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fetch_weibo_by_keyword.py
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fetch_weibo_by_keyword.py
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# coding: utf-8
__version__ = '1.1.0'
__author__ = 'heloowird (heloowird@gmail.com)'
'''
以关键词收集新浪微博
'''
import sys
import urllib
import urllib2
import re
import json
import hashlib
import os
import time
import datetime
import random
import logging
import traceback
try:
import wx
except ImportError:
sys.stderr.write('no module named wx\n')
from lxml import etree
class CollectData():
"""数据收集类
利用微博高级搜索功能,按关键字搜集一定时间范围内的微博。
大体思路:构造URL,爬取网页,然后解析网页中的微博ID。后续利用微博API进行数据入库。本程序只负责收集微博的ID。
登陆新浪微博,进入高级搜索,输入关键字”空气污染“,选择”实时“,时间为”2013-07-02-2:2013-07-09-2“,地区为”北京“,之后发送请求会发现地址栏变为如下:
http://s.weibo.com/wb/%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E6%25B0%2594%25E6%25B1%25A1%25E6%259F%2593&xsort=time®ion=custom:11:1000×cope=custom:2013-07-02-2:2013-07-09-2&Refer=g
是不是很长,其实很简单。
固定地址部分:http://s.weibo.com/wb/
关键字二次UTF-8编码:%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E6%25B0%2594%25E6%25B1%25A1%25E6%259F%2593
排序为“实时”:xsort=time
搜索地区:region=custom:11:1000
搜索时间范围:timescope=custom:2013-07-02-2:2013-07-09-2
可忽略项:Refer=g
显示类似微博:nodup=1 注:这个选项可多收集微博,建议加上。默认不加此参数,省略了部分相似微博。
某次请求的页数:page=1
另外,高级搜索最多返回50页微博,那么时间间隔设置最小为宜。所以该类设置为搜集一定时间段内最多50页微博。
"""
def __init__(self, keyword, startTime, region, savedir, interval='50', flag=True, begin_url_per = "http://s.weibo.com/weibo/"):
self.begin_url_per = begin_url_per #设置固定地址部分,默认为"http://s.weibo.com/weibo/",或者"http://s.weibo.com/wb/"
self.setKeyword(keyword) #设置关键字
self.setStartTimescope(startTime) #设置搜索的开始时间
self.setRegion(region) #设置搜索区域
self.setSaveDir(savedir) #设置结果的存储目录
self.setInterval(interval) #设置邻近网页请求之间的基础时间间隔(注意:过于频繁会被认为是机器人)
self.setFlag(flag) #设置
self.logger = logging.getLogger('main.CollectData') #初始化日志
## 设置关键字
## 关键字需解码
def setKeyword(self, keyword):
#self.keyword = keyword.decode('GBK').encode("utf-8")
self.keyword = keyword
print 'twice encode:',self.getKeyWord()
## 设置起始范围,间隔为1小时
## 格式为:yyyy-mm-dd-HH
def setStartTimescope(self, startTime):
if not (startTime == '-'):
self.timescope = startTime + ":" + startTime
else:
self.timescope = '-'
## 设置搜索地区
def setRegion(self, region):
self.region = region
## 设置结果的存储目录
def setSaveDir(self, save_dir):
self.save_dir = save_dir
if not os.path.exists(self.save_dir):
os.makedirs(self.save_dir)
## 设置邻近网页请求之间的基础时间间隔
def setInterval(self, interval):
self.interval = int(interval)
## 设置是否被认为机器人的标志。若为False,需要进入页面,手动输入验证码
def setFlag(self, flag):
self.flag = flag
## 构建URL
def getURL(self):
return self.begin_url_per+self.getKeyWord()+"®ion=custom:"+self.region+"&xsort=time×cope=custom:"+self.timescope+"&nodup=1&page="
## 关键字需要进行两次urlencode
def getKeyWord(self):
once = urllib.urlencode({"kw":self.keyword})[3:]
#return urllib.urlencode({"kw":once})[3:]
return once
return self.keyword
## 爬取一次请求中的所有网页,最多返回50页
def download(self, url, maxTryNum=4):
content = open(self.save_dir + os.sep + "weibo_ids.txt", "ab") #向结果文件中写微博ID
hasMore = True # 某次请求可能少于50页,设置标记,判断是否还有下一页
isCaught = False # 某次请求被认为是机器人,设置标记,判断是否被抓住。抓住后,需要复制log中的文件,进入页面,输入验证码
mid_filter = set([]) # 过滤重复的微博ID
i = 1 # 记录本次请求所返回的页数
while hasMore and i < 51 and (not isCaught): #最多返回50页,对每页进行解析,并写入结果文件
source_url = url + str(i) #构建某页的URL
data = '' #存储该页的网页数据
netSuccess = True #网络中断标记
## 网络不好的情况,试着尝试请求三次
for tryNum in range(maxTryNum):
try:
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
# 登陆微博, 使用自己的cookie
opener.addheaders.append(('Cookie', 'your_cookie'))
opener.addheaders.append(('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36'))
html = opener.open(source_url, timeout=12)
#html = urllib2.urlopen(source_url, timeout=12)
data = html.read()
break
except:
self.logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
if tryNum < (maxTryNum-1):
time.sleep(10)
else:
print 'Internet Connect Error!'
self.logger.error('Internet Connect Error!')
