project.mml

# Various parts to be included later on
_parts:
  srid: &srid "3857"
  srs: &srs "+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +wktext +no_defs +over"
  world: &world
    - -180
    - -85.05112877980659
    - 180
    - 85.05112877980659
  # Extents are used for tilemill, and don't actually make it to the generated XML
  extents: &extents
    extent: *world
    srs-name: *srid
    srs: *srs
  osm2pgsql: &osm2pgsql
    type: "postgis"
    dbname: "gis"
    key_field: ""
    geometry_field: "way"
    srid: *srid
    extent: "-20037508,-20037508,20037508,20037508"

scale: 1
metatile: 2
name: OpenStreetMap Carto
description: A general-purpose OpenStreetMap mapnik style, in CartoCSS
bounds: *world
center:
  - 0
  - 0
  - 4
format: png
interactivity: false
minzoom: 0
maxzoom: 22
srs: *srs

Stylesheet:
  - style/style.mss
  - style/fonts.mss
  - style/shapefiles.mss
  - style/landcover.mss
  - style/water.mss
  - style/water-features.mss
  - style/road-colors-generated.mss
  - style/roads.mss
  - style/power.mss
  - style/placenames.mss
  - style/buildings.mss
  - style/stations.mss
  - style/amenity-points.mss
  - style/ferry-routes.mss
  - style/aerialways.mss
  - style/admin.mss
  - style/addressing.mss
  - style/golf.mss
Layer:
  - id: landcover-low-zoom
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, way_pixels,
            COALESCE(wetland, landuse, "natural") AS feature
          FROM (SELECT
              way,
              ('landuse_' || (CASE WHEN landuse IN ('forest', 'farmland', 'residential', 'commercial', 'retail', 'industrial',
                                                    'meadow', 'grass', 'village_green', 'vineyard', 'orchard') THEN landuse END)) AS landuse,
              ('natural_' || (CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('wood', 'sand', 'scree', 'shingle', 'bare_rock', 'heath', 'grassland', 'scrub') THEN "natural" END)) AS "natural",
              ('wetland_' || (CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('wetland', 'mud') THEN (CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('mud') THEN "natural" ELSE tags->'wetland' END) END)) AS wetland,
              way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
              way_area
            FROM planet_osm_polygon
            WHERE (landuse IN ('forest', 'farmland', 'residential', 'commercial', 'retail', 'industrial', 'meadow', 'grass', 'village_green', 'vineyard', 'orchard')
              OR "natural" IN ('wood', 'wetland', 'mud', 'sand', 'scree', 'shingle', 'bare_rock', 'heath', 'grassland', 'scrub'))
              AND way_area > 0.01*!pixel_width!::real*!pixel_height!::real
              AND building IS NULL
          ) AS features
          ORDER BY way_area DESC, feature
        ) AS landcover_low_zoom
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 5
      maxzoom: 9
  - id: landcover
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, name, religion, way_pixels, is_building,
            COALESCE(aeroway, golf, amenity, wetland, power, landuse, leisure, man_made, "natural", shop, tourism, highway, railway) AS feature
          FROM (SELECT
              way, COALESCE(name, '') AS name,
              ('aeroway_' || (CASE WHEN aeroway IN ('apron', 'aerodrome') THEN aeroway END)) AS aeroway,
              ('golf_' || (CASE WHEN (tags->'golf') IN ('rough', 'fairway', 'driving_range', 'water_hazard', 'green', 'bunker', 'tee') THEN tags->'golf' ELSE NULL END)) AS golf,
              ('amenity_' || (CASE WHEN amenity IN ('bicycle_parking', 'motorcycle_parking', 'university', 'college', 'school', 'taxi',
                                                    'hospital', 'kindergarten', 'grave_yard', 'prison', 'place_of_worship', 'clinic', 'ferry_terminal',
                                                    'marketplace', 'community_centre', 'social_facility', 'arts_centre', 'parking_space', 'bus_station',
                                                    'fire_station', 'police')
                              OR amenity IN ('parking') AND (tags->'parking' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'parking') IS NULL) THEN amenity END)) AS amenity,
              ('landuse_' || (CASE WHEN landuse IN ('quarry', 'vineyard', 'orchard', 'cemetery', 'residential', 'garages', 'meadow', 'grass',
                                                    'allotments', 'forest', 'farmyard', 'farmland', 'greenhouse_horticulture',
                                                    'recreation_ground', 'village_green', 'retail', 'industrial', 'railway', 'commercial',
                                                    'brownfield', 'landfill', 'salt_pond', 'construction', 'plant_nursery', 'religious') THEN landuse END)) AS landuse,
              ('shop_' || (CASE WHEN shop IN ('mall') AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL) THEN shop END)) AS shop,
              ('leisure_' || (CASE WHEN leisure IN ('swimming_pool', 'playground', 'park', 'garden',
                                                    'golf_course', 'miniature_golf', 'sports_centre', 'stadium', 'pitch', 'ice_rink',
                                                    'track', 'dog_park', 'fitness_station', 'water_park') THEN leisure END)) AS leisure,
              ('man_made_' || (CASE WHEN man_made IN ('works', 'wastewater_plant', 'water_works') THEN man_made END)) AS man_made,
              ('natural_' || (CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('beach', 'shoal', 'heath', 'grassland', 'wood', 'sand', 'scree', 'shingle', 'bare_rock', 'scrub') THEN "natural" END)) AS "natural",
              ('wetland_' || (CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('wetland', 'mud') THEN (CASE WHEN "natural" = 'mud' THEN "natural" ELSE tags->'wetland' END) END)) AS wetland,
              ('power_' || (CASE WHEN power IN ('plant', 'substation', 'generator') THEN power END)) AS power,
              ('tourism_' || (CASE WHEN tourism IN ('camp_site', 'caravan_site', 'picnic_site') THEN tourism END)) AS tourism,
              ('highway_' || (CASE WHEN highway IN ('services', 'rest_area') THEN highway END)) AS highway,
              ('railway_' || (CASE WHEN railway = 'station' THEN railway END)) AS railway,
              CASE WHEN religion IN ('christian', 'jewish', 'muslim') THEN religion ELSE 'INT-generic'::text END AS religion,
              way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
              CASE WHEN building = 'no' OR building IS NULL THEN 'no' ELSE 'yes' END AS is_building,
              way_area
            FROM planet_osm_polygon
            WHERE (landuse IS NOT NULL
              OR leisure IS NOT NULL
              OR aeroway IN ('apron', 'aerodrome')
              OR (tags->'golf') IS NOT NULL
              OR amenity IN ('parking', 'bicycle_parking', 'motorcycle_parking', 'taxi', 'university', 'college', 'school', 'hospital', 'kindergarten',
                             'grave_yard', 'place_of_worship', 'prison', 'clinic', 'ferry_terminal', 'marketplace', 'community_centre', 'social_facility',
                             'arts_centre', 'parking_space', 'bus_station', 'fire_station', 'police')
              OR man_made IN ('works', 'wastewater_plant','water_works')
              OR "natural" IN ('beach', 'shoal', 'heath', 'mud', 'wetland', 'grassland', 'wood', 'sand', 'scree', 'shingle', 'bare_rock', 'scrub')
              OR power IN ('plant', 'substation', 'generator')
              OR shop IN ('mall')
              OR tourism IN ('camp_site', 'caravan_site', 'picnic_site')
              OR highway IN ('services', 'rest_area')
              OR railway = 'station')
              AND way_area > 1*!pixel_width!::real*!pixel_height!::real
          ) AS landcover
          ORDER BY way_area DESC, feature
        ) AS features
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 10
  - id: landcover-line
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE man_made = 'cutline'
        ) AS landcover_line
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: icesheet-poly
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM icesheet_polygons
        ) AS icesheet_polygons
    properties:
      minzoom: 5
  - id: water-lines-low-zoom
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            waterway,
            CASE WHEN tags->'intermittent' IN ('yes')
              OR tags->'seasonal' IN ('yes', 'spring', 'summer', 'autumn', 'winter', 'wet_season', 'dry_season')
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_intermittent
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE waterway = 'river'
        ) AS water_lines_low_zoom
    properties:
      minzoom: 8
      maxzoom: 11
  - id: water-lines
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            waterway,
            name,
            CASE WHEN tags->'intermittent' IN ('yes')
              OR tags->'seasonal' IN ('yes', 'spring', 'summer', 'autumn', 'winter', 'wet_season', 'dry_season')
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_intermittent,
            CASE WHEN tunnel IN ('yes', 'culvert') 
              OR waterway = 'canal' AND tunnel = 'flooded'
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_tunnel,
            'no' AS bridge
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE waterway IN ('river', 'canal', 'stream', 'drain', 'ditch')
            AND (bridge IS NULL OR bridge NOT IN ('yes', 'aqueduct'))
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0)
        ) AS water_lines
    properties:
      minzoom: 12
  - id: water-areas
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            "natural",
            waterway,
            landuse,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            CASE WHEN tags->'intermittent' IN ('yes')
              OR tags->'seasonal' IN ('yes', 'spring', 'summer', 'autumn', 'winter', 'wet_season', 'dry_season')
              OR tags->'basin' IN ('detention', 'infiltration')
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_intermittent
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE
            (waterway IN ('dock', 'riverbank')
              OR landuse IN ('reservoir', 'basin')
              OR "natural" IN ('water', 'glacier'))
            AND building IS NULL
            AND way_area > 1*!pixel_width!::real*!pixel_height!::real
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0), way_area DESC
        ) AS water_areas
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 0
  - id: ocean-lz
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM simplified_water_polygons
        ) AS ocean_lz
    properties:
      maxzoom: 9
  - id: ocean
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM water_polygons
        ) AS ocean
    properties:
      minzoom: 10
  - id: landcover-area-symbols
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, surface,
            COALESCE(CASE WHEN landuse = 'forest' THEN 'wood' END, "natural") AS "natural",
            CASE WHEN "natural" = 'mud'
                THEN "natural"
                ELSE CASE WHEN ("natural" = 'wetland' AND NOT tags ? 'wetland')
                  THEN 'wetland'
