replication_controller.go

/*
Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors All rights reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

// If you make changes to this file, you should also make the corresponding change in ReplicaSet.

package replication

import (
	"reflect"
	"sort"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/cache"
	clientset "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/clientset_generated/internalclientset"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/record"
	unversionedcore "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/typed/generated/core/unversioned"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller/framework"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/labels"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/runtime"
	utilruntime "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/runtime"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/wait"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/workqueue"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/watch"
)

const (
	// We'll attempt to recompute the required replicas of all replication controllers
	// that have fulfilled their expectations at least this often. This recomputation
	// happens based on contents in local pod storage.
	FullControllerResyncPeriod = 30 * time.Second

	// Realistic value of the burstReplica field for the replication manager based off
	// performance requirements for kubernetes 1.0.
	BurstReplicas = 500

	// We must avoid counting pods until the pod store has synced. If it hasn't synced, to
	// avoid a hot loop, we'll wait this long between checks.
	PodStoreSyncedPollPeriod = 100 * time.Millisecond

	// The number of times we retry updating a replication controller's status.
	statusUpdateRetries = 1
)

// ReplicationManager is responsible for synchronizing ReplicationController objects stored
// in the system with actual running pods.
// TODO: this really should be called ReplicationController. The only reason why it's a Manager
// is to distinguish this type from API object "ReplicationController". We should fix this.
type ReplicationManager struct {
	kubeClient clientset.Interface
	podControl controller.PodControlInterface

	// An rc is temporarily suspended after creating/deleting these many replicas.
	// It resumes normal action after observing the watch events for them.
	burstReplicas int
	// To allow injection of syncReplicationController for testing.
	syncHandler func(rcKey string) error

	// A TTLCache of pod creates/deletes each rc expects to see.
	expectations *controller.UIDTrackingControllerExpectations

	// A store of replication controllers, populated by the rcController
	rcStore cache.StoreToReplicationControllerLister
	// Watches changes to all replication controllers
	rcController *framework.Controller
	// A store of pods, populated by the podController
	podStore cache.StoreToPodLister
	// Watches changes to all pods
	podController *framework.Controller
	// podStoreSynced returns true if the pod store has been synced at least once.
	// Added as a member to the struct to allow injection for testing.
	podStoreSynced func() bool

	lookupCache *controller.MatchingCache

	// Controllers that need to be synced
	queue *workqueue.Type
}

// NewReplicationManager creates a new ReplicationManager.
func NewReplicationManager(kubeClient clientset.Interface, resyncPeriod controller.ResyncPeriodFunc, burstReplicas int, lookupCacheSize int) *ReplicationManager {
	eventBroadcaster := record.NewBroadcaster()
	eventBroadcaster.StartLogging(glog.Infof)
	eventBroadcaster.StartRecordingToSink(&unversionedcore.EventSinkImpl{kubeClient.Core().Events("")})

	rm := &ReplicationManager{
		kubeClient: kubeClient,
		podControl: controller.RealPodControl{
			KubeClient: kubeClient,
			Recorder:   eventBroadcaster.NewRecorder(api.EventSource{Component: "replication-controller"}),
		},
		burstReplicas: burstReplicas,
		expectations:  controller.NewUIDTrackingControllerExpectations(controller.NewControllerExpectations()),
		queue:         workqueue.New(),
	}

	rm.rcStore.Store, rm.rcController = framework.NewInformer(
		&cache.ListWatch{
			ListFunc: func(options api.ListOptions) (runtime.Object, error) {
				return rm.kubeClient.Core().ReplicationControllers(api.NamespaceAll).List(options)
			},
			WatchFunc: func(options api.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
				return rm.kubeClient.Core().ReplicationControllers(api.NamespaceAll).Watch(options)
			},
		},
		&api.ReplicationController{},
		// TODO: Can we have much longer period here?
		FullControllerResyncPeriod,
		framework.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
			AddFunc: rm.enqueueController,
			UpdateFunc: func(old, cur interface{}) {
				oldRC := old.(*api.ReplicationController)
				curRC := cur.(*api.ReplicationController)

