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code.py
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code.py
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__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2014 Andreas Kloeckner"
__license__ = """
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
"""
import django.forms as forms
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from django.utils.html import escape
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from course.constants import flow_permission
from course.page.base import (
AnswerFeedback, PageBaseWithHumanTextFeedback, PageBaseWithTitle,
PageBaseWithValue, get_auto_feedback, get_editor_interaction_mode,
markup_to_html,
)
from course.validation import ValidationError
from relate.utils import StyledForm, string_concat
# DEBUGGING SWITCH:
# True for 'spawn containers' (normal operation)
# False for 'just connect to localhost:CODE_QUESTION_CONTAINER_PORT' as runcode'
SPAWN_CONTAINERS = True
# {{{ html sanitization helper
def is_allowed_data_uri(allowed_mimetypes, uri):
import re
m = re.match(r"^data:([-a-z0-9]+/[-a-z0-9]+);base64,", uri)
if not m:
return False
mimetype = m.group(1)
return mimetype in allowed_mimetypes
def filter_audio_attributes(tag, name, value):
if name in ["controls"]:
return True
else:
return False
def filter_source_attributes(tag, name, value):
if name in ["type"]:
return True
elif name == "src":
if is_allowed_data_uri([
"audio/wav",
], value):
return True
else:
return False
else:
return False
def filter_img_attributes(tag, name, value):
if name in ["alt", "title"]:
return True
elif name == "src":
return is_allowed_data_uri([
"image/png",
"image/jpeg",
], value)
else:
return False
def filter_attributes(tag, name, value):
from bleach.sanitizer import ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES
allowed_attrs = ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES.get(tag, [])
result = name in allowed_attrs
if tag == "audio":
result = result or filter_audio_attributes(tag, name, value)
elif tag == "source":
result = result or filter_source_attributes(tag, name, value)
elif tag == "img":
result = result or filter_img_attributes(tag, name, value)
# {{{ prohibit data URLs anywhere not allowed above
# Follows approach suggested in
# https://github.com/mozilla/bleach/issues/348#issuecomment-359484660
from html5lib.filters.sanitizer import attr_val_is_uri
if (None, name) in attr_val_is_uri or (tag, name) in attr_val_is_uri:
from urllib.parse import urlparse
try:
parsed_url = urlparse(value)
except ValueError:
# could not parse URL: tough beans
return False
if parsed_url.scheme == "data" and not result:
return False
# }}}
return result
def sanitize_from_code_html(s):
import bleach
if not isinstance(s, str):
return _("(Non-string in 'HTML' output filtered out)")
return bleach.clean(s,
tags=bleach.ALLOWED_TAGS + ["audio", "video", "source"],
protocols=bleach.ALLOWED_PROTOCOLS + ["data"],
attributes=filter_attributes)
# }}}
# {{{ base code question
class CodeForm(StyledForm):
# prevents form submission with codemirror's empty textarea
use_required_attribute = False
def __init__(self, read_only, interaction_mode, initial_code,
language_mode, data=None, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(data, *args, **kwargs)
from course.utils import get_codemirror_widget
cm_widget, cm_help_text = get_codemirror_widget(
language_mode=language_mode,
interaction_mode=interaction_mode,
read_only=read_only,
# Automatically focus the text field once there has
# been some input.
autofocus=(
not read_only
and (data is not None and "answer" in data)))
self.fields["answer"] = forms.CharField(required=True,
initial=initial_code,
help_text=cm_help_text,
widget=cm_widget,
label=_("Answer"))
self.style_codemirror_widget()
def clean(self):
# FIXME Should try compilation
pass
CODE_QUESTION_CONTAINER_PORT = 9941
DOCKER_TIMEOUT = 15
class InvalidPingResponse(RuntimeError):
pass
def request_run(run_req, run_timeout, image=None):
import errno
import http.client as http_client
import json
import socket
import docker
from docker.errors import APIError as DockerAPIError
debug = False
if debug:
def debug_print(s):
print(s)
else:
def debug_print(s):
pass
command_path = "/opt/runcode/runcode"
user = "runcode"