                  ELSE CASE WHEN ("natural" = 'wetland')
                    THEN tags->'wetland'
                    END
                END
              END AS int_wetland,
            landuse,
            tags->'leaf_type' AS leaf_type,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE ("natural" IN ('mud', 'wetland', 'wood', 'beach', 'shoal', 'reef', 'scrub') OR landuse IN ('forest', 'salt_pond'))
            AND building IS NULL
            AND way_area > 1*!pixel_width!::real*!pixel_height!::real
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0), way_area DESC
        ) AS landcover_area_symbols
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 9
  - id: icesheet-outlines
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            ice_edge
          FROM icesheet_outlines
        ) AS icesheet_outlines
    properties:
      minzoom: 5
  - id: marinas-area
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE leisure = 'marina'
        ) AS marinas_area
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: water-barriers-line
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            waterway
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE waterway IN ('dam', 'weir', 'lock_gate')
        ) AS water_barriers_line
    properties:
      minzoom: 13
  - id: water-barriers-poly
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            waterway
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE waterway IN ('dam', 'weir', 'lock_gate')
        ) AS water_barriers_poly
    properties:
      minzoom: 13
  - id: piers-poly
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, man_made
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE man_made IN ('pier', 'breakwater', 'groyne')
          ORDER BY CASE
              WHEN man_made = 'pier' THEN 3
              WHEN man_made = 'groyne' THEN 2
              WHEN man_made = 'breakwater' THEN 1
              ELSE 0
            END ASC
        ) AS piers_poly
    properties:
      minzoom: 12
  - id: piers-line
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, man_made
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE man_made IN ('pier', 'breakwater', 'groyne')
          ORDER BY CASE
              WHEN man_made = 'pier' THEN 3
              WHEN man_made = 'groyne' THEN 2
              WHEN man_made = 'breakwater' THEN 1
              ELSE 0
            END ASC
        ) AS piers_line
    properties:
      minzoom: 12
  - id: water-barriers-point
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, waterway
          FROM planet_osm_point
          WHERE waterway IN ('dam', 'weir', 'lock_gate')
        ) AS water_barriers_points
    properties:
      minzoom: 17
  - id: bridge
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            man_made
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE man_made = 'bridge'
        ) AS bridge
    properties:
      minzoom: 12
  - id: buildings
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            building,
            amenity,
            aeroway,
            aerialway,
            tags->'public_transport' as public_transport
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE building IS NOT NULL
            AND building != 'no'
            AND way_area > 1*!pixel_width!::real*!pixel_height!::real
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0), way_area DESC
        ) AS buildings
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: tunnels
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      # This query is quite large, having to deal with both roads, railways. To
      # allow for ways that are both railways and roads, a UNION ALL is present.
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            (CASE WHEN feature IN ('highway_motorway_link', 'highway_trunk_link', 'highway_primary_link', 'highway_secondary_link', 'highway_tertiary_link') THEN substr(feature, 0, length(feature)-4) ELSE feature END) AS feature,
            horse,
            foot,
            bicycle,
            tracktype,
            int_surface,
            access,
            construction,
            service,
            link,
            layernotnull
          FROM ( -- subselect that contains both roads and rail
            SELECT
                way,
                'highway_' || highway AS feature, --only motorway to tertiary links are accepted later on
                horse,
                foot,
                bicycle,
                tracktype,
                CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                      'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 'unpaved'
                  WHEN surface IN ('paved', 'asphalt', 'cobblestone', 'cobblestone:flattened', 'sett', 'concrete', 'concrete:lanes',
                                      'concrete:plates', 'paving_stones', 'metal', 'wood', 'unhewn_cobblestone') THEN 'paved'
                END AS int_surface,
                CASE WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 'destination'::text
                  WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 'no'::text
                END AS access,
                construction,
                CASE
                  WHEN service IN ('parking_aisle', 'drive-through', 'driveway') THEN 'INT-minor'::text
                  ELSE 'INT-normal'::text
                END AS service,
                CASE
                  WHEN highway IN ('motorway_link', 'trunk_link', 'primary_link', 'secondary_link', 'tertiary_link') THEN 'yes'
                  ELSE 'no'
                END AS link,
                COALESCE(layer,0) AS layernotnull,
                z_order
              FROM planet_osm_line
              WHERE (tunnel = 'yes' OR tunnel = 'building_passage' OR covered = 'yes')
                AND highway IS NOT NULL -- end of road select
            UNION ALL
            SELECT
                way,
                'railway_' || (CASE WHEN railway = 'preserved' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard') THEN 'INT-preserved-ssy'::text
                                 WHEN (railway = 'rail' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'INT-spur-siding-yard'
                                 WHEN (railway = 'tram' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'tram-service'
                                 ELSE railway END) AS feature,
                horse,
                foot,
                bicycle,
                tracktype,
                'null',
                CASE
                  WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 'destination'::text
                  WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 'no'::text
                END AS access,
                construction,
                CASE WHEN service IN ('parking_aisle', 'drive-through', 'driveway') THEN 'INT-minor'::text ELSE 'INT-normal'::text END AS service,
                'no' AS link,
                COALESCE(layer,0) AS layernotnull,
                z_order
              FROM planet_osm_line
              WHERE (tunnel = 'yes' OR tunnel = 'building_passage' OR covered = 'yes')
                AND (railway NOT IN ('platform') AND railway IS NOT NULL) -- end of rail select
            ) AS features
          ORDER BY
            layernotnull,
            z_order,
            CASE WHEN substring(feature for 8) = 'railway_' THEN 2 ELSE 1 END,
            CASE WHEN feature IN ('railway_INT-preserved-ssy', 'railway_INT-spur-siding-yard', 'railway_tram-service') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END,
            CASE WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 0 WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 1 ELSE 2 END,
            CASE WHEN int_surface IN ('unpaved') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END
        ) AS tunnels
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      group-by: layernotnull
      minzoom: 10
  - id: landuse-overlay
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            landuse,
            military,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE (landuse = 'military'
            OR military = 'danger_area')
            AND building IS NULL
        ) AS landuse_overlay
    properties:
      minzoom: 8
  - id: barriers
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, COALESCE(historic, barrier) AS feature
          FROM
            (SELECT way,
              ('barrier_' || (CASE WHEN barrier IN ('chain', 'city_wall', 'ditch', 'fence', 'guard_rail',
                    'handrail', 'hedge', 'retaining_wall', 'wall') THEN barrier END)) AS barrier,
              ('historic_' || (CASE WHEN historic = 'citywalls' THEN historic END)) AS historic
              FROM
                (SELECT
                    way,
                    historic,
                    barrier,
                    waterway
                  FROM planet_osm_polygon
                  WHERE way && !bbox!
                UNION ALL
                SELECT
                    way,
                    historic,
                    barrier,
                    waterway
                  FROM planet_osm_line
                  WHERE way && !bbox!
                ) _
              WHERE barrier IN ('chain', 'city_wall', 'ditch', 'fence', 'guard_rail',
                  'handrail', 'hedge', 'retaining_wall', 'wall')
              OR historic = 'citywalls'
              AND (waterway IS NULL OR waterway NOT IN ('river', 'canal', 'stream', 'drain', 'ditch'))
          ) AS features
        ) AS line_barriers
    properties:
      minzoom: 15
  - id: cliffs
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, "natural", man_made
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE "natural" IN ('arete', 'cliff', 'ridge') OR man_made = 'embankment'
        ) AS cliffs
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 13
  - id: ferry-routes
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE route = 'ferry'
            AND osm_id > 0
        ) AS ferry_routes
    properties:
      minzoom: 8
  - id: turning-circle-casing
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: &turning-circle_sql |-
        (SELECT DISTINCT ON (p.way)
            p.way AS way,
            p.highway AS type,
            l.highway AS int_tc_type,
            CASE WHEN l.service IN ('parking_aisle', 'drive-through', 'driveway')
              THEN 'INT-minor'::text
              ELSE 'INT-normal'::text
            END AS int_tc_service
          FROM planet_osm_point p
            JOIN planet_osm_line l
              ON ST_DWithin(p.way, l.way, 0.1) -- Assumes Mercator
            JOIN (VALUES
                ('primary', 1),
                ('secondary', 2),
                ('tertiary', 3),
                ('unclassified', 4),
                ('residential', 5),
                ('living_street', 6),
                ('service', 7),
                ('track', 8)
              ) AS v (highway, prio)
              ON v.highway = l.highway
          WHERE p.highway IN (
            'turning_circle',
            'turning_loop',
            'mini_roundabout')
            AND l.way && !bbox!
