) {
      if (child.isSyntheticBlock() && !child.hasChildren()) {
        // Uninteresting child.
      } else if (ret != null) {
        // Found more than one interesting child.
        return null;
      } else {
        ret = child;
      }
    }
    return ret;
  }

  /**
   * Remove try blocks without catch blocks and with empty or not
   * existent finally blocks.
   * Or, only leave the finally blocks if try body blocks are empty
   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
   */
  private Node tryFoldTry(Node n) {
    checkState(n.isTry(), n);
    Node body = n.getFirstChild();
    Node catchBlock = body.getNext();
    Node finallyBlock = catchBlock.getNext();

    // Removes TRYs that had its CATCH removed and/or empty FINALLY.
    if (!catchBlock.hasChildren() && (finallyBlock == null || !finallyBlock.hasChildren())) {
      n.removeChild(body);
      n.replaceWith(body);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(body);
      return body;
    }

    // Only leave FINALLYs if TRYs are empty
    if (!body.hasChildren()) {
      NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(catchBlock);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(n);
      if (finallyBlock != null) {
        n.removeChild(finallyBlock);
        n.replaceWith(finallyBlock);
      } else {
        n.detach();
      }
      return finallyBlock;
    }

    return n;
  }

  /**
   * Try removing identity assignments
   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
   */
  private Node tryFoldAssignment(Node subtree) {
    checkState(subtree.isAssign());
    Node left = subtree.getFirstChild();
    Node right = subtree.getLastChild();
    // Only names
    if (left.isName()
        && right.isName()
        && left.getString().equals(right.getString())) {
      subtree.replaceWith(right.detach());
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(right);
      return right;
    }
    return subtree;
  }

  /**
   * Try folding EXPR_RESULT nodes by removing useless Ops and expressions.
   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
   */
  private Node tryFoldExpr(Node subtree) {
    Node result = trySimplifyUnusedResult(subtree.getFirstChild());
    if (result == null) {
      Node parent = subtree.getParent();
      // If the EXPR_RESULT no longer has any children, remove it as well.
      if (parent.isLabel()) {
        Node replacement = IR.block().srcref(subtree);
        parent.replaceChild(subtree, replacement);
        subtree = replacement;
      } else {
        subtree.detach();
        subtree = null;
      }
    }
    return subtree;
  }

  /**
   * General cascading unused operation node removal.
   * @param n The root of the expression to simplify.
   * @return The replacement node, or null if the node was is not useful.
   */
  private Node trySimplifyUnusedResult(Node n) {
    return trySimplifyUnusedResult(n, true);
  }

  /**
   * General cascading unused operation node removal.
   * @param n The root of the expression to simplify.
   * @param removeUnused If true, the node is removed from the AST if
   *     it is not useful, otherwise it replaced with an EMPTY node.
   * @return The replacement node, or null if the node was is not useful.
   */
  private Node trySimplifyUnusedResult(Node n, boolean removeUnused) {
    Node result = n;

