Review.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "## load tidyverse\n",
    "suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(tidyverse))\n",
    "suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(rvest))\n",
    "suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(reshape2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {},
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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a6QCq+yUHO3wi/6dra9BjUXisiuYArg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\nTkSuQmCC",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## fix the code below\n",
    "ggplot(data = mpg) +\n",
    "  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>manufacturer</th><th scope=col>model</th><th scope=col>displ</th><th scope=col>year</th><th scope=col>cyl</th><th scope=col>trans</th><th scope=col>drv</th><th scope=col>cty</th><th scope=col>hwy</th><th scope=col>fl</th><th scope=col>class</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>audi               </td><td>a6 quattro         </td><td>4.2                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(s6)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>16                 </td><td>23                 </td><td>p                  </td><td>midsize            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>c1500 suburban 2wd </td><td>5.3                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>r                  </td><td>14                 </td><td>20                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>c1500 suburban 2wd </td><td>5.3                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>r                  </td><td>11                 </td><td>15                 </td><td>e                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>c1500 suburban 2wd </td><td>5.3                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>r                  </td><td>14                 </td><td>20                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>c1500 suburban 2wd </td><td>5.7                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>r                  </td><td>13                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>c1500 suburban 2wd </td><td>6.0                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>r                  </td><td>12                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>corvette           </td><td>5.7                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>manual(m6)         </td><td>r                  </td><td>16                 </td><td>26                 </td><td>p                  </td><td>2seater            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>corvette           </td><td>5.7                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>r                  </td><td>15                 </td><td>23                 </td><td>p                  </td><td>2seater            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>corvette           </td><td>6.2                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>manual(m6)         </td><td>r                  </td><td>16                 </td><td>26                 </td><td>p                  </td><td>2seater            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>corvette           </td><td>6.2                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(s6)           </td><td>r                  </td><td>15                 </td><td>25                 </td><td>p                  </td><td>2seater            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>corvette           </td><td>7.0                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>manual(m6)         </td><td>r                  </td><td>15                 </td><td>24                 </td><td>p                  </td><td>2seater            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>k1500 tahoe 4wd    </td><td>5.3                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>14                 </td><td>19                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>k1500 tahoe 4wd    </td><td>5.3                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>11                 </td><td>14                 </td><td>e                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>k1500 tahoe 4wd    </td><td>5.7                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>11                 </td><td>15                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>chevrolet          </td><td>k1500 tahoe 4wd    </td><td>6.5                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>14                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>d                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>dakota pickup 4wd  </td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>14                 </td><td>19                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>dakota pickup 4wd  </td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>14                 </td><td>19                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>dakota pickup 4wd  </td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td> 9                 </td><td>12                 </td><td>e                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>dakota pickup 4wd  </td><td>5.2                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>manual(m5)         </td><td>4                  </td><td>11                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>dakota pickup 4wd  </td><td>5.2                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>11                 </td><td>15                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>durango 4wd        </td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>13                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>durango 4wd        </td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td> 9                 </td><td>12                 </td><td>e                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>durango 4wd        </td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>13                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>durango 4wd        </td><td>5.2                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>11                 </td><td>16                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>durango 4wd        </td><td>5.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>13                 </td><td>18                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>durango 4wd        </td><td>5.9                </td><td>1999               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l4)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>11                 </td><td>15                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>suv                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>ram 1500 pickup 4wd</td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>manual(m6)         </td><td>4                  </td><td>12                 </td><td>16                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>ram 1500 pickup 4wd</td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td> 9                 </td><td>12                 </td><td>e                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>ram 1500 pickup 4wd</td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>13                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>dodge              </td><td>ram 1500 pickup 4wd</td><td>4.7                </td><td>2008               </td><td>8                  </td><td>auto(l5)           </td><td>4                  </td><td>13                 </td><td>17                 </td><td>r                  </td><td>pickup             </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td><td>...</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>explorer 4wd          </td><td>5.0                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>17                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>f150 pickup 4wd       </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>manual(m5)            </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>16                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>pickup                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>f150 pickup 4wd       </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>16                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>pickup                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>f150 pickup 4wd       </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>17                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>pickup                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>f150 pickup 4wd       </td><td>5.4                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>11                    </td><td>15                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>pickup                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>f150 pickup 4wd       </td><td>5.4                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>17                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>pickup                </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>mustang               </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>r                     </td><td>15                    </td><td>21                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>subcompact            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>mustang               </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>manual(m5)            </td><td>r                     </td><td>15                    </td><td>22                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>subcompact            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>mustang               </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>manual(m5)            </td><td>r                     </td><td>15                    </td><td>23                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>subcompact            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>mustang               </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l5)              </td><td>r                     </td><td>15                    </td><td>22                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>subcompact            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>ford                  </td><td>mustang               </td><td>5.4                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>manual(m6)            </td><td>r                     </td><td>14                    </td><td>20                    </td><td>p                     </td><td>subcompact            </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>jeep                  </td><td>grand cherokee 4wd    </td><td>4.7                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>14                    </td><td>17                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>jeep                  </td><td>grand cherokee 4wd    </td><td>4.7                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l5)              </td><td>4                     </td><td> 9                    </td><td>12                    </td><td>e                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>jeep                  </td><td>grand cherokee 4wd    </td><td>4.7                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l5)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>14                    </td><td>19                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>jeep                  </td><td>grand cherokee 4wd    </td><td>5.7                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l5)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>18                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>jeep                  </td><td>grand cherokee 4wd    </td><td>6.1                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l5)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>11                    </td><td>14                    </td><td>p                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>land rover            </td><td>range rover           </td><td>4.0                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>11                    </td><td>15                    </td><td>p                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>land rover            </td><td>range rover           </td><td>4.2                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(s6)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>12                    </td><td>18                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>land rover            </td><td>range rover           </td><td>4.4                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(s6)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>12                    </td><td>18                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>land rover            </td><td>range rover           </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>11                    </td><td>15                    </td><td>p                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>lincoln               </td><td>navigator 2wd         </td><td>5.4                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>r                     </td><td>11                    </td><td>17                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>lincoln               </td><td>navigator 2wd         </td><td>5.4                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>r                     </td><td>11                    </td><td>16                    </td><td>p                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>lincoln               </td><td>navigator 2wd         </td><td>5.4                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l6)              </td><td>r                     </td><td>12                    </td><td>18                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>mercury               </td><td>mountaineer 4wd       </td><td>4.6                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l6)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>19                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>mercury               </td><td>mountaineer 4wd       </td><td>5.0                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>17                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>nissan                </td><td>pathfinder 4wd        </td><td>5.6                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(s5)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>12                    </td><td>18                    </td><td>p                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>pontiac               </td><td>grand prix            </td><td>5.3                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(s4)              </td><td>f                     </td><td>16                    </td><td>25                    </td><td>p                     </td><td>midsize               </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>toyota                </td><td>4runner 4wd           </td><td>4.7                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l5)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>14                    </td><td>17                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>toyota                </td><td>land cruiser wagon 4wd</td><td>4.7                   </td><td>1999                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(l4)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>11                    </td><td>15                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>toyota                </td><td>land cruiser wagon 4wd</td><td>5.7                   </td><td>2008                  </td><td>8                     </td><td>auto(s6)              </td><td>4                     </td><td>13                    </td><td>18                    </td><td>r                     </td><td>suv                   </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllllll}\n",