            AND p.way && !bbox! -- Both conditions are necessary for good index usage, even with the DWithin above
          ORDER BY p.way, v.prio
        ) AS turning_circle_sql
    properties:
      minzoom: 15
  - id: highway-area-casing
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            COALESCE((
              'highway_' || (CASE WHEN highway IN ('pedestrian', 'footway', 'service', 'platform') THEN highway END)),
              ('railway_' || (CASE WHEN (railway IN ('platform')
                              AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL)
                              AND (tunnel NOT IN ('yes', 'building_passage') OR tunnel IS NULL)
                              AND (covered NOT IN ('yes') OR covered IS NULL))
                              THEN railway END))
            ) AS feature
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE highway IN ('pedestrian', 'footway', 'service', 'platform')
            OR (railway IN ('platform')
                AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL)
                AND (tunnel NOT IN ('yes', 'building_passage') OR tunnel IS NULL)
                AND (covered NOT IN ('yes') OR covered IS NULL))
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0), way_area DESC
        ) AS highway_area_casing
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: roads-casing
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      # This is one of the most complex layers, so it bears explaining in some detail
      # It is necessary to
      # - Have roads and railways in the same layer to get ordering right
      # - Return two linestrings for ways which are both a road and railway
      table: &roads_sql |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            (CASE WHEN feature IN ('highway_motorway_link', 'highway_trunk_link', 'highway_primary_link', 'highway_secondary_link', 'highway_tertiary_link') THEN substr(feature, 0, length(feature)-4) ELSE feature END) AS feature,
            horse,
            foot,
            bicycle,
            tracktype,
            int_surface,
            access,
            construction,
            service,
            link,
            layernotnull
          FROM ( -- subselect that contains both roads and rail/aero
            SELECT
                way,
                ('highway_' || highway) AS feature, --only motorway to tertiary links are accepted later on
                horse,
                foot,
                bicycle,
                tracktype,
                CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                      'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 'unpaved'
                  WHEN surface IN ('paved', 'asphalt', 'cobblestone', 'cobblestone:flattened', 'sett', 'concrete', 'concrete:lanes',
                                      'concrete:plates', 'paving_stones', 'metal', 'wood', 'unhewn_cobblestone') THEN 'paved'
                END AS int_surface,
                CASE WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 'destination'::text
                  WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 'no'::text
                END AS access,
                construction,
                CASE
                  WHEN service IN ('parking_aisle', 'drive-through', 'driveway') OR leisure IN ('slipway') THEN 'INT-minor'::text
                  ELSE 'INT-normal'::text
                END AS service,
                CASE
                  WHEN highway IN ('motorway_link', 'trunk_link', 'primary_link', 'secondary_link', 'tertiary_link') THEN 'yes'
                  ELSE 'no'
                END AS link,
                COALESCE(layer,0) AS layernotnull,
                osm_id,
                z_order
              FROM planet_osm_line
              WHERE (tunnel IS NULL OR NOT tunnel IN ('yes', 'building_passage'))
                AND (covered IS NULL OR NOT covered = 'yes')
                AND (bridge IS NULL OR NOT bridge IN ('yes', 'boardwalk', 'cantilever', 'covered', 'low_water_crossing', 'movable', 'trestle', 'viaduct'))
                AND highway IS NOT NULL -- end of road select
            UNION ALL
            SELECT
                way,
                ('railway_' || (CASE WHEN railway = 'preserved' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard') THEN 'INT-preserved-ssy'::text
                                     WHEN (railway = 'rail' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'INT-spur-siding-yard'
                                     WHEN (railway = 'tram' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'tram-service'
                                     ELSE railway END)) AS feature,
                horse,
                foot,
                bicycle,
                tracktype,
                CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                      'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 'unpaved'
                  WHEN surface IN ('paved', 'asphalt', 'cobblestone', 'cobblestone:flattened', 'sett', 'concrete', 'concrete:lanes',
                                      'concrete:plates', 'paving_stones', 'metal', 'wood', 'unhewn_cobblestone') THEN 'paved'
                  ELSE NULL
                END AS int_surface,
                CASE
                  WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 'destination'::text
                  WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 'no'::text
                END AS access,
                construction,
                CASE WHEN service IN ('parking_aisle', 'drive-through', 'driveway') OR leisure IN ('slipway') THEN 'INT-minor'::text ELSE 'INT-normal'::text END AS service,
                'no' AS link,
                COALESCE(layer,0) AS layernotnull,
                osm_id,
                z_order
              FROM planet_osm_line
              WHERE (tunnel IS NULL OR NOT tunnel IN ('yes', 'building_passage'))
                AND (covered IS NULL OR NOT covered = 'yes')
                AND (bridge IS NULL OR NOT bridge IN ('yes', 'boardwalk', 'cantilever', 'covered', 'low_water_crossing', 'movable', 'trestle', 'viaduct'))
                AND railway IS NOT NULL -- end of rail select
            ) AS features
          ORDER BY
            layernotnull,
            z_order,
            CASE WHEN substring(feature for 8) = 'railway_' THEN 2 ELSE 1 END,
            CASE WHEN feature IN ('railway_INT-preserved-ssy', 'railway_INT-spur-siding-yard', 'railway_tram-service') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END,
            CASE WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 0 WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 1 ELSE 2 END,
            CASE WHEN int_surface IN ('unpaved') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END,
            osm_id
        ) AS roads_sql
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 10
  - id: highway-area-fill
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            COALESCE(
              ('highway_' || (CASE WHEN highway IN ('pedestrian', 'footway', 'service', 'living_street',
                                                    'platform', 'services') THEN highway END)),
              ('railway_' || (CASE WHEN (railway IN ('platform')
                              AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL)
                              AND (tunnel NOT IN ('yes', 'building_passage') OR tunnel IS NULL)
                              AND (covered NOT IN ('yes') OR covered IS NULL))
                              THEN railway END)),
              (('aeroway_' || CASE WHEN aeroway IN ('runway', 'taxiway', 'helipad') THEN aeroway ELSE NULL END))
            ) AS feature,
            CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                  'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 'unpaved'
              WHEN surface IN ('paved', 'asphalt', 'cobblestone', 'cobblestone:flattened', 'sett', 'concrete', 'concrete:lanes',
                                  'concrete:plates', 'paving_stones', 'metal', 'wood', 'unhewn_cobblestone') THEN 'paved'
              ELSE NULL
            END AS int_surface
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE highway IN ('pedestrian', 'footway', 'service', 'living_street', 'platform', 'services')
            OR (railway IN ('platform')
                AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL)
                AND (tunnel NOT IN ('yes', 'building_passage') OR tunnel IS NULL)
                AND (covered NOT IN ('yes') OR covered IS NULL))
            OR aeroway IN ('runway', 'taxiway', 'helipad')
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0), way_area desc
        ) AS highway_area_fill
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: roads-fill
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: *roads_sql
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 10
  - id: turning-circle-fill
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: *turning-circle_sql
    properties:
      minzoom: 15
  - id: aerialways
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            aerialway,
            man_made,
            tags->'substance' AS substance
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE aerialway IS NOT NULL
            OR (man_made = 'pipeline'
                AND tags-> 'location' IN ('overground', 'overhead', 'surface', 'outdoor')
                OR bridge IN ('yes', 'aqueduct', 'cantilever', 'covered', 'trestle', 'viaduct'))
            OR (man_made = 'goods_conveyor'
                AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL)
                AND (tunnel NOT IN ('yes') OR tunnel IS NULL))
          ORDER BY
            CASE
              WHEN man_made IN ('goods_conveyor', 'pipeline') THEN 1
              WHEN tags-> 'location' = 'overhead' THEN 2
              WHEN bridge IS NOT NULL THEN 3
              WHEN aerialway IS NOT NULL THEN 4
            END
        ) AS aerialways
    properties:
      minzoom: 12
  - id: roads-low-zoom
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            COALESCE(
              ('highway_' || (CASE WHEN highway IN ('motorway_link', 'trunk_link', 'primary_link', 'secondary_link', 'tertiary_link')
                                     THEN substr(highway, 0, length(highway)-4) ELSE highway end)),
              ('railway_' || (CASE WHEN (railway = 'rail' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'INT-spur-siding-yard'
                                   WHEN railway IN ('rail', 'tram', 'light_rail', 'funicular', 'narrow_gauge') THEN railway END))
            ) AS feature,
            CASE WHEN tunnel = 'yes' OR tunnel = 'building_passage' OR covered = 'yes' THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_tunnel,
            CASE WHEN highway IN ('motorway_link', 'trunk_link', 'primary_link', 'secondary_link', 'tertiary_link') THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS link,
            CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                  'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 'unpaved'
              WHEN surface IN ('paved', 'asphalt', 'cobblestone', 'cobblestone:flattened', 'sett', 'concrete', 'concrete:lanes',
                                  'concrete:plates', 'paving_stones', 'metal', 'wood', 'unhewn_cobblestone') THEN 'paved'
            END AS int_surface
          FROM planet_osm_roads
          WHERE highway IS NOT NULL
            OR (railway IS NOT NULL AND railway != 'preserved'
              AND (service IS NULL OR service NOT IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')))
          ORDER BY
            z_order
        ) AS roads_low_zoom
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 6
      maxzoom: 9
  - id: waterway-bridges
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            waterway,
            CASE WHEN tags->'intermittent' IN ('yes')
