base.go

package command

import (
	"bytes"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"regexp"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/api"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/command/token"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/helper/namespace"
	"github.com/mitchellh/cli"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/posener/complete"
)

const (
	// maxLineLength is the maximum width of any line.
	maxLineLength int = 78

	// notSetNamespace is a flag value for a not-set namespace
	notSetNamespace = "(not set)"
)

// reRemoveWhitespace is a regular expression for stripping whitespace from
// a string.
var reRemoveWhitespace = regexp.MustCompile(`[\s]+`)

type BaseCommand struct {
	UI cli.Ui

	flags     *FlagSets
	flagsOnce sync.Once

	flagAddress       string
	flagCACert        string
	flagCAPath        string
	flagClientCert    string
	flagClientKey     string
	flagNamespace     string
	flagNS            string
	flagTLSServerName string
	flagTLSSkipVerify bool
	flagWrapTTL       time.Duration

	flagFormat string
	flagField  string

	flagMFA []string

	tokenHelper token.TokenHelper

	client *api.Client
}

// Client returns the HTTP API client. The client is cached on the command to
// save performance on future calls.
func (c *BaseCommand) Client() (*api.Client, error) {
	// Read the test client if present
	if c.client != nil {
		return c.client, nil
	}

	config := api.DefaultConfig()

	if err := config.ReadEnvironment(); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read environment")
	}

	if c.flagAddress != "" {
		config.Address = c.flagAddress
	}

	// If we need custom TLS configuration, then set it
	if c.flagCACert != "" || c.flagCAPath != "" || c.flagClientCert != "" ||
		c.flagClientKey != "" || c.flagTLSServerName != "" || c.flagTLSSkipVerify {
		t := &api.TLSConfig{
			CACert:        c.flagCACert,
			CAPath:        c.flagCAPath,
			ClientCert:    c.flagClientCert,
			ClientKey:     c.flagClientKey,
			TLSServerName: c.flagTLSServerName,
			Insecure:      c.flagTLSSkipVerify,
		}
		config.ConfigureTLS(t)
	}

	// Build the client
	client, err := api.NewClient(config)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create client")
	}

	// Turn off retries on the CLI
	if os.Getenv(api.EnvVaultMaxRetries) == "" {
		client.SetMaxRetries(0)
	}

	// Set the wrapping function
	client.SetWrappingLookupFunc(c.DefaultWrappingLookupFunc)

	// Get the token if it came in from the environment
	token := client.Token()

	// If we don't have a token, check the token helper
	if token == "" {
		helper, err := c.TokenHelper()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get token helper")
		}
		token, err = helper.Get()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get token from token helper")
		}
	}

	// Set the token
	if token != "" {
		client.SetToken(token)
	}

	client.SetMFACreds(c.flagMFA)

	// flagNS takes precedence over flagNamespace. After resolution, point both
	// flags to the same value to be able to use them interchangeably anywhere.
	if c.flagNS != notSetNamespace {
		c.flagNamespace = c.flagNS
	}
	if c.flagNamespace != notSetNamespace {
		client.SetNamespace(namespace.Canonicalize(c.flagNamespace))
	}

	c.client = client

	return client, nil
}

// SetAddress sets the token helper on the command; useful for the demo server and other outside cases.
func (c *BaseCommand) SetAddress(addr string) {
	c.flagAddress = addr
}

// SetTokenHelper sets the token helper on the command.
func (c *BaseCommand) SetTokenHelper(th token.TokenHelper) {
	c.tokenHelper = th
}

// TokenHelper returns the token helper attached to the command.
func (c *BaseCommand) TokenHelper() (token.TokenHelper, error) {
	if c.tokenHelper != nil {
		return c.tokenHelper, nil
	}

	helper, err := DefaultTokenHelper()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return helper, nil
}

// DefaultWrappingLookupFunc is the default wrapping function based on the
// CLI flag.
func (c *BaseCommand) DefaultWrappingLookupFunc(operation, path string) string {
	if c.flagWrapTTL != 0 {
		return c.flagWrapTTL.String()
	}

	return api.DefaultWrappingLookupFunc(operation, path)
}

type FlagSetBit uint

const (
	FlagSetNone FlagSetBit = 1 << iota
	FlagSetHTTP
	FlagSetOutputField
	FlagSetOutputFormat
)

// flagSet creates the flags for this command. The result is cached on the
// command to save performance on future calls.
func (c *BaseCommand) flagSet(bit FlagSetBit) *FlagSets {
	c.flagsOnce.Do(func() {
		set := NewFlagSets(c.UI)

