src/notebooks/511-interactive-scatterplot-with-plotly.ipynb

{
  "cells": [
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "tags": []
      },
      "source": [
        "## What is a scatter plot?\n",
        "\n",
        "A [scatter plot](https://python-graph-gallery.com/scatter-plot/) is a simple yet powerful way to visually represent **data relationships** by displaying points on a graph.\n",
        "\n",
        "Imagine a coordinate system, where the horizontal `(x) axis` represents one variable, and the `vertical (y)` axis represents another. Each data point corresponds to a specific observation and is represented by its coordinates on the graph. By looking at the distribution of points, we can easily **identify patterns or trends**, such as correlations, clusters, or outliers.\n",
        "\n",
        "Essentially, a [scatter plot](https://python-graph-gallery.com/scatter-plot/) allows us to see **how two variables might be related** or influenced by each other, making it a valuable tool for understanding data and drawing insights in a visual and intuitive manner."
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Libraries\n",
        "\n",
        "[Plotly](https://python-graph-gallery.com/plotly/) is a library designed for **interactive visualization** with python. \n",
        "\n",
        "If you want to use plotly, you can either use the `plotly.express` module (`px`) or the `plotly.graph_objects` module (`go`). The main difference between these modules is the *\"level\"*: the `px` module is easier to use (*high level*), but if you want to do something **very specific and need flexibility**, I recommend you use the `go` module (*lower level*).\n",
        "\n",
        "Don't forget to install [plotly](https://python-graph-gallery.com/plotly/) with the `pip install plotly` command.\n",
        "\n",
        "In our case, we'll use the `go` module (or `graph_objects`). We will also use `numpy` and `pandas` to **generate data** and put it into a dataframe."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 1,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Libraries\n",
        "import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import numpy as np"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Dataset\n",
        "\n",
        "Since scatterplots are intended to represent 2 continuous variables, let's generate a sample of 200 randomly distributed observations using numpy and its functions `random.normal()` and `random.uniform()`."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 7,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Generate a sample of 100 observations\n",
        "sample_size = 200\n",
        "x = np.random.uniform(30, 20, sample_size)\n",
        "y = x * 10 + np.random.normal(0, 10, sample_size)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Put the data into a pandas df\n",
        "df = pd.DataFrame({'x': x,\n",
        "                   'y': y})"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Basic scatter plot\n",
        "\n",
        "The following code displays a simple scatter plot, with a title and an axis name, thanks to the `Scatter()` function.\n",
        "\n",
        "The `fig.add_trace(go.Scatter([...]` line tells the program to **add a new trace** (data series) to a figure (`fig`) that we initiated just before. In this case, the trace is a [scatter plot](https://python-graph-gallery.com/scatter-plot/)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 10,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "application/vnd.plotly.v1+json": {
              "config": {
                "plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
              },
              "data": [
                {
                  "marker": {
                    "color": "#cb1dd1",
                    "line": {
                      "color": "black",
                      "width": 1
                    },
                    "opacity": 0.8,
                    "size": 12
                  },
                  "mode": "markers",
                  "type": "scatter",
                  "x": [
                    22.901117576252688,
                    20.785564318547774,
                    25.78552736044206,
                    27.54650788922351,
                    27.99365460591622,
                    20.86442698443082,
                    27.375357023190926,
                    25.72426018663508,
                    29.400466114318405,
                    28.560279211735946,
                    24.816553275001606,
                    25.02923567074573,
                    22.720497661282916,
                    20.923592571176076,
                    21.71449806323926,
                    21.520103720760066,
                    26.36753798600359,
                    21.169076771366207,
                    29.543509092807223,
                    25.95948645592764,
                    21.878580379723537,
                    22.49918058924286,
                    21.06705597405739,
                    29.729608351693987,
                    20.591462477121127,
                    27.532699272392406,
                    28.845665115358223,
                    28.037459601935534,
                    29.444137488891442,
                    27.836494904547934,
                    28.498207825747265,
                    21.928283345673535,
                    26.91800161328291,
                    20.17328347798742,
                    24.220744926369157,
                    25.301749150387266,
                    27.023274396770482,
                    23.375832447478295,
                    21.680509256317443,
                    27.94913458603063,
                    24.63084094453605,
                    24.11881960105204,
                    29.91952965128665,
                    22.622012064043062,
                    23.686101618939027,
                    29.083428675002104,
                    25.56121665934384,
                    25.49581895781185,
                    21.029737237433313,
                    20.063763743951565,
                    23.162825484088074,
                    28.5938781781309,
                    29.915692952703683,
                    29.159548635177714,
                    27.58216369103866,
                    26.5991310298135,
                    27.39304803434284,
                    29.373295801178955,
                    27.628600073462625,
                    27.06484482903011,
                    25.447157347816315,
                    23.95136141499009,
                    24.870346879807812,
                    28.60088628510353,
                    21.978741116432808,
                    29.020673544678324,
                    28.851999248495744,
                    25.76892588120362,
                    25.64991340915543,
                    22.645477137013707,
                    27.813603911766428,
                    25.9701279070392,
                    22.445270486144686,
                    24.211318591538458,
                    28.542332820772092,
                    26.030208132584086,
                    27.6727220358754,
                    28.626924744847734,
                    24.113596524402208,
                    26.535848942015384,
                    24.192622349913854,
                    21.93466046112427,
                    23.68425973575266,
                    25.009082495734297,
                    29.68955875447063,
                    23.357761664139215,
                    28.350497515796622,
                    26.99142344269911,
                    26.02620002145304,
                    28.719248880562095,
                    28.5737193206728,
                    26.97231273024059,
                    25.491424847729462,
                    28.300892622443683,
                    25.04027751801918,
                    24.92618044455472,
                    27.4269170215832,
                    26.244406618781394,
                    23.591714051790923,
                    23.91867941645783,
                    28.37899817617948,
                    25.931506937912317,
                    20.58663987126542,
                    25.87130215047395,
                    25.9279054701157,
                    24.103464258755036,
                    24.579224999279027,
                    23.902582653461387,
                    29.960094140362237,
                    27.452192083249322,
                    20.280689780662964,
                    20.22493869772049,
                    26.83691796110889,
                    21.31716894180825,
                    21.66050128281892,
                    26.481561796693992,
                    29.046089756481294,
                    29.379762583282414,
                    27.93189868060082,
                    25.918242708892407,
                    28.626075563953325,
                    24.49175173928557,
                    23.60674111386587,
                    20.468926361819086,
                    23.728329539383296,
                    29.562074364561923,
                    21.00846959521799,
                    29.633797289454225,
                    29.6884365823866,
                    26.761990591715296,
                    25.744930566081923,
                    28.975211182477775,
                    25.72757145687647,
                    20.675791813020602,
                    23.09997323769936,
                    24.264716149730937,
                    27.780963626491555,
                    23.100459261939577,
                    24.193867826892184,
                    21.71275209127417,
                    25.971430319519527,
                    26.760357638947546,
                    23.005627864843376,
                    23.301199701245626,
                    20.026809404495793,
                    21.864779632284552,
                    24.300421389227456,
                    28.08363515796488,
                    29.957959758478648,
                    21.1288956942467,
                    26.977991855815073,
                    21.774753291201705,
                    27.536945556750076,
                    28.70731696087886,
                    21.343688213361126,
                    22.15168466228814,
                    28.785380242838396,
                    27.8654848836176,
                    27.557376367646434,
                    24.398314840312644,
                    20.96353304554848,
                    23.475600905010495,
                    20.150450379509042,
                    24.947643736280796,
                    29.355939697756853,
                    23.941291499249047,
                    23.26841997707418,
                    25.392413734158023,
                    25.730209712180304,
                    20.12806218821273,
                    24.836870713580495,
                    21.17081657443537,
                    29.889078434026544,
                    22.683849939954104,
                    26.64478715261812,
                    29.50929320951051,
                    29.104773585928907,
                    27.29798455319969,
                    21.08929273459319,
                    28.678772003893858,
                    26.09588590602244,
                    25.081142205005545,
                    28.978525476786466,
                    26.27341541261061,
                    22.62744990539351,
                    20.831790671271627,
                    28.465452845057424,
                    27.28756946751186,
                    22.73081278353541,
                    23.0670883497313,
                    25.669224702678044,
                    25.929988020095987,
                    28.448271940430622,
                    27.493755860343832,
                    28.353039542520307,
                    22.072874887112867,
                    20.891678358243816,
                    27.637436737258085,
                    28.31487777687851,
                    27.22976687345647
                  ],
                  "y": [
                    221.86808405193946,
                    205.1813928623986,
                    271.0345039195754,
                    276.16349029689735,
                    273.6551337221838,
                    195.3454773451438,
                    260.3486925784773,
                    257.8429731664796,
                    288.8161130559686,
                    284.0219260489418,
                    238.27102671449285,
                    252.82784498891417,
                    223.07253424247705,
                    222.988091618451,
                    209.31128670807954,
                    211.42318224871562,
                    273.0282347775063,
                    212.38357563564514,
                    303.63552514070017,
                    258.58282382764395,
                    227.78733339777804,
                    232.73033654954565,
                    196.1166417447389,
                    298.7326179480529,
                    209.31291921023023,
                    299.0475035327944,
                    297.14011054335606,
                    282.22193678943734,
                    305.69669551673604,
                    269.3197076240176,
                    295.38149940716744,
                    238.14640251268946,
                    266.47712913215383,
                    194.0206136368154,
                    234.61324687096467,
                    248.05250573913773,
                    266.894612127818,
                    231.39764387775583,
                    201.13068874377154,
                    262.3600955762858,
                    252.8969103400198,
                    248.91402542962794,
                    293.66765426568065,
                    218.60174278226225,
                    232.0217921513322,
                    296.051449709326,
                    275.4749740874882,
                    257.3225090765988,
                    222.72302900249437,
                    216.1927940131365,
                    224.53283819719684,
                    277.0536564956041,
                    304.3773293385725,
                    294.9545289257196,
                    287.1947178312658,
                    260.8244806714546,
                    273.1514554000571,
                    287.29782808714464,
                    272.01545311272304,
                    281.017717499485,
                    254.08792408837863,
                    251.0747566856059,
                    257.9706608675976,
                    289.62860228350115,
                    227.26003849229195,
                    293.42054933880564,
                    292.31833301536363,
                    253.51028493622707,
                    274.44298109545133,
                    227.58631705890926,
                    264.6575320489219,
                    271.3825767029672,
                    232.48719773561666,
                    228.20588415652978,
                    275.86359300625037,
                    228.38141613211198,
                    276.3499312274973,
                    289.67982724044487,
                    228.26681533879656,
                    268.7593036613047,
                    240.54843962493914,
                    216.51972108802624,
                    244.70510679604,
                    245.14755661756672,
                    307.4568247618069,
                    226.83321371589568,
                    293.8507562267917,
                    292.5974919875519,
                    268.3058148617252,
                    301.57982710361523,
                    264.0384753699494,
                    265.3066839447491,
                    253.82898924336953,
                    273.6846948008312,
                    241.18605959885116,
                    245.4722793748062,
                    263.9357994268896,
                    284.9007463348857,
                    225.4451933135493,
                    236.73474709908905,
                    292.5342126536471,
                    249.86328203965013,
                    216.30240729719438,
                    266.6854015803607,
                    269.4555939315105,
                    263.8960232638083,
                    232.6499981631665,
                    217.169464166433,
                    290.5563420222817,
                    278.92364892262077,
                    212.67511724188932,
                    200.23027334073086,
                    264.1312891866236,
                    203.3845908002933,
                    226.72354136566108,
                    253.7185605490216,
                    296.64412889322153,
                    314.86085217402365,
                    279.0479635941255,
                    258.5149868450821,
                    287.1639698531543,
                    244.89034395258477,
                    227.64260118516162,
                    201.2776277801716,
                    230.59040924658942,
                    288.04928667062524,
                    228.5431302937296,
                    285.9137120738498,
                    305.05936269687766,
                    272.3604587416354,
                    258.3346420252108,
                    304.46811453028545,
                    260.6668242368841,
                    210.6155268339936,
                    246.51307810536707,
                    249.72556120939106,
                    283.394723849298,
                    230.80254774993452,
                    224.35435017464425,
                    236.70406013277554,