# The following is necessary because tests don't arise from a CodeQuestion
# object, so we provide a fallback.
debug_print("Image is %s." % repr(image))
if image is None:
image = settings.RELATE_DOCKER_RUNPY_IMAGE
if SPAWN_CONTAINERS:
docker_url = getattr(settings, "RELATE_DOCKER_URL",
"unix://var/run/docker.sock")
docker_tls = getattr(settings, "RELATE_DOCKER_TLS_CONFIG",
None)
docker_cnx = docker.Client(
base_url=docker_url,
tls=docker_tls,
timeout=DOCKER_TIMEOUT,
version="1.19")
dresult = docker_cnx.create_container(
image=image,
command=[
command_path,
"-1"],
host_config={
"Memory": 384*10**6,
"MemorySwap": -1,
"PublishAllPorts": True,
# Do not enable: matplotlib stops working if enabled.
# "ReadonlyRootfs": True,
},
user=user)
container_id = dresult["Id"]
else:
container_id = None
connect_host_ip = "localhost"
try:
# FIXME: Prohibit networking
if container_id is not None:
docker_cnx.start(container_id)
container_props = docker_cnx.inspect_container(container_id)
port_infos = (container_props
["NetworkSettings"]["Ports"]["%d/tcp" %
CODE_QUESTION_CONTAINER_PORT])
if len(port_infos) < 1:
raise ValueError("got empty list of container ports")
port_info = port_infos[0]
port_host_ip = port_info.get("HostIp")
if port_host_ip != "0.0.0.0":
connect_host_ip = port_host_ip
port = int(port_info["HostPort"])
else:
port = CODE_QUESTION_CONTAINER_PORT
from time import sleep, time
start_time = time()
# {{{ ping until response received
from traceback import format_exc
def check_timeout():
if time() - start_time < DOCKER_TIMEOUT:
sleep(0.1)
# and retry
else:
return {
"result": "uncaught_error",
"message": "Timeout waiting for container.",
"traceback": "".join(format_exc()),
"exec_host": connect_host_ip,
}
if not connect_host_ip:
# for compatibility with podman
connect_host_ip = "localhost"
while True:
try:
connection = http_client.HTTPConnection(connect_host_ip, port)
connection.request("GET", "/ping")
response = connection.getresponse()
response_data = response.read().decode()
if response_data != "OK":
raise InvalidPingResponse()
break
except (http_client.BadStatusLine, InvalidPingResponse):
ct_res = check_timeout()
if ct_res is not None:
return ct_res
except OSError as e:
if e.errno in [errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ECONNREFUSED]:
ct_res = check_timeout()
if ct_res is not None:
return ct_res
else:
raise
# }}}
debug_print("PING SUCCESSFUL")
try:
# Add a second to accommodate 'wire' delays
connection = http_client.HTTPConnection(connect_host_ip, port,
timeout=1 + run_timeout)
headers = {"Content-type": "application/json"}
json_run_req = json.dumps(run_req).encode("utf-8")
from time import time
start_time = time()
debug_print("BEFPOST")
connection.request("POST", "/run-python", json_run_req, headers)
debug_print("AFTPOST")
http_response = connection.getresponse()
debug_print("GETR")
response_data = http_response.read().decode("utf-8")
debug_print("READR")
end_time = time()
result = json.loads(response_data)
result["feedback"] = (result.get("feedback", [])
+ ["Execution time: %.1f s -- Time limit: %.1f s"
% (end_time - start_time, run_timeout)])
result["exec_host"] = connect_host_ip
return result
except socket.timeout:
return {
"result": "timeout",
"exec_host": connect_host_ip,
}
finally:
if container_id is not None:
debug_print("-----------BEGIN DOCKER LOGS for %s" % container_id)
debug_print(docker_cnx.logs(container_id))
debug_print("-----------END DOCKER LOGS for %s" % container_id)
try:
docker_cnx.remove_container(container_id, force=True)
except DockerAPIError:
# Oh well. No need to bother the students with this nonsense.
pass
def is_nuisance_failure(result):
if result["result"] != "uncaught_error":
return False
if "traceback" in result:
if "BadStatusLine" in result["traceback"]:
