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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Node.js - 最新Web技术栈</title>
<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/black.css" id="theme">
<!-- Code syntax highlighting -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1>Node && js = 全栈</h1>
<p>高可用架构专用</p>
<p>
<small>Created by <a href="https://cnodejs.org/user/i5ting">i5ting</a> / <a href="http://github.com/i5ting">@i5ting</a></small>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<section data-background="#dddddd">
<h2>Abount Me</h2>
<p>
i5ting 一个开源爱好者
</p>
<a href="#" class="navigate-down">
<img width="600" height="338" data-src="images/me.png" alt="Down arrow">
</a>
</section>
<section data-background="#dddddd">
<h2>Node全栈公众号</h2>
<p>
<p>什么是全栈?一直站在前面讲么?</p>
<br>
<img src='images/nodeonly-wechat.png'/>
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Oh hey, these are some notes. They'll be hidden in your presentation, but you can see them if you open the speaker notes window (hit 's' on your keyboard).
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
## 主要内容
1. Why Node.js ?
1. 我眼中的Node.js核心
1. 快速开发实践
1. 全栈 or 全烂 ?
1. 未来
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 推荐技术栈
- express 4.x (express最新版本,初学者先别去碰koa)
- mongoose(mongodb)
- bluebird(Promise/A+实现)
- jade(视图层模板)
- mocha(测试)
- node-inspector(调试)
https://github.com/i5ting/express-starter
</section>
</section>
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="zoom">
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="zoom">
<h2>Part 1:Why Node.js ?</h2>
<p>
以前?现在?
</p>
<pre><code>已经7岁的Node.js,你还熟悉么?</code></pre>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 以前我们总是喜欢拿异步说事儿
- event-driven
- non-blocking I/O
结果,今天。。。各种【异步模型】烂大街了
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 今天,我们拿什么吹牛呢?
```
Node.js' package ecosystem, npm, is the largest ecosystem
of open source libraries in the world.
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 为什么我们选择Node.js ?
即使不优化,性能比其他语言好
即使优化,也比其他语言简单
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 我们的瓶颈在哪里 ?
- 人(天津招不到人)
- 开发速度(创业公司,跑。。。)
- 传承(以后也要)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## http verbs -1
verbs = 动词
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
```
app.get('/user:id', function (req, res) {
res.send('Hello World!');
});
app.post('/user/create', function (req, res) {
res.send('Got a POST request');
});
app.put('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
res.send('Got a PUT request at /user');
});
app.delete('/user/:id', function (req, res) {
res.send('Got a DELETE request at /user');
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## http verbs -2
链式写法?
```
router.route('/')
.get($.list)
.post($.create);
```
all代表什么?
```
router.all('/new', $.new);
```
更多node里的verbs(26个),见 https://github.com/jshttp/methods/blob/master/index.js
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## http status code
- http://www.restapitutorial.com/httpstatuscodes.html
- https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/blob/master/lib/_http_server.js
```
500 : 'Internal Server Error',
403 : 'Forbidden',
404 : 'Not Found',
304 : 'Not Modified',
200 : 'OK',
app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){
res.status(200).json({
a : 1,
b : 2
});
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## req取参数的3种方法
expressjs里的请求参数,4.x里只有3种
- req.params
- req.body
- req.query
- 已经废弃的api:req.param
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- req.params
```
app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){
res.send('user ' + req.params.id);
});
```
俗点:取带冒号的参数
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- req.body
```
var app = require('express')();
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.json()); // for parsing application/json
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // for parsing application/x-www-form-urlencoded
app.post('/', function (req, res) {
console.log(req.body);
res.json(req.body);
})
```
可以肯定的一点是req.body一定是post请求,express里依赖的中间件必须有bodyParser,不然req.body是没有的。
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- req.query
```
// GET /search?q=tobi+ferret
req.query.q
// => "tobi ferret"
// GET /shoes?order=desc&shoe[color]=blue&shoe[type]=converse
req.query.order
// => "desc"
req.query.shoe.color
// => "blue"
req.query.shoe.type
// => "converse"