              OR tags->'seasonal' IN ('yes', 'spring', 'summer', 'autumn', 'winter', 'wet_season', 'dry_season')
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_intermittent,
            CASE WHEN tunnel IN ('yes', 'culvert') 
              OR waterway = 'canal' AND tunnel = 'flooded'
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_tunnel,
            'yes' AS bridge
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE waterway IN ('river', 'canal', 'stream', 'drain', 'ditch')
            AND bridge IN ('yes', 'aqueduct')
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0)
        ) AS waterway_bridges
    properties:
      minzoom: 12
  - id: bridges
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            (CASE WHEN feature IN ('highway_motorway_link', 'highway_trunk_link', 'highway_primary_link', 'highway_secondary_link', 'highway_tertiary_link') THEN substr(feature, 0, length(feature)-4) ELSE feature END) AS feature,
            horse,
            foot,
            bicycle,
            tracktype,
            int_surface,
            access,
            construction,
            service,
            link,
            layernotnull
          FROM ( -- subselect that contains both roads and rail/aero
            SELECT
                way,
                'highway_' || highway AS feature, --only motorway to tertiary links are accepted later on
                horse,
                foot,
                bicycle,
                tracktype,
                CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                      'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 'unpaved'
                  WHEN surface IN ('paved', 'asphalt', 'cobblestone', 'cobblestone:flattened', 'sett', 'concrete', 'concrete:lanes',
                                      'concrete:plates', 'paving_stones', 'metal', 'wood', 'unhewn_cobblestone') THEN 'paved'
                END AS int_surface,
                CASE WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 'destination'::text
                  WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 'no'::text
                END AS access,
                construction,
                CASE
                  WHEN service IN ('parking_aisle', 'drive-through', 'driveway') THEN 'INT-minor'::text
                  ELSE 'INT-normal'::text
                END AS service,
                CASE
                  WHEN highway IN ('motorway_link', 'trunk_link', 'primary_link', 'secondary_link', 'tertiary_link') THEN 'yes'
                  ELSE 'no'
                END AS link,
                COALESCE(layer,0) AS layernotnull,
                z_order
              FROM planet_osm_line
              WHERE bridge IN ('yes', 'boardwalk', 'cantilever', 'covered', 'low_water_crossing', 'movable', 'trestle', 'viaduct')
                AND highway IS NOT NULL -- end of road select
            UNION ALL
            SELECT
                way,
                'railway_' || (CASE WHEN railway = 'preserved' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard') THEN 'INT-preserved-ssy'::text
                                 WHEN (railway = 'rail' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'INT-spur-siding-yard'
                                 WHEN (railway = 'tram' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'tram-service'
                                 ELSE railway END) AS feature,
                horse,
                foot,
                bicycle,
                tracktype,
                'null',
                CASE
                  WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 'destination'::text
                  WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 'no'::text
                END AS access,
                construction,
                CASE WHEN service IN ('parking_aisle', 'drive-through', 'driveway') THEN 'INT-minor'::text ELSE 'INT-normal'::text END AS service,
                'no' AS link,
                COALESCE(layer,0) AS layernotnull,
                z_order
              FROM planet_osm_line
              WHERE bridge IN ('yes', 'boardwalk', 'cantilever', 'covered', 'low_water_crossing', 'movable', 'trestle', 'viaduct')
                AND railway IS NOT NULL -- end of rail select
            ) AS features
          ORDER BY
            layernotnull,
            z_order,
            CASE WHEN substring(feature for 8) = 'railway_' THEN 2 ELSE 1 END,
            CASE WHEN feature IN ('railway_INT-preserved-ssy', 'railway_INT-spur-siding-yard', 'railway_tram-service') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END,
            CASE WHEN access IN ('no', 'private') THEN 0 WHEN access IN ('destination') THEN 1 ELSE 2 END,
            CASE WHEN int_surface IN ('unpaved') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END
        ) AS bridges
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      group-by: layernotnull
      minzoom: 10
  - id: guideways
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE highway = 'bus_guideway'
        ) AS guideways
    properties:
      minzoom: 11
  - id: entrances
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            tags->'entrance' AS entrance,
            access
          FROM planet_osm_point
          WHERE (tags->'entrance') IS NOT NULL AND
            (tags->'indoor' = 'no'
            OR (tags->'indoor') IS NULL))
        AS entrances
    properties:
      minzoom: 18
  - id: aeroways
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            aeroway,
            bridge IN ('yes', 'boardwalk', 'cantilever', 'covered', 'low_water_crossing', 'movable', 'trestle', 'viaduct') AS bridge,
            CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                  'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 'unpaved'
              WHEN surface IN ('paved', 'asphalt', 'cobblestone', 'cobblestone:flattened', 'sett', 'concrete', 'concrete:lanes',
                                  'concrete:plates', 'paving_stones', 'metal', 'wood', 'unhewn_cobblestone') THEN 'paved'
              ELSE NULL
            END AS int_surface
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE aeroway IN ('runway', 'taxiway')
          ORDER BY
            bridge NULLS FIRST,
            CASE WHEN aeroway = 'runway' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
            CASE WHEN surface IN ('unpaved', 'compacted', 'dirt', 'earth', 'fine_gravel', 'grass', 'grass_paver', 'gravel', 'ground',
                                  'mud', 'pebblestone', 'salt', 'sand', 'woodchips', 'clay', 'ice', 'snow') THEN 0 ELSE 1 END
        ) AS aeroways
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 11
  - id: golf-line
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, tags->'golf' AS golf
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE tags @> 'golf=>hole'
        ) AS golf_line
    properties:
      minzoom: 16
  - id: necountries
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land
        ) AS necountries
    properties:
      minzoom: 1
      maxzoom: 3
  - id: admin-low-zoom
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            admin_level
          FROM planet_osm_roads
          WHERE boundary = 'administrative'
            AND admin_level IN ('0', '1', '2', '3', '4')
            AND osm_id < 0
          ORDER BY admin_level DESC
        ) AS admin_low_zoom
    properties:
      minzoom: 4
      maxzoom: 7
  - id: admin-mid-zoom
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            admin_level
          FROM planet_osm_roads
          WHERE boundary = 'administrative'
            AND admin_level IN ('0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8')
            AND osm_id < 0
          ORDER BY admin_level DESC
        ) AS admin_mid_zoom
    properties:
      minzoom: 8
      maxzoom: 12
  - id: admin-high-zoom
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            admin_level
          FROM planet_osm_roads
          WHERE boundary = 'administrative'
            AND admin_level IN ('0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10')
            AND osm_id < 0
          ORDER BY admin_level::integer DESC -- With 10 as a valid value, we need to do a numeric ordering, not a text ordering
        ) AS admin_high_zoom
    properties:
      minzoom: 13
  - id: power-minorline
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE power = 'minor_line'
        ) AS power_minorline
    properties:
      minzoom: 16
  - id: power-line
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE power = 'line'
        ) AS power_line
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: tourism-boundary
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            tourism
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE tourism = 'theme_park'
            OR tourism = 'zoo'
        ) AS tourism_boundary
    properties:
      minzoom: 10
  - id: protected-areas
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            boundary,
            tags->'protect_class' AS protect_class,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE (boundary IN ('aboriginal_lands', 'national_park')
                 OR leisure = 'nature_reserve'
                 OR (boundary = 'protected_area' AND tags->'protect_class' IN ('1','1a','1b','2','3','4','5','6')))
            AND building IS NULL
            AND way_area > 1*!pixel_width!::real*!pixel_height!::real
        ) AS protected_areas
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 8
  - id: trees
    geometry: polygon
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way, "natural"
          FROM planet_osm_point
          WHERE "natural" = 'tree'
        UNION ALL
        SELECT
            way, "natural"
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE "natural" = 'tree_row'
        ) AS trees
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 16
  - id: country-names
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      # By splitting MPs into polygons, finding the largest in real area, and
      # finding a label point in 4326 we get better labeling points. 4326 does
      # distort the placement, but it does so in a way that results in better
      # results for most countries.
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            (SELECT ST_Transform(ST_PointOnSurface(geom),3857)
              FROM ST_Dump(ST_Transform(way,4326))
              ORDER BY ST_Area(geom::geography) DESC
              LIMIT 1) AS way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            name
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE way && !bbox!
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND boundary = 'administrative'
            AND admin_level = '2'
            AND way_area > 100*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND way_area < 4000000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND osm_id < 0
          ORDER BY way_area DESC
        ) AS country_names
    properties:
      minzoom: 2
  - id: capital-names
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            name,
            CASE
              WHEN (tags->'population' ~ '^[0-9]{1,8}$') THEN (tags->'population')::INTEGER ELSE 0
            END as population,
            round(ascii(md5(osm_id::text)) / 55) AS dir -- base direction factor on geometry to be consistent across metatiles
          FROM planet_osm_point
          WHERE place IN ('city', 'town', 'village', 'hamlet')
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND tags @> 'capital=>yes'
          ORDER BY population DESC
        ) AS capital_names
    properties:
      minzoom: 3
      maxzoom: 15
  - id: state-names
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            name,
            admin_level,
            ref
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE ST_PointOnSurface(way) && !bbox!