       " manufacturer & model & displ & year & cyl & trans & drv & cty & hwy & fl & class\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t audi                & a6 quattro          & 4.2                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(s6)            & 4                   & 16                  & 23                  & p                   & midsize            \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & c1500 suburban 2wd  & 5.3                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & r                   & 14                  & 20                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & c1500 suburban 2wd  & 5.3                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & r                   & 11                  & 15                  & e                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & c1500 suburban 2wd  & 5.3                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & r                   & 14                  & 20                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & c1500 suburban 2wd  & 5.7                 & 1999                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & r                   & 13                  & 17                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & c1500 suburban 2wd  & 6.0                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & r                   & 12                  & 17                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & corvette            & 5.7                 & 1999                & 8                   & manual(m6)          & r                   & 16                  & 26                  & p                   & 2seater            \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & corvette            & 5.7                 & 1999                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & r                   & 15                  & 23                  & p                   & 2seater            \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & corvette            & 6.2                 & 2008                & 8                   & manual(m6)          & r                   & 16                  & 26                  & p                   & 2seater            \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & corvette            & 6.2                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(s6)            & r                   & 15                  & 25                  & p                   & 2seater            \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & corvette            & 7.0                 & 2008                & 8                   & manual(m6)          & r                   & 15                  & 24                  & p                   & 2seater            \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & k1500 tahoe 4wd     & 5.3                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & 4                   & 14                  & 19                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & k1500 tahoe 4wd     & 5.3                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & 4                   & 11                  & 14                  & e                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & k1500 tahoe 4wd     & 5.7                 & 1999                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & 4                   & 11                  & 15                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t chevrolet           & k1500 tahoe 4wd     & 6.5                 & 1999                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & 4                   & 14                  & 17                  & d                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & dakota pickup 4wd   & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   & 14                  & 19                  & r                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & dakota pickup 4wd   & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   & 14                  & 19                  & r                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & dakota pickup 4wd   & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   &  9                  & 12                  & e                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & dakota pickup 4wd   & 5.2                 & 1999                & 8                   & manual(m5)          & 4                   & 11                  & 17                  & r                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & dakota pickup 4wd   & 5.2                 & 1999                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & 4                   & 11                  & 15                  & r                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & durango 4wd         & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   & 13                  & 17                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & durango 4wd         & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   &  9                  & 12                  & e                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & durango 4wd         & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   & 13                  & 17                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & durango 4wd         & 5.2                 & 1999                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & 4                   & 11                  & 16                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & durango 4wd         & 5.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   & 13                  & 18                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & durango 4wd         & 5.9                 & 1999                & 8                   & auto(l4)            & 4                   & 11                  & 15                  & r                   & suv                \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & ram 1500 pickup 4wd & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & manual(m6)          & 4                   & 12                  & 16                  & r                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & ram 1500 pickup 4wd & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   &  9                  & 12                  & e                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & ram 1500 pickup 4wd & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   & 13                  & 17                  & r                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t dodge               & ram 1500 pickup 4wd & 4.7                 & 2008                & 8                   & auto(l5)            & 4                   & 13                  & 17                  & r                   & pickup             \\\\\n",
       "\t ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ... & ...\\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & explorer 4wd           & 5.0                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 13                     & 17                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & f150 pickup 4wd        & 4.6                    & 1999                   & 8                      & manual(m5)             & 4                      & 13                     & 16                     & r                      & pickup                \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & f150 pickup 4wd        & 4.6                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 13                     & 16                     & r                      & pickup                \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & f150 pickup 4wd        & 4.6                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 13                     & 17                     & r                      & pickup                \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & f150 pickup 4wd        & 5.4                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 11                     & 15                     & r                      & pickup                \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & f150 pickup 4wd        & 5.4                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 13                     & 17                     & r                      & pickup                \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & mustang                & 4.6                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & r                      & 15                     & 21                     & r                      & subcompact            \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & mustang                & 4.6                    & 1999                   & 8                      & manual(m5)             & r                      & 15                     & 22                     & r                      & subcompact            \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & mustang                & 4.6                    & 2008                   & 8                      & manual(m5)             & r                      & 15                     & 23                     & r                      & subcompact            \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & mustang                & 4.6                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l5)               & r                      & 15                     & 22                     & r                      & subcompact            \\\\\n",
       "\t ford                   & mustang                & 5.4                    & 2008                   & 8                      & manual(m6)             & r                      & 14                     & 20                     & p                      & subcompact            \\\\\n",
       "\t jeep                   & grand cherokee 4wd     & 4.7                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 14                     & 17                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t jeep                   & grand cherokee 4wd     & 4.7                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l5)               & 4                      &  9                     & 12                     & e                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t jeep                   & grand cherokee 4wd     & 4.7                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l5)               & 4                      & 14                     & 19                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t jeep                   & grand cherokee 4wd     & 5.7                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l5)               & 4                      & 13                     & 18                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t jeep                   & grand cherokee 4wd     & 6.1                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l5)               & 4                      & 11                     & 14                     & p                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t land rover             & range rover            & 4.0                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 11                     & 15                     & p                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t land rover             & range rover            & 4.2                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(s6)               & 4                      & 12                     & 18                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t land rover             & range rover            & 4.4                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(s6)               & 4                      & 12                     & 18                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t land rover             & range rover            & 4.6                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 11                     & 15                     & p                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t lincoln                & navigator 2wd          & 5.4                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & r                      & 11                     & 17                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t lincoln                & navigator 2wd          & 5.4                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & r                      & 11                     & 16                     & p                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t lincoln                & navigator 2wd          & 5.4                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l6)               & r                      & 12                     & 18                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t mercury                & mountaineer 4wd        & 4.6                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l6)               & 4                      & 13                     & 19                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t mercury                & mountaineer 4wd        & 5.0                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 13                     & 17                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t nissan                 & pathfinder 4wd         & 5.6                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(s5)               & 4                      & 12                     & 18                     & p                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t pontiac                & grand prix             & 5.3                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(s4)               & f                      & 16                     & 25                     & p                      & midsize               \\\\\n",
       "\t toyota                 & 4runner 4wd            & 4.7                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(l5)               & 4                      & 14                     & 17                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t toyota                 & land cruiser wagon 4wd & 4.7                    & 1999                   & 8                      & auto(l4)               & 4                      & 11                     & 15                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\t toyota                 & land cruiser wagon 4wd & 5.7                    & 2008                   & 8                      & auto(s6)               & 4                      & 13                     & 18                     & r                      & suv                   \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "manufacturer | model | displ | year | cyl | trans | drv | cty | hwy | fl | class | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| audi                | a6 quattro          | 4.2                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(s6)            | 4                   | 16                  | 23                  | p                   | midsize             | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | c1500 suburban 2wd  | 5.3                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | r                   | 14                  | 20                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | c1500 suburban 2wd  | 5.3                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | r                   | 11                  | 15                  | e                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | c1500 suburban 2wd  | 5.3                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | r                   | 14                  | 20                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | c1500 suburban 2wd  | 5.7                 | 1999                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | r                   | 13                  | 17                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | c1500 suburban 2wd  | 6.0                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | r                   | 12                  | 17                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | corvette            | 5.7                 | 1999                | 8                   | manual(m6)          | r                   | 16                  | 26                  | p                   | 2seater             | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | corvette            | 5.7                 | 