Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

[LeetCode] 705. Design HashSet #705

Open
grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 705. Design HashSet #705

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

Comments

@grandyang
Copy link
Owner

grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Design a HashSet without using any built-in hash table libraries.

To be specific, your design should include these functions:

  • add(value): Insert a value into the HashSet. 
  • contains(value) : Return whether the value exists in the HashSet or not.
  • remove(value): Remove a value in the HashSet. If the value does not exist in the HashSet, do nothing.

Example:

MyHashSet hashSet = new MyHashSet();
hashSet.add(1);         
hashSet.add(2);         
hashSet.contains(1);    // returns true
hashSet.contains(3);    // returns false (not found)
hashSet.add(2);          
hashSet.contains(2);    // returns true
hashSet.remove(2);          
hashSet.contains(2);    // returns false (already removed)

Note:

* All values will be in the range of `[0, 1000000]`.
* The number of operations will be in the range of `[1, 10000]`.
* Please do not use the built-in HashSet library.

 

这道题让我们设计HashSet,不能用自带的哈希表的数据结构,而且要我们主要实现添加,删除,以及判断是否存在,这三个函数。我们都知道HashSet最有用的地方就是其能够在常数的时间内判断某个元素是否存在,这都得归功于哈希表的作用。但是现在不让我们用了,但我们还是得保证其常数级的查找效率,那么就用空间来换时间吧。既然题目中说了数字的范围不会超过1000000,那么我们就申请这么大空间的数组,这样对于在HashSet中的数字,我们就将其标记为1,不在或者删除了的就标记为0,检测的时候就看其值是否为1即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

class MyHashSet {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    MyHashSet() {
        data.resize(1000000, 0);
    }
    
    void add(int key) {
        data[key] = 1;
    }
    
    void remove(int key) {
        data[key] = 0;
    }
    
    /** Returns true if this set contains the specified element */
    bool contains(int key) {
        return data[key] == 1;
    }
    
private:
    vector<int> data;
};

 

我们可以来适度的优化一下空间复杂度,由于存入HashSet的数字也许不会跨度很大,那么直接就申请长度为1000000的数组可能会有些浪费,那么我们其实可以使用1000个长度为1000的数组来代替,那么就要用个二维数组啦,实际上开始我们只申请了1000个空数组,对于每个要处理的元素,我们首先对1000取余,得到的值就当作哈希值,对应我们申请的那1000个空数组的位置,在加入元素时,一旦计算出了哈希值,我们将对应的空数组resize为长度1000,然后根据哈希值和key/1000来确定具体的加入位置。移除数字一样的,先计算出哈希值,如果对应的数组不为空的话,找到对应的位置并赋值为0。不过大家也可以看出来,我们在加入元素时会开辟1000的新空间,但是删除这个元素时,并没有检测这1000个位置是否均为0,是的话应该删除这1000个新空间。但是这样可能会使得删除函数变慢一些,参见代码如下: 

 

解法二:

class MyHashSet {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    MyHashSet() {
        data.resize(1000, vector<int>());
    }
    
    void add(int key) {
        int hashKey = key % 1000;
        if (data[hashKey].empty()) {
            data[hashKey].resize(1000);
        } 
        data[hashKey][key / 1000] = 1;
    }
    
    void remove(int key) {
        int hashKey = key % 1000;
        if (!data[hashKey].empty()) {
            data[hashKey][key / 1000] = 0;
        } 
    }
    
    /** Returns true if this set contains the specified element */
    bool contains(int key) {
        int hashKey = key % 1000;
        return !data[hashKey].empty() && data[hashKey][key / 1000];
    }
    
private:
    vector<vector<int>> data;
};

 

类似题目:

Design HashMap

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hashset/

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hashset/discuss/185826/C%2B%2B-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hashset/discuss/193132/Solution-without-boolean-array

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hashset/discuss/143434/Beats-100-Real-Java-Solution-(Not-boolean-array)

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment
Labels
None yet
Projects
None yet
Development

No branches or pull requests

1 participant