ImmutableSetMultimap.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.concurrent.LazyInit;
import com.google.j2objc.annotations.RetainedWith;
import com.google.j2objc.annotations.Weak;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * A {@link SetMultimap} whose contents will never change, with many other important properties
 * detailed at {@link ImmutableCollection}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/ImmutableCollectionsExplained">
 * immutable collections</a>.
 *
 * @author Mike Ward
 * @since 2.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(serializable = true, emulated = true)
public class ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> extends ImmutableMultimap<K, V>
    implements SetMultimap<K, V> {
  /**
   * Returns a {@link Collector} that accumulates elements into an {@code ImmutableSetMultimap}
   * whose keys and values are the result of applying the provided mapping functions to the input
   * elements.
   *
   * <p>For streams with {@linkplain java.util.stream#Ordering defined encounter order}, that order
   * is preserved, but entries are {@linkplain ImmutableMultimap#iteration grouped by key}.
   *
   * Example:
   * <pre>   {@code
   *
   *   static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *       Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")
   *           .collect(toImmutableSetMultimap(str -> str.charAt(0), str -> str.substring(1)));
   *
   *   // is equivalent to
   *
   *   static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *       new ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<Character, String>()
   *           .put('b', "anana")
   *           .putAll('a', "pple", "sparagus")
   *           .putAll('c', "arrot", "herry")
   *           .build();}</pre>
   * @since 21.0
   */
  @Beta
  public static <T, K, V> Collector<T, ?, ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V>> toImmutableSetMultimap(
      Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyFunction,
      Function<? super T, ? extends V> valueFunction) {
    checkNotNull(keyFunction, "keyFunction");
    checkNotNull(valueFunction, "valueFunction");
    return Collector.of(
        ImmutableSetMultimap::<K, V>builder,
        (builder, t) -> builder.put(keyFunction.apply(t), valueFunction.apply(t)),
        ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder::combine,
        ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder::build);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code Collector} accumulating entries into an {@code ImmutableSetMultimap}. Each
   * input element is mapped to a key and a stream of values, each of which are put into the
   * resulting {@code Multimap}, in the encounter order of the stream and the encounter order of the
   * streams of values.
   *
   * <p>Example:
   *
   * <pre>{@code
   * static final ImmutableSetMultimap<Character, Character> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")
   *         .collect(
   *             flatteningToImmutableSetMultimap(
   *                  str -> str.charAt(0),
   *                  str -> str.substring(1).chars().mapToObj(c -> (char) c));
   *
   * // is equivalent to
   *
   * static final ImmutableSetMultimap<Character, Character> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     ImmutableSetMultimap.<Character, Character>builder()
   *         .putAll('b', Arrays.asList('a', 'n', 'a', 'n', 'a'))
   *         .putAll('a', Arrays.asList('p', 'p', 'l', 'e'))
   *         .putAll('c', Arrays.asList('a', 'r', 'r', 'o', 't'))
   *         .putAll('a', Arrays.asList('s', 'p', 'a', 'r', 'a', 'g', 'u', 's'))
   *         .putAll('c', Arrays.asList('h', 'e', 'r', 'r', 'y'))
   *         .build();
   *
   * // after deduplication, the resulting multimap is equivalent to
   *
   * static final ImmutableSetMultimap<Character, Character> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     ImmutableSetMultimap.<Character, Character>builder()
   *         .putAll('b', Arrays.asList('a', 'n'))
   *         .putAll('a', Arrays.asList('p', 'l', 'e', 's', 'a', 'r', 'g', 'u'))
   *         .putAll('c', Arrays.asList('a', 'r', 'o', 't', 'h', 'e', 'y'))
   *         .build();
   * }
   * }</pre>
   *
   * @since 21.0
   */
  @Beta
  public static <T, K, V>
      Collector<T, ?, ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V>> flatteningToImmutableSetMultimap(
          Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyFunction,
          Function<? super T, ? extends Stream<? extends V>> valuesFunction) {
    checkNotNull(keyFunction);
    checkNotNull(valuesFunction);
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
        Multimaps.flatteningToMultimap(
            input -> checkNotNull(keyFunction.apply(input)),
            input -> valuesFunction.apply(input).peek(Preconditions::checkNotNull),
            MultimapBuilder.linkedHashKeys().linkedHashSetValues()::<K, V>build),
        ImmutableSetMultimap::copyOf);
  }