    // Simplify the results of conditional expressions
    switch (n.getToken()) {
      case HOOK:
        Node trueNode = trySimplifyUnusedResult(n.getSecondChild());
        Node falseNode = trySimplifyUnusedResult(n.getLastChild());
        // If one or more of the conditional children were removed,
        // transform the HOOK to an equivalent operation:
        //    x() ? foo() : 1 --> x() && foo()
        //    x() ? 1 : foo() --> x() || foo()
        //    x() ? 1 : 1 --> x()
        //    x ? 1 : 1 --> null
        if (trueNode == null && falseNode != null) {
          n.setToken(Token.OR);
          checkState(n.hasTwoChildren(), n);
        } else if (trueNode != null && falseNode == null) {
          n.setToken(Token.AND);
          checkState(n.hasTwoChildren(), n);
        } else if (trueNode == null && falseNode == null) {
          result = trySimplifyUnusedResult(n.getFirstChild());
        } else {
          // The structure didn't change.
          result = n;
        }
        break;
      case AND:
      case OR:
        // Try to remove the second operand from a AND or OR operations:
        //    x() || f --> x()
        //    x() && f --> x()
        Node conditionalResultNode = trySimplifyUnusedResult(n.getLastChild());
        if (conditionalResultNode == null) {
          checkState(n.hasOneChild(), n);
          // The conditionally executed code was removed, so
          // replace the AND/OR with its LHS or remove it if it isn't useful.
          result = trySimplifyUnusedResult(n.getFirstChild());
        }
        break;
      case FUNCTION:
        // A function expression isn't useful if it isn't used, remove it and
        // don't bother to look at its children.
        result = null;
        break;
      case COMMA:
        // We rewrite other operations as COMMA expressions (which will later
        // get split into individual EXPR_RESULT statement, if possible), so
        // we special case COMMA (we don't want to rewrite COMMAs as new COMMAs
        // nodes.
        Node left = trySimplifyUnusedResult(n.getFirstChild());
        Node right = trySimplifyUnusedResult(n.getLastChild());
        if (left == null && right == null) {
          result = null;
        } else if (left == null) {
          result = right;
        } else if (right == null){
          result = left;
        } else {
          // The structure didn't change.
          result = n;
        }
        break;
      default:
        if (!nodeTypeMayHaveSideEffects(n)) {
          // This is the meat of this function. The node itself doesn't generate
          // any side-effects but preserve any side-effects in the children.
          Node resultList = null;
          for (Node next, c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; c = next) {
            next = c.getNext();
            c = trySimplifyUnusedResult(c);
            if (c != null) {
              c.detach();
              if (resultList == null)  {
                // The first side-effect can be used stand-alone.
                resultList = c;
              } else {
                // Leave the side-effects in-place, simplifying it to a COMMA
                // expression.
                resultList = IR.comma(resultList, c).srcref(c);
              }
            }
          }
          result = resultList;
        }
    }

    // Fix up the AST, replace or remove the an unused node (if requested).
    if (n != result) {
      Node parent = n.getParent();
      if (result == null) {
        if (removeUnused) {
          parent.removeChild(n);
          NodeUtil.markFunctionsDeleted(n, compiler);
        } else {
          result = IR.empty().srcref(n);
          parent.replaceChild(n, result);
        }
      } else {
        // A new COMMA expression may not have an existing parent.
        if (result.getParent() != null) {
          result.detach();
        }
        n.replaceWith(result);
      }
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);
    }

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * A predicate for matching anything except function nodes.
   */
  private static class MatchUnnamedBreak implements Predicate<Node>{
    @Override
    public boolean apply(Node n) {
      return n.isBreak() && !n.hasChildren();
    }
  }

  static final Predicate<Node> MATCH_UNNAMED_BREAK = new MatchUnnamedBreak();

  private void removeIfUnnamedBreak(Node maybeBreak) {
    if (maybeBreak != null && maybeBreak.isBreak() && !maybeBreak.hasChildren()) {
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(maybeBreak);
      maybeBreak.detach();
    }
  }

  private Node tryRemoveSwitchWithSingleCase(Node n, boolean shouldHoistCondition) {
    Node caseBlock = n.getLastChild().getLastChild();
    removeIfUnnamedBreak(caseBlock.getLastChild());
    // Back off if the switch contains statements like "if (a) { break; }"
    if (NodeUtil.has(caseBlock, MATCH_UNNAMED_BREAK, NodeUtil.MATCH_NOT_FUNCTION)) {
      return n;
    }
    if (shouldHoistCondition) {
      Node switchBlock = caseBlock.getGrandparent();
      switchBlock.getParent().addChildAfter(
          IR.exprResult(n.removeFirstChild()).srcref(n), switchBlock.getPrevious());
    }
    n.replaceWith(caseBlock.detach());
    compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(caseBlock);
    return caseBlock;
  }

  private Node tryRemoveSwitch(Node n) {
    if (n.hasOneChild()) {
      // Remove the switch if there are no remaining cases
      Node condition = n.removeFirstChild();
      Node replacement = IR.exprResult(condition).srcref(n);
      n.replaceWith(replacement);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(replacement);
      return replacement;
    } else if (n.hasTwoChildren() && n.getLastChild().isDefaultCase()) {
      if (n.getFirstChild().isCall()) {
        return tryRemoveSwitchWithSingleCase(n, true);
      } else {
        return tryRemoveSwitchWithSingleCase(n, false);
      }
    } else {
      return n;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Remove useless switches and cases.
   */
  private Node tryOptimizeSwitch(Node n) {
    checkState(n.isSwitch(), n);

