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[LeetCode] 128. Longest Consecutive Sequence #128

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 3 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 128. Longest Consecutive Sequence #128

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 3 comments

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Given an unsorted array of integers, find the length of the longest consecutive elements sequence.

Your algorithm should run in O( n ) complexity.

Example:

Input: [100, 4, 200, 1, 3, 2]
Output: 4
Explanation: The longest consecutive elements sequence is [1, 2, 3, 4]. Therefore its length is 4.

 

这道题要求求最长连续序列,并给定了O(n)复杂度限制,我们的思路是,使用一个集合HashSet存入所有的数字,然后遍历数组中的每个数字,如果其在集合中存在,那么将其移除,然后分别用两个变量pre和next算出其前一个数跟后一个数,然后在集合中循环查找,如果pre在集合中,那么将pre移除集合,然后pre再自减1,直至pre不在集合之中,对next采用同样的方法,那么next-pre-1就是当前数字的最长连续序列,更新res即可。这里再说下,为啥当检测某数字在集合中存在当时候,都要移除数字。这是为了避免大量的重复计算,就拿题目中的例子来说吧,我们在遍历到4的时候,会向下遍历3,2,1,如果都不移除数字的话,遍历到1的时候,还会遍历2,3,4。同样,遍历到3的时候,向上遍历4,向下遍历2,1,等等等。如果数组中有大量的连续数字的话,那么就有大量的重复计算,十分的不高效,所以我们要从HashSet中移除数字,代码如下:

 

C++ 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    int longestConsecutive(vector<int>& nums) {
        int res = 0;
        unordered_set<int> s(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        for (int val : nums) {
            if (!s.count(val)) continue;
            s.erase(val);
            int pre = val - 1, next = val + 1;
            while (s.count(pre)) s.erase(pre--);
            while (s.count(next)) s.erase(next++);
            res = max(res, next - pre - 1);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

Java 解法一:

public class Solution {
    public int longestConsecutive(int[] nums) {
        int res = 0;
        Set<Integer> s = new HashSet<Integer>();
        for (int num : nums) s.add(num);
        for (int num : nums) {
            if (s.remove(num)) {
                int pre = num - 1, next = num + 1;
                while (s.remove(pre)) --pre;
                while (s.remove(next)) ++next;
                res = Math.max(res, next - pre - 1);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

 

我们也可以采用哈希表来做,刚开始HashMap为空,然后遍历所有数字,如果该数字不在HashMap中,那么我们分别看其左右两个数字是否在HashMap中,如果在,则返回其哈希表中映射值,若不在,则返回0,虽然我们直接从HashMap中取不存在的映射值,也能取到0,但是一旦去取了,就会自动生成一个为0的映射,那么我们这里再for循环的开头判断如果存在映射就跳过的话,就会出错。然后我们将left+right+1作为当前数字的映射,并更新res结果,同时更新num-left和num-right的映射值。

下面来解释一下为啥要判断如何存在映射的时候要跳过,这是因为一旦某个数字创建映射了,说明该数字已经被处理过了,那么其周围的数字很可能也已经建立好了映射了,如果再遇到之前处理过的数字,再取相邻数字的映射值累加的话,会出错。举个例子,比如数组 [1, 2, 0, 1],当0执行完以后,HashMap中的映射为 {1->2, 2->3, 0->3},可以看出此时0和2的映射值都已经为3了,那么如果最后一个1还按照原来的方法处理,随后得到结果就是7,明显不合题意。还有就是,之前说的,为了避免访问不存在的映射值时,自动创建映射,我们使用m.count() 先来检测一下,只有存在映射,我们才从中取值,否则就直接赋值为0,参见代码如下:

 

C++ 解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int longestConsecutive(vector<int>& nums) {
        int res = 0;
        unordered_map<int, int> m;
        for (int num : nums) {
            if (m.count(num)) continue;
            int left = m.count(num - 1) ? m[num - 1] : 0;
            int right = m.count(num + 1) ? m[num + 1] : 0;
            int sum = left + right + 1;
            m[num] = sum;
            res = max(res, sum);
            m[num - left] = sum;
            m[num + right] = sum;
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

Java 解法二:

public class Solution {
    public int longestConsecutive(int[] nums) {
        int res = 0;
        Map<Integer, Integer> m = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        for (int num : nums) {
            if (m.containsKey(num)) continue;
            int left = m.containsKey(num - 1) ? m.get(num - 1) : 0;
            int right = m.containsKey(num + 1) ? m.get(num + 1) : 0;
            int sum = left + right + 1;
            m.put(num, sum);
            res = Math.max(res, sum);
            m.put(num - left, sum);
            m.put(num + right, sum);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

 

类似题目:

Binary Tree Longest Consecutive Sequence

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/discuss/41055/my-really-simple-java-on-solution-accepted

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/discuss/41060/a-simple-csolution-using-unordered_setand-simple-consideration-about-this-problem

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

@tengteng95
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你好,我想问一下查询hashmap中是否包含键值应该也是O(n)的时间复杂度吧。那么在对数组进行循环的时候,复杂度为n+(n-1)+(n-2)+...+1 = O(n^2)?

@grandyang
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你好,我想问一下查询hashmap中是否包含键值应该也是O(n)的时间复杂度吧。那么在对数组进行循环的时候,复杂度为n+(n-1)+(n-2)+...+1 = O(n^2)?

HashMap 的查找是常数级的~

@tengteng95
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非常感谢。我之前理解错了。

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