```
query是querystring
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- req.query不一定是get
```
// POST /search?q=tobi+ferret
{a:1,b:2}
req.query.q
// => "tobi ferret"
```
post里的数据看不到得,需要用req.body取
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 3种不同类型的post
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- Post with x-www-form-urlencoded
see post.html
```
$.ajaxSetup({
contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8"
});
$.post("/users/post", { name: "i5a6", time: "2pm" },
function(data){
console.log(data);
}, "json");
```
in routes/users.js
```
router.post('/post', function(req, res) {
// res.send('respond with a resource');
res.json(req.body);
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
#### Post with form-data 主要目的是为了上传
```
var express = require('express')
var multer = require('multer')
var app = express()
app.use(multer({ dest: './uploads/'}))
```
You can access the fields and files in the request object
```
router.post('/post-form-data', function(req, res) {
console.log(req.body)
console.log(req.files)
});
```
Multer will not process any form which is not multipart/form-data
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- Post with raw
To get the raw body content of a request with Content-Type: "text/plain" into req.rawBody you can do:
```
var express = require('./')
var app = express();
app.use(function(req, res, next){
if (req.is('text/*')) {
req.text = '';
req.setEncoding('utf8');
req.on('data', function(chunk){ req.text += chunk });
req.on('end', next);
} else {
next();
}
});
app.post('/', function(req, res){
res.send('got "' + req.text + '"');
});
app.listen(3000)
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 命令行玩法
```
#! /bin/bash
echo -n "post common"
curl -d "a=1&b=2" http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post
echo -n 'post formdata'
curl -F 'pic=@"img/post-common.png"' -F 'a=1' -F 'b=2' http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post/formdata
echo -n 'post raw json'
curl -d "{"a":"1","b":"2","c":{"a":"1","b":"2"}}" http://127.0.0.1:3001/users/post
```
如不清楚,请 `man curl`.
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## supertest用法
https://github.com/expressjs/restful-router/blob/master/test/restful-router.test.js
```
var request = require('supertest');
var app = require('../example/app');
describe('restful-router.test.js', function () {
it('should get /users/new => user.new', function (done) {
request(app)
.get('/users/new')
.expect('GET /users/new => new, query: {}')
.expect(200, done);
});
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## what is rest?
参考阮一峰的文章http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/09/restful.html
```
/**
* Auto generate RESTful url routes.
*
* URL routes:
*
* GET /topics[/] => topic.list()
* GET /topics/new => topic.new()
* GET /topics/:id => topic.show()
* GET /topics/:id/edit => topic.edit()
* POST /topics[/] => topic.create()
* PATCH /topics/:id => topic.update()
* DELETE /topics/:id => topic.destroy()
*
*/
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## restful api or res.api?
res.api is an express middleware for render json api , it convention over api format like this :
```
{
data: {
},
status: {
code : x,
msg : 'some message'
}
}
```
- 客户端 API 开发总结 https://cnodejs.org/topic/552b3b9382388cec50cf6d95
- res.api用法说明 https://cnodejs.org/topic/55818a0c395a0c1812f18273
</section>
<section>
<h2>如果还不懂http协议?</h2>
花点时间会用个软件就能学会,有兴趣吗?
<p class="fragment">
推荐Postman
<img width="1000" height="538" data-src="images/postman.png" alt="Down arrow">
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>如果还还不懂http协议?</h2>
看书吧
<p class="fragment">推荐1
<a href='http://ccbikai.gitbooks.io/http-book/content/index.html'>《HTTP下午茶》
</a>
</p>
<p class="fragment">推荐2
<a href='http://product.china-pub.com/3769819'>《图解HTTP》
</a>
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#b5533c" data-background-transition="zoom">
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#b5533c" data-background-transition="zoom">
<h2>Part 2:我眼中的Node.js核心</h2>
<p>
MEAN
</p>
<li>异步流程控制
<li>cli(scaffold)
<li>web framework
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- mongoose用法
```
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/test');
var Cat = mongoose.model('Cat', { name: String });
var kitty = new Cat({ name: 'Zildjian' });
kitty.save(function (err) {
if (err) // ...