    Node defaultCase = tryOptimizeDefaultCase(n);

    // Generally, it is unsafe to remove other cases when the default case is not the last one.
    if (defaultCase == null || n.getLastChild().isDefaultCase()) {
      Node cond = n.getFirstChild();
      Node prev = null;
      Node next = null;
      Node cur;

      for (cur = cond.getNext(); cur != null; cur = next) {
        next = cur.getNext();
        if (!mayHaveSideEffects(cur.getFirstChild()) && isUselessCase(cur, prev, defaultCase)) {
          removeCase(n, cur);
        } else {
          prev = cur;
        }
      }

      // Optimize switches with constant condition
      if (NodeUtil.isLiteralValue(cond, false)) {
        Node caseLabel;
        TernaryValue caseMatches = TernaryValue.TRUE;
        // Remove cases until you find one that may match
        for (cur = cond.getNext(); cur != null; cur = next) {
          next = cur.getNext();
          caseLabel = cur.getFirstChild();
          caseMatches = PeepholeFoldConstants.evaluateComparison(Token.SHEQ, cond, caseLabel);
          if (caseMatches == TernaryValue.TRUE) {
            break;
          } else if (caseMatches == TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
            break;
          } else {
            removeCase(n, cur);
          }
        }
        if (cur != null && caseMatches == TernaryValue.TRUE) {
          // Skip cases until you find one whose last stm is a removable break
          Node matchingCase = cur;
          Node matchingCaseBlock = matchingCase.getLastChild();
          while (cur != null) {
            Node block = cur.getLastChild();
            Node lastStm = block.getLastChild();
            boolean isLastStmRemovableBreak = false;
            if (lastStm != null && isExit(lastStm)) {
              removeIfUnnamedBreak(lastStm);
              isLastStmRemovableBreak = true;
            }
            next = cur.getNext();
            // Remove the fallthrough case labels
            if (cur != matchingCase) {
              while (block.hasChildren()) {
                matchingCaseBlock.addChildToBack(block.getFirstChild().detach());
              }
              compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(cur);
              cur.detach();
            }
            cur = next;
            if (isLastStmRemovableBreak) {
              break;
            }
          }

          // Remove any remaining cases
          for (; cur != null; cur = next) {
            next = cur.getNext();
            removeCase(n, cur);
          }
          // If there is one case left, we may be able to fold it
          cur = cond.getNext();
          if (cur != null && cur.getNext() == null) {
            return tryRemoveSwitchWithSingleCase(n, false);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return tryRemoveSwitch(n);
  }

  /**
   * @return the default case node or null if there is no default case or
   *     if the default case is removed.
   */
  private Node tryOptimizeDefaultCase(Node n) {
    checkState(n.isSwitch(), n);

    Node lastNonRemovable = n.getFirstChild();  // The switch condition

    // The first child is the switch conditions skip it when looking for cases.
    for (Node c = n.getSecondChild(); c != null; c = c.getNext()) {
      if (c.isDefaultCase()) {
        // Remove cases that fall-through to the default case
        Node caseToRemove = lastNonRemovable.getNext();
        for (Node next; caseToRemove != c; caseToRemove = next) {
          next = caseToRemove.getNext();
          removeCase(n, caseToRemove);
        }

        // Don't use the switch condition as the previous case.
        Node prevCase = (lastNonRemovable == n.getFirstChild())
            ? null : lastNonRemovable;

        // Remove the default case if we can
        if (isUselessCase(c, prevCase, c)) {
          removeCase(n, c);
          return null;
        }
        return c;
      } else {
        checkState(c.isCase());
        if (c.getLastChild().hasChildren()
            || mayHaveSideEffects(c.getFirstChild())) {
          lastNonRemovable = c;
        }
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Remove the case from the switch redeclaring any variables declared in it.
   * @param caseNode The case to remove.
   */
  private void removeCase(Node switchNode, Node caseNode) {
    NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(caseNode);
    switchNode.removeChild(caseNode);
    compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(switchNode);
  }