  /** Returns the empty multimap. */
  // Casting is safe because the multimap will never hold any elements.
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> of() {
    return (ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V>) EmptyImmutableSetMultimap.INSTANCE;
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable multimap containing a single entry.
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> of(K k1, V v1) {
    ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<K, V> builder = ImmutableSetMultimap.builder();
    builder.put(k1, v1);
    return builder.build();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable multimap containing the given entries, in order.
   * Repeated occurrences of an entry (according to {@link Object#equals}) after
   * the first are ignored.
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2) {
    ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<K, V> builder = ImmutableSetMultimap.builder();
    builder.put(k1, v1);
    builder.put(k2, v2);
    return builder.build();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable multimap containing the given entries, in order.
   * Repeated occurrences of an entry (according to {@link Object#equals}) after
   * the first are ignored.
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> of(K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3) {
    ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<K, V> builder = ImmutableSetMultimap.builder();
    builder.put(k1, v1);
    builder.put(k2, v2);
    builder.put(k3, v3);
    return builder.build();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable multimap containing the given entries, in order.
   * Repeated occurrences of an entry (according to {@link Object#equals}) after
   * the first are ignored.
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> of(
      K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4) {
    ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<K, V> builder = ImmutableSetMultimap.builder();
    builder.put(k1, v1);
    builder.put(k2, v2);
    builder.put(k3, v3);
    builder.put(k4, v4);
    return builder.build();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable multimap containing the given entries, in order.
   * Repeated occurrences of an entry (according to {@link Object#equals}) after
   * the first are ignored.
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> of(
      K k1, V v1, K k2, V v2, K k3, V v3, K k4, V v4, K k5, V v5) {
    ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<K, V> builder = ImmutableSetMultimap.builder();
    builder.put(k1, v1);
    builder.put(k2, v2);
    builder.put(k3, v3);
    builder.put(k4, v4);
    builder.put(k5, v5);
    return builder.build();
  }

  // looking for of() with > 5 entries? Use the builder instead.

  /**
   * Returns a new {@link Builder}.
   */
  public static <K, V> Builder<K, V> builder() {
    return new Builder<K, V>();
  }

  /**
   * A builder for creating immutable {@code SetMultimap} instances, especially
   * {@code public static final} multimaps ("constant multimaps"). Example:
   * <pre>   {@code
   *
   *   static final Multimap<String, Integer> STRING_TO_INTEGER_MULTIMAP =
   *       new ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<String, Integer>()
   *           .put("one", 1)
   *           .putAll("several", 1, 2, 3)
   *           .putAll("many", 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
   *           .build();}</pre>
   *
   * <p>Builder instances can be reused; it is safe to call {@link #build} multiple
   * times to build multiple multimaps in series. Each multimap contains the
   * key-value mappings in the previously created multimaps.
   *
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public static final class Builder<K, V> extends ImmutableMultimap.Builder<K, V> {
    /**
     * Creates a new builder. The returned builder is equivalent to the builder
     * generated by {@link ImmutableSetMultimap#builder}.
     */
    public Builder() {
      super(MultimapBuilder.linkedHashKeys().linkedHashSetValues().<K, V>build());
    }

    /**
     * Adds a key-value mapping to the built multimap if it is not already
     * present.
     */
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> put(K key, V value) {
      builderMultimap.put(checkNotNull(key), checkNotNull(value));
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an entry to the built multimap if it is not already present.
     *
     * @since 11.0
     */
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> put(Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> entry) {
      builderMultimap.put(checkNotNull(entry.getKey()), checkNotNull(entry.getValue()));
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @since 19.0
     */
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Beta
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> putAll(Iterable<? extends Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>> entries) {
      super.putAll(entries);
      return this;
    }

    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> putAll(K key, Iterable<? extends V> values) {
      Collection<V> collection = builderMultimap.get(checkNotNull(key));
      for (V value : values) {
        collection.add(checkNotNull(value));
      }
      return this;
    }

    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> putAll(K key, V... values) {
      return putAll(key, Arrays.asList(values));
    }

    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> putAll(Multimap<? extends K, ? extends V> multimap) {
      for (Entry<? extends K, ? extends Collection<? extends V>> entry :
          multimap.asMap().entrySet()) {
        putAll(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      }
      return this;
    }