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND boundary = 'administrative'
            AND admin_level = '4'
            AND way_area > 3000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND way_area < 4000000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND osm_id < 0
          ORDER BY way_area DESC
        ) AS state_names
    properties:
      minzoom: 4
  - id: placenames-medium
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            name,
            score,
            CASE
              WHEN (place = 'city') THEN 1
              ELSE 2
            END as category,
            round(ascii(md5(osm_id::text)) / 55) AS dir -- base direction factor on geometry to be consistent across metatiles
          FROM
            (SELECT
                osm_id,
                way,
                place,
                name,
                (
                  (CASE
                    WHEN (tags->'population' ~ '^[0-9]{1,8}$') THEN (tags->'population')::INTEGER
                    WHEN (place = 'city') THEN 100000
                    WHEN (place = 'town') THEN 1000
                    ELSE 1
                  END)
                  *
                  (CASE
                    WHEN (tags @> 'capital=>4') THEN 2
                    ELSE 1
                  END)
                ) AS score
              FROM planet_osm_point
              WHERE place IN ('city', 'town')
                AND name IS NOT NULL
                AND NOT (tags @> 'capital=>yes')
            ) as p
          ORDER BY score DESC, length(name) DESC, name
        ) AS placenames_medium
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 4
      maxzoom: 15
  - id: placenames-small
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            place,
            name
          FROM planet_osm_point
          WHERE place IN ('village', 'hamlet')
             AND name IS NOT NULL
             AND NOT tags @> 'capital=>yes'
             OR (place IN ('suburb', 'quarter', 'neighbourhood', 'isolated_dwelling', 'farm')
             ) AND name IS NOT NULL
          ORDER BY CASE
              WHEN place = 'suburb' THEN 7
              WHEN place = 'village' THEN 6
              WHEN place = 'hamlet' THEN 5
              WHEN place = 'quarter' THEN 4
              WHEN place = 'neighbourhood' THEN 3
              WHEN place = 'isolated_dwelling' THEN 2
              WHEN place = 'farm' THEN 1
            END DESC,
            length(name) DESC,
            name
        ) AS placenames_small
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 12
  - id: stations
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            name,
            ref,
            railway,
            aerialway,
            station
          FROM
          (SELECT
              ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
              name,
              ref,
              railway,
              aerialway,
              tags->'station' AS station,
              way_area
            FROM planet_osm_polygon
            WHERE way && !bbox! -- Not ST_PointOnSurface(way) because name might be NULL
              AND way_area < 768000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
          UNION ALL
          SELECT
              way,
              name,
              ref,
              railway,
              aerialway,
              tags->'station' AS station,
              NULL as way_area
            FROM planet_osm_point
            WHERE way && !bbox!
            ) _
          WHERE railway IN ('station', 'halt', 'tram_stop')
            OR railway = 'subway_entrance' AND way_area IS NULL
            OR aerialway = 'station'
          ORDER BY
            CASE railway
              WHEN 'station' THEN 1
              WHEN 'subway_entrance' THEN 3
              ELSE 2
            END,
            way_area DESC NULLS LAST
        ) AS stations
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 12
  - id: junctions
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            highway,
            junction,
            ref,
            name,
            NULL AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_point
          WHERE way && !bbox!
            AND (highway = 'motorway_junction' OR highway = 'traffic_signals' OR junction = 'yes')
        UNION ALL
          SELECT
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            highway,
            junction,
            ref,
            name,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE way && !bbox! -- Not ST_PointOnSurface(way) because name might be NULL
            AND junction = 'yes'
            AND way_area < 768000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
          ORDER BY way_pixels DESC NULLS LAST
        ) AS junctions
    properties:
      minzoom: 11
  - id: bridge-text
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            man_made,
            name
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE ST_PointOnSurface(way) && !bbox!
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND man_made = 'bridge'
            AND way_area > 125*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND way_area < 768000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
          ORDER BY way_area DESC
        ) AS bridge_text
    properties:
      minzoom: 11
  - id: county-names
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            name,
            admin_level
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE ST_PointOnSurface(way) && !bbox!
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND boundary = 'administrative'
            AND admin_level IN ('5', '6')
            AND way_area > 12000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND way_area < 196000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND osm_id < 0
          ORDER BY
            admin_level,
            way_area DESC
        ) AS county_names
    properties:
      minzoom: 8
  - id: amenity-points
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: &amenity_points_sql |-
        (SELECT
            *
          FROM
          (SELECT -- This subselect allows filtering on the feature column
              way,
              CASE
                WHEN amenity = 'parcel_locker'
                THEN CONCAT_WS(E'\n', COALESCE(tags->'brand', tags->'operator', name), ref)
                ELSE
                CONCAT(
                  name,
                  E'\n' || CONCAT( -- by doing this with a || if both the ele and height branches are null, this entire expression is null and only name is used
                    CASE
                      WHEN (tags ? 'ele') AND tags->'ele' ~ '^-?\d{1,4}(\.\d+)?$'
                        AND ("natural" IN ('peak', 'volcano', 'saddle')
                          OR (tourism = 'information' AND tags->'information' = 'guidepost')
                          OR tourism IN ('alpine_hut', 'wilderness_hut')
                          OR (amenity = 'shelter' AND tags->'shelter_type' NOT IN ('public_transport', 'picnic_shelter'))
                          OR tags->'mountain_pass' = 'yes')
                      THEN CONCAT(REPLACE(ROUND((tags->'ele')::NUMERIC)::TEXT, '-', U&'\2212'), U&'\00A0', 'm') END,
                    CASE
                      WHEN (tags ? 'height') AND tags->'height' ~ '^\d{1,3}(\.\d+)?$'
                        AND waterway = 'waterfall'
                      THEN CONCAT(ROUND((tags->'height')::NUMERIC)::TEXT, U&'\00A0', 'm') END
                    )
                  )
                END AS name,
              tags->'parking' as "parking",
              COALESCE(
                'aeroway_' || CASE WHEN aeroway IN ('gate', 'apron', 'helipad', 'aerodrome') THEN aeroway END,
                'tourism_' || CASE WHEN tourism IN ('alpine_hut', 'apartment', 'artwork', 'camp_site', 'caravan_site', 'chalet', 'gallery', 'guest_house',
                                                    'hostel', 'hotel', 'motel', 'museum', 'picnic_site', 'theme_park', 'wilderness_hut',
                                                    'zoo') THEN tourism END,
                'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('arts_centre', 'atm', 'bank', 'bar', 'bbq', 'bicycle_rental',
                                                    'bicycle_repair_station','biergarten', 'boat_rental', 'bureau_de_change', 'bus_station', 'cafe',
                                                    'car_rental', 'car_wash', 'casino', 'charging_station', 'childcare', 'cinema', 'clinic', 'college',
                                                    'community_centre', 'courthouse', 'dentist', 'doctors', 'drinking_water', 'driving_school',
                                                    'fast_food', 'ferry_terminal', 'fire_station', 'food_court', 'fountain', 'fuel', 'grave_yard',
                                                    'hospital', 'hunting_stand', 'ice_cream', 'internet_cafe', 'kindergarten', 'library', 'marketplace',
                                                    'nightclub', 'nursing_home', 'pharmacy', 'place_of_worship', 'police', 'post_box',
                                                    'post_office', 'prison', 'pub', 'public_bath', 'public_bookcase', 'recycling', 'restaurant', 'school',
                                                    'shelter', 'shower', 'social_facility', 'taxi', 'telephone', 'theatre', 'toilets', 'townhall',
                                                    'university', 'vehicle_inspection', 'veterinary') THEN amenity END,
                'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('waste_disposal') AND way_area IS NOT NULL THEN amenity END, -- Waste disposal points are rendered in the low priority layer
                'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('vending_machine') AND tags->'vending' IN ('excrement_bags', 'parking_tickets', 'public_transport_tickets') THEN amenity END,
                'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('parcel_locker') THEN amenity END,
                'diplomatic_'|| CASE WHEN tags->'office' IN ('diplomatic') AND tags->'diplomatic' IN ('embassy', 'consulate') THEN tags->'diplomatic' ELSE NULL END,
                'advertising_' || CASE WHEN tags->'advertising' in ('column') THEN tags->'advertising' END,
                'emergency_' || CASE WHEN tags->'emergency' IN ('phone') AND way_area IS NULL THEN tags->'emergency' END,
                'shop' || CASE WHEN shop IN ('yes', 'no', 'vacant', 'closed', 'disused', 'empty') OR shop IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE '' END,
                'leisure_' || CASE WHEN leisure IN ('amusement_arcade', 'beach_resort', 'bird_hide', 'bowling_alley', 'dog_park', 'firepit', 'fishing',