# Occasionally, we fail to send a POST to the container, even after
# the inital ping GET succeeded, for (for now) mysterious reasons.
# Just try again.
return True
if "bind: address already in use" in result["traceback"]:
# https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/8714
return True
if ("requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError"
in result["traceback"]):
return True
if "http.client.RemoteDisconnected" in result["traceback"]:
return True
if "[Errno 113] No route to host" in result["traceback"]:
return True
return False
def request_run_with_retries(run_req, run_timeout, image=None, retry_count=3):
while True:
result = request_run(run_req, run_timeout, image=image)
if retry_count and is_nuisance_failure(result):
retry_count -= 1
continue
return result
class CodeQuestion(PageBaseWithTitle, PageBaseWithValue):
"""
An auto-graded question allowing an answer consisting of code.
All user code as well as all code specified as part of the problem
is in the specified language. This class should be treated as an
interface and used only as a superclass.
If you are not including the
:attr:`course.constants.flow_permission.change_answer`
permission for your entire flow, you likely want to
include this snippet in your question definition:
.. code-block:: yaml
access_rules:
add_permissions:
- change_answer
This will allow participants multiple attempts at getting
the right answer.
.. attribute:: id
|id-page-attr|
.. attribute:: type
``CodeQuestion``
.. attribute:: is_optional_page
|is-optional-page-attr|
.. attribute:: access_rules
|access-rules-page-attr|
.. attribute:: title
|title-page-attr|
.. attribute:: value
|value-page-attr|
.. attribute:: prompt
The page's prompt, written in :ref:`markup`.
.. attribute:: timeout
A number, giving the number of seconds for which setup code,
the given answer code, and the test code (combined) will be
allowed to run.
.. attribute:: setup_code
Optional.
Language-specific code to prepare the environment for the participant's
answer.
.. attribute:: show_setup_code
Optional. ``True`` or ``False``. If true, the :attr:`setup_code`
will be shown to the participant.
.. attribute:: names_for_user
Optional.
Symbols defined at the end of the :attr:`setup_code` that will be
made available to the participant's code.
A deep copy (using the standard library function :func:`copy.deepcopy`)
of these values is made, to prevent the user from modifying trusted
state of the grading code.
.. attribute:: names_from_user
Optional.
Symbols that the participant's code is expected to define.
These will be made available to the :attr:`test_code`.
.. attribute:: test_code
Optional.
Code that will be run to determine the correctness of a
student-provided solution. Will have access to variables in
:attr:`names_from_user` (which will be *None*) if not provided. Should
never raise an exception.
This may contain the marker "###CORRECT_CODE###", which will
be replaced with the contents of :attr:`correct_code`, with
each line indented to the same depth as where the marker
is found. The line with this marker is only allowed to have
white space and the marker on it.
.. attribute:: show_test_code
Optional. ``True`` or ``False``. If true, the :attr:`test_code`
will be shown to the participant.
.. attribute:: correct_code_explanation
Optional.
Code that is revealed when answers are visible
(see :ref:`flow-permissions`). This is shown before
:attr:`correct_code` as an explanation.
.. attribute:: correct_code
Optional.
Code that is revealed when answers are visible
(see :ref:`flow-permissions`).
.. attribute:: initial_code
Optional.
Code present in the code input field when the participant first starts
working on their solution.
.. attribute:: data_files
Optional.
A list of file names in the :ref:`git-repo` whose contents will be made
available to :attr:`setup_code` and :attr:`test_code` through the
``data_files`` dictionary. (see below)
.. attribute:: single_submission
Optional, a Boolean. If the question does not allow multiple submissions
based on its :attr:`access_rules` (not the ones of the flow), a warning
is shown. Setting this attribute to True will silence the warning.
.. attribute:: docker_image
Optional.