    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    Builder<K, V> combine(ImmutableMultimap.Builder<K, V> other) {
      super.combine(other);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @since 8.0
     */
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> orderKeysBy(Comparator<? super K> keyComparator) {
      this.keyComparator = checkNotNull(keyComparator);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies the ordering of the generated multimap's values for each key.
     *
     * <p>If this method is called, the sets returned by the {@code get()}
     * method of the generated multimap and its {@link Multimap#asMap()} view
     * are {@link ImmutableSortedSet} instances. However, serialization does not
     * preserve that property, though it does maintain the key and value
     * ordering.
     *
     * @since 8.0
     */
    // TODO: Make serialization behavior consistent.
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public Builder<K, V> orderValuesBy(Comparator<? super V> valueComparator) {
      super.orderValuesBy(valueComparator);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a newly-created immutable set multimap.
     */
    @Override
    public ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> build() {
      if (keyComparator != null) {
        Multimap<K, V> sortedCopy =
            MultimapBuilder.linkedHashKeys().linkedHashSetValues().<K, V>build();
        List<Map.Entry<K, Collection<V>>> entries =
            Ordering.from(keyComparator)
                .<K>onKeys()
                .immutableSortedCopy(builderMultimap.asMap().entrySet());
        for (Map.Entry<K, Collection<V>> entry : entries) {
          sortedCopy.putAll(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        }
        builderMultimap = sortedCopy;
      }
      return copyOf(builderMultimap, valueComparator);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable set multimap containing the same mappings as
   * {@code multimap}. The generated multimap's key and value orderings
   * correspond to the iteration ordering of the {@code multimap.asMap()} view.
   * Repeated occurrences of an entry in the multimap after the first are
   * ignored.
   *
   * <p>Despite the method name, this method attempts to avoid actually copying
   * the data when it is safe to do so. The exact circumstances under which a
   * copy will or will not be performed are undocumented and subject to change.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any key or value in {@code multimap} is
   *     null
   */
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> copyOf(
      Multimap<? extends K, ? extends V> multimap) {
    return copyOf(multimap, null);
  }

  private static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> copyOf(
      Multimap<? extends K, ? extends V> multimap, Comparator<? super V> valueComparator) {
    checkNotNull(multimap); // eager for GWT
    if (multimap.isEmpty() && valueComparator == null) {
      return of();
    }

    if (multimap instanceof ImmutableSetMultimap) {
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe since multimap is not writable
      ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> kvMultimap = (ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V>) multimap;
      if (!kvMultimap.isPartialView()) {
        return kvMultimap;
      }
    }

    ImmutableMap.Builder<K, ImmutableSet<V>> builder =
        new ImmutableMap.Builder<K, ImmutableSet<V>>(multimap.asMap().size());
    int size = 0;

    for (Entry<? extends K, ? extends Collection<? extends V>> entry :
        multimap.asMap().entrySet()) {
      K key = entry.getKey();
      Collection<? extends V> values = entry.getValue();
      ImmutableSet<V> set = valueSet(valueComparator, values);
      if (!set.isEmpty()) {
        builder.put(key, set);
        size += set.size();
      }
    }

    return new ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V>(builder.build(), size, valueComparator);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable multimap containing the specified entries.  The
   * returned multimap iterates over keys in the order they were first
   * encountered in the input, and the values for each key are iterated in the
   * order they were encountered.  If two values for the same key are
   * {@linkplain Object#equals equal}, the first value encountered is used.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any key, value, or entry is null
   * @since 19.0
   */
  @Beta
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> copyOf(
      Iterable<? extends Entry<? extends K, ? extends V>> entries) {
    return new Builder<K, V>().putAll(entries).build();
  }

  /**
   * Returned by get() when a missing key is provided. Also holds the
   * comparator, if any, used for values.
   */
  private final transient ImmutableSet<V> emptySet;

  ImmutableSetMultimap(
      ImmutableMap<K, ImmutableSet<V>> map,
      int size,
      @Nullable Comparator<? super V> valueComparator) {
    super(map, size);
    this.emptySet = emptySet(valueComparator);
  }

  // views

  /**
   * Returns an immutable set of the values for the given key.  If no mappings
   * in the multimap have the provided key, an empty immutable set is returned.
   * The values are in the same order as the parameters used to build this
   * multimap.
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableSet<V> get(@Nullable K key) {
    // This cast is safe as its type is known in constructor.
    ImmutableSet<V> set = (ImmutableSet<V>) map.get(key);
    return MoreObjects.firstNonNull(set, emptySet);
  }

  @LazyInit
  @RetainedWith
  private transient ImmutableSetMultimap<V, K> inverse;

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p>Because an inverse of a set multimap cannot contain multiple pairs with
   * the same key and value, this method returns an {@code ImmutableSetMultimap}
   * rather than the {@code ImmutableMultimap} specified in the {@code
   * ImmutableMultimap} class.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  public ImmutableSetMultimap<V, K> inverse() {
    ImmutableSetMultimap<V, K> result = inverse;
    return (result == null) ? (inverse = invert()) : result;
  }

  private ImmutableSetMultimap<V, K> invert() {
    Builder<V, K> builder = builder();
    for (Entry<K, V> entry : entries()) {
      builder.put(entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());
    }
    ImmutableSetMultimap<V, K> invertedMultimap = builder.build();
    invertedMultimap.inverse = this;
    return invertedMultimap;
  }