                    260.68361756691803,
                    263.8622479494562,
                    234.03200088248798,
                    260.16472427135466,
                    191.02426415824834,
                    234.48972161131005,
                    230.453536087048,
                    285.8063189688566,
                    303.1751521833938,
                    225.99753284935628,
                    266.7773379587774,
                    221.43501893172524,
                    282.6999918377101,
                    282.86514782888855,
                    221.80773756064679,
                    210.44288215444251,
                    291.079760457377,
                    282.3404143693427,
                    282.9434867035107,
                    248.78647394113858,
                    225.73711440895832,
                    216.74124596851806,
                    219.3180995940503,
                    252.608482384409,
                    290.6405240453185,
                    242.20910557116088,
                    235.9309860851184,
                    249.90540048456614,
                    252.06396574788198,
                    196.69022182354837,
                    255.40814945362652,
                    217.9190405648283,
                    283.0039144177343,
                    214.59033155362522,
                    262.13490840900937,
                    295.07484792255724,
                    292.49609507028663,
                    281.2103594602075,
                    208.08161698432227,
                    262.30075848633845,
                    278.9842633028015,
                    261.01382676080885,
                    286.43853991782845,
                    263.9215019744961,
                    227.32473798204805,
                    217.98803422842977,
                    285.9690177969475,
                    270.5692086460774,
                    232.38495860654064,
                    219.9483886882808,
                    251.41063170617542,
                    267.82334032519225,
                    292.2116735422665,
                    275.1623199135781,
                    279.7056521333762,
                    227.6504791463708,
                    214.14001930377324,
                    277.13499541456594,
                    279.3496688671566,
                    276.38251500092144
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "layout": {
                "height": 600,
                "template": {
                  "data": {
                    "bar": [
                      {
                        "error_x": {
                          "color": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "error_y": {
                          "color": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "marker": {
                          "line": {
                            "color": "#E5ECF6",
                            "width": 0.5
                          },
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "bar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "barpolar": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "line": {
                            "color": "#E5ECF6",
                            "width": 0.5
                          },
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "barpolar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "carpet": [
                      {
                        "aaxis": {
                          "endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
                          "gridcolor": "white",
                          "linecolor": "white",
                          "minorgridcolor": "white",
                          "startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "baxis": {
                          "endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
                          "gridcolor": "white",
                          "linecolor": "white",
                          "minorgridcolor": "white",
                          "startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "type": "carpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "choropleth": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "choropleth"
                      }
                    ],
                    "contour": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "contour"
                      }
                    ],
                    "contourcarpet": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "contourcarpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "heatmap": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "heatmap"
                      }
                    ],
                    "heatmapgl": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "heatmapgl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "histogram"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram2d": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "histogram2d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram2dcontour": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "histogram2dcontour"
                      }
                    ],
                    "mesh3d": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "mesh3d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "parcoords": [
                      {
                        "line": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "parcoords"
                      }
                    ],
                    "pie": [
                      {
                        "automargin": true,
                        "type": "pie"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatter": [
                      {
                        "fillpattern": {
                          "fillmode": "overlay",
                          "size": 10,
                          "solidity": 0.2
                        },
                        "type": "scatter"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatter3d": [
                      {
                        "line": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatter3d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattercarpet": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattercarpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattergeo": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattergeo"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattergl": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattergl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattermapbox": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattermapbox"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterpolar": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterpolar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterpolargl": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterpolargl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterternary": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterternary"
                      }
                    ],
                    "surface": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "surface"
                      }
                    ],
                    "table": [
                      {
                        "cells": {
                          "fill": {
                            "color": "#EBF0F8"
                          },
                          "line": {
                            "color": "white"
                          }
                        },
                        "header": {
                          "fill": {
                            "color": "#C8D4E3"
                          },
                          "line": {
                            "color": "white"
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "table"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  "layout": {
                    "annotationdefaults": {
                      "arrowcolor": "#2a3f5f",
                      "arrowhead": 0,
                      "arrowwidth": 1
                    },
                    "autotypenumbers": "strict",
                    "coloraxis": {
                      "colorbar": {
                        "outlinewidth": 0,
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "colorscale": {
                      "diverging": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#8e0152"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1,
                          "#c51b7d"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2,
                          "#de77ae"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3,
                          "#f1b6da"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4,
                          "#fde0ef"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5,
                          "#f7f7f7"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6,
                          "#e6f5d0"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7,
                          "#b8e186"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8,
                          "#7fbc41"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.9,
                          "#4d9221"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#276419"
                        ]
                      ],
                      "sequential": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#0d0887"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1111111111111111,
                          "#46039f"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2222222222222222,
                          "#7201a8"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3333333333333333,
                          "#9c179e"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4444444444444444,
                          "#bd3786"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5555555555555556,
                          "#d8576b"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6666666666666666,
                          "#ed7953"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7777777777777778,
                          "#fb9f3a"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8888888888888888,
                          "#fdca26"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#f0f921"
                        ]
                      ],
                      "sequentialminus": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#0d0887"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1111111111111111,
                          "#46039f"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2222222222222222,
                          "#7201a8"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3333333333333333,
                          "#9c179e"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4444444444444444,
                          "#bd3786"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5555555555555556,
                          "#d8576b"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6666666666666666,
                          "#ed7953"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7777777777777778,
                          "#fb9f3a"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8888888888888888,
                          "#fdca26"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#f0f921"
                        ]
                      ]
                    },
                    "colorway": [
                      "#636efa",
                      "#EF553B",
                      "#00cc96",
                      "#ab63fa",
                      "#FFA15A",
                      "#19d3f3",
                      "#FF6692",
                      "#B6E880",
                      "#FF97FF",
                      "#FECB52"
                    ],
                    "font": {
                      "color": "#2a3f5f"
                    },
                    "geo": {
                      "bgcolor": "white",
                      "lakecolor": "white",
                      "landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "showlakes": true,
                      "showland": true,
                      "subunitcolor": "white"
                    },
                    "hoverlabel": {
                      "align": "left"
                    },
                    "hovermode": "closest",
                    "mapbox": {
                      "style": "light"
                    },
                    "paper_bgcolor": "white",
                    "plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                    "polar": {
                      "angularaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "radialaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "scene": {
                      "xaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      },
                      "yaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      },
                      "zaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      }
                    },
                    "shapedefaults": {
                      "line": {
                        "color": "#2a3f5f"
                      }
                    },
                    "ternary": {
                      "aaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "baxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "caxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "title": {
                      "x": 0.05
                    },
                    "xaxis": {
                      "automargin": true,
                      "gridcolor": "white",
                      "linecolor": "white",
                      "ticks": "",
                      "title": {
                        "standoff": 15
                      },
                      "zerolinecolor": "white",
                      "zerolinewidth": 2
                    },
                    "yaxis": {
                      "automargin": true,
                      "gridcolor": "white",
                      "linecolor": "white",
                      "ticks": "",
                      "title": {
                        "standoff": 15
                      },
                      "zerolinecolor": "white",
                      "zerolinewidth": 2
                    }
                  }
                },
                "title": {
                  "text": "Interactive Scatter Plot"
                },
                "width": 800,
                "xaxis": {
                  "title": {
                    "text": "First Variable"
                  }
                },
                "yaxis": {
                  "title": {
                    "text": "Second Variable"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "display_data"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "# Create the figure (for the moment: a blank graph)\n",
        "fig = go.Figure()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Add the scatter trace\n",
        "fig.add_trace(go.Scatter( \n",
        "    x=df['x'], # Variable in the x-axis\n",
        "    y=df['y'], # Variable in the y-axis\n",
        "    mode='markers', # This explicitly states that we want our observations to be represented by points\n",
        "    \n",
        "    # Properties associated with points \n",
        "    marker=dict(\n",
        "        size=12, # Size\n",
        "        color='#cb1dd1', # Color\n",
        "        opacity=0.8, # Point transparency \n",
        "        line=dict(width=1, color='black') # Properties of the edges\n",
        "    ),\n",
        "))\n",
        "\n",
        "# Customize the layout\n",
        "fig.update_layout(\n",
        "    title='Interactive Scatter Plot', # Title\n",
        "    xaxis_title='First Variable', # x-axis name\n",
        "    yaxis_title='Second Variable', # y-axis name\n",
        "    width=800,  # Set the width of the figure to 800 pixels\n",
        "    height=600,  # Set the height of the figure to 600 pixels\n",
        ")\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "Now, let's save the graph in a HTML file and display it in this website using an `iframe`"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 17,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# save this file as a standalong html file:\n",
        "fig.write_html(\"../../static/interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-basic.html\")\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 31,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<iframe \n",
              "    src=\"../../interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-basic.html\" \n",
              "    width=\"800\" \n",
              "    height=\"600\" \n",
              "    title=\"scatterplot with plotly\" \n",
              "    style=\"border:none\">\n",
              "</iframe>\n"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "display_data"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "%%html\n",
        "<iframe \n",
        "    src=\"../../interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-basic.html\" \n",
        "    width=\"800\" \n",
        "    height=\"600\" \n",
        "    title=\"scatterplot with plotly\" \n",
        "    style=\"border:none\">\n",
        "</iframe>\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "That's it, a first interactive scatterplot! 🔥 Try to hover markers, zoom on a specific area to understand the full potential of this chart."