                                                    'fitness_centre', 'fitness_station', 'garden', 'golf_course', 'ice_rink', 'marina', 'miniature_golf',
                                                    'outdoor_seating', 'park', 'picnic_table', 'pitch', 'playground',
                                                    'sauna', 'slipway', 'sports_centre', 'stadium', 'swimming_area', 'swimming_pool', 'track', 'water_park') THEN leisure END,
                'power_' || CASE WHEN power IN ('plant', 'generator', 'substation') THEN power END,
                'man_made_' || CASE WHEN (man_made IN ('chimney', 'communications_tower', 'crane', 'lighthouse', 'mast', 'obelisk', 'silo', 'storage_tank',
                                                       'telescope', 'tower', 'wastewater_plant', 'water_tower', 'water_works', 'windmill', 'works')
                                            AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('roof', 'rooftop') OR NOT (tags ? 'location'))) THEN man_made END,
                'landuse_' || CASE WHEN landuse IN ('reservoir', 'basin', 'recreation_ground', 'village_green', 'quarry', 'vineyard', 'orchard', 'cemetery',
                                                    'residential', 'garages', 'meadow', 'grass', 'allotments', 'forest', 'farmyard', 'farmland',
                                                    'greenhouse_horticulture', 'retail', 'industrial', 'railway', 'commercial', 'brownfield', 'landfill',
                                                    'construction', 'salt_pond', 'military', 'plant_nursery') THEN landuse END,
                'natural_' || CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('peak', 'volcano', 'saddle', 'cave_entrance') AND way_area IS NULL THEN "natural" END,
                'natural_' || CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('wood', 'water', 'mud', 'wetland', 'bay', 'spring', 'scree', 'shingle', 'bare_rock', 'sand', 'heath',
                                                      'grassland', 'scrub', 'beach', 'glacier', 'tree', 'strait', 'cape')
                                                      THEN "natural" END,
                'mountain_pass' || CASE WHEN tags->'mountain_pass' IN ('yes') THEN '' END, -- after natural=saddle to give priority to that tag on the same node
                'waterway_' || CASE WHEN "waterway" IN ('waterfall') AND way_area IS NULL THEN waterway END,
                'place_' || CASE WHEN place IN ('island', 'islet', 'square') THEN place END,
                'historic_' || CASE WHEN historic IN ('memorial', 'monument', 'archaeological_site', 'fort', 'castle', 'manor', 'city_gate')
                              THEN historic END,
                'military_'|| CASE WHEN military IN ('danger_area', 'bunker') THEN military END,
                'highway_' || CASE WHEN highway IN ('services', 'rest_area', 'bus_stop', 'elevator', 'traffic_signals') THEN highway END,
                'highway_'|| CASE WHEN tags @> 'ford=>yes' OR tags @> 'ford=>stepping_stones' AND way_area IS NULL THEN 'ford' END,
                'boundary_' || CASE WHEN boundary IN ('aboriginal_lands', 'national_park')
                                          OR (boundary = 'protected_area' AND tags->'protect_class' IN ('1','1a','1b','2','3','4','5','6'))
                                          THEN boundary END,
                'leisure_' || CASE WHEN leisure IN ('nature_reserve') THEN leisure END,
                'tourism_' || CASE WHEN tourism IN ('information') AND tags->'information' IN ('audioguide', 'board', 'guidepost', 'office', 'map', 'tactile_map', 'terminal') THEN tourism END,
                'office' || CASE WHEN tags->'office' IN ('no', 'vacant', 'closed', 'disused', 'empty') OR (tags->'office') IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE '' END,
                'barrier_' || CASE WHEN barrier IN ('toll_booth') AND way_area IS NULL THEN barrier END,
                'waterway_' || CASE WHEN waterway IN ('dam', 'weir', 'dock') THEN waterway END,
                'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('bicycle_parking', 'motorcycle_parking') THEN amenity END,
                'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('parking') AND (tags->'parking' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'parking') IS NULL) THEN amenity END,
                'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('parking_entrance')
                                        AND tags->'parking' IN ('multi-storey', 'underground')
                                        AND (access IS NULL OR access NOT IN ('private', 'no', 'customers', 'permit', 'delivery'))
                                        AND way_area IS NULL
                                   THEN amenity END,
                'tourism_' || CASE WHEN tourism IN ('viewpoint', 'attraction') THEN tourism END,
                'place_' || CASE WHEN place IN ('locality') AND way_area IS NULL THEN place END,
                'golf_' || CASE WHEN tags->'golf' IN ('hole', 'pin') THEN tags->'golf' END
              ) AS feature,
              CASE WHEN access IN ('private', 'no', 'customers', 'permit', 'delivery') THEN 'restricted' ELSE 'yes' END AS int_access,
              CASE
                WHEN "natural" IN ('peak', 'volcano', 'saddle') 
                     OR tags->'mountain_pass' = 'yes' THEN
                  CASE
                    WHEN tags->'ele' ~ '^-?\d{1,4}(\.\d+)?$' THEN (tags->'ele')::NUMERIC
                  END
                WHEN "waterway" IN ('waterfall') THEN
                  CASE
                    WHEN tags->'height' ~ '^\d{1,3}(\.\d+)?( m)?$' THEN (SUBSTRING(tags->'height', '^(\d{1,3}(\.\d+)?)( m)?$'))::NUMERIC
                  END
              END AS score,
              religion,
              tags->'denomination' as denomination,
              tags->'generator:source' as "generator:source",
              CASE
                WHEN (man_made IN ('mast', 'tower', 'chimney', 'crane') AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('roof', 'rooftop') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL))
                      OR waterway IN ('waterfall') THEN
                  CASE
                    WHEN tags->'height' ~ '^\d{1,3}(\.\d+)?( m)?$' THEN (SUBSTRING(tags->'height', '^(\d{1,3}(\.\d+)?)( m)?$'))::NUMERIC
                  END
              END AS height,
              tags->'location' as location,
              tags->'icao' as icao,
              tags->'iata' as iata,
              tags->'office' as office,
              tags->'recycling_type' as recycling_type,
              tags->'tower:construction' as "tower:construction",
              tags->'tower:type' as "tower:type",
              tags->'telescope:type' as "telescope:type",
              CASE
                WHEN man_made IN ('telescope') THEN
                  CASE
                    WHEN tags->'telescope:diameter' ~ '^-?\d{1,4}(\.\d+)?$' THEN (tags->'telescope:diameter')::NUMERIC
                  END
              END AS "telescope:diameter",
              tags->'castle_type' as castle_type,
              tags->'sport' as sport,
              tags->'information' as information,
              tags->'memorial' as memorial,
              tags->'artwork_type' as artwork_type,
              tags->'vending' as vending,
              CASE WHEN shop IN ('supermarket', 'bag', 'bakery', 'beauty', 'bed', 'bookmaker', 'books', 'butcher', 'carpet', 'clothes', 'computer',
                                'confectionery', 'fashion', 'convenience', 'department_store', 'doityourself', 'hardware', 'fabric', 'fishmonger', 'florist',
                                'garden_centre', 'hairdresser', 'hifi', 'car', 'car_repair', 'bicycle', 'mall', 'pet',
                                'photo', 'photo_studio', 'photography', 'seafood', 'shoes', 'alcohol', 'gift', 'furniture', 'kiosk',
                                'mobile_phone', 'motorcycle', 'musical_instrument', 'newsagent', 'optician', 'jewelry', 'jewellery',
                                'electronics', 'chemist', 'toys', 'travel_agency', 'car_parts', 'greengrocer', 'farm', 'stationery',
                                'laundry', 'dry_cleaning', 'beverages', 'perfumery', 'cosmetics', 'variety_store', 'wine', 'outdoor',
                                'copyshop', 'sports', 'deli', 'tobacco', 'art', 'tea', 'coffee', 'tyres', 'pastry', 'chocolate',
                                'music', 'medical_supply', 'dairy', 'video_games', 'houseware', 'ticket', 'charity', 'second_hand',
                                'interior_decoration', 'video', 'paint', 'massage', 'trade', 'wholesale') THEN shop
                                ELSE 'other' END AS shop,
              CASE WHEN building = 'no' OR building IS NULL THEN 'no' ELSE 'yes' END AS is_building,
              tags->'operator' AS operator,
              ref,
              way_area,
              COALESCE(way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0), 0) AS way_pixels
            FROM
              (SELECT
                  ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
                  name,
                  access,
                  aeroway,
                  amenity,
                  barrier,
                  boundary,
                  building,
                  highway,
                  historic,
                  landuse,
                  leisure,
                  man_made,
                  military,
                  "natural",
                  place,
                  power,
                  ref,
                  religion,
                  shop,
                  tourism,
                  waterway,
                  tags,
                  way_area
                FROM planet_osm_polygon
                WHERE way && !bbox! -- Not ST_PointOnSurface(way) because name might be NULL
                  AND way_area < 768000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
              UNION ALL
              SELECT
                  way,
                  name,
                  access,
                  aeroway,
                  amenity,
                  barrier,
                  boundary,
                  building,
                  highway,
                  historic,
                  landuse,
                  leisure,
                  man_made,
                  military,
                  "natural",
                  place,
                  power,
                  ref,
                  religion,
                  shop,
                  tourism,
                  waterway,
                  tags,
                  NULL AS way_area
                FROM planet_osm_point
                WHERE way && !bbox!
