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[LeetCode] 746. Min Cost Climbing Stairs #746

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 746. Min Cost Climbing Stairs #746

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

On a staircase, the i-th step has some non-negative cost cost[i] assigned (0 indexed).

Once you pay the cost, you can either climb one or two steps. You need to find minimum cost to reach the top of the floor, and you can either start from the step with index 0, or the step with index 1.

Example 1:

Input: cost = [10, 15, 20]
Output: 15
Explanation: Cheapest is start on cost[1], pay that cost and go to the top.

 

Example 2:

Input: cost = [1, 100, 1, 1, 1, 100, 1, 1, 100, 1]
Output: 6
Explanation: Cheapest is start on cost[0], and only step on 1s, skipping cost[3].

 

Note:

  1. cost will have a length in the range [2, 1000].
  2. Every cost[i] will be an integer in the range [0, 999].

 

这道题应该算是之前那道 Climbing Stairs 的拓展,这里不是求步数,而是每个台阶上都有一个 cost,让我们求爬到顶端的最小 cost 是多少。换汤不换药,还是用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来做。这里定义一个一维的 dp数组,其中 dp[i] 表示爬到第i层的最小 cost,然后来想 dp[i] 如何推导。来思考一下如何才能到第i层呢?是不是只有两种可能性,一个是从第 i-2 层上直接跳上来,一个是从第 i-1 层上跳上来。不会再有别的方法,所以 dp[i] 只和前两层有关系,可以写做如下:

dp[i] = min(dp[i- 2] + cost[i - 2], dp[i - 1] + cost[i - 1])

最后返回最后一个数字dp[n]即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    int minCostClimbingStairs(vector<int>& cost) {
        int n = cost.size();
        vector<int> dp(n + 1);
        for (int i = 2; i < n + 1; ++i) {
            dp[i] = min(dp[i- 2] + cost[i - 2], dp[i - 1] + cost[i - 1]);
        }
        return dp.back();
    }
};

 

再来看一种 DP 的解法,跟上面的解法很相近,不同在于 dp 数组长度为n,其中 dp[i] 表示到第 i+1 层的最小 cost,分别初始化 dp[0] 和 dp[1] 为 cost[0] 和 cost[1]。然后从 i=2 处开始遍历,此时更新思路是,要爬当前的台阶,肯定需要加上当前的 cost[i],那么还是要从前一层或者前两层的台阶上跳上来,选择 dp 值小的那个,所以递归式如下:

dp[i] = cost[i] + min(dp[i- 1], dp[i - 2])

最后在最后两个dp值中选择一个较小的返回即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int minCostClimbingStairs(vector<int>& cost) {
        int n = cost.size();
        vector<int> dp(n);
        dp[0] = cost[0]; dp[1] = cost[1];
        for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i) {
            dp[i] = cost[i] + min(dp[i- 1], dp[i - 2]);
        }
        return min(dp[n - 1], dp[n - 2]);
    }
};

 

我们可以对空间复杂度进行优化,通过前面的分析我们可以发现,当前的 dp 值仅仅依赖前面两个的值,所以不必把整个 dp 数组都记录下来,只需用两个变量a和b来记录前两个值,然后不停的用新得到的值来覆盖它们就好了。初始化a和b均为0,然后遍历 cost 数组,首先将a和b中较小值加上 num 放入临时变量t中,然后把b赋给a,把t赋给b即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法三:

class Solution {
public:
    int minCostClimbingStairs(vector<int>& cost) {
        int a = 0, b = 0;
        for (int num : cost) {
            int t = min(a, b) + num;
            a = b;
            b = t;
        }
        return min(a, b);
    }
};

 

我们还可以用递归来写,需要优化计算量,即用 HashMap 来保存已经算过了台阶,用的还是 dp 的思想,参见代码如下:

 

解法四:

class Solution {
public:
    int minCostClimbingStairs(vector<int>& cost) {
        unordered_map<int, int> memo;
        return helper(cost, cost.size(), memo);
    }
    int helper(vector<int>& cost, int i, unordered_map<int, int>& memo) {
        if (memo.count(i)) return memo[i];
        if (i <= 1) return memo[i] = cost[i];
        return memo[i] = (i == cost.size() ? 0 : cost[i]) + min(helper(cost, i - 1, memo), helper(cost, i - 2, memo));
    }
};

 

Github 同步地址:

#746

 

类似题目:

Climbing Stairs

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/min-cost-climbing-stairs/

https://leetcode.com/problems/min-cost-climbing-stairs/discuss/110109/c-o1-space

https://leetcode.com/problems/min-cost-climbing-stairs/discuss/110111/javascript-and-c-solutions

https://leetcode.com/problems/min-cost-climbing-stairs/discuss/144682/3-Lines-Java-Solution-O(1)-space

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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