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Add a grouping variable\n",
        "\n",
        "If you want to **display a grouping variable** on a [scatter plot](https://python-graph-gallery.com/scatter-plot/), you can *change the color* of the points according to the labels of the categorical variable. \n",
        "\n",
        "To do this with [plotly](https://python-graph-gallery.com/plotly/), we'll need to define the colors we want for each label and then **iterate over each label** to add the associated points. \n",
        "\n",
        "We need to **create and add a categorical variable** to our initial data set. To do this, we use a **comprehension list** which will assign the value `'Group1'` to observations with a value less than 25 for the `first_variable`, `'Group2'` otherwise:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 27,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Generate a sample of 100 observations\n",
        "sample_size = 200\n",
        "first_variable = np.random.uniform(30, 20, sample_size)\n",
        "second_variable = first_variable * 10 + np.random.normal(0, 10, sample_size)\n",
        "categorical_variable = ['Group1' if i < 25 else 'Group2' for i in first_variable]\n",
        "\n",
        "# Put the data into a pandas df\n",
        "df = pd.DataFrame({'first_variable': first_variable,\n",
        "                   'second_variable': second_variable,\n",
        "                   'categorical_variable': categorical_variable,})"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "Now, let's create a scatterplot using the `group` variable to color the markers:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 28,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "application/vnd.plotly.v1+json": {
              "config": {
                "plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
              },
              "data": [
                {
                  "marker": {
                    "color": "orange",
                    "line": {
                      "color": "black",
                      "width": 2
                    },
                    "opacity": 0.7,
                    "size": 12
                  },
                  "mode": "markers",
                  "name": "Group1",
                  "type": "scatter",
                  "x": [
                    23.799605791104078,
                    24.40071290033563,
                    21.970979759478894,
                    24.76522851905463,
                    21.50042531793976,
                    24.972519602951373,
                    22.731579942774616,
                    22.175028966315136,
                    20.81990191843365,
                    24.568873429649297,
                    20.003631515759317,
                    21.093872704894817,
                    22.152527630549123,
                    23.25218415556082,
                    23.40662526900265,
                    24.150317864532173,
                    20.865075864336333,
                    22.60723008293965,
                    24.66990081923918,
                    21.8949245070503,
                    23.319426773135476,
                    24.457904002942534,
                    21.543125509585174,
                    23.340634176671724,
                    23.19792999874423,
                    20.746635547852314,
                    21.19064059163026,
                    24.384362054294403,
                    23.069198183485973,
                    23.197450834630025,
                    21.874548831927317,
                    24.89862886649891,
                    24.85600880968088,
                    23.79397511746577,
                    22.294200934262843,
                    23.219507364483846,
                    21.170403018667383,
                    23.97885973661627,
                    21.6722659247018,
                    22.81360735597751,
                    23.229995065574684,
                    22.743384638007818,
                    24.19555678918117,
                    23.948127238618273,
                    24.938564343068055,
                    21.51993368342441,
                    20.48597114743565,
                    24.149869740575888,
                    21.365349093637967,
                    21.041915963536784,
                    22.613162963014766,
                    21.614028814278605,
                    22.940988787650543,
                    22.681948875380726,
                    24.32270335890743,
                    20.299785640890555,
                    24.880805159850482,
                    22.37540268723519,
                    20.44068589168796,
                    21.537191081035488,
                    22.072172471517405,
                    20.120302286493704,
                    20.286079286950844,
                    20.21167889580066,
                    21.622482970014737,
                    20.048097956113658,
                    21.44773457049078,
                    20.185241351698455,
                    20.737003096289236,
                    22.108949489288417,
                    21.23358937572941,
                    23.729189326174033,
                    23.902661923312717,
                    21.80845604056701,
                    24.875397163427337,
                    21.12130571682689,
                    20.940230762196663,
                    23.888115014538034,
                    20.783525538094104,
                    24.33751978606494,
                    20.44759023912119,
                    22.25936393605817,
                    20.48151258175331,
                    20.109470541531977,
                    22.576192865090405,
                    22.71360382225681,
                    22.65095260585263,
                    23.19381829118565,
                    23.346780008632006,
                    21.40314832857495,
                    22.865520132581327,
                    23.284106761760242,
                    22.0785652623923,
                    24.8347567318391,
                    23.977565252844748,
                    20.345569899800978,
                    20.87869470588318,
                    24.004841584115084,
                    21.99939633087483,
                    23.19052166353,
                    22.73067264497743,
                    22.24653344891647,
                    23.677535135955,
                    20.464439187813973,
                    21.20265894233959,
                    23.10939200961,
                    24.848749948669898
                  ],
                  "y": [
                    226.55656848291636,
                    249.7526456762444,
                    211.07559030402413,
                    261.24993468862726,
                    216.95683589010386,
                    252.58851603029413,
                    230.14747443934516,
                    211.0035305063201,
                    209.18420865805038,
                    254.73479869183058,
                    201.7212502226664,
                    213.5143858520802,
                    208.11514479877638,
                    211.61647858291593,
                    230.72570607688624,
                    243.3859554599069,
                    217.3494864650985,
                    221.48364125157875,
                    243.86276011934203,
                    217.64810381162192,
                    217.46882627814924,
                    246.70020339534702,
                    220.0151773481226,
                    220.75449327209228,
                    227.18131731932695,
                    198.14794113534265,
                    213.89696865560728,
                    235.94783477615084,
                    213.68424530252904,
                    233.6865552183754,
                    224.1443896905328,
                    267.0135216953705,
                    246.61251455008116,
                    234.26803770118897,
                    225.6403712289601,
                    243.0870744013158,
                    209.6115954268702,
                    225.27678809686338,
                    231.48603203924256,
                    230.7741359239789,
                    227.9286088084896,
                    222.1738113557445,
                    256.9606573305209,
                    251.2073208227181,
                    233.9448060916442,
                    216.4781145196197,
                    202.37827742067333,
                    236.02709532817843,
                    206.86392048950395,
                    209.4819307902286,
                    234.5901458101902,
                    234.19873623335434,
                    221.66541442708007,
                    235.6531798291395,
                    235.52016034280848,
                    205.68708508540635,
                    267.51142286456263,
                    213.2009735212408,
                    216.8829282177398,
                    219.24735521928824,
                    217.55970616481054,
                    191.6903619824818,
                    204.18078981713708,
                    203.2254424593068,
                    218.18955073848866,
                    203.18453588015447,
                    213.14102972844807,
                    183.755741751034,
                    213.65426207740228,
                    233.15140406006276,
                    207.3174394763555,
                    239.16442409273532,
                    224.35196926721406,
                    222.79278860822853,
                    261.52544117719054,
                    184.8103135694648,
                    210.29816013793177,
                    238.5168012321116,
                    206.35295696691705,
                    237.88965577969327,
                    214.1072342941,
                    221.042956548092,
                    195.04983870483963,
                    203.35499857413447,
                    230.73901453715678,
                    218.00991782285539,
                    218.50646740278023,
                    217.4356003363812,
                    233.86767732606285,
                    229.50579246521727,
                    233.50881765067086,
                    224.8105043614949,
                    209.78553971296745,
                    249.5940716947666,
                    262.17825015632366,
                    201.24877834496812,
                    201.46838026609691,
                    251.8740978437176,
                    213.06591108388193,
                    233.06763969215328,
                    220.82074606468177,
                    213.17344541325872,
                    215.89400303969478,
                    204.16751713209442,
                    199.69029818866005,
                    238.24693064158885,
                    253.89696882845288
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "marker": {
                    "color": "purple",
                    "line": {
                      "color": "black",
                      "width": 2
                    },
                    "opacity": 0.7,
                    "size": 12
                  },
                  "mode": "markers",
                  "name": "Group2",
                  "type": "scatter",
                  "x": [
                    26.058972694106522,
                    29.986317152901158,
                    25.034450534778884,
                    28.73084790982617,
                    27.351067755779592,
                    26.600312287507613,
                    27.411326314625292,
                    27.529658088981535,
                    26.71937758604669,
                    26.378375537380965,
                    26.803524671502792,
                    25.566488751601334,
                    25.619963075164797,
                    25.92588248392964,
                    27.796550886020057,
                    27.98263668905779,
                    26.890833067908304,
                    29.751032050230577,
                    29.803525600749644,
                    25.390267172227933,
                    25.852686895154157,
                    26.419394218329035,
                    27.15942376389118,
                    28.89552739736626,
                    28.127580486216907,
                    29.923530071753486,
                    27.718944869569622,
                    25.700360022441068,
                    25.47504546827182,
                    28.086739241910877,
                    26.203614148834145,
                    25.44917887901841,
                    26.969775661963574,
                    29.015190520724694,
                    27.37315404287564,
                    29.280188078791433,
                    28.568899673838786,
                    26.39871998756481,
                    26.171181325531805,
                    28.158234030500648,
                    28.283787005320168,
                    26.338421904985047,
                    29.285944233598002,
                    28.922779538876785,
                    29.897297459914345,
                    28.18561319705971,
                    28.45805031176117,
                    29.01901187177017,
                    26.872683886131593,
                    28.44164328530158,
                    26.39623364297624,
                    26.504292803800155,
                    27.272948376247115,
                    26.048229813016466,
                    25.68892871388469,
                    26.44511061158766,
                    25.122139730487525,
                    29.17259251566933,
                    29.69785247362107,
                    28.639608480818147,
                    28.136839815988132,
                    25.690341189434204,
                    28.142570961356167,
                    29.10260823264459,
                    28.87072172109436,
                    29.051252447013205,
                    25.042353933081163,
                    29.662445341415477,
                    28.571102943909302,
                    25.13620649871874,
                    25.34902064133041,
                    27.27905954144348,
                    29.949866440563458,
                    27.504732808064766,
                    25.89646520206001,
                    27.087966987102433,
                    29.400289411870922,
                    25.318854350181965,
                    25.270269506160005,
                    25.793977383386355,
                    26.393495248693576,
                    26.648367336544187,
                    26.884952472917675,
                    27.056634684551213,
                    26.618245466052343,
                    25.61022596107638,
                    27.31001592300015,
                    26.677276079176686,
                    26.307062900717852,
                    26.884270032513086,
