connections.go

// Copyright (C) 2015 The Syncthing Authors.
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file,
// You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

package connections

import (
	"crypto/tls"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/juju/ratelimit"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/config"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/discover"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/events"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/model"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/protocol"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/relay"
	"github.com/syncthing/syncthing/lib/relay/client"

	"github.com/thejerf/suture"
)

type DialerFactory func(*url.URL, *tls.Config) (*tls.Conn, error)
type ListenerFactory func(*url.URL, *tls.Config, chan<- model.IntermediateConnection)

var (
	dialers   = make(map[string]DialerFactory, 0)
	listeners = make(map[string]ListenerFactory, 0)
)

type Model interface {
	protocol.Model
	AddConnection(conn model.Connection)
	ConnectedTo(remoteID protocol.DeviceID) bool
	IsPaused(remoteID protocol.DeviceID) bool
}

// The connection service listens on TLS and dials configured unconnected
// devices. Successful connections are handed to the model.
type connectionSvc struct {
	*suture.Supervisor
	cfg                  *config.Wrapper
	myID                 protocol.DeviceID
	model                Model
	tlsCfg               *tls.Config
	discoverer           discover.Finder
	conns                chan model.IntermediateConnection
	relaySvc             *relay.Svc
	bepProtocolName      string
	tlsDefaultCommonName string
	lans                 []*net.IPNet
	writeRateLimit       *ratelimit.Bucket
	readRateLimit        *ratelimit.Bucket

	lastRelayCheck map[protocol.DeviceID]time.Time

	mut           sync.RWMutex
	connType      map[protocol.DeviceID]model.ConnectionType
	relaysEnabled bool
}

func NewConnectionSvc(cfg *config.Wrapper, myID protocol.DeviceID, mdl Model, tlsCfg *tls.Config, discoverer discover.Finder, relaySvc *relay.Svc,
	bepProtocolName string, tlsDefaultCommonName string, lans []*net.IPNet) suture.Service {
	svc := &connectionSvc{
		Supervisor:           suture.NewSimple("connectionSvc"),
		cfg:                  cfg,
		myID:                 myID,
		model:                mdl,
		tlsCfg:               tlsCfg,
		discoverer:           discoverer,
		relaySvc:             relaySvc,
		conns:                make(chan model.IntermediateConnection),
		bepProtocolName:      bepProtocolName,
		tlsDefaultCommonName: tlsDefaultCommonName,
		lans:                 lans,

		connType:       make(map[protocol.DeviceID]model.ConnectionType),
		relaysEnabled:  cfg.Options().RelaysEnabled,
		lastRelayCheck: make(map[protocol.DeviceID]time.Time),
	}
	cfg.Subscribe(svc)

	if svc.cfg.Options().MaxSendKbps > 0 {
		svc.writeRateLimit = ratelimit.NewBucketWithRate(float64(1000*svc.cfg.Options().MaxSendKbps), int64(5*1000*svc.cfg.Options().MaxSendKbps))
	}
	if svc.cfg.Options().MaxRecvKbps > 0 {
		svc.readRateLimit = ratelimit.NewBucketWithRate(float64(1000*svc.cfg.Options().MaxRecvKbps), int64(5*1000*svc.cfg.Options().MaxRecvKbps))
	}

	// There are several moving parts here; one routine per listening address
	// to handle incoming connections, one routine to periodically attempt
	// outgoing connections, one routine to the the common handling
	// regardless of whether the connection was incoming or outgoing.
	// Furthermore, a relay service which handles incoming requests to connect
	// via the relays.
	//
	// TODO: Clean shutdown, and/or handling config changes on the fly. We
	// partly do this now - new devices and addresses will be picked up, but
	// not new listen addresses and we don't support disconnecting devices
	// that are removed and so on...

	svc.Add(serviceFunc(svc.connect))
	for _, addr := range svc.cfg.Options().ListenAddress {
		uri, err := url.Parse(addr)
		if err != nil {
			l.Infoln("Failed to parse listen address:", addr, err)
			continue
		}

		listener, ok := listeners[uri.Scheme]
		if !ok {
			l.Infoln("Unknown listen address scheme:", uri.String())
			continue
		}

		l.Debugln("listening on", uri)

		svc.Add(serviceFunc(func() {
			listener(uri, svc.tlsCfg, svc.conns)
		}))
	}
	svc.Add(serviceFunc(svc.handle))

	if svc.relaySvc != nil {
		svc.Add(serviceFunc(svc.acceptRelayConns))
	}

	return svc
}

func (s *connectionSvc) handle() {
next:
	for c := range s.conns {
		cs := c.Conn.ConnectionState()

		// We should have negotiated the next level protocol "bep/1.0" as part
		// of the TLS handshake. Unfortunately this can't be a hard error,
		// because there are implementations out there that don't support
		// protocol negotiation (iOS for one...).
		if !cs.NegotiatedProtocolIsMutual || cs.NegotiatedProtocol != s.bepProtocolName {
			l.Infof("Peer %s did not negotiate bep/1.0", c.Conn.RemoteAddr())
		}