Specific Docker image within which to run code for the participants
answer. This overrides the image set in the `local_settings.py`
configuration. The Docker image should provide two files; these are
supplied in RELATE's standard Python Docker image by `course/page/
code_run_backend_python.py` and `course/page/code_feedback.py`, for
instance. Consult `docker-image-run-py/docker-build.sh` for one
example of a local build. The Docker image should already be loaded
on the system (RELATE does not pull the image automatically).
* ``data_files``: A dictionary mapping file names from :attr:`data_files`
to :class:`bytes` instances with that file's contents.
* ``user_code``: The user code being tested, as a string.
"""
def __init__(self, vctx, location, page_desc, language_mode):
super().__init__(vctx, location, page_desc)
if vctx is not None and hasattr(page_desc, "data_files"):
for data_file in page_desc.data_files:
try:
if not isinstance(data_file, str):
raise ObjectDoesNotExist()
from course.content import get_repo_blob
get_repo_blob(vctx.repo, data_file, vctx.commit_sha)
except ObjectDoesNotExist:
raise ValidationError(
string_concat(
"%(location)s: ",
_("data file '%(file)s' not found"))
% {"location": location, "file": data_file})
if hasattr(page_desc, "docker_image"):
self.container_image = page_desc.docker_image
if not getattr(page_desc, "single_submission", False) and vctx is not None:
is_multi_submit = False
if hasattr(page_desc, "access_rules"):
if hasattr(page_desc.access_rules, "add_permissions"):
if (flow_permission.change_answer
in page_desc.access_rules.add_permissions):
is_multi_submit = True
if not is_multi_submit:
vctx.add_warning(location, _("code question does not explicitly "
"allow multiple submission. Either add "
"access_rules/add_permssions/change_answer "
"or add 'single_submission: True' to confirm that you intend "
"for only a single submission to be allowed. "
"While you're at it, consider adding "
"access_rules/add_permssions/see_correctness."))
def required_attrs(self):
return super().required_attrs() + (
("prompt", "markup"),
("timeout", (int, float)),
)
def allowed_attrs(self):
return super().allowed_attrs() + (
("setup_code", str),
("show_setup_code", bool),
("names_for_user", list),
("names_from_user", list),
("test_code", str),
("show_test_code", bool),
("correct_code_explanation", "markup"),
("correct_code", str),
("initial_code", str),
("docker_image", str),
("data_files", list),
("single_submission", bool),
)
def _initial_code(self):
result = getattr(self.page_desc, "initial_code", None)
if result is not None:
return result.strip()
else:
return result
def markup_body_for_title(self):
return self.page_desc.prompt
def body(self, page_context, page_data):
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
return render_to_string(
"course/prompt-code-question.html",
{
"prompt_html":
markup_to_html(page_context, self.page_desc.prompt),
"initial_code": self._initial_code(),
"show_setup_code": getattr(
self.page_desc, "show_setup_code", False),
"setup_code": getattr(self.page_desc, "setup_code", ""),
"show_test_code": getattr(
self.page_desc, "show_test_code", False),
"test_code": getattr(self.page_desc, "test_code", ""),
})
def make_form(self, page_context, page_data,
answer_data, page_behavior):
if answer_data is not None:
answer = {"answer": self.get_code_from_answer_data(answer_data)}
form = CodeForm(
not page_behavior.may_change_answer,
get_editor_interaction_mode(page_context),
self._initial_code(),
self.language_mode,
answer)
else:
answer = None
form = CodeForm(
not page_behavior.may_change_answer,
get_editor_interaction_mode(page_context),
self._initial_code(),
self.language_mode
)
return form
def process_form_post(
self, page_context, page_data, post_data, files_data, page_behavior):
return CodeForm(
not page_behavior.may_change_answer,
get_editor_interaction_mode(page_context),
self._initial_code(),
self.language_mode,
post_data, files_data)
def get_submission_filename_pattern(self, page_context):
username = "anon"
flow_id = "unk_flow"
if page_context.flow_session is not None:
if page_context.flow_session.participation is not None:
username = page_context.flow_session.participation.user.username
if page_context.flow_session.flow_id:
flow_id = page_context.flow_session.flow_id
return (
"submission/"
f"{page_context.course.identifier}/"
"code/"
f"{flow_id}/"
f"{self.page_desc.id}/"
f"{username}"
f"{self.suffix}")
def code_to_answer_data(self, page_context, code):