  /**
   * The function assumes that when checking a CASE node there is no DEFAULT_CASE node in the
   * SWITCH, or the DEFAULT_CASE is the last case in the SWITCH.
   *
   * @return Whether the CASE or DEFAULT_CASE block does anything useful.
   */
  private boolean isUselessCase(
      Node caseNode, @Nullable Node previousCase, @Nullable Node defaultCase) {
    checkState(previousCase == null || previousCase.getNext() == caseNode);
    // A case isn't useless if a previous case falls through to it unless it happens to be the last
    // case in the switch.
    Node switchNode = caseNode.getParent();
    if (switchNode.getLastChild() != caseNode
        && previousCase != null) {
      Node previousBlock = previousCase.getLastChild();
      if (!previousBlock.hasChildren()
          || !isExit(previousBlock.getLastChild())) {
        return false;
      }
    }

    Node executingCase = caseNode;
    while (executingCase != null) {
      checkState(executingCase.isDefaultCase() || executingCase.isCase());
      // We only expect a DEFAULT case if the case we are checking is the
      // DEFAULT case.  Otherwise, we assume the DEFAULT case has already
      // been removed.
      checkState(caseNode == executingCase || !executingCase.isDefaultCase());
      Node block = executingCase.getLastChild();
      checkState(block.isNormalBlock());
      if (block.hasChildren()) {
        for (Node blockChild : block.children()) {
          // If this is a block with a labelless break, it is useless.
          switch (blockChild.getToken()) {
            case BREAK:
              // A case with a single labelless break is useless if it is the default case or if
              // there is no default case. A break to a different control structure isn't useless.
              return !blockChild.hasChildren()
                  && (defaultCase == null || defaultCase == executingCase);
            case VAR:
              if (blockChild.hasOneChild()
                  && blockChild.getFirstFirstChild() == null) {
                // Variable declarations without initializations are OK.
                continue;
              }
              return false;
            default:
              return false;
          }
        }
      }
      // Look at the fallthrough case
      executingCase = executingCase.getNext();
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @return Whether the node is an obvious control flow exit.
   */
  private static boolean isExit(Node n) {
    switch (n.getToken()) {
      case BREAK:
      case CONTINUE:
      case RETURN:
      case THROW:
        return true;
      default:
        return false;
    }
  }

  private Node tryFoldComma(Node n) {
    // If the left side does nothing replace the comma with the result.
    Node parent = n.getParent();
    Node left = n.getFirstChild();
    Node right = left.getNext();

    left = trySimplifyUnusedResult(left);
    if (left == null || !mayHaveSideEffects(left)) {
      // Fold it!
      n.removeChild(right);
      parent.replaceChild(n, right);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);
      return right;
    }
    return n;
  }

  /**
   * Try removing unneeded block nodes and their useless children
   */
  Node tryOptimizeBlock(Node n) {
    // Remove any useless children
    for (Node c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; ) {
      Node next = c.getNext();  // save c.next, since 'c' may be removed
      if (!isUnremovableNode(c) && !mayHaveSideEffects(c)) {
        // TODO(johnlenz): determine what this is actually removing. Candidates
        //    include: EMPTY nodes, control structures without children
        //    (removing infinite loops), empty try blocks.  What else?
        n.removeChild(c);
        compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(n);
        NodeUtil.markFunctionsDeleted(c, compiler);
      } else {
        tryOptimizeConditionalAfterAssign(c);
      }
      c = next;
    }

    if (n.isSyntheticBlock() || n.isScript() || n.getParent() == null) {
      return n;
    }

    // Try to remove the block.
    Node parent = n.getParent();
    if (NodeUtil.tryMergeBlock(n, false)) {
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);
      return null;
    }

    return n;
  }

  /**
   * Some nodes that are unremovable don't have side effects so they aren't caught by
   * mayHaveSideEffects
   */
  private static boolean isUnremovableNode(Node n) {
    return (n.isNormalBlock() && n.isSyntheticBlock()) || n.isScript();
  }

  // TODO(johnlenz): Consider moving this to a separate peephole pass.
  /**
   * Attempt to replace the condition of if or hook immediately that is a
   * reference to a name that is assigned immediately before.
   */
  private void tryOptimizeConditionalAfterAssign(Node n) {
    Node next = n.getNext();