				// We should invalidate the whole lookup cache if a RC's selector has been updated.
				//
				// Imagine that you have two RCs:
				// * old RC1
				// * new RC2
				// You also have a pod that is attached to RC2 (because it doesn't match RC1 selector).
				// Now imagine that you are changing RC1 selector so that it is now matching that pod,
				// in such case, we must invalidate the whole cache so that pod could be adopted by RC1
				//
				// This makes the lookup cache less helpful, but selector update does not happen often,
				// so it's not a big problem
				if !reflect.DeepEqual(oldRC.Spec.Selector, curRC.Spec.Selector) {
					rm.lookupCache.InvalidateAll()
				}

				// You might imagine that we only really need to enqueue the
				// controller when Spec changes, but it is safer to sync any
				// time this function is triggered. That way a full informer
				// resync can requeue any controllers that don't yet have pods
				// but whose last attempts at creating a pod have failed (since
				// we don't block on creation of pods) instead of those
				// controllers stalling indefinitely. Enqueueing every time
				// does result in some spurious syncs (like when Status.Replica
				// is updated and the watch notification from it retriggers
				// this function), but in general extra resyncs shouldn't be
				// that bad as rcs that haven't met expectations yet won't
				// sync, and all the listing is done using local stores.
				if oldRC.Status.Replicas != curRC.Status.Replicas {
					glog.V(4).Infof("Observed updated replica count for rc: %v, %d->%d", curRC.Name, oldRC.Status.Replicas, curRC.Status.Replicas)
				}
				rm.enqueueController(cur)
			},
			// This will enter the sync loop and no-op, because the controller has been deleted from the store.
			// Note that deleting a controller immediately after scaling it to 0 will not work. The recommended
			// way of achieving this is by performing a `stop` operation on the controller.
			DeleteFunc: rm.enqueueController,
		},
	)

	rm.podStore.Store, rm.podController = framework.NewInformer(
		&cache.ListWatch{
			ListFunc: func(options api.ListOptions) (runtime.Object, error) {
				return rm.kubeClient.Core().Pods(api.NamespaceAll).List(options)
			},
			WatchFunc: func(options api.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
				return rm.kubeClient.Core().Pods(api.NamespaceAll).Watch(options)
			},
		},
		&api.Pod{},
		resyncPeriod(),
		framework.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
			AddFunc: rm.addPod,
			// This invokes the rc for every pod change, eg: host assignment. Though this might seem like overkill
			// the most frequent pod update is status, and the associated rc will only list from local storage, so
			// it should be ok.
			UpdateFunc: rm.updatePod,
			DeleteFunc: rm.deletePod,
		},
	)

	rm.syncHandler = rm.syncReplicationController
	rm.podStoreSynced = rm.podController.HasSynced
	rm.lookupCache = controller.NewMatchingCache(lookupCacheSize)
	return rm
}

// SetEventRecorder replaces the event recorder used by the replication manager
// with the given recorder. Only used for testing.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) SetEventRecorder(recorder record.EventRecorder) {
	// TODO: Hack. We can't cleanly shutdown the event recorder, so benchmarks
	// need to pass in a fake.
	rm.podControl = controller.RealPodControl{KubeClient: rm.kubeClient, Recorder: recorder}
}

// Run begins watching and syncing.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) Run(workers int, stopCh <-chan struct{}) {
	defer utilruntime.HandleCrash()
	glog.Infof("Starting RC Manager")
	go rm.rcController.Run(stopCh)
	go rm.podController.Run(stopCh)
	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
		go wait.Until(rm.worker, time.Second, stopCh)
	}
	<-stopCh
	glog.Infof("Shutting down RC Manager")
	rm.queue.ShutDown()
}

// getPodController returns the controller managing the given pod.
// TODO: Surface that we are ignoring multiple controllers for a single pod.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) getPodController(pod *api.Pod) *api.ReplicationController {
	// look up in the cache, if cached and the cache is valid, just return cached value
	if obj, cached := rm.lookupCache.GetMatchingObject(pod); cached {
		controller, ok := obj.(*api.ReplicationController)
		if !ok {
			// This should not happen
			glog.Errorf("lookup cache does not retuen a ReplicationController object")
			return nil
		}
		if cached && rm.isCacheValid(pod, controller) {
			return controller
		}
	}