                    29.108206774206042,
                    25.314009214719945,
                    26.96317986955809
                  ],
                  "y": [
                    275.66964857037897,
                    306.176761576519,
                    253.72437869644517,
                    267.1184519925207,
                    277.5555129883005,
                    254.99015126275174,
                    270.38165691346967,
                    266.499712433571,
                    271.883953044312,
                    246.7858955949091,
                    269.9922879941006,
                    251.6002684791815,
                    249.7996583603803,
                    267.0042771519025,
                    264.99484730152454,
                    277.8575552611766,
                    278.5135380039446,
                    287.4456748070901,
                    291.5638952971555,
                    258.1430441758798,
                    239.08636794440378,
                    274.0420186518141,
                    264.9452868753851,
                    279.1590760191398,
                    273.1725724338297,
                    308.26924153701896,
                    284.80753064667874,
                    249.53697240280906,
                    268.53753176041437,
                    304.23456832564057,
                    261.0140933885329,
                    256.5650911690773,
                    282.35377246476696,
                    284.79673942670127,
                    266.7247388681862,
                    280.0306704524648,
                    285.5128141294634,
                    266.7626152245235,
                    265.04165195135937,
                    278.24574106281784,
                    289.426188579823,
                    259.3789481604988,
                    296.17288320363826,
                    293.221720806733,
                    301.5590576749874,
                    279.9518822683806,
                    283.4751082800212,
                    295.10559366211777,
                    276.19824284917775,
                    290.02419309850944,
                    255.6257785709868,
                    273.65100551212146,
                    277.04920626417055,
                    237.70060481569362,
                    249.62475506609957,
                    254.86138343677715,
                    252.4354145758082,
                    294.9898376674235,
                    289.03638871179777,
                    271.52652836656137,
                    284.6910182382272,
                    258.7690610029848,
                    294.4530310778633,
                    305.16860822841545,
                    292.69860228836217,
                    296.66994544830806,
                    253.59113096350688,
                    293.58190397530467,
                    275.38777713249806,
                    252.8420335319312,
                    260.730312937963,
                    285.4673839070585,
                    312.55960003452634,
                    288.069119705265,
                    273.9700770859146,
                    272.5292314249905,
                    281.96326131897723,
                    252.46169897482707,
                    261.8696383322382,
                    249.7404100752673,
                    268.79198586777477,
                    262.93791225113245,
                    260.5742867031115,
                    277.12282761844074,
                    270.46185780712796,
                    260.8696525687913,
                    274.2234267782788,
                    272.94641418926165,
                    263.83230856587767,
                    268.2649000902875,
                    283.44445682382474,
                    251.59179281042478,
                    276.5583965004668
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "layout": {
                "height": 600,
                "template": {
                  "data": {
                    "bar": [
                      {
                        "error_x": {
                          "color": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "error_y": {
                          "color": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "marker": {
                          "line": {
                            "color": "#E5ECF6",
                            "width": 0.5
                          },
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "bar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "barpolar": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "line": {
                            "color": "#E5ECF6",
                            "width": 0.5
                          },
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "barpolar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "carpet": [
                      {
                        "aaxis": {
                          "endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
                          "gridcolor": "white",
                          "linecolor": "white",
                          "minorgridcolor": "white",
                          "startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "baxis": {
                          "endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
                          "gridcolor": "white",
                          "linecolor": "white",
                          "minorgridcolor": "white",
                          "startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "type": "carpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "choropleth": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "choropleth"
                      }
                    ],
                    "contour": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "contour"
                      }
                    ],
                    "contourcarpet": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "contourcarpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "heatmap": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "heatmap"
                      }
                    ],
                    "heatmapgl": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "heatmapgl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "histogram"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram2d": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "histogram2d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram2dcontour": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "histogram2dcontour"
                      }
                    ],
                    "mesh3d": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "mesh3d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "parcoords": [
                      {
                        "line": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "parcoords"
                      }
                    ],
                    "pie": [
                      {
                        "automargin": true,
                        "type": "pie"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatter": [
                      {
                        "fillpattern": {
                          "fillmode": "overlay",
                          "size": 10,
                          "solidity": 0.2
                        },
                        "type": "scatter"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatter3d": [
                      {
                        "line": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatter3d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattercarpet": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattercarpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattergeo": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattergeo"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattergl": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattergl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattermapbox": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattermapbox"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterpolar": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterpolar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterpolargl": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterpolargl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterternary": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterternary"
                      }
                    ],
                    "surface": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "surface"
                      }
                    ],
                    "table": [
                      {
                        "cells": {
                          "fill": {
                            "color": "#EBF0F8"
                          },
                          "line": {
                            "color": "white"
                          }
                        },
                        "header": {
                          "fill": {
                            "color": "#C8D4E3"
                          },
                          "line": {
                            "color": "white"
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "table"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  "layout": {
                    "annotationdefaults": {
                      "arrowcolor": "#2a3f5f",
                      "arrowhead": 0,
                      "arrowwidth": 1
                    },
                    "autotypenumbers": "strict",
                    "coloraxis": {
                      "colorbar": {
                        "outlinewidth": 0,
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "colorscale": {
                      "diverging": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#8e0152"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1,
                          "#c51b7d"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2,
                          "#de77ae"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3,
                          "#f1b6da"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4,
                          "#fde0ef"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5,
                          "#f7f7f7"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6,
                          "#e6f5d0"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7,
                          "#b8e186"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8,
                          "#7fbc41"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.9,
                          "#4d9221"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#276419"
                        ]
                      ],
                      "sequential": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#0d0887"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1111111111111111,
                          "#46039f"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2222222222222222,
                          "#7201a8"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3333333333333333,
                          "#9c179e"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4444444444444444,
                          "#bd3786"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5555555555555556,
                          "#d8576b"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6666666666666666,
                          "#ed7953"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7777777777777778,
                          "#fb9f3a"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8888888888888888,
                          "#fdca26"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#f0f921"
                        ]
                      ],
                      "sequentialminus": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#0d0887"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1111111111111111,
                          "#46039f"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2222222222222222,
                          "#7201a8"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3333333333333333,
                          "#9c179e"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4444444444444444,
                          "#bd3786"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5555555555555556,
                          "#d8576b"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6666666666666666,
                          "#ed7953"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7777777777777778,
                          "#fb9f3a"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8888888888888888,
                          "#fdca26"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#f0f921"
                        ]
                      ]
                    },
                    "colorway": [
                      "#636efa",
                      "#EF553B",
                      "#00cc96",
                      "#ab63fa",
                      "#FFA15A",
                      "#19d3f3",
                      "#FF6692",
                      "#B6E880",
                      "#FF97FF",
                      "#FECB52"
                    ],
                    "font": {
                      "color": "#2a3f5f"
                    },
                    "geo": {
                      "bgcolor": "white",
                      "lakecolor": "white",
                      "landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "showlakes": true,
                      "showland": true,
                      "subunitcolor": "white"
                    },
                    "hoverlabel": {
                      "align": "left"
                    },
                    "hovermode": "closest",
                    "mapbox": {
                      "style": "light"
                    },
                    "paper_bgcolor": "white",
                    "plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                    "polar": {
                      "angularaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "radialaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "scene": {
                      "xaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      },
                      "yaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      },
                      "zaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      }
                    },
                    "shapedefaults": {
                      "line": {
                        "color": "#2a3f5f"
                      }
                    },
                    "ternary": {