		// These flag sets will apply to all leaf subcommands.
		// TODO: Optional, but FlagSetHTTP can be safely removed from the individual
		// Flags() subcommands.
		bit = bit | FlagSetHTTP

		if bit&FlagSetHTTP != 0 {
			f := set.NewFlagSet("HTTP Options")

			addrStringVar := &StringVar{
				Name:       "address",
				Target:     &c.flagAddress,
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_ADDR",
				Completion: complete.PredictAnything,
				Usage:      "Address of the Vault server.",
			}
			if c.flagAddress != "" {
				addrStringVar.Default = c.flagAddress
			} else {
				addrStringVar.Default = "https://127.0.0.1:8200"
			}
			f.StringVar(addrStringVar)

			f.StringVar(&StringVar{
				Name:       "ca-cert",
				Target:     &c.flagCACert,
				Default:    "",
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_CACERT",
				Completion: complete.PredictFiles("*"),
				Usage: "Path on the local disk to a single PEM-encoded CA " +
					"certificate to verify the Vault server's SSL certificate. This " +
					"takes precedence over -ca-path.",
			})

			f.StringVar(&StringVar{
				Name:       "ca-path",
				Target:     &c.flagCAPath,
				Default:    "",
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_CAPATH",
				Completion: complete.PredictDirs("*"),
				Usage: "Path on the local disk to a directory of PEM-encoded CA " +
					"certificates to verify the Vault server's SSL certificate.",
			})

			f.StringVar(&StringVar{
				Name:       "client-cert",
				Target:     &c.flagClientCert,
				Default:    "",
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_CLIENT_CERT",
				Completion: complete.PredictFiles("*"),
				Usage: "Path on the local disk to a single PEM-encoded CA " +
					"certificate to use for TLS authentication to the Vault server. If " +
					"this flag is specified, -client-key is also required.",
			})

			f.StringVar(&StringVar{
				Name:       "client-key",
				Target:     &c.flagClientKey,
				Default:    "",
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_CLIENT_KEY",
				Completion: complete.PredictFiles("*"),
				Usage: "Path on the local disk to a single PEM-encoded private key " +
					"matching the client certificate from -client-cert.",
			})

			f.StringVar(&StringVar{
				Name:       "namespace",
				Target:     &c.flagNamespace,
				Default:    notSetNamespace, // this can never be a real value
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_NAMESPACE",
				Completion: complete.PredictAnything,
				Usage: "The namespace to use for the command. Setting this is not " +
					"necessary but allows using relative paths. -ns can be used as " +
					"shortcut.",
			})

			f.StringVar(&StringVar{
				Name:       "ns",
				Target:     &c.flagNS,
				Default:    notSetNamespace, // this can never be a real value
				Completion: complete.PredictAnything,
				Hidden:     true,
				Usage:      "Alias for -namespace. This takes precedence over -namespace.",
			})

			f.StringVar(&StringVar{
				Name:       "tls-server-name",
				Target:     &c.flagTLSServerName,
				Default:    "",
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_TLS_SERVER_NAME",
				Completion: complete.PredictAnything,
				Usage: "Name to use as the SNI host when connecting to the Vault " +
					"server via TLS.",
			})

			f.BoolVar(&BoolVar{
				Name:    "tls-skip-verify",
				Target:  &c.flagTLSSkipVerify,
				Default: false,
				EnvVar:  "VAULT_SKIP_VERIFY",
				Usage: "Disable verification of TLS certificates. Using this option " +
					"is highly discouraged and decreases the security of data " +
					"transmissions to and from the Vault server.",
			})

			f.DurationVar(&DurationVar{
				Name:       "wrap-ttl",
				Target:     &c.flagWrapTTL,
				Default:    0,
				EnvVar:     "VAULT_WRAP_TTL",
				Completion: complete.PredictAnything,
				Usage: "Wraps the response in a cubbyhole token with the requested " +
					"TTL. The response is available via the \"vault unwrap\" command. " +
					"The TTL is specified as a numeric string with suffix like \"30s\" " +
					"or \"5m\".",
			})

			f.StringSliceVar(&StringSliceVar{
				Name:       "mfa",
				Target:     &c.flagMFA,
				Default:    nil,
				EnvVar:     api.EnvVaultMFA,
				Completion: complete.PredictAnything,
				Usage:      "Supply MFA credentials as part of X-Vault-MFA header.",
			})
		}

		if bit&(FlagSetOutputField|FlagSetOutputFormat) != 0 {
			f := set.NewFlagSet("Output Options")

			if bit&FlagSetOutputField != 0 {
				f.StringVar(&StringVar{
					Name:       "field",
					Target:     &c.flagField,
					Default:    "",
					Completion: complete.PredictAnything,
					Usage: "Print only the field with the given name. Specifying " +
						"this option will take precedence over other formatting " +
						"directives. The result will not have a trailing newline " +
						"making it ideal for piping to other processes.",
				})
			}