	// if not cached or cached value is invalid, search all the rc to find the matching one, and update cache
	controllers, err := rm.rcStore.GetPodControllers(pod)
	if err != nil {
		glog.V(4).Infof("No controllers found for pod %v, replication manager will avoid syncing", pod.Name)
		return nil
	}
	// In theory, overlapping controllers is user error. This sorting will not prevent
	// oscillation of replicas in all cases, eg:
	// rc1 (older rc): [(k1=v1)], replicas=1 rc2: [(k2=v2)], replicas=2
	// pod: [(k1:v1), (k2:v2)] will wake both rc1 and rc2, and we will sync rc1.
	// pod: [(k2:v2)] will wake rc2 which creates a new replica.
	if len(controllers) > 1 {
		// More than two items in this list indicates user error. If two replication-controller
		// overlap, sort by creation timestamp, subsort by name, then pick
		// the first.
		glog.Errorf("user error! more than one replication controller is selecting pods with labels: %+v", pod.Labels)
		sort.Sort(OverlappingControllers(controllers))
	}

	// update lookup cache
	rm.lookupCache.Update(pod, &controllers[0])

	return &controllers[0]
}

// isCacheValid check if the cache is valid
func (rm *ReplicationManager) isCacheValid(pod *api.Pod, cachedRC *api.ReplicationController) bool {
	_, exists, err := rm.rcStore.Get(cachedRC)
	// rc has been deleted or updated, cache is invalid
	if err != nil || !exists || !isControllerMatch(pod, cachedRC) {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// isControllerMatch take a Pod and ReplicationController, return whether the Pod and ReplicationController are matching
// TODO(mqliang): This logic is a copy from GetPodControllers(), remove the duplication
func isControllerMatch(pod *api.Pod, rc *api.ReplicationController) bool {
	if rc.Namespace != pod.Namespace {
		return false
	}
	labelSet := labels.Set(rc.Spec.Selector)
	selector := labels.Set(rc.Spec.Selector).AsSelector()

	// If an rc with a nil or empty selector creeps in, it should match nothing, not everything.
	if labelSet.AsSelector().Empty() || !selector.Matches(labels.Set(pod.Labels)) {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// When a pod is created, enqueue the controller that manages it and update it's expectations.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) addPod(obj interface{}) {
	pod := obj.(*api.Pod)

	rc := rm.getPodController(pod)
	if rc == nil {
		return
	}
	rcKey, err := controller.KeyFunc(rc)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Couldn't get key for replication controller %#v: %v", rc, err)
		return
	}

	if pod.DeletionTimestamp != nil {
		// on a restart of the controller manager, it's possible a new pod shows up in a state that
		// is already pending deletion. Prevent the pod from being a creation observation.
		rm.deletePod(pod)
		return
	}
	rm.expectations.CreationObserved(rcKey)
	rm.enqueueController(rc)
}

// When a pod is updated, figure out what controller/s manage it and wake them
// up. If the labels of the pod have changed we need to awaken both the old
// and new controller. old and cur must be *api.Pod types.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) updatePod(old, cur interface{}) {
	if api.Semantic.DeepEqual(old, cur) {
		// A periodic relist will send update events for all known pods.
		return
	}
	curPod := cur.(*api.Pod)
	rc := rm.getPodController(curPod)
	if rc == nil {
		return
	}
	oldPod := old.(*api.Pod)

	if curPod.DeletionTimestamp != nil {
		// when a pod is deleted gracefully it's deletion timestamp is first modified to reflect a grace period,
		// and after such time has passed, the kubelet actually deletes it from the store. We receive an update
		// for modification of the deletion timestamp and expect an rc to create more replicas asap, not wait
		// until the kubelet actually deletes the pod. This is different from the Phase of a pod changing, because
		// an rc never initiates a phase change, and so is never asleep waiting for the same.
		rm.deletePod(curPod)
		return
	}
	rm.enqueueController(rc)
	// Only need to get the old controller if the labels changed.
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(curPod.Labels, oldPod.Labels) {
		// If the old and new rc are the same, the first one that syncs
		// will set expectations preventing any damage from the second.
		if oldRC := rm.getPodController(oldPod); oldRC != nil {
			rm.enqueueController(oldRC)
		}
	}
}

// When a pod is deleted, enqueue the controller that manages the pod and update its expectations.
// obj could be an *api.Pod, or a DeletionFinalStateUnknown marker item.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) deletePod(obj interface{}) {
	pod, ok := obj.(*api.Pod)