    // Look for patterns like the following and replace the if-condition with
    // a constant value so it can later be folded:
    //   var a = /a/;
    //   if (a) {foo(a)}
    // or
    //   a = 0;
    //   a ? foo(a) : c;
    // or
    //   a = 0;
    //   a || foo(a);
    // or
    //   a = 0;
    //   a && foo(a)
    //
    // TODO(johnlenz): This would be better handled by control-flow sensitive
    // constant propagation. As the other case that I want to handle is:
    //   i=0; for(;i<0;i++){}
    // as right now nothing facilitates removing a loop like that.
    // This is here simply to remove the cruft left behind goog.userAgent and
    // similar cases.

    if (isSimpleAssignment(n) && isConditionalStatement(next)) {
      Node lhsAssign = getSimpleAssignmentName(n);

      Node condition = getConditionalStatementCondition(next);
      if (lhsAssign.isName() && condition.isName()
          && lhsAssign.getString().equals(condition.getString())) {
        Node rhsAssign = getSimpleAssignmentValue(n);
        TernaryValue value = NodeUtil.getImpureBooleanValue(rhsAssign);
        if (value != TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
          Node replacementConditionNode =
              NodeUtil.booleanNode(value.toBoolean(true));
          condition.replaceWith(replacementConditionNode);
          compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(replacementConditionNode);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @return whether the node is a assignment to a simple name, or simple var
   * declaration with initialization.
   */
  private static boolean isSimpleAssignment(Node n) {
    // For our purposes we define a simple assignment to be a assignment
    // to a NAME node, or a VAR declaration with one child and a initializer.
    if (NodeUtil.isExprAssign(n)
        && n.getFirstFirstChild().isName()) {
      return true;
    } else if (NodeUtil.isNameDeclaration(n) && n.hasOneChild() && n.getFirstFirstChild() != null) {
      return true;
    }

    return false;
  }

  /**
   * @return The name being assigned to.
   */
  private Node getSimpleAssignmentName(Node n) {
    checkState(isSimpleAssignment(n));
    if (NodeUtil.isExprAssign(n)) {
      return n.getFirstFirstChild();
    } else {
      // A var declaration.
      return n.getFirstChild();
    }
  }

  /**
   * @return The value assigned in the simple assignment
   */
  private Node getSimpleAssignmentValue(Node n) {
    checkState(isSimpleAssignment(n));
    return n.getFirstChild().getLastChild();
  }

  /**
   * @return Whether the node is a conditional statement.
   */
  private boolean isConditionalStatement(Node n) {
    // We defined a conditional statement to be a IF or EXPR_RESULT rooted with
    // a HOOK, AND, or OR node.
    return n != null && (n.isIf() || isExprConditional(n));
  }

  /**
   * @return Whether the node is a rooted with a HOOK, AND, or OR node.
   */
  private static boolean isExprConditional(Node n) {
    if (n.isExprResult()) {
      switch (n.getFirstChild().getToken()) {
        case HOOK:
        case AND:
        case OR:
          return true;
        default:
          break;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * @return The condition of a conditional statement.
   */
  private Node getConditionalStatementCondition(Node n) {
    if (n.isIf()) {
      return NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
    } else {
      checkState(isExprConditional(n));
      return n.getFirstFirstChild();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Try folding IF nodes by removing dead branches.
   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
   */
  private Node tryFoldIf(Node n) {
    checkState(n.isIf(), n);
    Node parent = n.getParent();
    checkNotNull(parent);
    Token type = n.getToken();
    Node cond = n.getFirstChild();
    Node thenBody = cond.getNext();
    Node elseBody = thenBody.getNext();

    // if (x) { .. } else { } --> if (x) { ... }
    if (elseBody != null && !mayHaveSideEffects(elseBody)) {
      n.removeChild(elseBody);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(n);
      elseBody = null;
    }

    // if (x) { } else { ... } --> if (!x) { ... }
    if (!mayHaveSideEffects(thenBody) && elseBody != null) {
      n.removeChild(elseBody);
      n.replaceChild(thenBody, elseBody);
      Node notCond = new Node(Token.NOT);
      n.replaceChild(cond, notCond);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(n);
      notCond.addChildToFront(cond);
      cond = notCond;
      thenBody = cond.getNext();
      elseBody = null;
    }