  /**
   * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the multimap unmodified.
   *
   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always
   * @deprecated Unsupported operation.
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Deprecated
  @Override
  public ImmutableSet<V> removeAll(Object key) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
  }

  /**
   * Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the multimap unmodified.
   *
   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always
   * @deprecated Unsupported operation.
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Deprecated
  @Override
  public ImmutableSet<V> replaceValues(K key, Iterable<? extends V> values) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
  }

  private transient ImmutableSet<Entry<K, V>> entries;

  /**
   * Returns an immutable collection of all key-value pairs in the multimap.
   * Its iterator traverses the values for the first key, the values for the
   * second key, and so on.
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableSet<Entry<K, V>> entries() {
    ImmutableSet<Entry<K, V>> result = entries;
    return result == null ? (entries = new EntrySet<K, V>(this)) : result;
  }

  private static final class EntrySet<K, V> extends ImmutableSet<Entry<K, V>> {
    @Weak private final transient ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> multimap;

    EntrySet(ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> multimap) {
      this.multimap = multimap;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(@Nullable Object object) {
      if (object instanceof Entry) {
        Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry<?, ?>) object;
        return multimap.containsEntry(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
      return multimap.size();
    }

    @Override
    public UnmodifiableIterator<Entry<K, V>> iterator() {
      return multimap.entryIterator();
    }

    @Override
    boolean isPartialView() {
      return false;
    }
  }

  private static <V> ImmutableSet<V> valueSet(
      @Nullable Comparator<? super V> valueComparator, Collection<? extends V> values) {
    return (valueComparator == null)
        ? ImmutableSet.copyOf(values)
        : ImmutableSortedSet.copyOf(valueComparator, values);
  }

  private static <V> ImmutableSet<V> emptySet(@Nullable Comparator<? super V> valueComparator) {
    return (valueComparator == null)
        ? ImmutableSet.<V>of()
        : ImmutableSortedSet.<V>emptySet(valueComparator);
  }

  private static <V> ImmutableSet.Builder<V> valuesBuilder(
      @Nullable Comparator<? super V> valueComparator) {
    return (valueComparator == null)
        ? new ImmutableSet.Builder<V>()
        : new ImmutableSortedSet.Builder<V>(valueComparator);
  }

  /**
   * @serialData number of distinct keys, and then for each distinct key: the
   *     key, the number of values for that key, and the key's values
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.io.ObjectOutputStream
  private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream stream) throws IOException {
    stream.defaultWriteObject();
    stream.writeObject(valueComparator());
    Serialization.writeMultimap(this, stream);
  }

  @Nullable
  Comparator<? super V> valueComparator() {
    return emptySet instanceof ImmutableSortedSet
        ? ((ImmutableSortedSet<V>) emptySet).comparator()
        : null;
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // java.io.ObjectInputStream
  // Serialization type safety is at the caller's mercy.
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    stream.defaultReadObject();
    Comparator<Object> valueComparator = (Comparator<Object>) stream.readObject();
    int keyCount = stream.readInt();
    if (keyCount < 0) {
      throw new InvalidObjectException("Invalid key count " + keyCount);
    }
    ImmutableMap.Builder<Object, ImmutableSet<Object>> builder = ImmutableMap.builder();
    int tmpSize = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < keyCount; i++) {
      Object key = stream.readObject();
      int valueCount = stream.readInt();
      if (valueCount <= 0) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Invalid value count " + valueCount);
      }

      ImmutableSet.Builder<Object> valuesBuilder = valuesBuilder(valueComparator);
      for (int j = 0; j < valueCount; j++) {
        valuesBuilder.add(stream.readObject());
      }
      ImmutableSet<Object> valueSet = valuesBuilder.build();
      if (valueSet.size() != valueCount) {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Duplicate key-value pairs exist for key " + key);
      }
      builder.put(key, valueSet);
      tmpSize += valueCount;
    }

    ImmutableMap<Object, ImmutableSet<Object>> tmpMap;
    try {
      tmpMap = builder.build();
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
      throw (InvalidObjectException) new InvalidObjectException(e.getMessage()).initCause(e);
    }

    FieldSettersHolder.MAP_FIELD_SETTER.set(this, tmpMap);
    FieldSettersHolder.SIZE_FIELD_SETTER.set(this, tmpSize);
    FieldSettersHolder.EMPTY_SET_FIELD_SETTER.set(this, emptySet(valueComparator));
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // not needed in emulated source.
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
}