                      "aaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "baxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "caxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "title": {
                      "x": 0.05
                    },
                    "xaxis": {
                      "automargin": true,
                      "gridcolor": "white",
                      "linecolor": "white",
                      "ticks": "",
                      "title": {
                        "standoff": 15
                      },
                      "zerolinecolor": "white",
                      "zerolinewidth": 2
                    },
                    "yaxis": {
                      "automargin": true,
                      "gridcolor": "white",
                      "linecolor": "white",
                      "ticks": "",
                      "title": {
                        "standoff": 15
                      },
                      "zerolinecolor": "white",
                      "zerolinewidth": 2
                    }
                  }
                },
                "title": {
                  "text": "Interactive Scatter Plot with a Categorical Variable"
                },
                "width": 800,
                "xaxis": {
                  "title": {
                    "text": "First Variable"
                  }
                },
                "yaxis": {
                  "title": {
                    "text": "Second Variable"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "display_data"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "# Create a dictionary to map categories to colors\n",
        "category_colors = {\n",
        "    'Group1': 'orange',\n",
        "    'Group2': 'purple'\n",
        "}\n",
        "\n",
        "# Create the scatter plot (for the moment: a blank graph)\n",
        "fig = go.Figure()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Add the scatter trace with color based on the category_variable\n",
        "for category, color in category_colors.items():\n",
        "    category_data = df[df['categorical_variable'] == category]\n",
        "    fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
        "        x=category_data['first_variable'], # Variable in the x-axis\n",
        "        y=category_data['second_variable'], # Variable in the y-axis\n",
        "        mode='markers', # This explicitly states that we want our observations to be represented by points\n",
        "        name=category,\n",
        "        \n",
        "        # Properties associated with points \n",
        "        marker=dict(\n",
        "            size=12,\n",
        "            color=color,\n",
        "            opacity=0.7,\n",
        "            line=dict(width=2, color='black') # Properties of the edges\n",
        "        ),\n",
        "    ))\n",
        "\n",
        "# Customize the layout and change the figure size\n",
        "fig.update_layout(\n",
        "    title='Interactive Scatter Plot with a Categorical Variable', # Title\n",
        "    xaxis_title='First Variable', # x-axis name\n",
        "    yaxis_title='Second Variable', # y-axis name\n",
        "    width=800,  # Set the width of the figure to 800 pixels\n",
        "    height=600  # Set the height of the figure to 600 pixels\n",
        ")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "Save in HTML and display:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 29,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# save this file as a standalong html file:\n",
        "fig.write_html(\"../../static/interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-grouping.html\")\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 30,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<iframe \n",
              "    src=\"../../interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-grouping.html\" \n",
              "    width=\"800\" \n",
              "    height=\"600\" \n",
              "    title=\"scatterplot with plotly\" \n",
              "    style=\"border:none\">\n",
              "</iframe>\n"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "display_data"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "%%html\n",
        "<iframe \n",
        "    src=\"../../interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-grouping.html\" \n",
        "    width=\"800\" \n",
        "    height=\"600\" \n",
        "    title=\"scatterplot with plotly\" \n",
        "    style=\"border:none\">\n",
        "</iframe>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "tags": []
      },
      "source": [
        "## Add a trendline (linear or polynomial)\n",
        "\n",
        "Adding a trendline to a [scatter plot](https://python-graph-gallery.com/scatter-plot/) serves the purpose of visually representing the **overall trend or pattern** in the data. It helps in understanding the general **relationship** between two variables and provides insights into how they might be related.\n",
        "\n",
        "For this purpose, we've created a function `fit_trendline()` to **fit a relationship** between 2 quantitative variables, for a **given degree**. A degree of 1 is equivalent to fit a **linear** relationship. \n",
        "\n",
        "Once the data has been fitted, simply **add the line** to the graph and define a few styling parameters."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 32,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "application/vnd.plotly.v1+json": {
              "config": {
                "plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
              },
              "data": [
                {
                  "marker": {
                    "color": "orange",
                    "line": {
                      "color": "black",
                      "width": 2
                    },
                    "opacity": 0.7,
                    "size": 12
                  },
                  "mode": "markers",
                  "name": "Group1",
                  "type": "scatter",
                  "x": [
                    23.799605791104078,
                    24.40071290033563,
                    21.970979759478894,
                    24.76522851905463,
                    21.50042531793976,
                    24.972519602951373,
                    22.731579942774616,
                    22.175028966315136,
                    20.81990191843365,
                    24.568873429649297,
                    20.003631515759317,
                    21.093872704894817,
                    22.152527630549123,
                    23.25218415556082,
                    23.40662526900265,
                    24.150317864532173,
                    20.865075864336333,
                    22.60723008293965,
                    24.66990081923918,
                    21.8949245070503,
                    23.319426773135476,
                    24.457904002942534,
                    21.543125509585174,
                    23.340634176671724,
                    23.19792999874423,
                    20.746635547852314,
                    21.19064059163026,
                    24.384362054294403,
                    23.069198183485973,
                    23.197450834630025,
                    21.874548831927317,
                    24.89862886649891,
                    24.85600880968088,
                    23.79397511746577,
                    22.294200934262843,
                    23.219507364483846,
                    21.170403018667383,
                    23.97885973661627,
                    21.6722659247018,
                    22.81360735597751,
                    23.229995065574684,
                    22.743384638007818,
                    24.19555678918117,
                    23.948127238618273,
                    24.938564343068055,
                    21.51993368342441,
                    20.48597114743565,
                    24.149869740575888,
                    21.365349093637967,
                    21.041915963536784,
                    22.613162963014766,
                    21.614028814278605,
                    22.940988787650543,
                    22.681948875380726,
                    24.32270335890743,
                    20.299785640890555,
                    24.880805159850482,
                    22.37540268723519,
                    20.44068589168796,
                    21.537191081035488,
                    22.072172471517405,
                    20.120302286493704,
                    20.286079286950844,
                    20.21167889580066,
                    21.622482970014737,
                    20.048097956113658,
                    21.44773457049078,
                    20.185241351698455,
                    20.737003096289236,
                    22.108949489288417,
                    21.23358937572941,
                    23.729189326174033,
                    23.902661923312717,
                    21.80845604056701,
                    24.875397163427337,
                    21.12130571682689,
                    20.940230762196663,
                    23.888115014538034,
                    20.783525538094104,
                    24.33751978606494,
                    20.44759023912119,
                    22.25936393605817,
                    20.48151258175331,
                    20.109470541531977,
                    22.576192865090405,
                    22.71360382225681,
                    22.65095260585263,
                    23.19381829118565,
                    23.346780008632006,
                    21.40314832857495,
                    22.865520132581327,
                    23.284106761760242,
                    22.0785652623923,
                    24.8347567318391,
                    23.977565252844748,
                    20.345569899800978,
                    20.87869470588318,
                    24.004841584115084,
                    21.99939633087483,
                    23.19052166353,
                    22.73067264497743,
                    22.24653344891647,
                    23.677535135955,
                    20.464439187813973,
                    21.20265894233959,
                    23.10939200961,
                    24.848749948669898
                  ],
                  "y": [
                    226.55656848291636,
                    249.7526456762444,
                    211.07559030402413,
                    261.24993468862726,
                    216.95683589010386,
                    252.58851603029413,
                    230.14747443934516,
                    211.0035305063201,
                    209.18420865805038,
                    254.73479869183058,
                    201.7212502226664,
                    213.5143858520802,
                    208.11514479877638,
                    211.61647858291593,
                    230.72570607688624,
                    243.3859554599069,
                    217.3494864650985,
                    221.48364125157875,
                    243.86276011934203,
                    217.64810381162192,
                    217.46882627814924,
                    246.70020339534702,
                    220.0151773481226,
                    220.75449327209228,
                    227.18131731932695,
                    198.14794113534265,
                    213.89696865560728,
                    235.94783477615084,
                    213.68424530252904,
                    233.6865552183754,
                    224.1443896905328,
                    267.0135216953705,
                    246.61251455008116,
                    234.26803770118897,
                    225.6403712289601,
                    243.0870744013158,
                    209.6115954268702,
                    225.27678809686338,
                    231.48603203924256,
                    230.7741359239789,
                    227.9286088084896,
                    222.1738113557445,
                    256.9606573305209,
                    251.2073208227181,
                    233.9448060916442,
                    216.4781145196197,
                    202.37827742067333,
                    236.02709532817843,
                    206.86392048950395,
                    209.4819307902286,
                    234.5901458101902,
                    234.19873623335434,
                    221.66541442708007,
                    235.6531798291395,
                    235.52016034280848,
                    205.68708508540635,
                    267.51142286456263,
                    213.2009735212408,
                    216.8829282177398,
                    219.24735521928824,
                    217.55970616481054,
                    191.6903619824818,
                    204.18078981713708,
                    203.2254424593068,
                    218.18955073848866,
                    203.18453588015447,
                    213.14102972844807,
                    183.755741751034,
                    213.65426207740228,
                    233.15140406006276,
                    207.3174394763555,
                    239.16442409273532,
                    224.35196926721406,
                    222.79278860822853,
                    261.52544117719054,
                    184.8103135694648,
                    210.29816013793177,
                    238.5168012321116,
                    206.35295696691705,
                    237.88965577969327,
                    214.1072342941,
                    221.042956548092,
                    195.04983870483963,
                    203.35499857413447,
                    230.73901453715678,
                    218.00991782285539,
                    218.50646740278023,
                    217.4356003363812,
                    233.86767732606285,
                    229.50579246521727,
                    233.50881765067086,
                    224.8105043614949,
                    209.78553971296745,
                    249.5940716947666,
                    262.17825015632366,
                    201.24877834496812,
                    201.46838026609691,
                    251.8740978437176,
                    213.06591108388193,
                    233.06763969215328,
                    220.82074606468177,
                    213.17344541325872,
                    215.89400303969478,
                    204.16751713209442,
                    199.69029818866005,
                    238.24693064158885,
                    253.89696882845288
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "marker": {
                    "color": "purple",
                    "line": {
                      "color": "black",
                      "width": 2
                    },
                    "opacity": 0.7,
                    "size": 12