    // if (x()) { }
    if (!mayHaveSideEffects(thenBody) && elseBody == null) {
      if (mayHaveSideEffects(cond)) {
        // x() has side effects, just leave the condition on its own.
        n.removeChild(cond);
        Node replacement = NodeUtil.newExpr(cond);
        parent.replaceChild(n, replacement);
        compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);
        return replacement;
      } else {
        // x() has no side effects, the whole tree is useless now.
        NodeUtil.removeChild(parent, n);
        compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);
        return null;
      }
    }

    // Try transforms that apply to both IF and HOOK.
    TernaryValue condValue = NodeUtil.getImpureBooleanValue(cond);
    if (condValue == TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
      return n;  // We can't remove branches otherwise!
    }

    if (mayHaveSideEffects(cond)) {
      // Transform "if (a = 2) {x =2}" into "if (true) {a=2;x=2}"
      boolean newConditionValue = condValue == TernaryValue.TRUE;
      // Add an elseBody if it is needed.
      if (!newConditionValue && elseBody == null) {
        elseBody = IR.block().srcref(n);
        n.addChildToBack(elseBody);
      }
      Node newCond = NodeUtil.booleanNode(newConditionValue);
      n.replaceChild(cond, newCond);
      Node branchToKeep = newConditionValue ? thenBody : elseBody;
      branchToKeep.addChildToFront(IR.exprResult(cond).srcref(cond));
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(branchToKeep);
      cond = newCond;
    }

    boolean condTrue = condValue.toBoolean(true);
    if (n.hasTwoChildren()) {
      checkState(type == Token.IF);

      if (condTrue) {
        // Replace "if (true) { X }" with "X".
        Node thenStmt = n.getSecondChild();
        n.removeChild(thenStmt);
        parent.replaceChild(n, thenStmt);
        compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(thenStmt);
        return thenStmt;
      } else {
        // Remove "if (false) { X }" completely.
        NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(n);
        NodeUtil.removeChild(parent, n);
        compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);
        NodeUtil.markFunctionsDeleted(n, compiler);
        return null;
      }
    } else {
      // Replace "if (true) { X } else { Y }" with X, or
      // replace "if (false) { X } else { Y }" with Y.
      Node trueBranch = n.getSecondChild();
      Node falseBranch = trueBranch.getNext();
      Node branchToKeep = condTrue ? trueBranch : falseBranch;
      Node branchToRemove = condTrue ? falseBranch : trueBranch;
      NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(branchToRemove);
      n.removeChild(branchToKeep);
      parent.replaceChild(n, branchToKeep);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(branchToKeep);
      NodeUtil.markFunctionsDeleted(n, compiler);
      return branchToKeep;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Try folding HOOK (?:) if the condition results of the condition is known.
   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
   */
  private Node tryFoldHook(Node n) {
    checkState(n.isHook(), n);
    Node parent = n.getParent();
    checkNotNull(parent);
    Node cond = n.getFirstChild();
    Node thenBody = cond.getNext();
    Node elseBody = thenBody.getNext();

    TernaryValue condValue = NodeUtil.getImpureBooleanValue(cond);
    if (condValue == TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
      // If the result nodes are equivalent, then one of the nodes can be
      // removed and it doesn't matter which.
      if (!areNodesEqualForInlining(thenBody, elseBody)) {
        return n;  // We can't remove branches otherwise!
      }
    }

    // Transform "(a = 2) ? x =2 : y" into "a=2,x=2"
    Node branchToKeep;
    Node branchToRemove;
    if (condValue.toBoolean(true)) {
      branchToKeep = thenBody;
      branchToRemove = elseBody;
    } else {
      branchToKeep = elseBody;
      branchToRemove = thenBody;
    }