1999                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | r                   | 15                  | 23                  | p                   | 2seater             | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | corvette            | 6.2                 | 2008                | 8                   | manual(m6)          | r                   | 16                  | 26                  | p                   | 2seater             | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | corvette            | 6.2                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(s6)            | r                   | 15                  | 25                  | p                   | 2seater             | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | corvette            | 7.0                 | 2008                | 8                   | manual(m6)          | r                   | 15                  | 24                  | p                   | 2seater             | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | k1500 tahoe 4wd     | 5.3                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | 4                   | 14                  | 19                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | k1500 tahoe 4wd     | 5.3                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | 4                   | 11                  | 14                  | e                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | k1500 tahoe 4wd     | 5.7                 | 1999                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | 4                   | 11                  | 15                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| chevrolet           | k1500 tahoe 4wd     | 6.5                 | 1999                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | 4                   | 14                  | 17                  | d                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| dodge               | dakota pickup 4wd   | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   | 14                  | 19                  | r                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | dakota pickup 4wd   | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   | 14                  | 19                  | r                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | dakota pickup 4wd   | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   |  9                  | 12                  | e                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | dakota pickup 4wd   | 5.2                 | 1999                | 8                   | manual(m5)          | 4                   | 11                  | 17                  | r                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | dakota pickup 4wd   | 5.2                 | 1999                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | 4                   | 11                  | 15                  | r                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | durango 4wd         | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   | 13                  | 17                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| dodge               | durango 4wd         | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   |  9                  | 12                  | e                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| dodge               | durango 4wd         | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   | 13                  | 17                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| dodge               | durango 4wd         | 5.2                 | 1999                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | 4                   | 11                  | 16                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| dodge               | durango 4wd         | 5.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   | 13                  | 18                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| dodge               | durango 4wd         | 5.9                 | 1999                | 8                   | auto(l4)            | 4                   | 11                  | 15                  | r                   | suv                 | \n",
       "| dodge               | ram 1500 pickup 4wd | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | manual(m6)          | 4                   | 12                  | 16                  | r                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | ram 1500 pickup 4wd | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   |  9                  | 12                  | e                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | ram 1500 pickup 4wd | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   | 13                  | 17                  | r                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| dodge               | ram 1500 pickup 4wd | 4.7                 | 2008                | 8                   | auto(l5)            | 4                   | 13                  | 17                  | r                   | pickup              | \n",
       "| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | \n",
       "| ford                   | explorer 4wd           | 5.0                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 13                     | 17                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| ford                   | f150 pickup 4wd        | 4.6                    | 1999                   | 8                      | manual(m5)             | 4                      | 13                     | 16                     | r                      | pickup                 | \n",
       "| ford                   | f150 pickup 4wd        | 4.6                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 13                     | 16                     | r                      | pickup                 | \n",
       "| ford                   | f150 pickup 4wd        | 4.6                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 13                     | 17                     | r                      | pickup                 | \n",
       "| ford                   | f150 pickup 4wd        | 5.4                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 11                     | 15                     | r                      | pickup                 | \n",
       "| ford                   | f150 pickup 4wd        | 5.4                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 13                     | 17                     | r                      | pickup                 | \n",
       "| ford                   | mustang                | 4.6                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | r                      | 15                     | 21                     | r                      | subcompact             | \n",
       "| ford                   | mustang                | 4.6                    | 1999                   | 8                      | manual(m5)             | r                      | 15                     | 22                     | r                      | subcompact             | \n",
       "| ford                   | mustang                | 4.6                    | 2008                   | 8                      | manual(m5)             | r                      | 15                     | 23                     | r                      | subcompact             | \n",
       "| ford                   | mustang                | 4.6                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l5)               | r                      | 15                     | 22                     | r                      | subcompact             | \n",
       "| ford                   | mustang                | 5.4                    | 2008                   | 8                      | manual(m6)             | r                      | 14                     | 20                     | p                      | subcompact             | \n",
       "| jeep                   | grand cherokee 4wd     | 4.7                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 14                     | 17                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| jeep                   | grand cherokee 4wd     | 4.7                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l5)               | 4                      |  9                     | 12                     | e                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| jeep                   | grand cherokee 4wd     | 4.7                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l5)               | 4                      | 14                     | 19                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| jeep                   | grand cherokee 4wd     | 5.7                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l5)               | 4                      | 13                     | 18                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| jeep                   | grand cherokee 4wd     | 6.1                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l5)               | 4                      | 11                     | 14                     | p                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| land rover             | range rover            | 4.0                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 11                     | 15                     | p                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| land rover             | range rover            | 4.2                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(s6)               | 4                      | 12                     | 18                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| land rover             | range rover            | 4.4                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(s6)               | 4                      | 12                     | 18                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| land rover             | range rover            | 4.6                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 11                     | 15                     | p                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| lincoln                | navigator 2wd          | 5.4                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | r                      | 11                     | 17                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| lincoln                | navigator 2wd          | 5.4                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | r                      | 11                     | 16                     | p                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| lincoln                | navigator 2wd          | 5.4                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l6)               | r                      | 12                     | 18                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| mercury                | mountaineer 4wd        | 4.6                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l6)               | 4                      | 13                     | 19                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| mercury                | mountaineer 4wd        | 5.0                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 13                     | 17                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| nissan                 | pathfinder 4wd         | 5.6                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(s5)               | 4                      | 12                     | 18                     | p                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| pontiac                | grand prix             | 5.3                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(s4)               | f                      | 16                     | 25                     | p                      | midsize                | \n",
       "| toyota                 | 4runner 4wd            | 4.7                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(l5)               | 4                      | 14                     | 17                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| toyota                 | land cruiser wagon 4wd | 4.7                    | 1999                   | 8                      | auto(l4)               | 4                      | 11                     | 15                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "| toyota                 | land cruiser wagon 4wd | 5.7                    | 2008                   | 8                      | auto(s6)               | 4                      | 13                     | 18                     | r                      | suv                    | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    manufacturer model                  displ year cyl trans      drv cty hwy\n",
       "1   audi         a6 quattro             4.2   2008 8   auto(s6)   4   16  23 \n",
       "2   chevrolet    c1500 suburban 2wd     5.3   2008 8   auto(l4)   r   14  20 \n",
       "3   chevrolet    c1500 suburban 2wd     5.3   2008 8   auto(l4)   r   11  15 \n",
       "4   chevrolet    c1500 suburban 2wd     5.3   2008 8   auto(l4)   r   14  20 \n",
       "5   chevrolet    c1500 suburban 2wd     5.7   1999 8   auto(l4)   r   13  17 \n",
       "6   chevrolet    c1500 suburban 2wd     6.0   2008 8   auto(l4)   r   12  17 \n",
       "7   chevrolet    corvette               5.7   1999 8   manual(m6) r   16  26 \n",
       "8   chevrolet    corvette               5.7   1999 8   auto(l4)   r   15  23 \n",
       "9   chevrolet    corvette               6.2   2008 8   manual(m6) r   16  26 \n",
       "10  chevrolet    corvette               6.2   2008 8   auto(s6)   r   15  25 \n",
       "11  chevrolet    corvette               7.0   2008 8   manual(m6) r   15  24 \n",
       "12  chevrolet    k1500 tahoe 4wd        5.3   2008 8   auto(l4)   4   14  19 \n",
       "13  chevrolet    k1500 tahoe 4wd        5.3   2008 8   auto(l4)   4   11  14 \n",
       "14  chevrolet    k1500 tahoe 4wd        5.7   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  15 \n",
       "15  chevrolet    k1500 tahoe 4wd        6.5   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   14  17 \n",
       "16  dodge        dakota pickup 4wd      4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   14  19 \n",
       "17  dodge        dakota pickup 4wd      4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   14  19 \n",
       "18  dodge        dakota pickup 4wd      4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4    9  12 \n",
       "19  dodge        dakota pickup 4wd      5.2   1999 8   manual(m5) 4   11  17 \n",
       "20  dodge        dakota pickup 4wd      5.2   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  15 \n",
       "21  dodge        durango 4wd            4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   13  17 \n",
       "22  dodge        durango 4wd            4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4    9  12 \n",
       "23  dodge        durango 4wd            4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   13  17 \n",
       "24  dodge        durango 4wd            5.2   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  16 \n",
       "25  dodge        durango 4wd            5.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   13  18 \n",
       "26  dodge        durango 4wd            5.9   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  15 \n",
       "27  dodge        ram 1500 pickup 4wd    4.7   2008 8   manual(m6) 4   12  16 \n",
       "28  dodge        ram 1500 pickup 4wd    4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4    9  12 \n",
       "29  dodge        ram 1500 pickup 4wd    4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   13  17 \n",
       "30  dodge        ram 1500 pickup 4wd    4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   13  17 \n",
       "... ...          ...                    ...   ...  ... ...        ... ... ...\n",
       "41  ford         explorer 4wd           5.0   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   13  17 \n",
       "42  ford         f150 pickup 4wd        4.6   1999 8   manual(m5) 4   13  16 \n",
       "43  ford         f150 pickup 4wd        4.6   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   13  16 \n",