	// When a delete is dropped, the relist will notice a pod in the store not
	// in the list, leading to the insertion of a tombstone object which contains
	// the deleted key/value. Note that this value might be stale. If the pod
	// changed labels the new rc will not be woken up till the periodic resync.
	if !ok {
		tombstone, ok := obj.(cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown)
		if !ok {
			glog.Errorf("Couldn't get object from tombstone %+v", obj)
			return
		}
		pod, ok = tombstone.Obj.(*api.Pod)
		if !ok {
			glog.Errorf("Tombstone contained object that is not a pod %+v", obj)
			return
		}
	}
	glog.V(4).Infof("Pod %s/%s deleted through %v, timestamp %+v, labels %+v.", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, utilruntime.GetCaller(), pod.DeletionTimestamp, pod.Labels)
	if rc := rm.getPodController(pod); rc != nil {
		rcKey, err := controller.KeyFunc(rc)
		if err != nil {
			glog.Errorf("Couldn't get key for replication controller %#v: %v", rc, err)
			return
		}
		rm.expectations.DeletionObserved(rcKey, controller.PodKey(pod))
		rm.enqueueController(rc)
	}
}

// obj could be an *api.ReplicationController, or a DeletionFinalStateUnknown marker item.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) enqueueController(obj interface{}) {
	key, err := controller.KeyFunc(obj)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Couldn't get key for object %+v: %v", obj, err)
		return
	}

	// TODO: Handle overlapping controllers better. Either disallow them at admission time or
	// deterministically avoid syncing controllers that fight over pods. Currently, we only
	// ensure that the same controller is synced for a given pod. When we periodically relist
	// all controllers there will still be some replica instability. One way to handle this is
	// by querying the store for all controllers that this rc overlaps, as well as all
	// controllers that overlap this rc, and sorting them.
	rm.queue.Add(key)
}

// worker runs a worker thread that just dequeues items, processes them, and marks them done.
// It enforces that the syncHandler is never invoked concurrently with the same key.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) worker() {
	for {
		func() {
			key, quit := rm.queue.Get()
			if quit {
				return
			}
			defer rm.queue.Done(key)
			err := rm.syncHandler(key.(string))
			if err != nil {
				glog.Errorf("Error syncing replication controller: %v", err)
			}
		}()
	}
}

// manageReplicas checks and updates replicas for the given replication controller.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) manageReplicas(filteredPods []*api.Pod, rc *api.ReplicationController) {
	diff := len(filteredPods) - rc.Spec.Replicas
	rcKey, err := controller.KeyFunc(rc)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Couldn't get key for replication controller %#v: %v", rc, err)
		return
	}
	if diff < 0 {
		diff *= -1
		if diff > rm.burstReplicas {
			diff = rm.burstReplicas
		}
		// TODO: Track UIDs of creates just like deletes. The problem currently
		// is we'd need to wait on the result of a create to record the pod's
		// UID, which would require locking *across* the create, which will turn
		// into a performance bottleneck. We should generate a UID for the pod
		// beforehand and store it via ExpectCreations.
		rm.expectations.ExpectCreations(rcKey, diff)
		wait := sync.WaitGroup{}
		wait.Add(diff)
		glog.V(2).Infof("Too few %q/%q replicas, need %d, creating %d", rc.Namespace, rc.Name, rc.Spec.Replicas, diff)
		for i := 0; i < diff; i++ {
			go func() {
				defer wait.Done()
				if err := rm.podControl.CreatePods(rc.Namespace, rc.Spec.Template, rc); err != nil {
					// Decrement the expected number of creates because the informer won't observe this pod
					glog.V(2).Infof("Failed creation, decrementing expectations for controller %q/%q", rc.Namespace, rc.Name)
					rm.expectations.CreationObserved(rcKey)
					utilruntime.HandleError(err)
				}
			}()
		}
		wait.Wait()
	} else if diff > 0 {
		if diff > rm.burstReplicas {
			diff = rm.burstReplicas
		}
		glog.V(2).Infof("Too many %q/%q replicas, need %d, deleting %d", rc.Namespace, rc.Name, rc.Spec.Replicas, diff)
		// No need to sort pods if we are about to delete all of them
		if rc.Spec.Replicas != 0 {
			// Sort the pods in the order such that not-ready < ready, unscheduled
			// < scheduled, and pending < running. This ensures that we delete pods
			// in the earlier stages whenever possible.
			sort.Sort(controller.ActivePods(filteredPods))
		}
		// Snapshot the UIDs (ns/name) of the pods we're expecting to see
		// deleted, so we know to record their expectations exactly once either
		// when we see it as an update of the deletion timestamp, or as a delete.
		// Note that if the labels on a pod/rc change in a way that the pod gets
		// orphaned, the rs will only wake up after the expectations have
		// expired even if other pods are deleted.
		deletedPodKeys := []string{}
		for i := 0; i < diff; i++ {
			deletedPodKeys = append(deletedPodKeys, controller.PodKey(filteredPods[i]))
		}
		// We use pod namespace/name as a UID to wait for deletions, so if the
		// labels on a pod/rc change in a way that the pod gets orphaned, the
		// rc will only wake up after the expectation has expired.
		rm.expectations.ExpectDeletions(rcKey, deletedPodKeys)
		wait := sync.WaitGroup{}
		wait.Add(diff)
		for i := 0; i < diff; i++ {
			go func(ix int) {
				defer wait.Done()
				if err := rm.podControl.DeletePod(rc.Namespace, filteredPods[ix].Name, rc); err != nil {
					// Decrement the expected number of deletes because the informer won't observe this deletion
					podKey := controller.PodKey(filteredPods[ix])
					glog.V(2).Infof("Failed to delete %v, decrementing expectations for controller %q/%q", podKey, rc.Namespace, rc.Name)
					rm.expectations.DeletionObserved(rcKey, podKey)
					utilruntime.HandleError(err)
				}
			}(i)
		}
		wait.Wait()
	}
}

