Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

[LeetCode] 99. Recover Binary Search Tree #99

Open
grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 3 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 99. Recover Binary Search Tree #99

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 3 comments

Comments

@grandyang
Copy link
Owner

grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Two elements of a binary search tree (BST) are swapped by mistake.

Recover the tree without changing its structure.

Example 1:

Input: [1,3,null,null,2]

   1
  /
 3
  \
   2

Output: [3,1,null,null,2]

   3
  /
 1
  \
   2

Example 2:

Input: [3,1,4,null,null,2]

  3
 / \
1   4
   /
  2

Output: [2,1,4,null,null,3]

  2
 / \
1   4
   /
  3

Follow up:

  • A solution using O( n ) space is pretty straight forward.
  • Could you devise a constant space solution?

 

这道题要求我们复原一个二叉搜索树,说是其中有两个的顺序被调换了,题目要求上说 O(n) 的解法很直观,这种解法需要用到递归,用中序遍历树,并将所有节点存到一个一维向量中,把所有节点值存到另一个一维向量中,然后对存节点值的一维向量排序,在将排好的数组按顺序赋给节点。这种最一般的解法可针对任意个数目的节点错乱的情况,这里先贴上此种解法:

 

解法一:

// O(n) space complexity
class Solution {
public:
    void recoverTree(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<TreeNode*> list;
        vector<int> vals;
        inorder(root, list, vals);
        sort(vals.begin(), vals.end());
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); ++i) {
            list[i]->val = vals[i];
        }
    }
    void inorder(TreeNode* root, vector<TreeNode*>& list, vector<int>& vals) {
        if (!root) return;
        inorder(root->left, list, vals);
        list.push_back(root);
        vals.push_back(root->val);
        inorder(root->right, list, vals);
    }
};

 

然后博主上网搜了许多其他解法,看到另一种是用双指针来代替一维向量的,但是这种方法用到了递归,也不是 O(1) 空间复杂度的解法,这里需要三个指针,first,second 分别表示第一个和第二个错乱位置的节点,pre 指向当前节点的中序遍历的前一个节点。这里用传统的中序遍历递归来做,不过再应该输出节点值的地方,换成了判断 pre 和当前节点值的大小,如果 pre 的大,若 first 为空,则将 first 指向 pre 指的节点,把 second 指向当前节点。这样中序遍历完整个树,若 first 和 second 都存在,则交换它们的节点值即可。这个算法的空间复杂度仍为 O(n),n为树的高度,参见代码如下:

 

解法二:

// Still O(n) space complexity
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode *pre = NULL, *first = NULL, *second = NULL;
    void recoverTree(TreeNode* root) {
        inorder(root);
        swap(first->val, second->val);
    }
    void inorder(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return;
        inorder(root->left);
        if (!pre) pre = root;
        else {
            if (pre->val > root->val) {
                if (!first) first = pre;
                second = root;
            }
            pre = root;
        }
        inorder(root->right);
    }
};

 

我们其实也可以使用迭代的写法,因为中序遍历 Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 也可以借助栈来实现,原理还是跟前面的相同,记录前一个结点,并和当前结点相比,如果前一个结点值大,那么更新 first 和 second,最后交换 first 和 second 的结点值即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法三:

// Always O(n) space complexity
class Solution {
public:
    void recoverTree(TreeNode* root) {
        TreeNode *pre = NULL, *first = NULL, *second = NULL, *p = root;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        while (p || !st.empty()) {
            while (p) {
                st.push(p);
                p = p->left;
            }
            p = st.top(); st.pop();
            if (pre) {
                if (pre->val > p->val) {
                    if (!first) first = pre;
                    second = p;
                }
            }
            pre = p;
            p = p->right;
        }
        swap(first->val, second->val);
    }
};

 

这道题的真正符合要求的解法应该用的 Morris 遍历,这是一种非递归且不使用栈,空间复杂度为 O(1) 的遍历方法,可参见博主之前的博客 Binary Tree Inorder Traversal,在其基础上做些修改,加入 first, second 和 parent 指针,来比较当前节点值和中序遍历的前一节点值的大小,跟上面递归算法的思路相似,代码如下:

 

解法四:

// Now O(1) space complexity
class Solution {
public:
    void recoverTree(TreeNode* root) {
        TreeNode *first = nullptr, *second = nullptr, *cur = root, *pre = nullptr ;
        while (cur) {
            if (cur->left){
                TreeNode *p = cur->left;
                while (p->right && p->right != cur) p = p->right;
                if (!p->right) {
                    p->right = cur;
                    cur = cur->left;
                    continue;
                } else {
                    p->right = NULL;
                }  
            }
            if (pre && cur->val < pre->val){
              if (!first) first = pre;
              second = cur;
            }
            pre = cur;
            cur = cur->right;
        }
        swap(first->val, second->val);
    }
};

 

Github 同步地址:

#99

 

类似题目:

Binary Tree Inorder Traversal

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/recover-binary-search-tree/

https://leetcode.com/problems/recover-binary-search-tree/discuss/32607/Beat-99-Fast-Java-Solution-O(h)-Space-with-Explanation 

https://leetcode.com/problems/recover-binary-search-tree/discuss/32535/No-Fancy-Algorithm-just-Simple-and-Powerful-In-Order-Traversal

https://leetcode.com/problems/recover-binary-search-tree/discuss/32559/Detail-Explain-about-How-Morris-Traversal-Finds-two-Incorrect-Pointer

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

@qianjinhao
Copy link

解法二的空间复杂度为什么不是O(1)

@jimbinc
Copy link

jimbinc commented Aug 19, 2020

https://leetcode.com/problems/recover-binary-search-tree/discuss/799992/bubble
bubble 也能秒天秒地秒空气的

@lld2006
Copy link

lld2006 commented Jul 15, 2021

解法二的空间复杂度为什么不是O(1)

grandyang 解法二利用了递归, 所以当访问到最深的node的时候占用的stack 空间是O(h), grandyang 用的是字符n, 有一点点confusing, 不过他说的很清楚了。

Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment
Labels
None yet
Projects
None yet
Development

No branches or pull requests

4 participants