Filter-rewriting for comparisons on dates, times, and datetimes

[Zac-HD]

(I strongly recommend reading #3795 for context)

Pydantic has a 'constrained date' type, which uses annotated-types to express the comparison bounds. We do correctly support this by converting it to a filter, but it would be nice to then rewrite that filter to make the strategy efficient too - which I mentioned in pydantic/pydantic#4682 (comment).

And then while we're at it, it seems worth considering the same as applied to time and datetime classes (in the latter case, perhaps just for single-tz strategies, and/or filtering in addition to a bit of a rewrite) to ensure that the obvious extensions also work if and when someone implements those.