convert.go

// Copyright 2015 Huan Du. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package xstrings

import (
	"bytes"
	"math/rand"
	"unicode"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

// ToCamelCase is to convert words separated by space, underscore and hyphen to camel case.
//
// Some samples.
//     "some_words"      => "SomeWords"
//     "http_server"     => "HttpServer"
//     "no_https"        => "NoHttps"
//     "_complex__case_" => "_Complex_Case_"
//     "some words"      => "SomeWords"
func ToCamelCase(str string) string {
	if len(str) == 0 {
		return ""
	}

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	var r0, r1 rune
	var size int

	// leading connector will appear in output.
	for len(str) > 0 {
		r0, size = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)
		str = str[size:]

		if !isConnector(r0) {
			r0 = unicode.ToUpper(r0)
			break
		}

		buf.WriteRune(r0)
	}

	if len(str) == 0 {
		// A special case for a string contains only 1 rune.
		if size != 0 {
			buf.WriteRune(r0)
		}

		return buf.String()
	}

	for len(str) > 0 {
		r1 = r0
		r0, size = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)
		str = str[size:]

		if isConnector(r0) && isConnector(r1) {
			buf.WriteRune(r1)
			continue
		}

		if isConnector(r1) {
			r0 = unicode.ToUpper(r0)
		} else {
			r0 = unicode.ToLower(r0)
			buf.WriteRune(r1)
		}
	}

	buf.WriteRune(r0)
	return buf.String()
}

// ToSnakeCase can convert all upper case characters in a string to
// snake case format.
//
// Some samples.
//     "FirstName"  => "first_name"
//     "HTTPServer" => "http_server"
//     "NoHTTPS"    => "no_https"
//     "GO_PATH"    => "go_path"
//     "GO PATH"    => "go_path"      // space is converted to underscore.
//     "GO-PATH"    => "go_path"      // hyphen is converted to underscore.
//     "HTTP2XX"    => "http_2xx"     // insert an underscore before a number and after an alphabet.
//     "http2xx"    => "http_2xx"
//     "HTTP20xOK"  => "http_20x_ok"
func ToSnakeCase(str string) string {
	return camelCaseToLowerCase(str, '_')
}

// ToKebabCase can convert all upper case characters in a string to
// kebab case format.
//
// Some samples.
//     "FirstName"  => "first-name"
//     "HTTPServer" => "http-server"
//     "NoHTTPS"    => "no-https"
//     "GO_PATH"    => "go-path"
//     "GO PATH"    => "go-path"      // space is converted to '-'.
//     "GO-PATH"    => "go-path"      // hyphen is converted to '-'.
//     "HTTP2XX"    => "http-2xx"     // insert a '-' before a number and after an alphabet.
//     "http2xx"    => "http-2xx"
//     "HTTP20xOK"  => "http-20x-ok"
func ToKebabCase(str string) string {
	return camelCaseToLowerCase(str, '-')
}

func camelCaseToLowerCase(str string, connector rune) string {
	if len(str) == 0 {
		return ""
	}

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	var prev, r0, r1 rune
	var size int

	r0 = connector

	for len(str) > 0 {
		prev = r0
		r0, size = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)
		str = str[size:]

		switch {
		case r0 == utf8.RuneError:
			buf.WriteRune(r0)

		case unicode.IsUpper(r0):
			if prev != connector && !unicode.IsNumber(prev) {
				buf.WriteRune(connector)
			}

			buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r0))

			if len(str) == 0 {
				break
			}

			r0, size = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)
			str = str[size:]

			if !unicode.IsUpper(r0) {
				buf.WriteRune(r0)
				break
			}

			// find next non-upper-case character and insert connector properly.
			// it's designed to convert `HTTPServer` to `http_server`.
			// if there are more than 2 adjacent upper case characters in a word,
			// treat them as an abbreviation plus a normal word.
			for len(str) > 0 {
				r1 = r0
				r0, size = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)
				str = str[size:]

				if r0 == utf8.RuneError {
					buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r1))
					buf.WriteRune(r0)
					break
				}

				if !unicode.IsUpper(r0) {
					if isConnector(r0) {
						r0 = connector

						buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r1))
					} else if unicode.IsNumber(r0) {
						// treat a number as an upper case rune
						// so that both `http2xx` and `HTTP2XX` can be converted to `http_2xx`.
						buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r1))
						buf.WriteRune(connector)
						buf.WriteRune(r0)
					} else {
						buf.WriteRune(connector)
						buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r1))
						buf.WriteRune(r0)
					}

					break
				}

				buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r1))
			}

			if len(str) == 0 || r0 == connector {
				buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r0))
			}

		case unicode.IsNumber(r0):
			if prev != connector && !unicode.IsNumber(prev) {
				buf.WriteRune(connector)
			}

			buf.WriteRune(r0)

		default:
			if isConnector(r0) {
				r0 = connector
			}

			buf.WriteRune(r0)
		}
	}

	return buf.String()
}

func isConnector(r rune) bool {
	return r == '-' || r == '_' || unicode.IsSpace(r)
}

