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<h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">[Switchdev] How Kernel Implement SwitchDev(i)
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<h2 id="Introduction"><a href="#Introduction" class="headerlink" title="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2><p> 此篇文章用來說明在當前 kernel 中, switchdev 相關的檔案有哪些，哪些是 switchdev 的核心，哪些是與原先的 linux kernel 整合，同時簡述一下各整合的用途為何。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="Architecture"><a href="#Architecture" class="headerlink" title="Architecture"></a>Architecture</h2><p> switchdev 在 kernel 中的檔案架構如下</p>
<h2 id="Header"><a href="#Header" class="headerlink" title="Header"></a>Header</h2><h3 id="Linux-Netowrk-Function-Integration"><a href="#Linux-Netowrk-Function-Integration" class="headerlink" title="Linux Netowrk Function Integration"></a>Linux Netowrk Function Integration</h3><ul>
<li><p>include/net/dsa.h</p>
<ul>
<li><p>這個是 <strong>Distributed Switch Architecture</strong>, 於 2015 年此 commit(b73adef) 將 switchdev 給整合進來</p>
<ul>
<li>根據 2008 的第一筆 commit log 來看, DSA是用來控制 hardware switch chips 的協定，不過大部分的功能都是在 2014 年後才慢慢實作，目前還無法確認此協定能夠做什麼</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>Distributed Switch Architecture is a protocol for managing hardware<br>switch chips. It consists of a set of MII management registers and<br>commands to configure the switch, and an ethernet header format to<br>signal which of the ports of the switch a packet was received from<br>or is intended to be sent to. </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>include/inux/netdevice.h<ul>
<li>net_device 用來代表整個 kernel 中所有的網路裝置，包含了常見的 network interface.</li>
<li>主要針對 net_device 這個結構進行擴充，加上與 swticdev 的整合。 <ol>
<li>加上 switchdev_ops 來提供相關的 operation<ol start="2">
<li>加上 offload_fwd_mark 來避免已經被 offload 的 packet 再次被 forward.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">switchdev_ops</span> *<span class="title">switchdev_ops</span>;</span> </span><br><span class="line">u32 offload_fwd_mark;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="SwtichDev-Implemnetation"><a href="#SwtichDev-Implemnetation" class="headerlink" title="SwtichDev Implemnetation"></a>SwtichDev Implemnetation</h3><ul>
<li>include/net/switchdev.h<ul>
<li>switchdev.h 包含了所有的 struct, function, 要瞭解 switchdev 的核心就必須要看此檔案</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="implementation"><a href="#implementation" class="headerlink" title="implementation"></a>implementation</h2><h3 id="Linux-Netowrk-Function-Integration-1"><a href="#Linux-Netowrk-Function-Integration-1" class="headerlink" title="Linux Netowrk Function Integration"></a>Linux Netowrk Function Integration</h3><ul>
<li>net/8021q/vlan_dev.c<ul>
<li>若底下的 bridge port 是個 vlan interface 的話，為了要能夠取得其 static FDB 以及 port 相關的狀態，在 net_device_ops 中把相關的 operation handler 都設定為 switchdev 的 function.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>net/bridge/br.c</li>
<li>net/bridge/br_fdb.c</li>
<li>net/bridge/br_if.c</li>
<li>net/bridge/br_mdb.c</li>
<li>net/bridge/br_stp.c</li>
<li>net/bridge/br_stp_if.c</li>
<li>net/bridge/br_vlan.c<ul>
<li>以上所有 bridge 相關的改動都是要將 hardware switch 的 l2 offload 與 linux kernel 給整合，包含了 STP/FDB/vlan/MDB 的變動。<ul>
<li>當底下 hardware switch 有任何變動時，都必須要主動通知 kernel 內的 bridge function 來處理。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>net/core/net-sysfs.c<ul>
<li>export 一個新的 interface <strong>/sys/class/net/<iface>/phys_switch_id</iface></strong>, 可用來知道 <strong>iface</strong> 此 port 所屬的 hardware switch ID</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>net/core/rtnetlink.c<ul>
<li>新增一種 rtnl type <strong>IFLA_PHYS_SWITCH_ID</strong>, 可用來獲得特定 netdevice 所屬的 switch id。<ul>
<li>在 <strong>iproute2</strong> 也加入了此 type 的支援，意味者 user space 的 tool 也一併支援此功能了。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>net/dsa/slave.c<ul>
<li>For DSA 使用，不熟所以忽略</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>net/ipv4/fib_trie.c<ul>
<li>將 ipv4 的 FIB forwarding 與 hardware switch 整合，當 kernel 內關於 FIB 有任何更動時(ADD/DEL/MOD)時，要主動通知 hardware switch，將該 flow 加入到 ipv4 offload rules 中。<ul>
<li>並非所有的 FIB 都會通知底下，目前的規範是</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/* Don't offload route if using custom ip rules or if</span><br><span class="line">* IPv4 FIB offloading has been disabled completely.</span><br><span class="line">*/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="SwtichDev-Implementation"><a href="#SwtichDev-Implementation" class="headerlink" title="SwtichDev Implementation"></a>SwtichDev Implementation</h3><ul>
<li>net/switchdev/switchdev.c<ul>
<li>switchdev 的實作都在這邊，包含了與 hardware switch 以及 kernel 內相關 function 的互動。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Switch-Driver-Implementation"><a href="#Switch-Driver-Implementation" class="headerlink" title="Switch Driver Implementation"></a>Switch Driver Implementation</h3><ul>
<li>drivers/net/ethernet/rocker/</li>
<li>drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlxsw/</li>
</ul>
<p>目前 kernel 只有兩個真正的實作而已，而 rocker 算是作者開發 switchdev 中的共同產物，所以 mellanox 應該算是第一個進入的廠商。</p>
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