       "44  ford         f150 pickup 4wd        4.6   2008 8   auto(l4)   4   13  17 \n",
       "45  ford         f150 pickup 4wd        5.4   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  15 \n",
       "46  ford         f150 pickup 4wd        5.4   2008 8   auto(l4)   4   13  17 \n",
       "47  ford         mustang                4.6   1999 8   auto(l4)   r   15  21 \n",
       "48  ford         mustang                4.6   1999 8   manual(m5) r   15  22 \n",
       "49  ford         mustang                4.6   2008 8   manual(m5) r   15  23 \n",
       "50  ford         mustang                4.6   2008 8   auto(l5)   r   15  22 \n",
       "51  ford         mustang                5.4   2008 8   manual(m6) r   14  20 \n",
       "52  jeep         grand cherokee 4wd     4.7   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   14  17 \n",
       "53  jeep         grand cherokee 4wd     4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4    9  12 \n",
       "54  jeep         grand cherokee 4wd     4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   14  19 \n",
       "55  jeep         grand cherokee 4wd     5.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   13  18 \n",
       "56  jeep         grand cherokee 4wd     6.1   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   11  14 \n",
       "57  land rover   range rover            4.0   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  15 \n",
       "58  land rover   range rover            4.2   2008 8   auto(s6)   4   12  18 \n",
       "59  land rover   range rover            4.4   2008 8   auto(s6)   4   12  18 \n",
       "60  land rover   range rover            4.6   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  15 \n",
       "61  lincoln      navigator 2wd          5.4   1999 8   auto(l4)   r   11  17 \n",
       "62  lincoln      navigator 2wd          5.4   1999 8   auto(l4)   r   11  16 \n",
       "63  lincoln      navigator 2wd          5.4   2008 8   auto(l6)   r   12  18 \n",
       "64  mercury      mountaineer 4wd        4.6   2008 8   auto(l6)   4   13  19 \n",
       "65  mercury      mountaineer 4wd        5.0   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   13  17 \n",
       "66  nissan       pathfinder 4wd         5.6   2008 8   auto(s5)   4   12  18 \n",
       "67  pontiac      grand prix             5.3   2008 8   auto(s4)   f   16  25 \n",
       "68  toyota       4runner 4wd            4.7   2008 8   auto(l5)   4   14  17 \n",
       "69  toyota       land cruiser wagon 4wd 4.7   1999 8   auto(l4)   4   11  15 \n",
       "70  toyota       land cruiser wagon 4wd 5.7   2008 8   auto(s6)   4   13  18 \n",
       "    fl  class     \n",
       "1   p   midsize   \n",
       "2   r   suv       \n",
       "3   e   suv       \n",
       "4   r   suv       \n",
       "5   r   suv       \n",
       "6   r   suv       \n",
       "7   p   2seater   \n",
       "8   p   2seater   \n",
       "9   p   2seater   \n",
       "10  p   2seater   \n",
       "11  p   2seater   \n",
       "12  r   suv       \n",
       "13  e   suv       \n",
       "14  r   suv       \n",
       "15  d   suv       \n",
       "16  r   pickup    \n",
       "17  r   pickup    \n",
       "18  e   pickup    \n",
       "19  r   pickup    \n",
       "20  r   pickup    \n",
       "21  r   suv       \n",
       "22  e   suv       \n",
       "23  r   suv       \n",
       "24  r   suv       \n",
       "25  r   suv       \n",
       "26  r   suv       \n",
       "27  r   pickup    \n",
       "28  e   pickup    \n",
       "29  r   pickup    \n",
       "30  r   pickup    \n",
       "... ... ...       \n",
       "41  r   suv       \n",
       "42  r   pickup    \n",
       "43  r   pickup    \n",
       "44  r   pickup    \n",
       "45  r   pickup    \n",
       "46  r   pickup    \n",
       "47  r   subcompact\n",
       "48  r   subcompact\n",
       "49  r   subcompact\n",
       "50  r   subcompact\n",
       "51  p   subcompact\n",
       "52  r   suv       \n",
       "53  e   suv       \n",
       "54  r   suv       \n",
       "55  r   suv       \n",
       "56  p   suv       \n",
       "57  p   suv       \n",
       "58  r   suv       \n",
       "59  r   suv       \n",
       "60  p   suv       \n",
       "61  r   suv       \n",
       "62  p   suv       \n",
       "63  r   suv       \n",
       "64  r   suv       \n",
       "65  r   suv       \n",
       "66  p   suv       \n",
       "67  p   midsize   \n",
       "68  r   suv       \n",
       "69  r   suv       \n",
       "70  r   suv       "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## fix the code below\n",
    "filter(mpg, cyl == 8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>carat</th><th scope=col>cut</th><th scope=col>color</th><th scope=col>clarity</th><th scope=col>depth</th><th scope=col>table</th><th scope=col>price</th><th scope=col>x</th><th scope=col>y</th><th scope=col>z</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>I        </td><td>I1       </td><td>62.7     </td><td>58       </td><td> 8040    </td><td> 9.10    </td><td> 8.97    </td><td>5.67     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.11     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>J        </td><td>I1       </td><td>65.9     </td><td>57       </td><td> 9823    </td><td> 9.15    </td><td> 9.02    </td><td>5.98     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>F        </td><td>I1       </td><td>62.2     </td><td>56       </td><td> 9925    </td><td> 9.24    </td><td> 9.13    </td><td>5.73     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.05     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>E        </td><td>I1       </td><td>60.9     </td><td>58       </td><td>10453    </td><td> 9.26    </td><td> 9.25    </td><td>5.66     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.02     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>I        </td><td>I1       </td><td>65.2     </td><td>56       </td><td>10577    </td><td> 9.11    </td><td> 9.02    </td><td>5.91     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>H        </td><td>I1       </td><td>56.1     </td><td>62       </td><td>10761    </td><td> 9.54    </td><td> 9.38    </td><td>5.31     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.65     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>H        </td><td>I1       </td><td>67.1     </td><td>53       </td><td>11668    </td><td> 9.53    </td><td> 9.48    </td><td>6.38     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.24     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>H        </td><td>I1       </td><td>62.1     </td><td>58       </td><td>12300    </td><td> 9.44    </td><td> 9.40    </td><td>5.85     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.22     </td><td>Ideal    </td><td>I        </td><td>I1       </td><td>62.6     </td><td>55       </td><td>12545    </td><td> 9.49    </td><td> 9.42    </td><td>5.92     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.50     </td><td>Ideal    </td><td>H        </td><td>I1       </td><td>62.8     </td><td>57       </td><td>12587    </td><td> 9.65    </td><td> 9.59    </td><td>6.03     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>G        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>59.8     </td><td>58       </td><td>14220    </td><td> 9.44    </td><td> 9.37    </td><td>5.62     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>I        </td><td>I1       </td><td>61.0     </td><td>61       </td><td>15223    </td><td>10.14    </td><td>10.10    </td><td>6.17     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>J        </td><td>I1       </td><td>62.5     </td><td>62       </td><td>15223    </td><td>10.02    </td><td> 9.94    </td><td>6.24     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.04     </td><td>Very Good</td><td>I        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>63.2     </td><td>59       </td><td>15354    </td><td> 9.14    </td><td> 9.07    </td><td>5.75     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.40     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>D        </td><td>I1       </td><td>66.8     </td><td>52       </td><td>15964    </td><td> 9.42    </td><td> 9.34    </td><td>6.27     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.00     </td><td>Very Good</td><td>I        </td><td>I1       </td><td>63.3     </td><td>58       </td><td>15984    </td><td>10.01    </td><td> 9.94    </td><td>6.31     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Ideal    </td><td>J        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>61.7     </td><td>58       </td><td>16037    </td><td> 9.25    </td><td> 9.20    </td><td>5.69     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.67     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>I        </td><td>I1       </td><td>62.4     </td><td>56       </td><td>16193    </td><td> 9.86    </td><td> 9.81    </td><td>6.13     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Ideal    </td><td>J        </td><td>I1       </td><td>65.4     </td><td>60       </td><td>16538    </td><td> 8.99    </td><td> 8.93    </td><td>5.86     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.13     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>H        </td><td>I1       </td><td>64.8     </td><td>61       </td><td>17329    </td><td>10.00    </td><td> 9.85    </td><td>6.43     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.01     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>J        </td><td>I1       </td><td>65.5     </td><td>59       </td><td>18018    </td><td>10.74    </td><td>10.54    </td><td>6.98     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>I        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>60.2     </td><td>59       </td><td>18242    </td><td> 9.36    </td><td> 9.31    </td><td>5.62     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>I        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>65.8     </td><td>56       </td><td>18242    </td><td> 8.99    </td><td> 8.94    </td><td>5.90     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>I        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>65.8     </td><td>56       </td><td>18242    </td><td> 8.99    </td><td> 8.94    </td><td>5.90     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Good     </td><td>I        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>63.9     </td><td>60       </td><td>18242    </td><td> 9.06    </td><td> 9.01    </td><td>5.77     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Good     </td><td>I        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>63.9     </td><td>60       </td><td>18242    </td><td> 9.06    </td><td> 9.01    </td><td>5.77     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.50     </td><td>Fair     </td><td>J        </td><td>I1       </td><td>65.8     </td><td>58       </td><td>18531    </td><td>10.23    </td><td>10.16    </td><td>6.72     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.04     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>I        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>59.3     </td><td>60       </td><td>18559    </td><td> 9.51    </td><td> 9.46    </td><td>5.62     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Good     </td><td>H        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>57.6     </td><td>64       </td><td>18593    </td><td> 9.44    </td><td> 9.38    </td><td>5.42     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.51     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>J        </td><td>VS2      </td><td>62.5     </td><td>59       </td><td>18701    </td><td> 9.66    </td><td> 9.63    </td><td>6.03     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>J        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>60.7     </td><td>59       </td><td>18710    </td><td> 9.35    </td><td> 9.22    </td><td>5.64     </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3.01     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>J        </td><td>SI2      </td><td>59.7     </td><td>58       </td><td>18710    </td><td> 9.41    </td><td> 9.32    </td><td>5.59     </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llllllllll}\n",
       " carat & cut & color & clarity & depth & table & price & x & y & z\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Premium   & I         & I1        & 62.7      & 58        &  8040     &  9.10     &  8.97     & 5.67     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.11      & Fair      & J         & I1        & 65.9      & 57        &  9823     &  9.15     &  9.02     & 5.98     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Premium   & F         & I1        & 62.2      & 56        &  9925     &  9.24     &  9.13     & 5.73     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.05      & Premium   & E         & I1        & 60.9      & 58        & 10453     &  9.26     &  9.25     & 5.66     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.02      & Fair      & I         & I1        & 65.2      & 56        & 10577     &  9.11     &  9.02     & 5.91     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Fair      & H         & I1        & 56.1      & 62        & 10761     &  9.54     &  9.38     & 5.31     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.65      & Fair      & H         & I1        & 67.1      & 53        & 11668     &  9.53     &  9.48     & 6.38     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.24      & Premium   & H         & I1        & 62.1      & 58        & 12300     &  9.44     &  9.40     & 5.85     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.22      & Ideal     & I         & I1        & 62.6      & 55        & 12545     &  9.49     &  9.42     & 5.92     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.50      & Ideal     & H         & I1        & 62.8      & 57        & 12587     &  9.65     &  9.59     & 6.03     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Premium   & G         & SI2       & 59.8      & 58        & 14220     &  9.44     &  9.37     & 5.62     \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.01      & Premium   & I         & I1        & 61.0      & 61        & 15223     & 10.14     & 10.10     & 6.17     \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.01      & Premium   & J         & I1        & 62.5      & 62        & 15223     & 10.02     &  9.94     & 6.24     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.04      & Very Good & I         & SI2       & 63.2      & 59        & 15354     &  9.14     &  9.07     & 5.75     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.40      & Fair      & D         & I1        & 66.8      & 52        & 15964     &  9.42     &  9.34     & 6.27     \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.00      & Very Good & I         & I1        & 63.3      & 58        & 15984     & 10.01     &  9.94     & 6.31     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Ideal     & J         & SI2       & 61.7      & 58        & 16037     &  9.25     &  9.20     & 5.69     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.67      & Premium   & I         & I1        & 62.4      & 56        & 16193     &  9.86     &  9.81     & 6.13     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Ideal     & J         & I1        & 65.4      & 60        & 16538     &  8.99     &  8.93     & 5.86     \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.13      & Fair      & H         & I1        & 64.8      & 61        & 17329     & 10.00     &  9.85     & 6.43     \\\\\n",
       "\t 5.01      & Fair      & J         & I1        & 65.5      & 59        & 18018     & 10.74     & 10.54     & 6.98     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Premium   & I         & SI2       & 60.2      & 59        & 18242     &  9.36     &  9.31     & 5.62     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Fair      & I         & SI2       & 65.8      & 56        & 18242     &  8.99     &  8.94     & 5.90     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Fair      & I         & SI2       & 65.8      & 56        & 18242     &  8.99     &  8.94     & 5.90     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Good      & I         & SI2       & 63.9      & 60        & 18242     &  9.06     &  9.01     & 5.77     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Good      & I         & SI2       & 63.9      & 60        & 18242     &  9.06     &  9.01     & 5.77     \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.50      & Fair      & J         & I1        & 65.8      & 58        & 18531     & 10.23     & 10.16     & 6.72     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.04      & Premium   & I         & SI2       & 59.3      & 60        & 18559     &  9.51     &  9.46     & 5.62     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Good      & H         & SI2       & 57.6      & 64        & 18593     &  9.44     &  9.38     & 5.42     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.51      & Premium   & J         & VS2       & 62.5      & 59        & 18701     &  9.66     &  9.63     & 6.03     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Premium   & J         & SI2       & 60.7      & 59        & 18710     &  9.35     &  9.22     & 5.64     \\\\\n",