              ) _
            ) AS features
          WHERE feature IS NOT NULL
          ORDER BY score DESC NULLS LAST,
            way_pixels DESC NULLS LAST
          ) AS amenity_points
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 10
  - id: amenity-line
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
          way,
          COALESCE(
           'highway_' || CASE WHEN tags @> 'ford=>yes' OR tags @> 'ford=>stepping_stones' THEN 'ford' END,
           'leisure_' || CASE WHEN leisure IN ('slipway', 'track') THEN leisure END,
           'attraction_' || CASE WHEN tags @> 'attraction=>water_slide' THEN 'water_slide' END
            ) AS feature
          FROM planet_osm_line
          -- The upcoming where clause is needed for performance only, as the CASE statements would end up doing the equivalent filtering
          WHERE tags @> 'ford=>yes' OR tags @> 'ford=>stepping_stones'
            OR leisure IN ('slipway', 'track')
            OR tags @> 'attraction=>water_slide'
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0)
        ) AS amenity_line
    properties:
      minzoom: 16
  - id: power-towers
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            power
        FROM planet_osm_point
        WHERE power IN ('tower', 'pole')
        ORDER BY
          CASE power
            WHEN 'tower' THEN 2
            WHEN 'pole' THEN 1
          END DESC
        ) AS power_towers
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: roads-text-ref-low-zoom
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            highway,
            height,
            width,
            refs
          FROM (
            SELECT
                way,
                osm_id,
                highway,
                array_length(refs,1) AS height,
                (SELECT MAX(char_length(ref)) FROM unnest(refs) AS u(ref)) AS width,
                array_to_string(refs, E'\n') AS refs
              FROM (
                SELECT
                    way,
                    osm_id,
                    highway,
                    string_to_array(ref, ';') AS refs
                FROM planet_osm_roads
                  WHERE highway IN ('motorway', 'trunk', 'primary', 'secondary')
                  AND ref IS NOT NULL
              ) AS p) AS q
          WHERE height <= 4 AND width <= 11
          ORDER BY
            CASE
              WHEN highway = 'motorway' THEN 38
              WHEN highway = 'trunk' THEN 37
              WHEN highway = 'primary' THEN 36
              WHEN highway = 'secondary' THEN 35
            END DESC NULLS LAST,
            height DESC,
            width DESC,
            refs,
            osm_id
        ) AS roads_text_ref_low_zoom
    properties:
      minzoom: 10
      maxzoom: 12
  - id: roads-text-ref
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            highway,
            height,
            width,
            refs
          FROM (
            SELECT
                osm_id,
                way,
                highway,
                array_length(refs,1) AS height,
                (SELECT MAX(char_length(ref)) FROM unnest(refs) AS u(ref)) AS width,
                array_to_string(refs, E'\n') AS refs
              FROM (
                SELECT
                    osm_id,
                    way,
                    COALESCE(
                      CASE WHEN highway IN ('motorway', 'trunk', 'primary', 'secondary', 'tertiary') THEN highway END,
                      CASE WHEN aeroway IN ('runway', 'taxiway') THEN aeroway END
                    ) AS highway,
                    string_to_array(ref, ';') AS refs
                  FROM planet_osm_line
                  WHERE (highway IN ('motorway', 'trunk', 'primary', 'secondary', 'tertiary') OR aeroway IN ('runway', 'taxiway'))
                    AND ref IS NOT NULL
              ) AS p) AS q
          WHERE height <= 4 AND width <= 11
          ORDER BY
            CASE
              WHEN highway = 'motorway' THEN 38
              WHEN highway = 'trunk' THEN 37
              WHEN highway = 'primary' THEN 36
              WHEN highway = 'secondary' THEN 35
              WHEN highway = 'tertiary' THEN 34
              WHEN highway = 'runway' THEN 6
              WHEN highway = 'taxiway' THEN 5
            END DESC NULLS LAST,
            height DESC,
            width DESC,
            refs,
            osm_id
        ) AS roads_text_ref
    properties:
      minzoom: 13
  - id: roads-area-text-name
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            highway,
            name
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE ST_PointOnSurface(way) && !bbox!
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND (highway IN ('pedestrian', 'footway', 'service', 'living_street', 'platform')
              OR (railway IN ('platform')
                  AND (tags->'location' NOT IN ('underground') OR (tags->'location') IS NULL)
                  AND (tunnel NOT IN ('yes', 'building_passage') OR tunnel IS NULL)
                  AND (covered NOT IN ('yes') OR covered IS NULL)))
            AND way_area > 3000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND way_area < 768000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
          ORDER BY way_area DESC
        ) AS roads_area_text_name
    properties:
      minzoom: 15
  - id: roads-text-name
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            CASE WHEN substr(highway, length(highway)-4, 5) = '_link' THEN substr(highway, 0, length(highway)-4) ELSE highway END,
            CASE WHEN (tunnel = 'yes' OR tunnel = 'building_passage' OR covered = 'yes') THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS tunnel,
            construction,
            name,
            CASE
              WHEN oneway IN ('yes', '-1') THEN oneway
              WHEN junction IN ('roundabout') AND (oneway IS NULL OR NOT oneway IN ('no', 'reversible')) THEN 'yes'
            END AS oneway,
            horse, bicycle
          FROM planet_osm_line l
          WHERE highway IN ('motorway', 'motorway_link', 'trunk', 'trunk_link', 'primary', 'primary_link', 'secondary', 'secondary_link', 'tertiary',
                            'tertiary_link', 'residential', 'unclassified', 'road', 'service', 'pedestrian', 'raceway', 'living_street', 'construction')
            AND (name IS NOT NULL
              OR oneway IN ('yes', '-1')
              OR junction IN ('roundabout'))
          ORDER BY
            z_order DESC, -- put important roads first
            COALESCE(layer, 0), -- put top layered roads first
            length(name) DESC, -- Try to fit big labels in first
            name DESC, -- Force a consistent ordering between differently named streets
            l.osm_id DESC -- Force an ordering for streets of the same name, e.g. dualized roads
        ) AS roads_text_name
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 13
  - id: paths-text-name
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            highway,
            construction,
            name,
            CASE
              WHEN oneway IN ('yes', '-1') THEN oneway
              WHEN junction IN ('roundabout') AND (oneway IS NULL OR NOT oneway IN ('no', 'reversible')) THEN 'yes'
            END AS oneway,
            horse,
            bicycle
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE highway IN ('bridleway', 'footway', 'cycleway', 'path', 'track', 'steps', 'construction')
            AND (name IS NOT NULL
              OR oneway IN ('yes', '-1')
              OR junction IN ('roundabout'))
        ) AS paths_text_name
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 15
  - id: railways-text-name
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            CASE WHEN railway = 'preserved' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard') THEN 'INT-preserved-ssy'::text
                 WHEN (railway = 'rail' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'INT-spur-siding-yard'
                 WHEN (railway = 'tram' AND service IN ('spur', 'siding', 'yard')) THEN 'tram-service' ELSE railway END AS railway,
            CASE WHEN (tunnel = 'yes' OR tunnel = 'building_passage' OR covered = 'yes') THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS tunnel,
            tags->'highspeed' as highspeed,
            tags->'usage' as usage,
            construction,
            name
          FROM planet_osm_line l
          WHERE railway IN ('rail', 'subway', 'narrow_gauge', 'light_rail', 'preserved', 'funicular',
                            'monorail', 'miniature', 'tram', 'disused', 'construction')
            AND (tunnel IS NULL OR NOT tunnel IN ('yes', 'building_passage'))
            AND highway IS NULL -- Prevent duplicate rendering
            AND name IS NOT NULL
          ORDER BY
            z_order DESC, -- put important rails first
            COALESCE(layer, 0), -- put top layered rails first
            length(name) DESC, -- Try to fit big labels in first
            name DESC, -- Force a consistent ordering between differently named railways
            l.osm_id DESC -- Force an ordering for railways of the same name, e.g. dualized rails
        ) AS railways_text_name
    properties:
      minzoom: 11
  - id: roads-text-ref-minor
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            highway,
            height,
            width,
            refs
          FROM (
            SELECT
                osm_id,
                way,
                highway,
                array_length(refs,1) AS height,
                (SELECT MAX(char_length(ref)) FROM unnest(refs) AS u(ref)) AS width,
                array_to_string(refs, E'\n') AS refs
              FROM (
                SELECT
                    osm_id,
                    way,
                    CASE WHEN highway IN ('unclassified', 'residential', 'track') THEN highway END AS highway,
                    string_to_array(ref, ';') AS refs
                  FROM planet_osm_line
                  WHERE highway IN ('unclassified', 'residential', 'track')
                    AND ref IS NOT NULL
              ) AS p) AS q
          WHERE height <= 4 AND width <= 11
          ORDER BY
            CASE
              WHEN highway = 'unclassified' THEN 33
              WHEN highway = 'residential' THEN 32
              WHEN highway = 'track' THEN 30
            END DESC NULLS LAST,
            height DESC,
            width DESC,
            refs,
            osm_id
        ) AS roads_text_ref_minor
    properties:
      minzoom: 15
  - id: text-poly-low-zoom
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels,
            COALESCE(
              'landuse_' || CASE WHEN landuse IN ('forest', 'military', 'farmland') THEN landuse END,
              'military_' || CASE WHEN military IN ('danger_area') THEN military END,
              'natural_' || CASE WHEN "natural" IN ('wood', 'glacier', 'sand', 'scree', 'shingle', 'bare_rock', 'water') THEN "natural" END,
              'place_' || CASE WHEN place IN ('island') THEN place END,
              'boundary_' || CASE WHEN boundary IN ('aboriginal_lands', 'national_park')
                                       OR (boundary = 'protected_area' AND tags->'protect_class' IN ('1','1a','1b','2','3','4','5','6'))
                                       THEN boundary END,
              'leisure_' || CASE WHEN leisure IN ('nature_reserve') THEN leisure END
            ) AS feature,
            name,
            CASE WHEN building = 'no' OR building IS NULL THEN 'no' ELSE 'yes' END AS is_building -- always no with the where conditions
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE ST_PointOnSurface(way) && !bbox!