// SwapCase will swap characters case from upper to lower or lower to upper.
func SwapCase(str string) string {
	var r rune
	var size int

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}

	for len(str) > 0 {
		r, size = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)

		switch {
		case unicode.IsUpper(r):
			buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r))

		case unicode.IsLower(r):
			buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToUpper(r))

		default:
			buf.WriteRune(r)
		}

		str = str[size:]
	}

	return buf.String()
}

// FirstRuneToUpper converts first rune to upper case if necessary.
func FirstRuneToUpper(str string) string {
	if str == "" {
		return str
	}

	r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)

	if !unicode.IsLower(r) {
		return str
	}

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToUpper(r))
	buf.WriteString(str[size:])
	return buf.String()
}

// FirstRuneToLower converts first rune to lower case if necessary.
func FirstRuneToLower(str string) string {
	if str == "" {
		return str
	}

	r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str)

	if !unicode.IsUpper(r) {
		return str
	}

	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
	buf.WriteRune(unicode.ToLower(r))
	buf.WriteString(str[size:])
	return buf.String()
}

// Shuffle randomizes runes in a string and returns the result.
// It uses default random source in `math/rand`.
func Shuffle(str string) string {
	if str == "" {
		return str
	}

	runes := []rune(str)
	index := 0

	for i := len(runes) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
		index = rand.Intn(i + 1)

		if i != index {
			runes[i], runes[index] = runes[index], runes[i]
		}
	}

	return string(runes)
}

// ShuffleSource randomizes runes in a string with given random source.
func ShuffleSource(str string, src rand.Source) string {
	if str == "" {
		return str
	}

	runes := []rune(str)
	index := 0
	r := rand.New(src)

	for i := len(runes) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
		index = r.Intn(i + 1)

		if i != index {
			runes[i], runes[index] = runes[index], runes[i]
		}
	}

	return string(runes)
}

// Successor returns the successor to string.
//
// If there is one alphanumeric rune is found in string, increase the rune by 1.
// If increment generates a "carry", the rune to the left of it is incremented.
// This process repeats until there is no carry, adding an additional rune if necessary.
//
// If there is no alphanumeric rune, the rightmost rune will be increased by 1
// regardless whether the result is a valid rune or not.
//
// Only following characters are alphanumeric.
//     * a - z
//     * A - Z
//     * 0 - 9
//
// Samples (borrowed from ruby's String#succ document):
//     "abcd"      => "abce"
//     "THX1138"   => "THX1139"
//     "<<koala>>" => "<<koalb>>"
//     "1999zzz"   => "2000aaa"
//     "ZZZ9999"   => "AAAA0000"
//     "***"       => "**+"
func Successor(str string) string {
	if str == "" {
		return str
	}

	var r rune
	var i int
	carry := ' '
	runes := []rune(str)
	l := len(runes)
	lastAlphanumeric := l

	for i = l - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		r = runes[i]

		if ('a' <= r && r <= 'y') ||
			('A' <= r && r <= 'Y') ||
			('0' <= r && r <= '8') {
			runes[i]++
			carry = ' '
			lastAlphanumeric = i
			break
		}

		switch r {
		case 'z':
			runes[i] = 'a'
			carry = 'a'
			lastAlphanumeric = i

		case 'Z':
			runes[i] = 'A'
			carry = 'A'
			lastAlphanumeric = i

		case '9':
			runes[i] = '0'
			carry = '0'
			lastAlphanumeric = i
		}
	}

	// Needs to add one character for carry.
	if i < 0 && carry != ' ' {
		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
		buf.Grow(l + 4) // Reserve enough space for write.

		if lastAlphanumeric != 0 {
			buf.WriteString(str[:lastAlphanumeric])
		}

		buf.WriteRune(carry)

		for _, r = range runes[lastAlphanumeric:] {
			buf.WriteRune(r)
		}

		return buf.String()
	}

	// No alphanumeric character. Simply increase last rune's value.
	if lastAlphanumeric == l {
		runes[l-1]++
	}

	return string(runes)
}