# Linux sector size is 512. Anything below a half-full
# sector is probably inefficient.
if len(code) <= 256:
return {"answer": code}
from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
saved_name = settings.RELATE_BULK_STORAGE.save(
self.get_submission_filename_pattern(page_context),
ContentFile(code))
return {"storage_filename": saved_name}
def answer_data(self, page_context, page_data, form, files_data):
code = form.cleaned_data["answer"].strip()
return self.code_to_answer_data(page_context, code)
def get_test_code(self):
test_code = getattr(self.page_desc, "test_code", None)
if test_code is None:
return test_code
correct_code = getattr(self.page_desc, "correct_code", None)
if correct_code is None:
correct_code = ""
from .code_run_backend import substitute_correct_code_into_test_code
return substitute_correct_code_into_test_code(test_code, correct_code)
@staticmethod
def get_code_from_answer_data(answer_data):
if "storage_filename" in answer_data:
bulk_storage = settings.RELATE_BULK_STORAGE
with bulk_storage.open(answer_data["storage_filename"]) as inf:
return inf.read().decode("utf-8")
elif "answer" in answer_data:
return answer_data["answer"]
else:
raise ValueError("could not get submitted data from answer_data JSON")
def grade(self, page_context, page_data, answer_data, grade_data):
if answer_data is None:
return AnswerFeedback(correctness=0,
feedback=_("No answer provided."))
user_code = self.get_code_from_answer_data(answer_data)
# {{{ request run
run_req = {"compile_only": False, "user_code": user_code}
def transfer_attr(name):
if hasattr(self.page_desc, name):
run_req[name] = getattr(self.page_desc, name)
transfer_attr("setup_code")
transfer_attr("names_for_user")
transfer_attr("names_from_user")
run_req["test_code"] = self.get_test_code()
if hasattr(self.page_desc, "data_files"):
run_req["data_files"] = {}
from course.content import get_repo_blob
for data_file in self.page_desc.data_files:
from base64 import b64encode
run_req["data_files"][data_file] = \
b64encode(
get_repo_blob(
page_context.repo, data_file,
page_context.commit_sha).data).decode()
try:
response_dict = request_run_with_retries(run_req,
run_timeout=self.page_desc.timeout,
image=self.container_image)
except Exception:
from traceback import format_exc
response_dict = {
"result": "uncaught_error",
"message": "Error connecting to container",
"traceback": "".join(format_exc()),
}
# }}}
feedback_bits = []
correctness = None
if "points" in response_dict:
correctness = response_dict["points"]
try:
feedback_bits.append(
"<p><b>%s</b></p>"
% _(get_auto_feedback(correctness)))
except Exception as e:
correctness = None
response_dict["result"] = "setup_error"
response_dict["message"] = (
"{}: {}".format(type(e).__name__, str(e))
)
# {{{ send email if the grading code broke
if response_dict["result"] in [
"uncaught_error",
"setup_compile_error",
"setup_error",
"test_compile_error",
"test_error"]:
error_msg_parts = ["RESULT: %s" % response_dict["result"]]
for key, val in sorted(response_dict.items()):
if (key not in ["result", "figures"]
and val
and isinstance(val, str)):
error_msg_parts.append("-------------------------------------")
error_msg_parts.append(key)
error_msg_parts.append("-------------------------------------")
error_msg_parts.append(val)
error_msg_parts.append("-------------------------------------")
error_msg_parts.append("user code")
error_msg_parts.append("-------------------------------------")
error_msg_parts.append(user_code)
error_msg_parts.append("-------------------------------------")
error_msg = "\n".join(error_msg_parts)
from course.utils import LanguageOverride
from relate.utils import format_datetime_local, local_now
with LanguageOverride(page_context.course):
from relate.utils import render_email_template
message = render_email_template(
"course/broken-code-question-email.txt", {
"site": settings.RELATE_BASE_URL,
"page_id": self.page_desc.id,
"course": page_context.course,
"error_message": error_msg,
"review_uri": page_context.page_uri,