       "\t 3.01      & Premium   & J         & SI2       & 59.7      & 58        & 18710     &  9.41     &  9.32     & 5.59     \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "carat | cut | color | clarity | depth | table | price | x | y | z | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 3.01      | Premium   | I         | I1        | 62.7      | 58        |  8040     |  9.10     |  8.97     | 5.67      | \n",
       "| 3.11      | Fair      | J         | I1        | 65.9      | 57        |  9823     |  9.15     |  9.02     | 5.98      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Premium   | F         | I1        | 62.2      | 56        |  9925     |  9.24     |  9.13     | 5.73      | \n",
       "| 3.05      | Premium   | E         | I1        | 60.9      | 58        | 10453     |  9.26     |  9.25     | 5.66      | \n",
       "| 3.02      | Fair      | I         | I1        | 65.2      | 56        | 10577     |  9.11     |  9.02     | 5.91      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Fair      | H         | I1        | 56.1      | 62        | 10761     |  9.54     |  9.38     | 5.31      | \n",
       "| 3.65      | Fair      | H         | I1        | 67.1      | 53        | 11668     |  9.53     |  9.48     | 6.38      | \n",
       "| 3.24      | Premium   | H         | I1        | 62.1      | 58        | 12300     |  9.44     |  9.40     | 5.85      | \n",
       "| 3.22      | Ideal     | I         | I1        | 62.6      | 55        | 12545     |  9.49     |  9.42     | 5.92      | \n",
       "| 3.50      | Ideal     | H         | I1        | 62.8      | 57        | 12587     |  9.65     |  9.59     | 6.03      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Premium   | G         | SI2       | 59.8      | 58        | 14220     |  9.44     |  9.37     | 5.62      | \n",
       "| 4.01      | Premium   | I         | I1        | 61.0      | 61        | 15223     | 10.14     | 10.10     | 6.17      | \n",
       "| 4.01      | Premium   | J         | I1        | 62.5      | 62        | 15223     | 10.02     |  9.94     | 6.24      | \n",
       "| 3.04      | Very Good | I         | SI2       | 63.2      | 59        | 15354     |  9.14     |  9.07     | 5.75      | \n",
       "| 3.40      | Fair      | D         | I1        | 66.8      | 52        | 15964     |  9.42     |  9.34     | 6.27      | \n",
       "| 4.00      | Very Good | I         | I1        | 63.3      | 58        | 15984     | 10.01     |  9.94     | 6.31      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Ideal     | J         | SI2       | 61.7      | 58        | 16037     |  9.25     |  9.20     | 5.69      | \n",
       "| 3.67      | Premium   | I         | I1        | 62.4      | 56        | 16193     |  9.86     |  9.81     | 6.13      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Ideal     | J         | I1        | 65.4      | 60        | 16538     |  8.99     |  8.93     | 5.86      | \n",
       "| 4.13      | Fair      | H         | I1        | 64.8      | 61        | 17329     | 10.00     |  9.85     | 6.43      | \n",
       "| 5.01      | Fair      | J         | I1        | 65.5      | 59        | 18018     | 10.74     | 10.54     | 6.98      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Premium   | I         | SI2       | 60.2      | 59        | 18242     |  9.36     |  9.31     | 5.62      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Fair      | I         | SI2       | 65.8      | 56        | 18242     |  8.99     |  8.94     | 5.90      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Fair      | I         | SI2       | 65.8      | 56        | 18242     |  8.99     |  8.94     | 5.90      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Good      | I         | SI2       | 63.9      | 60        | 18242     |  9.06     |  9.01     | 5.77      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Good      | I         | SI2       | 63.9      | 60        | 18242     |  9.06     |  9.01     | 5.77      | \n",
       "| 4.50      | Fair      | J         | I1        | 65.8      | 58        | 18531     | 10.23     | 10.16     | 6.72      | \n",
       "| 3.04      | Premium   | I         | SI2       | 59.3      | 60        | 18559     |  9.51     |  9.46     | 5.62      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Good      | H         | SI2       | 57.6      | 64        | 18593     |  9.44     |  9.38     | 5.42      | \n",
       "| 3.51      | Premium   | J         | VS2       | 62.5      | 59        | 18701     |  9.66     |  9.63     | 6.03      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Premium   | J         | SI2       | 60.7      | 59        | 18710     |  9.35     |  9.22     | 5.64      | \n",
       "| 3.01      | Premium   | J         | SI2       | 59.7      | 58        | 18710     |  9.41     |  9.32     | 5.59      | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   carat cut       color clarity depth table price x     y     z   \n",
       "1  3.01  Premium   I     I1      62.7  58     8040  9.10  8.97 5.67\n",
       "2  3.11  Fair      J     I1      65.9  57     9823  9.15  9.02 5.98\n",
       "3  3.01  Premium   F     I1      62.2  56     9925  9.24  9.13 5.73\n",
       "4  3.05  Premium   E     I1      60.9  58    10453  9.26  9.25 5.66\n",
       "5  3.02  Fair      I     I1      65.2  56    10577  9.11  9.02 5.91\n",
       "6  3.01  Fair      H     I1      56.1  62    10761  9.54  9.38 5.31\n",
       "7  3.65  Fair      H     I1      67.1  53    11668  9.53  9.48 6.38\n",
       "8  3.24  Premium   H     I1      62.1  58    12300  9.44  9.40 5.85\n",
       "9  3.22  Ideal     I     I1      62.6  55    12545  9.49  9.42 5.92\n",
       "10 3.50  Ideal     H     I1      62.8  57    12587  9.65  9.59 6.03\n",
       "11 3.01  Premium   G     SI2     59.8  58    14220  9.44  9.37 5.62\n",
       "12 4.01  Premium   I     I1      61.0  61    15223 10.14 10.10 6.17\n",
       "13 4.01  Premium   J     I1      62.5  62    15223 10.02  9.94 6.24\n",
       "14 3.04  Very Good I     SI2     63.2  59    15354  9.14  9.07 5.75\n",
       "15 3.40  Fair      D     I1      66.8  52    15964  9.42  9.34 6.27\n",
       "16 4.00  Very Good I     I1      63.3  58    15984 10.01  9.94 6.31\n",
       "17 3.01  Ideal     J     SI2     61.7  58    16037  9.25  9.20 5.69\n",
       "18 3.67  Premium   I     I1      62.4  56    16193  9.86  9.81 6.13\n",
       "19 3.01  Ideal     J     I1      65.4  60    16538  8.99  8.93 5.86\n",
       "20 4.13  Fair      H     I1      64.8  61    17329 10.00  9.85 6.43\n",
       "21 5.01  Fair      J     I1      65.5  59    18018 10.74 10.54 6.98\n",
       "22 3.01  Premium   I     SI2     60.2  59    18242  9.36  9.31 5.62\n",
       "23 3.01  Fair      I     SI2     65.8  56    18242  8.99  8.94 5.90\n",
       "24 3.01  Fair      I     SI2     65.8  56    18242  8.99  8.94 5.90\n",
       "25 3.01  Good      I     SI2     63.9  60    18242  9.06  9.01 5.77\n",
       "26 3.01  Good      I     SI2     63.9  60    18242  9.06  9.01 5.77\n",
       "27 4.50  Fair      J     I1      65.8  58    18531 10.23 10.16 6.72\n",
       "28 3.04  Premium   I     SI2     59.3  60    18559  9.51  9.46 5.62\n",
       "29 3.01  Good      H     SI2     57.6  64    18593  9.44  9.38 5.42\n",
       "30 3.51  Premium   J     VS2     62.5  59    18701  9.66  9.63 6.03\n",
       "31 3.01  Premium   J     SI2     60.7  59    18710  9.35  9.22 5.64\n",
       "32 3.01  Premium   J     SI2     59.7  58    18710  9.41  9.32 5.59"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## fix the code below\n",
    "filter(diamonds, carat > 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th></th><th scope=col>mpg</th><th scope=col>cyl</th><th scope=col>disp</th><th scope=col>hp</th><th scope=col>drat</th><th scope=col>wt</th><th scope=col>qsec</th><th scope=col>vs</th><th scope=col>am</th><th scope=col>gear</th><th scope=col>carb</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>Mazda RX4</th><td>21.0 </td><td>6    </td><td>160  </td><td>110  </td><td>3.90 </td><td>2.62 </td><td>16.46</td><td>0    </td><td>1    </td><td>4    </td><td>4    </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>Datsun 710</th><td>22.8 </td><td>4    </td><td>108  </td><td> 93  </td><td>3.85 </td><td>2.32 </td><td>18.61</td><td>1    </td><td>1    </td><td>4    </td><td>1    </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>Hornet Sportabout</th><td>18.7 </td><td>8    </td><td>360  </td><td>175  </td><td>3.15 </td><td>3.44 </td><td>17.02</td><td>0    </td><td>0    </td><td>3    </td><td>2    </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllllll}\n",
       "  & mpg & cyl & disp & hp & drat & wt & qsec & vs & am & gear & carb\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\tMazda RX4 & 21.0  & 6     & 160   & 110   & 3.90  & 2.62  & 16.46 & 0     & 1     & 4     & 4    \\\\\n",
       "\tDatsun 710 & 22.8  & 4     & 108   &  93   & 3.85  & 2.32  & 18.61 & 1     & 1     & 4     & 1    \\\\\n",
       "\tHornet Sportabout & 18.7  & 8     & 360   & 175   & 3.15  & 3.44  & 17.02 & 0     & 0     & 3     & 2    \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "| <!--/--> | mpg | cyl | disp | hp | drat | wt | qsec | vs | am | gear | carb | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| Mazda RX4 | 21.0  | 6     | 160   | 110   | 3.90  | 2.62  | 16.46 | 0     | 1     | 4     | 4     | \n",
       "| Datsun 710 | 22.8  | 4     | 108   |  93   | 3.85  | 2.32  | 18.61 | 1     | 1     | 4     | 1     | \n",
       "| Hornet Sportabout | 18.7  | 8     | 360   | 175   | 3.15  | 3.44  | 17.02 | 0     | 0     | 3     | 2     | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                  mpg  cyl disp hp  drat wt   qsec  vs am gear carb\n",
       "Mazda RX4         21.0 6   160  110 3.90 2.62 16.46 0  1  4    4   \n",
       "Datsun 710        22.8 4   108   93 3.85 2.32 18.61 1  1  4    1   \n",
       "Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8   360  175 3.15 3.44 17.02 0  0  3    2   "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rowNumbers <- c(1, 3, 5)\n",
    "mtcars[rowNumbers, ]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"carat\"   \"cut\"     \"color\"   \"clarity\"\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>carat</th><th scope=col>cut</th><th scope=col>color</th><th scope=col>clarity</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>0.23     </td><td>Ideal    </td><td>E        </td><td>SI2      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>0.21     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>E        </td><td>SI1      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>0.23     </td><td>Good     </td><td>E        </td><td>VS1      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>0.29     </td><td>Premium  </td><td>I        </td><td>VS2      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>0.31     </td><td>Good     </td><td>J        </td><td>SI2      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>0.24     </td><td>Very Good</td><td>J        </td><td>VVS2     </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llll}\n",
       " carat & cut & color & clarity\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 0.23      & Ideal     & E         & SI2      \\\\\n",
       "\t 0.21      & Premium   & E         & SI1      \\\\\n",
       "\t 0.23      & Good      & E         & VS1      \\\\\n",
       "\t 0.29      & Premium   & I         & VS2      \\\\\n",
       "\t 0.31      & Good      & J         & SI2      \\\\\n",
       "\t 0.24      & Very Good & J         & VVS2     \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "carat | cut | color | clarity | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 0.23      | Ideal     | E         | SI2       | \n",
       "| 0.21      | Premium   | E         | SI1       | \n",
       "| 0.23      | Good      | E         | VS1       | \n",
       "| 0.29      | Premium   | I         | VS2       | \n",
       "| 0.31      | Good      | J         | SI2       | \n",
       "| 0.24      | Very Good | J         | VVS2      | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  carat cut       color clarity\n",
       "1 0.23  Ideal     E     SI2    \n",
       "2 0.21  Premium   E     SI1    \n",
       "3 0.23  Good      E     VS1    \n",
       "4 0.29  Premium   I     VS2    \n",
       "5 0.31  Good      J     SI2    \n",
       "6 0.24  Very Good J     VVS2   "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "findC <- function(x){\n",
    "    colNames <- names(x)\n",
    "    selectCols <- c()\n",
    "    ind <- 1\n",
    "    for (i in 1:length(colNames)){\n",
    "        if (startsWith(colNames[i], \"c\")){\n",
    "            selectCols[[i]] <- colNames[i]\n",
    "            i <- i + 1\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return(selectCols)\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "C_Columns <- findC(diamonds)\n",
    "print(C_Columns)\n",
    "\n",
    "head(diamonds[, C_Columns])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<dl>\n",
       "\t<dt>$mpg</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$cyl</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$disp</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$hp</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$drat</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$wt</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$qsec</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$vs</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$am</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$gear</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "\t<dt>$carb</dt>\n",
       "\t\t<dd>'numeric'</dd>\n",
       "</dl>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{description}\n",
       "\\item[\\$mpg] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$cyl] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$disp] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$hp] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$drat] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$wt] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$qsec] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$vs] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$am] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$gear] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\item[\\$carb] 'numeric'\n",
       "\\end{description}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "$mpg\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$cyl\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$disp\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$hp\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$drat\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$wt\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$qsec\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$vs\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$am\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$gear\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "$carb\n",
       ":   'numeric'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "$mpg\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$cyl\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$disp\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$hp\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$drat\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$wt\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$qsec\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$vs\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$am\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$gear\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n",
       "\n",
       "$carb\n",
       "[1] \"numeric\"\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lapply(mtcars, class)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{xml_document}\n",
       "<html class=\"client-nojs\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n",
       "[1] <head>\\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8 ...\n",
       "[2] <body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject  ..."