		// We should have received exactly one certificate from the other
		// side. If we didn't, they don't have a device ID and we drop the
		// connection.
		certs := cs.PeerCertificates
		if cl := len(certs); cl != 1 {
			l.Infof("Got peer certificate list of length %d != 1 from %s; protocol error", cl, c.Conn.RemoteAddr())
			c.Conn.Close()
			continue
		}
		remoteCert := certs[0]
		remoteID := protocol.NewDeviceID(remoteCert.Raw)

		// The device ID should not be that of ourselves. It can happen
		// though, especially in the presence of NAT hairpinning, multiple
		// clients between the same NAT gateway, and global discovery.
		if remoteID == s.myID {
			l.Infof("Connected to myself (%s) - should not happen", remoteID)
			c.Conn.Close()
			continue
		}

		// If we have a relay connection, and the new incoming connection is
		// not a relay connection, we should drop that, and prefer the this one.
		s.mut.RLock()
		ct, ok := s.connType[remoteID]
		s.mut.RUnlock()
		if ok && !ct.IsDirect() && c.Type.IsDirect() {
			l.Debugln("Switching connections", remoteID)
			s.model.Close(remoteID, fmt.Errorf("switching connections"))
		} else if s.model.ConnectedTo(remoteID) {
			// We should not already be connected to the other party. TODO: This
			// could use some better handling. If the old connection is dead but
			// hasn't timed out yet we may want to drop *that* connection and keep
			// this one. But in case we are two devices connecting to each other
			// in parallel we don't want to do that or we end up with no
			// connections still established...
			l.Infof("Connected to already connected device (%s)", remoteID)
			c.Conn.Close()
			continue
		} else if s.model.IsPaused(remoteID) {
			l.Infof("Connection from paused device (%s)", remoteID)
			c.Conn.Close()
			continue
		}

		for deviceID, deviceCfg := range s.cfg.Devices() {
			if deviceID == remoteID {
				// Verify the name on the certificate. By default we set it to
				// "syncthing" when generating, but the user may have replaced
				// the certificate and used another name.
				certName := deviceCfg.CertName
				if certName == "" {
					certName = s.tlsDefaultCommonName
				}
				err := remoteCert.VerifyHostname(certName)
				if err != nil {
					// Incorrect certificate name is something the user most
					// likely wants to know about, since it's an advanced
					// config. Warn instead of Info.
					l.Warnf("Bad certificate from %s (%v): %v", remoteID, c.Conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
					c.Conn.Close()
					continue next
				}

				// If rate limiting is set, and based on the address we should
				// limit the connection, then we wrap it in a limiter.

				limit := s.shouldLimit(c.Conn.RemoteAddr())

				wr := io.Writer(c.Conn)
				if limit && s.writeRateLimit != nil {
					wr = NewWriteLimiter(c.Conn, s.writeRateLimit)
				}

				rd := io.Reader(c.Conn)
				if limit && s.readRateLimit != nil {
					rd = NewReadLimiter(c.Conn, s.readRateLimit)
				}

				name := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s (%s)", c.Conn.LocalAddr(), c.Conn.RemoteAddr(), c.Type)
				protoConn := protocol.NewConnection(remoteID, rd, wr, s.model, name, deviceCfg.Compression)

				l.Infof("Established secure connection to %s at %s", remoteID, name)
				l.Debugf("cipher suite: %04X in lan: %t", c.Conn.ConnectionState().CipherSuite, !limit)

				s.model.AddConnection(model.Connection{
					c.Conn,
					protoConn,
					c.Type,
				})
				s.mut.Lock()
				s.connType[remoteID] = c.Type
				s.mut.Unlock()
				continue next
			}
		}

		if !s.cfg.IgnoredDevice(remoteID) {
			events.Default.Log(events.DeviceRejected, map[string]string{
				"device":  remoteID.String(),
				"address": c.Conn.RemoteAddr().String(),
			})
		}

		l.Infof("Connection from %s (%s) with ignored device ID %s", c.Conn.RemoteAddr(), c.Type, remoteID)
		c.Conn.Close()
	}
}

func (s *connectionSvc) connect() {
	delay := time.Second
	for {
	nextDevice:
		for deviceID, deviceCfg := range s.cfg.Devices() {
			if deviceID == s.myID {
				continue
			}

			if s.model.IsPaused(deviceID) {
				continue
			}

			connected := s.model.ConnectedTo(deviceID)

			s.mut.RLock()
			ct, ok := s.connType[deviceID]
			relaysEnabled := s.relaysEnabled
			s.mut.RUnlock()
			if connected && ok && ct.IsDirect() {
				continue
			}