                  },
                  "mode": "markers",
                  "name": "Group2",
                  "type": "scatter",
                  "x": [
                    26.058972694106522,
                    29.986317152901158,
                    25.034450534778884,
                    28.73084790982617,
                    27.351067755779592,
                    26.600312287507613,
                    27.411326314625292,
                    27.529658088981535,
                    26.71937758604669,
                    26.378375537380965,
                    26.803524671502792,
                    25.566488751601334,
                    25.619963075164797,
                    25.92588248392964,
                    27.796550886020057,
                    27.98263668905779,
                    26.890833067908304,
                    29.751032050230577,
                    29.803525600749644,
                    25.390267172227933,
                    25.852686895154157,
                    26.419394218329035,
                    27.15942376389118,
                    28.89552739736626,
                    28.127580486216907,
                    29.923530071753486,
                    27.718944869569622,
                    25.700360022441068,
                    25.47504546827182,
                    28.086739241910877,
                    26.203614148834145,
                    25.44917887901841,
                    26.969775661963574,
                    29.015190520724694,
                    27.37315404287564,
                    29.280188078791433,
                    28.568899673838786,
                    26.39871998756481,
                    26.171181325531805,
                    28.158234030500648,
                    28.283787005320168,
                    26.338421904985047,
                    29.285944233598002,
                    28.922779538876785,
                    29.897297459914345,
                    28.18561319705971,
                    28.45805031176117,
                    29.01901187177017,
                    26.872683886131593,
                    28.44164328530158,
                    26.39623364297624,
                    26.504292803800155,
                    27.272948376247115,
                    26.048229813016466,
                    25.68892871388469,
                    26.44511061158766,
                    25.122139730487525,
                    29.17259251566933,
                    29.69785247362107,
                    28.639608480818147,
                    28.136839815988132,
                    25.690341189434204,
                    28.142570961356167,
                    29.10260823264459,
                    28.87072172109436,
                    29.051252447013205,
                    25.042353933081163,
                    29.662445341415477,
                    28.571102943909302,
                    25.13620649871874,
                    25.34902064133041,
                    27.27905954144348,
                    29.949866440563458,
                    27.504732808064766,
                    25.89646520206001,
                    27.087966987102433,
                    29.400289411870922,
                    25.318854350181965,
                    25.270269506160005,
                    25.793977383386355,
                    26.393495248693576,
                    26.648367336544187,
                    26.884952472917675,
                    27.056634684551213,
                    26.618245466052343,
                    25.61022596107638,
                    27.31001592300015,
                    26.677276079176686,
                    26.307062900717852,
                    26.884270032513086,
                    29.108206774206042,
                    25.314009214719945,
                    26.96317986955809
                  ],
                  "y": [
                    275.66964857037897,
                    306.176761576519,
                    253.72437869644517,
                    267.1184519925207,
                    277.5555129883005,
                    254.99015126275174,
                    270.38165691346967,
                    266.499712433571,
                    271.883953044312,
                    246.7858955949091,
                    269.9922879941006,
                    251.6002684791815,
                    249.7996583603803,
                    267.0042771519025,
                    264.99484730152454,
                    277.8575552611766,
                    278.5135380039446,
                    287.4456748070901,
                    291.5638952971555,
                    258.1430441758798,
                    239.08636794440378,
                    274.0420186518141,
                    264.9452868753851,
                    279.1590760191398,
                    273.1725724338297,
                    308.26924153701896,
                    284.80753064667874,
                    249.53697240280906,
                    268.53753176041437,
                    304.23456832564057,
                    261.0140933885329,
                    256.5650911690773,
                    282.35377246476696,
                    284.79673942670127,
                    266.7247388681862,
                    280.0306704524648,
                    285.5128141294634,
                    266.7626152245235,
                    265.04165195135937,
                    278.24574106281784,
                    289.426188579823,
                    259.3789481604988,
                    296.17288320363826,
                    293.221720806733,
                    301.5590576749874,
                    279.9518822683806,
                    283.4751082800212,
                    295.10559366211777,
                    276.19824284917775,
                    290.02419309850944,
                    255.6257785709868,
                    273.65100551212146,
                    277.04920626417055,
                    237.70060481569362,
                    249.62475506609957,
                    254.86138343677715,
                    252.4354145758082,
                    294.9898376674235,
                    289.03638871179777,
                    271.52652836656137,
                    284.6910182382272,
                    258.7690610029848,
                    294.4530310778633,
                    305.16860822841545,
                    292.69860228836217,
                    296.66994544830806,
                    253.59113096350688,
                    293.58190397530467,
                    275.38777713249806,
                    252.8420335319312,
                    260.730312937963,
                    285.4673839070585,
                    312.55960003452634,
                    288.069119705265,
                    273.9700770859146,
                    272.5292314249905,
                    281.96326131897723,
                    252.46169897482707,
                    261.8696383322382,
                    249.7404100752673,
                    268.79198586777477,
                    262.93791225113245,
                    260.5742867031115,
                    277.12282761844074,
                    270.46185780712796,
                    260.8696525687913,
                    274.2234267782788,
                    272.94641418926165,
                    263.83230856587767,
                    268.2649000902875,
                    283.44445682382474,
                    251.59179281042478,
                    276.5583965004668
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "line": {
                    "color": "black",
                    "dash": "solid",
                    "width": 3
                  },
                  "mode": "lines",
                  "showlegend": false,
                  "type": "scatter",
                  "x": [
                    23.799605791104078,
                    24.40071290033563,
                    21.970979759478894,
                    26.058972694106522,
                    24.76522851905463,
                    21.50042531793976,
                    29.986317152901158,
                    24.972519602951373,
                    25.034450534778884,
                    28.73084790982617,
                    27.351067755779592,
                    26.600312287507613,
                    27.411326314625292,
                    27.529658088981535,
                    22.731579942774616,
                    26.71937758604669,
                    22.175028966315136,
                    20.81990191843365,
                    24.568873429649297,
                    26.378375537380965,
                    20.003631515759317,
                    21.093872704894817,
                    22.152527630549123,
                    26.803524671502792,
                    23.25218415556082,
                    23.40662526900265,
                    25.566488751601334,
                    24.150317864532173,
                    20.865075864336333,
                    25.619963075164797,
                    22.60723008293965,
                    25.92588248392964,
                    24.66990081923918,
                    27.796550886020057,
                    27.98263668905779,
                    26.890833067908304,
                    21.8949245070503,
                    29.751032050230577,
                    23.319426773135476,
                    24.457904002942534,
                    21.543125509585174,
                    23.340634176671724,
                    29.803525600749644,
                    23.19792999874423,
                    25.390267172227933,
                    20.746635547852314,
                    25.852686895154157,
                    26.419394218329035,
                    21.19064059163026,
                    27.15942376389118,
                    24.384362054294403,
                    23.069198183485973,
                    28.89552739736626,
                    23.197450834630025,
                    21.874548831927317,
                    24.89862886649891,
                    24.85600880968088,
                    23.79397511746577,
                    22.294200934262843,
                    23.219507364483846,
                    28.127580486216907,
                    29.923530071753486,
                    27.718944869569622,
                    25.700360022441068,
                    21.170403018667383,
                    23.97885973661627,
                    21.6722659247018,
                    25.47504546827182,
                    22.81360735597751,
                    23.229995065574684,
                    28.086739241910877,
                    22.743384638007818,
                    24.19555678918117,
                    26.203614148834145,
                    23.948127238618273,
                    25.44917887901841,
                    24.938564343068055,
                    26.969775661963574,
                    21.51993368342441,
                    29.015190520724694,
                    20.48597114743565,
                    27.37315404287564,
                    29.280188078791433,
                    28.568899673838786,
                    24.149869740575888,
                    26.39871998756481,
                    21.365349093637967,
                    26.171181325531805,
                    28.158234030500648,
                    21.041915963536784,
                    28.283787005320168,
                    22.613162963014766,
                    21.614028814278605,
                    22.940988787650543,
                    26.338421904985047,
                    29.285944233598002,
                    22.681948875380726,
                    28.922779538876785,
                    24.32270335890743,
                    20.299785640890555,
                    29.897297459914345,
                    24.880805159850482,
                    22.37540268723519,
                    28.18561319705971,
                    20.44068589168796,
                    28.45805031176117,
                    29.01901187177017,
                    21.537191081035488,
                    26.872683886131593,
                    22.072172471517405,
                    28.44164328530158,
                    20.120302286493704,
                    26.39623364297624,
                    20.286079286950844,
                    20.21167889580066,
                    26.504292803800155,
                    27.272948376247115,
                    21.622482970014737,
                    26.048229813016466,
                    25.68892871388469,
                    26.44511061158766,
                    25.122139730487525,
                    29.17259251566933,
                    20.048097956113658,
                    21.44773457049078,
                    20.185241351698455,
                    29.69785247362107,
                    28.639608480818147,
                    28.136839815988132,
                    20.737003096289236,
                    22.108949489288417,
                    21.23358937572941,
                    25.690341189434204,
                    28.142570961356167,
                    23.729189326174033,
                    23.902661923312717,
                    29.10260823264459,
                    28.87072172109436,
                    29.051252447013205,
                    21.80845604056701,
                    25.042353933081163,
                    24.875397163427337,
                    21.12130571682689,
                    29.662445341415477,
                    20.940230762196663,
                    28.571102943909302,
                    25.13620649871874,
                    25.34902064133041,
                    23.888115014538034,
                    27.27905954144348,
                    29.949866440563458,
                    20.783525538094104,
                    27.504732808064766,
                    24.33751978606494,
                    25.89646520206001,
                    27.087966987102433,
                    20.44759023912119,
                    29.400289411870922,
                    22.25936393605817,
                    25.318854350181965,
                    20.48151258175331,
                    20.109470541531977,
                    22.576192865090405,
                    22.71360382225681,
                    22.65095260585263,
                    23.19381829118565,
                    25.270269506160005,
                    25.793977383386355,
                    23.346780008632006,
                    21.40314832857495,
                    26.393495248693576,
                    26.648367336544187,
                    22.865520132581327,
                    23.284106761760242,
                    22.0785652623923,
                    24.8347567318391,