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "landuse_url <- \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use_statistics_by_country\"\n",
    "\n",
    "landuse <- read_html(landuse_url)\n",
    "landuse"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Rank</th><th scope=col>Country</th><th scope=col>Cultivated\n",
       "land\n",
       "(km2)</th><th scope=col>Cultivated\n",
       "land\n",
       "(%)</th><th scope=col>Arable\n",
       "land\n",
       "(km2)</th><th scope=col>Arable\n",
       "land\n",
       "(%)</th><th scope=col>Permanent\n",
       "crops\n",
       "(km2)</th><th scope=col>Permanent\n",
       "crops\n",
       "(%)</th><th scope=col>Other\n",
       "lands\n",
       "(km2)</th><th scope=col>Other\n",
       "lands\n",
       "(%)</th><th scope=col>Total\n",
       "area\n",
       "(km2)</th><th scope=col>Date</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>—            </td><td>World        </td><td>17,235,800   </td><td>11.6         </td><td>15,749,300   </td><td>10.6         </td><td>1,549,600    </td><td>1.0          </td><td>131.701.100  </td><td>88.4         </td><td>149,000,000  </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1            </td><td>India        </td><td>1,891,761    </td><td>57.0         </td><td>1,753,694    </td><td>52.8         </td><td>138,067      </td><td>4.2          </td><td>1,395,502    </td><td>43           </td><td>3,287,263    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2            </td><td>United States</td><td>1,681,826    </td><td>17.1         </td><td>1,652,028    </td><td>16.8         </td><td>29,798       </td><td>0.3          </td><td>8,151,691    </td><td>82.9         </td><td>9,833,517    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3            </td><td>China        </td><td>1,238,013    </td><td>12.9         </td><td>1,084,461    </td><td>11.3         </td><td>153,552      </td><td>1.6          </td><td>8,358,947    </td><td>87.1         </td><td>9,596,960    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4            </td><td>Russia       </td><td>1,265,267    </td><td> 7.4         </td><td>1,248,169    </td><td> 7.3         </td><td>17,098       </td><td>0.1          </td><td>15,832,975   </td><td>92.6         </td><td>17,098,242   </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5            </td><td>Brazil       </td><td>800,485      </td><td> 9.4         </td><td>732,359      </td><td> 8.6         </td><td>68,126       </td><td>0.8          </td><td>7,715,285    </td><td>90.6         </td><td>8,515,770    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llllllllllll}\n",
       " Rank & Country & Cultivated\n",
       "land\n",
       "(km2) & Cultivated\n",
       "land\n",
       "(\\%) & Arable\n",
       "land\n",
       "(km2) & Arable\n",
       "land\n",
       "(\\%) & Permanent\n",
       "crops\n",
       "(km2) & Permanent\n",
       "crops\n",
       "(\\%) & Other\n",
       "lands\n",
       "(km2) & Other\n",
       "lands\n",
       "(\\%) & Total\n",
       "area\n",
       "(km2) & Date\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t —             & World         & 17,235,800    & 11.6          & 15,749,300    & 10.6          & 1,549,600     & 1.0           & 131.701.100   & 88.4          & 149,000,000   & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 1             & India         & 1,891,761     & 57.0          & 1,753,694     & 52.8          & 138,067       & 4.2           & 1,395,502     & 43            & 3,287,263     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 2             & United States & 1,681,826     & 17.1          & 1,652,028     & 16.8          & 29,798        & 0.3           & 8,151,691     & 82.9          & 9,833,517     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 3             & China         & 1,238,013     & 12.9          & 1,084,461     & 11.3          & 153,552       & 1.6           & 8,358,947     & 87.1          & 9,596,960     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 4             & Russia        & 1,265,267     &  7.4          & 1,248,169     &  7.3          & 17,098        & 0.1           & 15,832,975    & 92.6          & 17,098,242    & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 5             & Brazil        & 800,485       &  9.4          & 732,359       &  8.6          & 68,126        & 0.8           & 7,715,285     & 90.6          & 8,515,770     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Rank | Country | Cultivated\n",
       "land\n",
       "(km2) | Cultivated\n",
       "land\n",
       "(%) | Arable\n",
       "land\n",
       "(km2) | Arable\n",
       "land\n",
       "(%) | Permanent\n",
       "crops\n",
       "(km2) | Permanent\n",
       "crops\n",
       "(%) | Other\n",
       "lands\n",
       "(km2) | Other\n",
       "lands\n",
       "(%) | Total\n",
       "area\n",
       "(km2) | Date | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| —             | World         | 17,235,800    | 11.6          | 15,749,300    | 10.6          | 1,549,600     | 1.0           | 131.701.100   | 88.4          | 149,000,000   | 2011          | \n",
       "| 1             | India         | 1,891,761     | 57.0          | 1,753,694     | 52.8          | 138,067       | 4.2           | 1,395,502     | 43            | 3,287,263     | 2011          | \n",
       "| 2             | United States | 1,681,826     | 17.1          | 1,652,028     | 16.8          | 29,798        | 0.3           | 8,151,691     | 82.9          | 9,833,517     | 2011          | \n",
       "| 3             | China         | 1,238,013     | 12.9          | 1,084,461     | 11.3          | 153,552       | 1.6           | 8,358,947     | 87.1          | 9,596,960     | 2011          | \n",
       "| 4             | Russia        | 1,265,267     |  7.4          | 1,248,169     |  7.3          | 17,098        | 0.1           | 15,832,975    | 92.6          | 17,098,242    | 2011          | \n",
       "| 5             | Brazil        | 800,485       |  9.4          | 732,359       |  8.6          | 68,126        | 0.8           | 7,715,285     | 90.6          | 8,515,770     | 2011          | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Rank Country       Cultivated\\nland\\n(km2) Cultivated\\nland\\n(%)\n",
       "1     World         17,235,800              11.6                 \n",
       "2 1    India         1,891,761               57.0                 \n",
       "3 2    United States 1,681,826               17.1                 \n",
       "4 3    China         1,238,013               12.9                 \n",
       "5 4    Russia        1,265,267                7.4                 \n",
       "6 5    Brazil        800,485                  9.4                 \n",
       "  Arable\\nland\\n(km2) Arable\\nland\\n(%) Permanent\\ncrops\\n(km2)\n",
       "1 15,749,300          10.6              1,549,600              \n",
       "2 1,753,694           52.8              138,067                \n",
       "3 1,652,028           16.8              29,798                 \n",
       "4 1,084,461           11.3              153,552                \n",
       "5 1,248,169            7.3              17,098                 \n",
       "6 732,359              8.6              68,126                 \n",
       "  Permanent\\ncrops\\n(%) Other\\nlands\\n(km2) Other\\nlands\\n(%)\n",
       "1 1.0                   131.701.100         88.4             \n",
       "2 4.2                   1,395,502           43               \n",
       "3 0.3                   8,151,691           82.9             \n",
       "4 1.6                   8,358,947           87.1             \n",
       "5 0.1                   15,832,975          92.6             \n",
       "6 0.8                   7,715,285           90.6             \n",
       "  Total\\narea\\n(km2) Date\n",
       "1 149,000,000        2011\n",
       "2 3,287,263          2011\n",
       "3 9,833,517          2011\n",
       "4 9,596,960          2011\n",
       "5 17,098,242         2011\n",
       "6 8,515,770          2011"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tables <- html_table(landuse)\n",
    "landuse_df <- tables[[1]]\n",
    "head(landuse_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol class=list-inline>\n",
       "\t<li>'rank'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'country'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'cultivatedlandkm2'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'cultivatedlandpercent'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'arablelandkm2'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'arablelandpercent'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'permanentcropskm2'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'permanentcropspercent'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'otherlandskm2'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'otherlandspercent'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'totalareakm2'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'date'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
       "\\item 'rank'\n",
       "\\item 'country'\n",
       "\\item 'cultivatedlandkm2'\n",
       "\\item 'cultivatedlandpercent'\n",
       "\\item 'arablelandkm2'\n",
       "\\item 'arablelandpercent'\n",
       "\\item 'permanentcropskm2'\n",
       "\\item 'permanentcropspercent'\n",
       "\\item 'otherlandskm2'\n",
       "\\item 'otherlandspercent'\n",
       "\\item 'totalareakm2'\n",
       "\\item 'date'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate*}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 'rank'\n",
       "2. 'country'\n",
       "3. 'cultivatedlandkm2'\n",
       "4. 'cultivatedlandpercent'\n",
       "5. 'arablelandkm2'\n",
       "6. 'arablelandpercent'\n",
       "7. 'permanentcropskm2'\n",
       "8. 'permanentcropspercent'\n",
       "9. 'otherlandskm2'\n",
       "10. 'otherlandspercent'\n",
       "11. 'totalareakm2'\n",
       "12. 'date'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       " [1] \"rank\"                  \"country\"               \"cultivatedlandkm2\"    \n",
       " [4] \"cultivatedlandpercent\" \"arablelandkm2\"         \"arablelandpercent\"    \n",
       " [7] \"permanentcropskm2\"     \"permanentcropspercent\" \"otherlandskm2\"        \n",