			var addrs []string
			var relays []discover.Relay
			for _, addr := range deviceCfg.Addresses {
				if addr == "dynamic" {
					if s.discoverer != nil {
						if t, r, err := s.discoverer.Lookup(deviceID); err == nil {
							addrs = append(addrs, t...)
							relays = append(relays, r...)
						}
					}
				} else {
					addrs = append(addrs, addr)
				}
			}

			for _, addr := range addrs {
				uri, err := url.Parse(addr)
				if err != nil {
					l.Infoln("Failed to parse connection url:", addr, err)
					continue
				}

				dialer, ok := dialers[uri.Scheme]
				if !ok {
					l.Infoln("Unknown address schema", uri)
					continue
				}

				l.Debugln("dial", deviceCfg.DeviceID, uri)
				conn, err := dialer(uri, s.tlsCfg)
				if err != nil {
					l.Debugln("dial failed", deviceCfg.DeviceID, uri, err)
					continue
				}

				if connected {
					s.model.Close(deviceID, fmt.Errorf("switching connections"))
				}

				s.conns <- model.IntermediateConnection{
					conn, model.ConnectionTypeDirectDial,
				}
				continue nextDevice
			}

			// Only connect via relays if not already connected
			// Also, do not set lastRelayCheck time if we have no relays,
			// as otherwise when we do discover relays, we might have to
			// wait up to RelayReconnectIntervalM to connect again.
			// Also, do not try relays if we are explicitly told not to.
			if connected || len(relays) == 0 || !relaysEnabled {
				continue nextDevice
			}

			reconIntv := time.Duration(s.cfg.Options().RelayReconnectIntervalM) * time.Minute
			if last, ok := s.lastRelayCheck[deviceID]; ok && time.Since(last) < reconIntv {
				l.Debugln("Skipping connecting via relay to", deviceID, "last checked at", last)
				continue nextDevice
			} else {
				l.Debugln("Trying relay connections to", deviceID, relays)
			}

			s.lastRelayCheck[deviceID] = time.Now()

			for _, addr := range relays {
				uri, err := url.Parse(addr.URL)
				if err != nil {
					l.Infoln("Failed to parse relay connection url:", addr, err)
					continue
				}

				inv, err := client.GetInvitationFromRelay(uri, deviceID, s.tlsCfg.Certificates)
				if err != nil {
					l.Debugf("Failed to get invitation for %s from %s: %v", deviceID, uri, err)
					continue
				} else {
					l.Debugln("Succesfully retrieved relay invitation", inv, "from", uri)
				}

				conn, err := client.JoinSession(inv)
				if err != nil {
					l.Debugf("Failed to join relay session %s: %v", inv, err)
					continue
				} else {
					l.Debugln("Sucessfully joined relay session", inv)
				}

				var tc *tls.Conn

				if inv.ServerSocket {
					tc = tls.Server(conn, s.tlsCfg)
				} else {
					tc = tls.Client(conn, s.tlsCfg)
				}
				err = tc.Handshake()
				if err != nil {
					l.Infof("TLS handshake (BEP/relay %s): %v", inv, err)
					tc.Close()
					continue
				}
				s.conns <- model.IntermediateConnection{
					tc, model.ConnectionTypeRelayDial,
				}
				continue nextDevice
			}
		}

		time.Sleep(delay)
		delay *= 2
		if maxD := time.Duration(s.cfg.Options().ReconnectIntervalS) * time.Second; delay > maxD {
			delay = maxD
		}
	}
}

func (s *connectionSvc) acceptRelayConns() {
	for {
		conn := s.relaySvc.Accept()
		s.conns <- model.IntermediateConnection{
			Conn: conn,
			Type: model.ConnectionTypeRelayAccept,
		}
	}
}

func (s *connectionSvc) shouldLimit(addr net.Addr) bool {
	if s.cfg.Options().LimitBandwidthInLan {
		return true
	}

	tcpaddr, ok := addr.(*net.TCPAddr)
	if !ok {
		return true
	}
	for _, lan := range s.lans {
		if lan.Contains(tcpaddr.IP) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return !tcpaddr.IP.IsLoopback()
}

func (s *connectionSvc) VerifyConfiguration(from, to config.Configuration) error {
	return nil
}

func (s *connectionSvc) CommitConfiguration(from, to config.Configuration) bool {
	s.mut.Lock()
	s.relaysEnabled = to.Options.RelaysEnabled
	s.mut.Unlock()

	// We require a restart if a device as been removed.

	newDevices := make(map[protocol.DeviceID]bool, len(to.Devices))
	for _, dev := range to.Devices {
		newDevices[dev.DeviceID] = true
	}

	for _, dev := range from.Devices {
		if !newDevices[dev.DeviceID] {
			return false
		}
	}

	return true
}

// serviceFunc wraps a function to create a suture.Service without stop
// functionality.
type serviceFunc func()

func (f serviceFunc) Serve() { f() }
func (f serviceFunc) Stop()  {}