    Node replacement;
    boolean condHasSideEffects = mayHaveSideEffects(cond);
    // Must detach after checking for side effects, to ensure that the parents
    // of nodes are set correctly.
    n.detachChildren();
    if (condHasSideEffects) {
      replacement = IR.comma(cond, branchToKeep).srcref(n);
    } else {
      replacement = branchToKeep;
      NodeUtil.markFunctionsDeleted(cond, compiler);
    }

    parent.replaceChild(n, replacement);
    compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(replacement);
    NodeUtil.markFunctionsDeleted(branchToRemove, compiler);
    return replacement;
  }

  /**
   * Removes WHILEs that always evaluate to false.
   */
  Node tryFoldWhile(Node n) {
    checkArgument(n.isWhile());
    Node cond = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
    if (NodeUtil.getPureBooleanValue(cond) != TernaryValue.FALSE) {
      return n;
    }
    NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(n);
    compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(n.getParent());
    NodeUtil.removeChild(n.getParent(), n);

    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Removes FORs that always evaluate to false.
   */
  Node tryFoldFor(Node n) {
    checkArgument(n.isVanillaFor());

    Node init = n.getFirstChild();
    Node cond = init.getNext();
    Node increment = cond.getNext();

    if (!init.isEmpty() && !NodeUtil.isNameDeclaration(init)) {
      init = trySimplifyUnusedResult(init, false);
    }

    if (!increment.isEmpty()) {
      increment = trySimplifyUnusedResult(increment, false);
    }

    // There is an initializer skip it
    if (!n.getFirstChild().isEmpty()) {
      return n;
    }

    if (NodeUtil.getImpureBooleanValue(cond) != TernaryValue.FALSE) {
      return n;
    }

    Node parent = n.getParent();
    NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(n);
    if (!mayHaveSideEffects(cond)) {
      NodeUtil.removeChild(parent, n);
    } else {
      Node statement = IR.exprResult(cond.detach())
          .useSourceInfoIfMissingFrom(cond);
      if (parent.isLabel()) {
        Node block = IR.block();
        block.useSourceInfoIfMissingFrom(statement);
        block.addChildToFront(statement);
        statement = block;
      }
      parent.replaceChild(n, statement);
    }
    compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Removes DOs that always evaluate to false. This leaves the
   * statements that were in the loop in a BLOCK node.
   * The block will be removed in a later pass, if possible.
   */
  Node tryFoldDoAway(Node n) {
    checkArgument(n.isDo());

    Node cond = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
    if (NodeUtil.getImpureBooleanValue(cond) != TernaryValue.FALSE) {
      return n;
    }

    Node block = NodeUtil.getLoopCodeBlock(n);
    if (n.getParent().isLabel() || hasUnnamedBreakOrContinue(block)) {
      return n;
    }

    Node parent = n.getParent();
    n.replaceWith(block.detach());
    if (mayHaveSideEffects(cond)) {
      Node condStatement = IR.exprResult(cond.detach()).srcref(cond);
      parent.addChildAfter(condStatement, block);
    }
    compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(parent);

    return block;
  }

  /**
   * Removes DOs that have empty bodies into FORs, which are
   * much easier for the CFA to analyze.
   */
  Node tryFoldEmptyDo(Node n) {
    checkArgument(n.isDo());

    Node body = NodeUtil.getLoopCodeBlock(n);
    if (body.isNormalBlock() && !body.hasChildren()) {
      Node cond = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
      Node forNode =
          IR.forNode(IR.empty().srcref(n),
                     cond.detach(),
                     IR.empty().srcref(n),
                     body.detach());
      n.replaceWith(forNode);
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(forNode);
      return forNode;
    }
    return n;
  }

  /**
   * Returns whether a node has any unhandled breaks or continue.
   */
  static boolean hasUnnamedBreakOrContinue(Node n) {
    return NodeUtil.has(n, IS_UNNAMED_BREAK_PREDICATE, CAN_CONTAIN_BREAK_PREDICATE)
        || NodeUtil.has(n, IS_UNNAMED_CONTINUE_PREDICATE, CAN_CONTAIN_CONTINUE_PREDICATE);
  }

  /**
   * Remove always true loop conditions.
   */
  private void tryFoldForCondition(Node forCondition) {
    if (NodeUtil.getPureBooleanValue(forCondition) == TernaryValue.TRUE) {
      compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(forCondition);
      forCondition.replaceWith(IR.empty());
    }
  }
}