"time": format_datetime_local(local_now())
})
if (
not page_context.in_sandbox
and not is_nuisance_failure(response_dict)):
try:
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
msg = EmailMessage("".join(["[%s:%s] ",
_("code question execution failed")])
% (
page_context.course.identifier,
page_context.flow_session.flow_id
if page_context.flow_session is not None
else _("<unknown flow>")),
message,
settings.ROBOT_EMAIL_FROM,
[page_context.course.notify_email])
from relate.utils import get_outbound_mail_connection
msg.connection = get_outbound_mail_connection("robot")
msg.send()
except Exception:
from traceback import format_exc
feedback_bits.append(
str(string_concat(
"<p>",
_(
"Both the grading code and the attempt to "
"notify course staff about the issue failed. "
"Please contact the course or site staff and "
"inform them of this issue, mentioning this "
"entire error message:"),
"</p>",
"<p>",
_(
"Sending an email to the course staff about the "
"following failure failed with "
"the following error message:"),
"<pre>",
"".join(format_exc()),
"</pre>",
_("The original failure message follows:"),
"</p>")))
# }}}
if hasattr(self.page_desc, "correct_code"):
def normalize_code(s):
return (s
.replace(" ", "")
.replace("\r", "")
.replace("\n", "")
.replace("\t", ""))
if (normalize_code(user_code)
== normalize_code(self.page_desc.correct_code)):
feedback_bits.append(
"<p><b>%s</b></p>"
% _("It looks like you submitted code that is identical to "
"the reference solution. This is not allowed."))
from relate.utils import dict_to_struct
response = dict_to_struct(response_dict)
bulk_feedback_bits = []
if response.result == "success":
pass
elif response.result in [
"uncaught_error",
"setup_compile_error",
"setup_error",
"test_compile_error",
"test_error"]:
feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_(
"The grading code failed. Sorry about that. "
"The staff has been informed, and if this problem is "
"due to an issue with the grading code, "
"it will be fixed as soon as possible. "
"In the meantime, you'll see a traceback "
"below that may help you figure out what went wrong."
),
"</p>"]))
elif response.result == "timeout":
feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_(
"Your code took too long to execute. The problem "
"specifies that your code may take at most %s seconds "
"to run. "
"It took longer than that and was aborted."
),
"</p>"])
% self.page_desc.timeout)
correctness = 0
elif response.result == "user_compile_error":
feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_("Your code failed to compile. An error message is "
"below."),
"</p>"]))
correctness = 0
elif response.result == "user_error":
feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_("Your code failed with an exception. "
"A traceback is below."),
"</p>"]))
correctness = 0
else:
raise RuntimeError("invalid run result: %s" % response.result)
if hasattr(response, "feedback") and response.feedback:
def sanitize(s):
import bleach
return bleach.clean(s, tags=["p", "pre"])
feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_("Here is some feedback on your code"),
":"
"<ul>%s</ul></p>"]) %
"".join(
"<li>%s</li>" % sanitize(fb_item)
for fb_item in response.feedback))
if hasattr(response, "traceback") and response.traceback:
feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_("This is the exception traceback"),
":"
"<pre>%s</pre></p>"]) % escape(response.traceback))
if hasattr(response, "exec_host") and response.exec_host != "localhost":
import socket
try:
exec_host_name, dummy, dummy = socket.gethostbyaddr(
response.exec_host)
except OSError:
exec_host_name = response.exec_host
feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_("Your code ran on %s.") % exec_host_name,
"</p>"]))
if hasattr(response, "stdout") and response.stdout:
bulk_feedback_bits.append("".join([
"<p>",
_("Your code printed the following output"),
":"
"<pre>%s</pre></p>"])
% escape(response.stdout))
if hasattr(response, "stderr") and response.stderr:
bulk_feedback_bits.append("".join([