                    26.884952472917675,
                    27.056634684551213,
                    23.977565252844748,
                    26.618245466052343,
                    25.61022596107638,
                    27.31001592300015,
                    26.677276079176686,
                    20.345569899800978,
                    20.87869470588318,
                    24.004841584115084,
                    21.99939633087483,
                    23.19052166353,
                    22.73067264497743,
                    26.307062900717852,
                    26.884270032513086,
                    22.24653344891647,
                    23.677535135955,
                    20.464439187813973,
                    29.108206774206042,
                    25.314009214719945,
                    21.20265894233959,
                    26.96317986955809,
                    23.10939200961,
                    24.848749948669898
                  ],
                  "y": [
                    237.47533322971194,
                    243.60865102758268,
                    218.81718659798386,
                    260.52848802573516,
                    247.32793848493648,
                    214.0159458759292,
                    300.6006337341557,
                    249.44300595740262,
                    250.07491012320426,
                    287.79061745756405,
                    273.71221105378476,
                    266.0519757900764,
                    274.3270513805193,
                    275.5344341689887,
                    226.57787112429912,
                    267.26684299664146,
                    220.8991760017193,
                    207.0723143434488,
                    245.3244550024473,
                    263.78747317706706,
                    198.7436060122534,
                    209.8677394430572,
                    220.66958656414639,
                    268.1254267813627,
                    231.88978814356383,
                    233.46560785231208,
                    255.50349250772493,
                    241.0537780174213,
                    207.53324079424252,
                    256.0491107767555,
                    225.3090835874764,
                    259.17051946694744,
                    246.3552747633984,
                    278.2576399289281,
                    280.15634209061346,
                    269.01626658903365,
                    218.04116677359983,
                    298.19993295118184,
                    232.5758894004152,
                    244.19219296563628,
                    214.45163169858748,
                    232.79227636965567,
                    298.73554403068414,
                    231.33621294789356,
                    253.7054386625101,
                    206.3247505103636,
                    258.42367784676395,
                    264.20600192517253,
                    210.85509792353758,
                    271.75679663886154,
                    243.44181730777674,
                    230.02271470182384,
                    289.4709030778174,
                    231.33132385950213,
                    217.83326623648063,
                    248.6890714887835,
                    248.25420331135925,
                    237.4178813874205,
                    222.11513159564888,
                    231.55637477810572,
                    281.6352571743885,
                    299.9599939607022,
                    277.4657970866004,
                    256.86943051686706,
                    210.64860649375296,
                    239.30432742636012,
                    215.76929903989006,
                    254.57046292193675,
                    227.41482711031924,
                    231.66338466498163,
                    281.2185388778613,
                    226.6983187887175,
                    241.51536747035743,
                    262.00431819804,
                    238.9907524011286,
                    254.30653656039206,
                    249.09654790263113,
                    269.82174702620273,
                    214.2149969325492,
                    290.69187011176473,
                    203.66509538102957,
                    273.9375655965188,
                    293.3957380486467,
                    286.13819980543377,
                    241.04920564322288,
                    263.9950551146023,
                    212.63771328167743,
                    261.67339412587296,
                    281.9480266057194,
                    209.3376056256449,
                    283.2290899689869,
                    225.3696189536341,
                    215.17508429784223,
                    228.71454689403174,
                    263.3798115126147,
                    293.4544702216326,
                    226.07146701711193,
                    289.7489667406649,
                    242.81269087090283,
                    201.7653759076425,
                    299.69233293555925,
                    248.50720962833972,
                    222.9436630654568,
                    282.22738635204183,
                    203.20303319478543,
                    285.0071628323685,
                    290.7308607675384,
                    214.39108053277192,
                    268.8310837856724,
                    219.84969320492456,
                    284.83975588300905,
                    199.93404096743353,
                    263.96968602266753,
                    201.62552491724279,
                    200.86639025354975,
                    265.07225354204286,
                    272.9151301783686,
                    215.26134517056536,
                    260.4188744431005,
                    256.75279265458755,
                    264.4683957815217,
                    250.96963536677745,
                    292.2979007878092,
                    199.19731352268676,
                    213.47832272333483,
                    200.5966382288543,
                    297.65732209415955,
                    286.85966787269246,
                    281.729733535107,
                    206.22646705022538,
                    220.2249426973751,
                    211.2933202267956,
                    256.76720466418425,
                    281.78821052755666,
                    236.75684803633152,
                    238.52685300072747,
                    291.58382530599437,
                    289.2178016031715,
                    291.0598232617675,
                    217.15889708107443,
                    250.15555141445932,
                    248.45202984389948,
                    210.1476485936032,
                    297.29605004997137,
                    208.30007396850525,
                    286.16068058353386,
                    251.11316379727847,
                    253.2845850772354,
                    238.37842551896665,
                    272.9774846534513,
                    300.2287136565314,
                    206.70115270264924,
                    275.28011232398643,
                    242.96386834824494,
                    258.87036407752504,
                    271.02769675944546,
                    203.27348080111813,
                    294.6211762981895,
                    221.75967683919745,
                    252.9767872695651,
                    203.61960298902076,
                    199.82352067390266,
                    224.99239939308293,
                    226.39445412886636,
                    225.75520063355958,
                    231.29425967740087,
                    252.48105816576592,
                    257.8246430193601,
                    232.85498456253148,
                    213.02339283333217,
                    263.9417451746331,
                    266.5422992000097,
                    227.94451233911002,
                    232.2155062822291,
                    219.91492121079722,
                    248.0373605136832,
                    268.9562647068995,
                    270.70800170687596,
                    239.29111933044345,
                    266.2349546327013,
                    255.949759406224,
                    273.2933440453023,
                    266.83726577581456,
                    202.2325296074159,
                    207.6721988633834,
                    239.5694298103425,
                    219.10713136892488,
                    231.26062296813086,
                    226.56861362984932,
                    263.0598440125774,
                    268.94930151545634,
                    221.6287626411569,
                    236.22980125990927,
                    203.44539684620526,
                    291.6409492928407,
                    252.92735056335098,
                    210.97772559367246,
                    269.75444772075394,
                    230.43282715157707,
                    248.18013847208653
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "layout": {
                "height": 600,
                "template": {
                  "data": {
                    "bar": [
                      {
                        "error_x": {
                          "color": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "error_y": {
                          "color": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "marker": {
                          "line": {
                            "color": "#E5ECF6",
                            "width": 0.5
                          },
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "bar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "barpolar": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "line": {
                            "color": "#E5ECF6",
                            "width": 0.5
                          },
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "barpolar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "carpet": [
                      {
                        "aaxis": {
                          "endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
                          "gridcolor": "white",
                          "linecolor": "white",
                          "minorgridcolor": "white",
                          "startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "baxis": {
                          "endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
                          "gridcolor": "white",
                          "linecolor": "white",
                          "minorgridcolor": "white",
                          "startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
                        },
                        "type": "carpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "choropleth": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "choropleth"
                      }
                    ],
                    "contour": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "contour"
                      }
                    ],
                    "contourcarpet": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "contourcarpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "heatmap": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "heatmap"
                      }
                    ],
                    "heatmapgl": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "heatmapgl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "pattern": {
                            "fillmode": "overlay",
                            "size": 10,
                            "solidity": 0.2
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "histogram"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram2d": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "histogram2d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "histogram2dcontour": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "histogram2dcontour"
                      }
                    ],
                    "mesh3d": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "type": "mesh3d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "parcoords": [
                      {
                        "line": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "parcoords"
                      }
                    ],
                    "pie": [
                      {
                        "automargin": true,
                        "type": "pie"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatter": [
                      {
                        "fillpattern": {
                          "fillmode": "overlay",
                          "size": 10,
                          "solidity": 0.2
                        },
                        "type": "scatter"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatter3d": [
                      {
                        "line": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatter3d"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattercarpet": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattercarpet"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattergeo": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattergeo"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattergl": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattergl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scattermapbox": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scattermapbox"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterpolar": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterpolar"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterpolargl": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterpolargl"
                      }
                    ],
                    "scatterternary": [
                      {
                        "marker": {
                          "colorbar": {
                            "outlinewidth": 0,
                            "ticks": ""
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "scatterternary"
                      }
                    ],
                    "surface": [
                      {
                        "colorbar": {
                          "outlinewidth": 0,
                          "ticks": ""
                        },
                        "colorscale": [
                          [
                            0,
                            "#0d0887"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.1111111111111111,
                            "#46039f"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.2222222222222222,
                            "#7201a8"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.3333333333333333,
                            "#9c179e"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.4444444444444444,
                            "#bd3786"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.5555555555555556,