#self.logger.info('filePath: ' + self.savedir)
self.logger.info('url: ' + source_url)
#self.logger.info('fileNum: ' + str(fileNum))
self.logger.info('page: ' + str(i))
self.flag = False
netSuccess = False
break
if netSuccess:
self.logger.info('current url: ' + source_url + '\n' + data)
page = etree.HTML(data)
if page.xpath('//div[contains(@class, "card-no-result")]') :
hasMore = False
elif page.xpath('//div[contains(@class, "card-wrap")]'):
dls = page.xpath('//div[contains(@class, "card-wrap")]')
for dl in dls:
mid = str(dl.attrib.get('mid'))
if(mid != 'None' and mid not in mid_filter):
mid_filter.add(mid)
content.write(mid)
content.write('\n')
else: ## 被认为是机器人或者cookie 失效
isCaught = True
## 处理被认为是机器人的情况
if isCaught:
print 'Be Caught!'
self.logger.error('Be Caught Error!')
# 打印网页内容,方便debug
self.logger.info('url: ' + source_url)
self.logger.error('error html: \n' + data)
self.logger.info('page:' + str(i))
#self.logger.info('filePath: ' + savedir)
#self.logger.info('fileNum: ' + str(fileNum))
data = None
self.flag = False
break
## 没有更多结果,结束该次请求,跳到下一个请求
if not hasMore:
print 'No More Results!'
if i == 1:
time.sleep(random.randint(55,75))
else:
time.sleep(15)
data = None
break
i += 1
## 设置两个邻近URL请求之间的随机休眠时间,防止Be Caught。目前没有模拟登陆
sleeptime_one = random.randint(self.interval-30,self.interval-10)
sleeptime_two = random.randint(self.interval+10,self.interval+30)
if i % 2 == 0:
sleeptime = sleeptime_two
else:
sleeptime = sleeptime_one
print 'sleeping ' + str(sleeptime) + ' seconds...'
time.sleep(sleeptime)
else:
self.logger.error('Network Not Connected!')
break
content.close()
content = None
## 改变搜索的时间范围,有利于获取最多的数据
def getTimescope(self, perTimescope, hours):
if not (perTimescope=='-'):
times_list = perTimescope.split(':')
start_datetime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.strptime(times_list[-1],"%Y-%m-%d-%H")))
start_new_datetime = start_datetime + datetime.timedelta(seconds = 3600)
end_new_datetime = start_new_datetime + datetime.timedelta(seconds = 3600*(hours-1))
start_str = start_new_datetime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H")
end_str = end_new_datetime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H")
return start_str + ":" + end_str
else:
return '-'
def main():
logger = logging.getLogger('main')
logFile = './collect.log'
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
filehandler = logging.FileHandler(logFile)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
filehandler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(filehandler)
while True:
## 接受键盘输入
keyword = raw_input('Enter the keyword(type \'quit\' to exit ):')
if keyword.lower() in ['quit', 'q', 'exit', 'bye'] :
sys.exit()
startTime = raw_input('Enter the start time(Format:YYYY-mm-dd-HH):')
region = raw_input('Enter the region([BJ]11:1000,[SH]31:1000,[GZ]44:1,[CD]51:1):')
savedir = raw_input('Enter the save directory(Like C://data//):')
interval = raw_input('Enter the time interval( >30 and deafult:50):')
## 实例化收集类,收集指定关键字和起始时间的微博
cd = CollectData(keyword, startTime, region, savedir, interval)
while cd.flag:
print cd.timescope
logger.info(cd.timescope)
url = cd.getURL()
cd.download(url)
cd.timescope = cd.getTimescope(cd.timescope, 1) #改变搜索的时间,到下一个小时
else:
cd = None
print '-----------------------------------------------------'
print '-----------------------------------------------------'
else:
logger.removeHandler(filehandler)
logger = None
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
#target = '%25E7%2599%25BD%25E5%258F%2591'
#print target
#keyword = '白发'
#startTime = '2018-06-01-12'
#region = '11:1000'
#savedir = 'output'
#interval = '10'
#cd = CollectData(keyword, startTime, region, savedir, interval)
#print cd.getURL()