       "[10] \"otherlandspercent\"     \"totalareakm2\"          \"date\"                 "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "names(landuse_df) <- c(\"rank\", \"country\", \"cultivatedlandkm2\", \n",
    "                      \"cultivatedlandpercent\", \"arablelandkm2\",\n",
    "                       \"arablelandpercent\", \"permanentcropskm2\",\n",
    "                       \"permanentcropspercent\", \"otherlandskm2\",\n",
    "                       \"otherlandspercent\", \"totalareakm2\", \"date\"                      \n",
    "                      )\n",
    "\n",
    "names(landuse_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>rank</th><th scope=col>country</th><th scope=col>cultivatedlandkm2</th><th scope=col>cultivatedlandpercent</th><th scope=col>arablelandkm2</th><th scope=col>arablelandpercent</th><th scope=col>permanentcropskm2</th><th scope=col>permanentcropspercent</th><th scope=col>otherlandskm2</th><th scope=col>otherlandspercent</th><th scope=col>totalareakm2</th><th scope=col>date</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>—            </td><td>World        </td><td>17,235,800   </td><td>11.6         </td><td>15,749,300   </td><td>10.6         </td><td>1,549,600    </td><td>1.0          </td><td>131.701.100  </td><td>88.4         </td><td>149,000,000  </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1            </td><td>India        </td><td>1,891,761    </td><td>57.0         </td><td>1,753,694    </td><td>52.8         </td><td>138,067      </td><td>4.2          </td><td>1,395,502    </td><td>43           </td><td>3,287,263    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2            </td><td>United States</td><td>1,681,826    </td><td>17.1         </td><td>1,652,028    </td><td>16.8         </td><td>29,798       </td><td>0.3          </td><td>8,151,691    </td><td>82.9         </td><td>9,833,517    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3            </td><td>China        </td><td>1,238,013    </td><td>12.9         </td><td>1,084,461    </td><td>11.3         </td><td>153,552      </td><td>1.6          </td><td>8,358,947    </td><td>87.1         </td><td>9,596,960    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4            </td><td>Russia       </td><td>1,265,267    </td><td> 7.4         </td><td>1,248,169    </td><td> 7.3         </td><td>17,098       </td><td>0.1          </td><td>15,832,975   </td><td>92.6         </td><td>17,098,242   </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5            </td><td>Brazil       </td><td>800,485      </td><td> 9.4         </td><td>732,359      </td><td> 8.6         </td><td>68,126       </td><td>0.8          </td><td>7,715,285    </td><td>90.6         </td><td>8,515,770    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llllllllllll}\n",
       " rank & country & cultivatedlandkm2 & cultivatedlandpercent & arablelandkm2 & arablelandpercent & permanentcropskm2 & permanentcropspercent & otherlandskm2 & otherlandspercent & totalareakm2 & date\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t —             & World         & 17,235,800    & 11.6          & 15,749,300    & 10.6          & 1,549,600     & 1.0           & 131.701.100   & 88.4          & 149,000,000   & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 1             & India         & 1,891,761     & 57.0          & 1,753,694     & 52.8          & 138,067       & 4.2           & 1,395,502     & 43            & 3,287,263     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 2             & United States & 1,681,826     & 17.1          & 1,652,028     & 16.8          & 29,798        & 0.3           & 8,151,691     & 82.9          & 9,833,517     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 3             & China         & 1,238,013     & 12.9          & 1,084,461     & 11.3          & 153,552       & 1.6           & 8,358,947     & 87.1          & 9,596,960     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 4             & Russia        & 1,265,267     &  7.4          & 1,248,169     &  7.3          & 17,098        & 0.1           & 15,832,975    & 92.6          & 17,098,242    & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t 5             & Brazil        & 800,485       &  9.4          & 732,359       &  8.6          & 68,126        & 0.8           & 7,715,285     & 90.6          & 8,515,770     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "rank | country | cultivatedlandkm2 | cultivatedlandpercent | arablelandkm2 | arablelandpercent | permanentcropskm2 | permanentcropspercent | otherlandskm2 | otherlandspercent | totalareakm2 | date | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| —             | World         | 17,235,800    | 11.6          | 15,749,300    | 10.6          | 1,549,600     | 1.0           | 131.701.100   | 88.4          | 149,000,000   | 2011          | \n",
       "| 1             | India         | 1,891,761     | 57.0          | 1,753,694     | 52.8          | 138,067       | 4.2           | 1,395,502     | 43            | 3,287,263     | 2011          | \n",
       "| 2             | United States | 1,681,826     | 17.1          | 1,652,028     | 16.8          | 29,798        | 0.3           | 8,151,691     | 82.9          | 9,833,517     | 2011          | \n",
       "| 3             | China         | 1,238,013     | 12.9          | 1,084,461     | 11.3          | 153,552       | 1.6           | 8,358,947     | 87.1          | 9,596,960     | 2011          | \n",
       "| 4             | Russia        | 1,265,267     |  7.4          | 1,248,169     |  7.3          | 17,098        | 0.1           | 15,832,975    | 92.6          | 17,098,242    | 2011          | \n",
       "| 5             | Brazil        | 800,485       |  9.4          | 732,359       |  8.6          | 68,126        | 0.8           | 7,715,285     | 90.6          | 8,515,770     | 2011          | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  rank country       cultivatedlandkm2 cultivatedlandpercent arablelandkm2\n",
       "1     World         17,235,800        11.6                  15,749,300   \n",
       "2 1    India         1,891,761         57.0                  1,753,694    \n",
       "3 2    United States 1,681,826         17.1                  1,652,028    \n",
       "4 3    China         1,238,013         12.9                  1,084,461    \n",
       "5 4    Russia        1,265,267          7.4                  1,248,169    \n",
       "6 5    Brazil        800,485            9.4                  732,359      \n",
       "  arablelandpercent permanentcropskm2 permanentcropspercent otherlandskm2\n",
       "1 10.6              1,549,600         1.0                   131.701.100  \n",
       "2 52.8              138,067           4.2                   1,395,502    \n",
       "3 16.8              29,798            0.3                   8,151,691    \n",
       "4 11.3              153,552           1.6                   8,358,947    \n",
       "5  7.3              17,098            0.1                   15,832,975   \n",
       "6  8.6              68,126            0.8                   7,715,285    \n",
       "  otherlandspercent totalareakm2 date\n",
       "1 88.4              149,000,000  2011\n",
       "2 43                3,287,263    2011\n",
       "3 82.9              9,833,517    2011\n",
       "4 87.1              9,596,960    2011\n",
       "5 92.6              17,098,242   2011\n",
       "6 90.6              8,515,770    2011"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(landuse_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Warning message in FUN(X[[i]], ...):\n",
      "\"NAs introduced by coercion\""
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numericColumns <- \n",
    "c(\"rank\", \"cultivatedlandkm2\", \"cultivatedlandpercent\",\n",
    "\"arablelandkm2\", \"arablelandpercent\", \"permanentcropskm2\",\n",
    " \"permanentcropspercent\", \"otherlandskm2\", \"otherlandspercent\",\n",
    " \"totalareakm2\", \"date\")\n",
    "\n",
    "landuse_df[numericColumns] <- lapply(landuse_df[numericColumns], function(x){\n",
    "    as.numeric(stringr::str_replace_all(x, \"[^[:digit:]\\\\-\\\\.]\", \"\"))\n",
    "})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>rank</th><th scope=col>country</th><th scope=col>cultivatedlandkm2</th><th scope=col>cultivatedlandpercent</th><th scope=col>arablelandkm2</th><th scope=col>arablelandpercent</th><th scope=col>permanentcropskm2</th><th scope=col>permanentcropspercent</th><th scope=col>otherlandskm2</th><th scope=col>otherlandspercent</th><th scope=col>totalareakm2</th><th scope=col>date</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>NA           </td><td>World        </td><td>17235800     </td><td>11.6         </td><td>15749300     </td><td>10.6         </td><td>1549600      </td><td>1.0          </td><td>      NA     </td><td>88.4         </td><td>149000000    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 1           </td><td>India        </td><td> 1891761     </td><td>57.0         </td><td> 1753694     </td><td>52.8         </td><td> 138067      </td><td>4.2          </td><td> 1395502     </td><td>43.0         </td><td>  3287263    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 2           </td><td>United States</td><td> 1681826     </td><td>17.1         </td><td> 1652028     </td><td>16.8         </td><td>  29798      </td><td>0.3          </td><td> 8151691     </td><td>82.9         </td><td>  9833517    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 3           </td><td>China        </td><td> 1238013     </td><td>12.9         </td><td> 1084461     </td><td>11.3         </td><td> 153552      </td><td>1.6          </td><td> 8358947     </td><td>87.1         </td><td>  9596960    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 4           </td><td>Russia       </td><td> 1265267     </td><td> 7.4         </td><td> 1248169     </td><td> 7.3         </td><td>  17098      </td><td>0.1          </td><td>15832975     </td><td>92.6         </td><td> 17098242    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 5           </td><td>Brazil       </td><td>  800485     </td><td> 9.4         </td><td>  732359     </td><td> 8.6         </td><td>  68126      </td><td>0.8          </td><td> 7715285     </td><td>90.6         </td><td>  8515770    </td><td>2011         </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llllllllllll}\n",