			if bit&FlagSetOutputFormat != 0 {
				f.StringVar(&StringVar{
					Name:       "format",
					Target:     &c.flagFormat,
					Default:    "table",
					EnvVar:     EnvVaultFormat,
					Completion: complete.PredictSet("table", "json", "yaml"),
					Usage: "Print the output in the given format. Valid formats " +
						"are \"table\", \"json\", or \"yaml\".",
				})
			}
		}

		c.flags = set
	})

	return c.flags
}

// FlagSets is a group of flag sets.
type FlagSets struct {
	flagSets    []*FlagSet
	mainSet     *flag.FlagSet
	hiddens     map[string]struct{}
	completions complete.Flags
}

// NewFlagSets creates a new flag sets.
func NewFlagSets(ui cli.Ui) *FlagSets {
	mainSet := flag.NewFlagSet("", flag.ContinueOnError)

	// Errors and usage are controlled by the CLI.
	mainSet.Usage = func() {}
	mainSet.SetOutput(ioutil.Discard)

	return &FlagSets{
		flagSets:    make([]*FlagSet, 0, 6),
		mainSet:     mainSet,
		hiddens:     make(map[string]struct{}),
		completions: complete.Flags{},
	}
}

// NewFlagSet creates a new flag set from the given flag sets.
func (f *FlagSets) NewFlagSet(name string) *FlagSet {
	flagSet := NewFlagSet(name)
	flagSet.mainSet = f.mainSet
	flagSet.completions = f.completions
	f.flagSets = append(f.flagSets, flagSet)
	return flagSet
}

// Completions returns the completions for this flag set.
func (f *FlagSets) Completions() complete.Flags {
	return f.completions
}

// Parse parses the given flags, returning any errors.
func (f *FlagSets) Parse(args []string) error {
	return f.mainSet.Parse(args)
}

// Parsed reports whether the command-line flags have been parsed.
func (f *FlagSets) Parsed() bool {
	return f.mainSet.Parsed()
}

// Args returns the remaining args after parsing.
func (f *FlagSets) Args() []string {
	return f.mainSet.Args()
}

// Visit visits the flags in lexicographical order, calling fn for each. It
// visits only those flags that have been set.
func (f *FlagSets) Visit(fn func(*flag.Flag)) {
	f.mainSet.Visit(fn)
}

// Help builds custom help for this command, grouping by flag set.
func (fs *FlagSets) Help() string {
	var out bytes.Buffer

	for _, set := range fs.flagSets {
		printFlagTitle(&out, set.name+":")
		set.VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
			// Skip any hidden flags
			if v, ok := f.Value.(FlagVisibility); ok && v.Hidden() {
				return
			}
			printFlagDetail(&out, f)
		})
	}

	return strings.TrimRight(out.String(), "\n")
}

// FlagSet is a grouped wrapper around a real flag set and a grouped flag set.
type FlagSet struct {
	name        string
	flagSet     *flag.FlagSet
	mainSet     *flag.FlagSet
	completions complete.Flags
}

// NewFlagSet creates a new flag set.
func NewFlagSet(name string) *FlagSet {
	return &FlagSet{
		name:    name,
		flagSet: flag.NewFlagSet(name, flag.ContinueOnError),
	}
}

// Name returns the name of this flag set.
func (f *FlagSet) Name() string {
	return f.name
}

func (f *FlagSet) Visit(fn func(*flag.Flag)) {
	f.flagSet.Visit(fn)
}

func (f *FlagSet) VisitAll(fn func(*flag.Flag)) {
	f.flagSet.VisitAll(fn)
}

// printFlagTitle prints a consistently-formatted title to the given writer.
func printFlagTitle(w io.Writer, s string) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n\n", s)
}

// printFlagDetail prints a single flag to the given writer.
func printFlagDetail(w io.Writer, f *flag.Flag) {
	// Check if the flag is hidden - do not print any flag detail or help output
	// if it is hidden.
	if h, ok := f.Value.(FlagVisibility); ok && h.Hidden() {
		return
	}

	// Check for a detailed example
	example := ""
	if t, ok := f.Value.(FlagExample); ok {
		example = t.Example()
	}

	if example != "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  -%s=<%s>\n", f.Name, example)
	} else {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  -%s\n", f.Name)
	}

	usage := reRemoveWhitespace.ReplaceAllString(f.Usage, " ")
	indented := wrapAtLengthWithPadding(usage, 6)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n\n", indented)
}