// syncReplicationController will sync the rc with the given key if it has had its expectations fulfilled, meaning
// it did not expect to see any more of its pods created or deleted. This function is not meant to be invoked
// concurrently with the same key.
func (rm *ReplicationManager) syncReplicationController(key string) error {
	startTime := time.Now()
	defer func() {
		glog.V(4).Infof("Finished syncing controller %q (%v)", key, time.Now().Sub(startTime))
	}()

	if !rm.podStoreSynced() {
		// Sleep so we give the pod reflector goroutine a chance to run.
		time.Sleep(PodStoreSyncedPollPeriod)
		glog.Infof("Waiting for pods controller to sync, requeuing rc %v", key)
		rm.queue.Add(key)
		return nil
	}

	obj, exists, err := rm.rcStore.Store.GetByKey(key)
	if !exists {
		glog.Infof("Replication Controller has been deleted %v", key)
		rm.expectations.DeleteExpectations(key)
		return nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		glog.Infof("Unable to retrieve rc %v from store: %v", key, err)
		rm.queue.Add(key)
		return err
	}
	rc := *obj.(*api.ReplicationController)

	// Check the expectations of the rc before counting active pods, otherwise a new pod can sneak in
	// and update the expectations after we've retrieved active pods from the store. If a new pod enters
	// the store after we've checked the expectation, the rc sync is just deferred till the next relist.
	rcKey, err := controller.KeyFunc(&rc)
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Couldn't get key for replication controller %#v: %v", rc, err)
		return err
	}
	rcNeedsSync := rm.expectations.SatisfiedExpectations(rcKey)
	podList, err := rm.podStore.Pods(rc.Namespace).List(labels.Set(rc.Spec.Selector).AsSelector())
	if err != nil {
		glog.Errorf("Error getting pods for rc %q: %v", key, err)
		rm.queue.Add(key)
		return err
	}

	// TODO: Do this in a single pass, or use an index.
	filteredPods := controller.FilterActivePods(podList.Items)
	if rcNeedsSync {
		rm.manageReplicas(filteredPods, &rc)
	}

	// Count the number of pods that have labels matching the labels of the pod
	// template of the replication controller, the matching pods may have more
	// labels than are in the template. Because the label of podTemplateSpec is
	// a superset of the selector of the replication controller, so the possible
	// matching pods must be part of the filteredPods.
	fullyLabeledReplicasCount := 0
	templateLabel := labels.Set(rc.Spec.Template.Labels).AsSelector()
	for _, pod := range filteredPods {
		if templateLabel.Matches(labels.Set(pod.Labels)) {
			fullyLabeledReplicasCount++
		}
	}

	// Always updates status as pods come up or die.
	if err := updateReplicaCount(rm.kubeClient.Core().ReplicationControllers(rc.Namespace), rc, len(filteredPods), fullyLabeledReplicasCount); err != nil {
		// Multiple things could lead to this update failing. Requeuing the controller ensures
		// we retry with some fairness.
		glog.V(2).Infof("Failed to update replica count for controller %v/%v; requeuing; error: %v", rc.Namespace, rc.Name, err)
		rm.enqueueController(&rc)
	}
	return nil
}