       " rank & country & cultivatedlandkm2 & cultivatedlandpercent & arablelandkm2 & arablelandpercent & permanentcropskm2 & permanentcropspercent & otherlandskm2 & otherlandspercent & totalareakm2 & date\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t NA            & World         & 17235800      & 11.6          & 15749300      & 10.6          & 1549600       & 1.0           &       NA      & 88.4          & 149000000     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t  1            & India         &  1891761      & 57.0          &  1753694      & 52.8          &  138067       & 4.2           &  1395502      & 43.0          &   3287263     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t  2            & United States &  1681826      & 17.1          &  1652028      & 16.8          &   29798       & 0.3           &  8151691      & 82.9          &   9833517     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t  3            & China         &  1238013      & 12.9          &  1084461      & 11.3          &  153552       & 1.6           &  8358947      & 87.1          &   9596960     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t  4            & Russia        &  1265267      &  7.4          &  1248169      &  7.3          &   17098       & 0.1           & 15832975      & 92.6          &  17098242     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\t  5            & Brazil        &   800485      &  9.4          &   732359      &  8.6          &   68126       & 0.8           &  7715285      & 90.6          &   8515770     & 2011         \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "rank | country | cultivatedlandkm2 | cultivatedlandpercent | arablelandkm2 | arablelandpercent | permanentcropskm2 | permanentcropspercent | otherlandskm2 | otherlandspercent | totalareakm2 | date | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| NA            | World         | 17235800      | 11.6          | 15749300      | 10.6          | 1549600       | 1.0           |       NA      | 88.4          | 149000000     | 2011          | \n",
       "|  1            | India         |  1891761      | 57.0          |  1753694      | 52.8          |  138067       | 4.2           |  1395502      | 43.0          |   3287263     | 2011          | \n",
       "|  2            | United States |  1681826      | 17.1          |  1652028      | 16.8          |   29798       | 0.3           |  8151691      | 82.9          |   9833517     | 2011          | \n",
       "|  3            | China         |  1238013      | 12.9          |  1084461      | 11.3          |  153552       | 1.6           |  8358947      | 87.1          |   9596960     | 2011          | \n",
       "|  4            | Russia        |  1265267      |  7.4          |  1248169      |  7.3          |   17098       | 0.1           | 15832975      | 92.6          |  17098242     | 2011          | \n",
       "|  5            | Brazil        |   800485      |  9.4          |   732359      |  8.6          |   68126       | 0.8           |  7715285      | 90.6          |   8515770     | 2011          | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  rank country       cultivatedlandkm2 cultivatedlandpercent arablelandkm2\n",
       "1 NA   World         17235800          11.6                  15749300     \n",
       "2  1   India          1891761          57.0                   1753694     \n",
       "3  2   United States  1681826          17.1                   1652028     \n",
       "4  3   China          1238013          12.9                   1084461     \n",
       "5  4   Russia         1265267           7.4                   1248169     \n",
       "6  5   Brazil          800485           9.4                    732359     \n",
       "  arablelandpercent permanentcropskm2 permanentcropspercent otherlandskm2\n",
       "1 10.6              1549600           1.0                         NA     \n",
       "2 52.8               138067           4.2                    1395502     \n",
       "3 16.8                29798           0.3                    8151691     \n",
       "4 11.3               153552           1.6                    8358947     \n",
       "5  7.3                17098           0.1                   15832975     \n",
       "6  8.6                68126           0.8                    7715285     \n",
       "  otherlandspercent totalareakm2 date\n",
       "1 88.4              149000000    2011\n",
       "2 43.0                3287263    2011\n",
       "3 82.9                9833517    2011\n",
       "4 87.1                9596960    2011\n",
       "5 92.6               17098242    2011\n",
       "6 90.6                8515770    2011"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(landuse_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>country</th><th scope=col>cultivatedlandkm2</th><th scope=col>arablelandkm2</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>India        </td><td>1891761      </td><td>1753694      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>United States</td><td>1681826      </td><td>1652028      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>China        </td><td>1238013      </td><td>1084461      </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>Russia       </td><td>1265267      </td><td>1248169      </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lll}\n",
       " country & cultivatedlandkm2 & arablelandkm2\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t India         & 1891761       & 1753694      \\\\\n",
       "\t United States & 1681826       & 1652028      \\\\\n",
       "\t China         & 1238013       & 1084461      \\\\\n",
       "\t Russia        & 1265267       & 1248169      \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "country | cultivatedlandkm2 | arablelandkm2 | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| India         | 1891761       | 1753694       | \n",
       "| United States | 1681826       | 1652028       | \n",
       "| China         | 1238013       | 1084461       | \n",
       "| Russia        | 1265267       | 1248169       | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  country       cultivatedlandkm2 arablelandkm2\n",
       "1 India         1891761           1753694      \n",
       "2 United States 1681826           1652028      \n",
       "3 China         1238013           1084461      \n",
       "4 Russia        1265267           1248169      "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "interestedCountries <- c(\"India\", \"United States\", \"China\", \"Russia\")\n",
    "\n",
    "data <- landuse_df %>%\n",
    "            filter(country %in% interestedCountries) %>%\n",
    "            select(country, cultivatedlandkm2, arablelandkm2)\n",
    "\n",
    "data\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>country</th><th scope=col>variable</th><th scope=col>value</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>India            </td><td>cultivatedlandkm2</td><td>1891761          </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>United States    </td><td>cultivatedlandkm2</td><td>1681826          </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>China            </td><td>cultivatedlandkm2</td><td>1238013          </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>Russia           </td><td>cultivatedlandkm2</td><td>1265267          </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>India            </td><td>arablelandkm2    </td><td>1753694          </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>United States    </td><td>arablelandkm2    </td><td>1652028          </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>China            </td><td>arablelandkm2    </td><td>1084461          </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>Russia           </td><td>arablelandkm2    </td><td>1248169          </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lll}\n",
       " country & variable & value\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t India             & cultivatedlandkm2 & 1891761          \\\\\n",
       "\t United States     & cultivatedlandkm2 & 1681826          \\\\\n",
       "\t China             & cultivatedlandkm2 & 1238013          \\\\\n",
       "\t Russia            & cultivatedlandkm2 & 1265267          \\\\\n",
       "\t India             & arablelandkm2     & 1753694          \\\\\n",
       "\t United States     & arablelandkm2     & 1652028          \\\\\n",
       "\t China             & arablelandkm2     & 1084461          \\\\\n",
       "\t Russia            & arablelandkm2     & 1248169          \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "country | variable | value | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| India             | cultivatedlandkm2 | 1891761           | \n",
       "| United States     | cultivatedlandkm2 | 1681826           | \n",
       "| China             | cultivatedlandkm2 | 1238013           | \n",
       "| Russia            | cultivatedlandkm2 | 1265267           | \n",
       "| India             | arablelandkm2     | 1753694           | \n",
       "| United States     | arablelandkm2     | 1652028           | \n",
       "| China             | arablelandkm2     | 1084461           | \n",
       "| Russia            | arablelandkm2     | 1248169           | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  country       variable          value  \n",
       "1 India         cultivatedlandkm2 1891761\n",
       "2 United States cultivatedlandkm2 1681826\n",
       "3 China         cultivatedlandkm2 1238013\n",
       "4 Russia        cultivatedlandkm2 1265267\n",
       "5 India         arablelandkm2     1753694\n",
       "6 United States arablelandkm2     1652028\n",
       "7 China         arablelandkm2     1084461\n",
       "8 Russia        arablelandkm2     1248169"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "reshapedData <- melt(data, id.vars = \"country\")\n",
    "reshapedData"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {},
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ggplot(data = reshapedData, aes(x = country, y = value, fill = variable)) + \n",
    "    geom_bar(stat = \"identity\", position = \"dodge\")"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "R",
   "language": "R",
   "name": "ir"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": "r",
   "file_extension": ".r",
   "mimetype": "text/x-r-source",
   "name": "R",
   "pygments_lexer": "r",
   "version": "3.4.1"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}