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND (landuse IN ('forest', 'military', 'farmland')
              OR military IN ('danger_area')
              OR "natural" IN ('wood', 'glacier', 'sand', 'scree', 'shingle', 'bare_rock', 'water')
              OR "place" IN ('island')
              OR boundary IN ('aboriginal_lands', 'national_park')
              OR (boundary = 'protected_area' AND tags->'protect_class' IN ('1','1a','1b','2','3','4','5','6'))
              OR leisure IN ('nature_reserve'))
            AND building IS NULL
            AND way_area > 100*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
            AND way_area < 768000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
          ORDER BY way_area DESC
        ) AS text_poly_low_zoom
    properties:
      minzoom: 4
      maxzoom: 9
  - id: text-line
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
          way,
            NULL as way_pixels,
            COALESCE('aerialway_' || aerialway, 'attraction_' || CASE WHEN tags @> 'attraction=>water_slide' THEN 'water_slide' END, 'leisure_' || leisure, 'man_made_' || man_made, 'waterway_' || waterway, 'natural_' || "natural", 'golf_' || (tags->'golf')) AS feature,
            access,
            name,
            tags->'operator' as operator,
            ref,
            NULL AS way_area,
            CASE WHEN building = 'no' OR building IS NULL THEN 'no' ELSE 'yes' END AS is_building
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE ((man_made IN ('pier', 'breakwater', 'groyne', 'embankment')
              OR (man_made = 'pipeline'
                 AND tags-> 'location' IN ('overground', 'overhead', 'surface', 'outdoor')
                 OR bridge IN ('yes', 'aqueduct', 'cantilever', 'covered', 'trestle', 'viaduct'))
              OR tags @> 'attraction=>water_slide'
              OR aerialway IN ('cable_car', 'gondola', 'mixed_lift', 'goods', 'chair_lift', 'drag_lift', 't-bar', 'j-bar', 'platter', 'rope_tow', 'zip_line')
              OR leisure IN ('slipway', 'track')
              OR waterway IN ('dam', 'weir')
              OR "natural" IN ('arete', 'cliff', 'ridge'))
            AND name IS NOT NULL)
            OR (tags @> 'golf=>hole' AND ref IS NOT NULL)
        ) AS text_line
    properties:
      minzoom: 10
  - id: text-point
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      # Include values that are rendered as icon without label to prevent mismatch between icons and labels,
      # see https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/pull/1349#issuecomment-77805678
      table: *amenity_points_sql
    properties:
      minzoom: 10
  - id: building-text
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            name,
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE ST_PointOnSurface(way) && !bbox!
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND building IS NOT NULL
            AND building NOT IN ('no')
            AND way_area < 4000000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
          ORDER BY way_area DESC
        ) AS building_text
    properties:
      minzoom: 14
  - id: interpolation
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE "addr:interpolation" IS NOT NULL
        ) AS interpolation
    properties:
      minzoom: 17
  - id: addresses
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
            "addr:housenumber" AS addr_housenumber,
            "addr:housename" AS addr_housename,
            tags->'addr:unit' AS addr_unit,
            tags->'addr:flats' AS addr_flats,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE way && !bbox! -- Not ST_PointOnSurface(way) because name might be NULL
            AND (("addr:housenumber" IS NOT NULL) OR ("addr:housename" IS NOT NULL) OR ((tags->'addr:unit') IS NOT NULL) OR ((tags->'addr:flats') IS NOT NULL))
            AND building IS NOT NULL
            AND way_area < 4000000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
        UNION ALL
        SELECT
            way,
            "addr:housenumber" AS addr_housenumber,
            "addr:housename" AS addr_housename,
            tags->'addr:unit' AS addr_unit,
            tags->'addr:flats' AS addr_flats,
            NULL AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_point
          WHERE way && !bbox!
            AND (("addr:housenumber" IS NOT NULL) OR ("addr:housename" IS NOT NULL) OR ((tags->'addr:unit') IS NOT NULL) OR ((tags->'addr:flats') IS NOT NULL))
          ORDER BY way_pixels DESC NULLS LAST
        ) AS addresses
    properties:
      minzoom: 17
  - id: water-lines-text
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            waterway,
            lock,
            name,
            "natural",
            tags->'lock_name' AS lock_name,
            CASE WHEN tags->'intermittent' IN ('yes')
              OR tags->'seasonal' IN ('yes', 'spring', 'summer', 'autumn', 'winter', 'wet_season', 'dry_season')
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_intermittent,
            CASE WHEN tunnel IN ('yes', 'culvert') 
              OR waterway = 'canal' AND tunnel = 'flooded'
              THEN 'yes' ELSE 'no' END AS int_tunnel
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE (waterway IN ('river', 'canal', 'stream', 'drain', 'ditch')
                 OR "natural" IN ('bay', 'strait'))
            AND (tunnel IS NULL OR tunnel != 'culvert')
            AND name IS NOT NULL
          ORDER BY COALESCE(layer,0)
        ) AS water_lines_text
    properties:
      minzoom: 13
  - id: ferry-routes-text
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            name
          FROM planet_osm_line
          WHERE route = 'ferry'
            AND osm_id > 0
            AND name IS NOT NULL
        ) AS ferry_routes_text
    properties:
      minzoom: 13
  - id: admin-text
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            name,
            admin_level,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE boundary = 'administrative'
            AND admin_level IN ('1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10')
            AND name IS NOT NULL
            AND osm_id < 0
            AND way_area > 196000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
          ORDER BY admin_level::integer ASC, way_area DESC
        ) AS admin_text
    properties:
      minzoom: 11
  - id: protected-areas-text
    geometry: linestring
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            name,
            boundary,
            tags->'protect_class' AS protect_class,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
          FROM planet_osm_polygon
          WHERE (boundary IN ('aboriginal_lands', 'national_park')
                 OR leisure = 'nature_reserve'
                 OR (boundary = 'protected_area' AND tags->'protect_class' IN ('1','1a','1b','2','3','4','5','6')))
            AND name IS NOT NULL
        ) AS protected_areas_text
    properties:
      minzoom: 13
  - id: amenity-low-priority
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      table: &amenity_low_priority_sql |-
        (SELECT
            way,
            name,
            COALESCE(
              'railway_' || CASE WHEN railway IN ('level_crossing', 'crossing') AND way_area IS NULL THEN railway END,
              'amenity_' || CASE WHEN amenity IN ('bench', 'waste_basket', 'waste_disposal') AND way_area IS NULL THEN amenity END,
              'historic_' || CASE WHEN historic IN ('wayside_cross', 'wayside_shrine') AND way_area IS NULL THEN historic END,
              'man_made_' || CASE WHEN man_made IN ('cross') AND way_area IS NULL THEN man_made END,
              'barrier_' || CASE WHEN barrier IN ('bollard', 'gate', 'lift_gate', 'swing_gate', 'block', 'log', 'cattle_grid', 'stile', 'motorcycle_barrier', 'cycle_barrier', 'full-height_turnstile', 'turnstile', 'kissing_gate') THEN barrier END
            )  AS feature,
            CASE WHEN access IN ('private', 'no', 'customers', 'permit', 'delivery') THEN 'restricted' ELSE 'yes' END AS int_access,
            way_area,
            way_area/NULLIF(POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2),0) AS way_pixels
            FROM
              (SELECT
                  ST_PointOnSurface(way) AS way,
                  name,
                  access,
                  amenity,
                  barrier,
                  highway,
                  historic,
                  man_made,
                  railway,
                  tags,
                  way_area
                FROM planet_osm_polygon
                WHERE way && !bbox! -- Not ST_PointOnSurface(way) because name might be NULL
                  AND way_area < 768000*POW(!scale_denominator!*0.001*0.28,2)
              UNION ALL
              SELECT
                  way,
                  name,
                  access,
                  amenity,
                  barrier,
                  highway,
                  historic,
                  man_made,
                  railway,
                  tags,
                  NULL AS way_area
                FROM planet_osm_point
                WHERE way && !bbox!
              ) _
            WHERE railway IN ('level_crossing', 'crossing')
               OR amenity IN ('bench', 'waste_basket', 'waste_disposal')
               OR historic IN ('wayside_cross', 'wayside_shrine')
               OR man_made IN ('cross')
               OR barrier IN ('bollard', 'gate', 'lift_gate', 'swing_gate', 'block', 'log', 'cattle_grid', 'stile', 'motorcycle_barrier', 'cycle_barrier', 'full-height_turnstile', 'turnstile', 'kissing_gate')
            ORDER BY
              CASE amenity
                WHEN 'waste_basket' THEN 1
                WHEN 'waste_disposal' THEN 1
                WHEN 'bench' THEN 2
                WHEN NULL THEN 3
              END DESC,
              way_pixels DESC NULLS LAST
          ) AS amenity_low_priority
    properties:
      cache-features: true
      minzoom: 14
  - id: text-low-priority
    geometry: point
    <<: *extents
    Datasource:
      <<: *osm2pgsql
      # Include values that are rendered as icon without label to prevent mismatch between icons and labels,
      # see https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/pull/1349#issuecomment-77805678
      table: *amenity_low_priority_sql
    properties:
      minzoom: 17