                            "#d8576b"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.6666666666666666,
                            "#ed7953"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.7777777777777778,
                            "#fb9f3a"
                          ],
                          [
                            0.8888888888888888,
                            "#fdca26"
                          ],
                          [
                            1,
                            "#f0f921"
                          ]
                        ],
                        "type": "surface"
                      }
                    ],
                    "table": [
                      {
                        "cells": {
                          "fill": {
                            "color": "#EBF0F8"
                          },
                          "line": {
                            "color": "white"
                          }
                        },
                        "header": {
                          "fill": {
                            "color": "#C8D4E3"
                          },
                          "line": {
                            "color": "white"
                          }
                        },
                        "type": "table"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  "layout": {
                    "annotationdefaults": {
                      "arrowcolor": "#2a3f5f",
                      "arrowhead": 0,
                      "arrowwidth": 1
                    },
                    "autotypenumbers": "strict",
                    "coloraxis": {
                      "colorbar": {
                        "outlinewidth": 0,
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "colorscale": {
                      "diverging": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#8e0152"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1,
                          "#c51b7d"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2,
                          "#de77ae"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3,
                          "#f1b6da"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4,
                          "#fde0ef"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5,
                          "#f7f7f7"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6,
                          "#e6f5d0"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7,
                          "#b8e186"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8,
                          "#7fbc41"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.9,
                          "#4d9221"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#276419"
                        ]
                      ],
                      "sequential": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#0d0887"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1111111111111111,
                          "#46039f"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2222222222222222,
                          "#7201a8"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3333333333333333,
                          "#9c179e"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4444444444444444,
                          "#bd3786"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5555555555555556,
                          "#d8576b"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6666666666666666,
                          "#ed7953"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7777777777777778,
                          "#fb9f3a"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8888888888888888,
                          "#fdca26"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#f0f921"
                        ]
                      ],
                      "sequentialminus": [
                        [
                          0,
                          "#0d0887"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.1111111111111111,
                          "#46039f"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.2222222222222222,
                          "#7201a8"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.3333333333333333,
                          "#9c179e"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.4444444444444444,
                          "#bd3786"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.5555555555555556,
                          "#d8576b"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.6666666666666666,
                          "#ed7953"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.7777777777777778,
                          "#fb9f3a"
                        ],
                        [
                          0.8888888888888888,
                          "#fdca26"
                        ],
                        [
                          1,
                          "#f0f921"
                        ]
                      ]
                    },
                    "colorway": [
                      "#636efa",
                      "#EF553B",
                      "#00cc96",
                      "#ab63fa",
                      "#FFA15A",
                      "#19d3f3",
                      "#FF6692",
                      "#B6E880",
                      "#FF97FF",
                      "#FECB52"
                    ],
                    "font": {
                      "color": "#2a3f5f"
                    },
                    "geo": {
                      "bgcolor": "white",
                      "lakecolor": "white",
                      "landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "showlakes": true,
                      "showland": true,
                      "subunitcolor": "white"
                    },
                    "hoverlabel": {
                      "align": "left"
                    },
                    "hovermode": "closest",
                    "mapbox": {
                      "style": "light"
                    },
                    "paper_bgcolor": "white",
                    "plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                    "polar": {
                      "angularaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "radialaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "scene": {
                      "xaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      },
                      "yaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      },
                      "zaxis": {
                        "backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "gridwidth": 2,
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "showbackground": true,
                        "ticks": "",
                        "zerolinecolor": "white"
                      }
                    },
                    "shapedefaults": {
                      "line": {
                        "color": "#2a3f5f"
                      }
                    },
                    "ternary": {
                      "aaxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "baxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      },
                      "bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
                      "caxis": {
                        "gridcolor": "white",
                        "linecolor": "white",
                        "ticks": ""
                      }
                    },
                    "title": {
                      "x": 0.05
                    },
                    "xaxis": {
                      "automargin": true,
                      "gridcolor": "white",
                      "linecolor": "white",
                      "ticks": "",
                      "title": {
                        "standoff": 15
                      },
                      "zerolinecolor": "white",
                      "zerolinewidth": 2
                    },
                    "yaxis": {
                      "automargin": true,
                      "gridcolor": "white",
                      "linecolor": "white",
                      "ticks": "",
                      "title": {
                        "standoff": 15
                      },
                      "zerolinecolor": "white",
                      "zerolinewidth": 2
                    }
                  }
                },
                "title": {
                  "text": "Interactive Scatter Plot with a Categorical Variable"
                },
                "width": 800,
                "xaxis": {
                  "title": {
                    "text": "First Variable"
                  }
                },
                "yaxis": {
                  "title": {
                    "text": "Second Variable"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "display_data"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "# Function to fit linear or polynomial trendline\n",
        "def fit_trendline(x, y, degree):\n",
        "    coeffs = np.polyfit(x, y, degree)\n",
        "    return np.polyval(coeffs, x)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Create a dictionary to map categories to colors\n",
        "category_colors = {\n",
        "    'Group1': 'orange',\n",
        "    'Group2': 'purple'\n",
        "}\n",
        "\n",
        "# Create the scatter plot (for the moment: a blank graph)\n",
        "fig = go.Figure()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Add the scatter trace with color based on the category_variable\n",
        "for category, color in category_colors.items():\n",
        "    category_data = df[df['categorical_variable'] == category]\n",
        "    fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
        "        x=category_data['first_variable'], # Variable in the x-axis\n",
        "        y=category_data['second_variable'], # Variable in the y-axis\n",
        "        mode='markers', # This explicitly states that we want our observations to be represented by points\n",
        "        name=category,\n",
        "        \n",
        "        # Properties associated with points \n",
        "        marker=dict(\n",
        "            size=12,\n",
        "            color=color,\n",
        "            opacity=0.7,\n",
        "            line=dict(width=2, color='black') # Properties of the edges\n",
        "        ),\n",
        "    ))\n",
        "\n",
        "# Fit the data with our function\n",
        "trendline_y = fit_trendline(df['first_variable'], df['second_variable'], degree=1)\n",
        "    \n",
        "fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
        "    x=df['first_variable'],\n",
        "    y=trendline_y,\n",
        "    mode='lines',\n",
        "    line=dict(color='black', dash='solid', width=3), # Dash the line to distinguish trendlines\n",
        "    showlegend=False  # Remove trendline from the legend\n",
        "))\n",
        "\n",
        "# Customize the layout and change the figure size\n",
        "fig.update_layout(\n",
        "    title='Interactive Scatter Plot with a Categorical Variable', # Title\n",
        "    xaxis_title='First Variable', # x-axis name\n",
        "    yaxis_title='Second Variable', # y-axis name\n",
        "    width=800,  # Set the width of the figure to 800 pixels\n",
        "    height=600  # Set the height of the figure to 600 pixels\n",
        ")\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 33,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# save this file as a standalong html file:\n",
        "fig.write_html(\"../../static/interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-trendline.html\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 34,
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<iframe \n",
              "    src=\"../../interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-trendline.html\" \n",
              "    width=\"800\" \n",
              "    height=\"600\" \n",
              "    title=\"scatterplot with plotly\" \n",
              "    style=\"border:none\">\n",
              "</iframe>\n"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "display_data"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "%%html\n",
        "<iframe \n",
        "    src=\"../../interactiveCharts/scatterplot-plotly-trendline.html\" \n",
        "    width=\"800\" \n",
        "    height=\"600\" \n",
        "    title=\"scatterplot with plotly\" \n",
        "    style=\"border:none\">\n",
        "</iframe>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "attachments": {},
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Going further\n",
        "\n",
        "This article explains how to create an interactive scatter plot with [plotly](https://python-graph-gallery.com/plotly/) with various customization features, such as adding a categorical variable or a trendline.\n",
        "\n",
        "For more examples of **how to create or customize** your scatter plots with Python, see the [scatter plot section](https://python-graph-gallery.com/scatter-plot/). You may also be interested in creating a [scatter plot with marginal distribution](https://python-graph-gallery.com/82-marginal-plot-with-seaborn/)."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "chartType": "scatter",
    "description": "This post describes how to create an <b>interactive scatterplot</b> with python using the <a href='https://python-graph-gallery.com/plotly/'>plotly</a> library.<br/>Interactivity on scatterplots is very handy: it allows to <b>zoom on a specific area</b> and have a <b>tooltip</b> for data point description.<br/> This tutorial starts with a simple example and then shows how to add features such as a level of <b>grouping</b> or a <b>trend line</b>.",
    "family": "correlation",
    "kernelspec": {
      "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
      "language": "python",
      "name": "python3"
    },
    "keywords": "python, chart, scatter, plot, scatterplot, plotly, interactive, trendline",
    "language_info": {
      "codemirror_mode": {
        "name": "ipython",
        "version": 3
      },
      "file_extension": ".py",
      "mimetype": "text/x-python",
      "name": "python",
      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
      "version": "3.11.4"
    },
    "seoDescription": "A tutorial explaining how to build an interactive scatterplot with plotly using the plotly library",
    "slug": "511-interactive-scatterplot-with-plotly",
    "title": "Interactive scatterplot with Plotly"
  },
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 4
}