console.log('meow');
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## crud(增删改查)
- save
- find | findOne
- update
- remove
```
Kitten.find({ name: /^Fluff/ }, callback)
Comment.remove({ title: 'baby born from alien father' }, callback);
MyModel.update({ age: { $gt: 18 } }, { oldEnough: true }, fn);
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解分页
常见写法
```
db.users.find().skip(pagesize*(n-1)).limit(pagesize)
```
更好的写法
```
db.usermodels.find({'_id' :{
"$gt" :ObjectId("55940ae59c39572851075bfd")}
}).limit(20).sort({_id:-1})
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解关系(1对1,1对多)在mongoose里如何实现
```
UserSchema = new Schema({
...
contacts:[]
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解关系(1对1,1对多,多对多)在mongoose里如何实现
```
ContactSchema = new Schema({
...
owner: {
type: Schema.ObjectId,
required: true,
index: true
}
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解populate
```
ContactSchema = new Schema({
...
owner: {
type: Schema.ObjectId,
ref: ‘user’
}
});
ContactSchema.find({}).populate(‘owner’).exec(callback);
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 扩展mongoose模型:statics类方法
```
UserSchema.statics.find_by_openid = function(openid, cb) {
return this.findOne({
openid: openid
}, cb);
};
```
调用
```
User.find_by_openid(openid, cb)
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 扩展mongoose模型:methods对象方法
```
UserSchema.methods.is_exist = function(cb) {
var query;
query = {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
};
return this.model('UserModel').findOne(query, cb);
};
```
调用
```
var user = new User({});
user.is_exist(cb)
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- hook.js
- 了解pre和post的差别
```
UserSchema.pre('save', function(next) {
var user = this;
if (!user.isModified('password')) return next();
bcrypt.genSalt(SALT_WORK_FACTOR, function(err, salt) {
if (err) return next(err);
bcrypt.hash(user.password, salt, function (err, hash) {
if (err) return next(err);
user.password = hash;
next();
});
});
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解virtual属性
```
UserSchema.virtual('is_valid').get(function(){
console.log('phone_number = ' +this.phone_number)
if(this.phone_number == undefined | this.invite_code == undefined){
return false;
}
return this.invite_code.length >= 2 && this.phone_number > 0
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解mongoose的插件机制
```
// lastMod.js
module.exports = exports = function lastModifiedPlugin (schema, options) {
schema.add({ lastMod: Date })
schema.pre('save', function (next) {
this.lastMod = new Date
next()
})
if (options && options.index) {
schema.path('lastMod').index(options.index)
}
}
```
调用
```
// game-schema.js
var lastMod = require('./lastMod');
var Game = new Schema({ ... });
Game.plugin(lastMod, { index: true });
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解索引优化
```
ContactSchema = new Schema({
...
owner: {
type: Schema.ObjectId,
required: true,
index: true
}
});
```
也可以这样的
```
ContactSchema.ensureIndexes(owner);
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解explain
```
db.usermodels.find({
'_id' :{
"$gt" :ObjectId("55940ae59c39572851075bfd")
}
}).explain()
关注点
- stage:查询策略
- nReturned:返回的文档行数
- needTime:耗时(毫秒)
- indexBounds:所用的索引
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解profile
```
profile级别有三种:
- 0:不开启
- 1:记录慢命令,默认为大于100ms
- 2:记录所有命令
- 3、查询profiling记录
```
开启
db.setProfilingLevel(2, 20)
默认记录在system.profile中
db['system.profile'].find()
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 了解mongodb的部署
- replset
- shard
```
我写的《 mongodb运维之副本集实践》
https://cnodejs.org/topic/5590adbbebf9c92d17e734de
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## mongoosedao
模型
```
var TopModel = mongoose.model('TopModel', TopSchema);
var TopModelDao = new MongooseDao(TopModel);
module.exports = TopModelDao;
```
用法
```
require('./db');
var User = require('./User');
User.create({"username":"sss","password":"password"},function(err, user){
console.log(user);
});
User.delete({"username":"sss"},function(err, user){
console.log(user);
});
```
https://github.com/moajs/mongoosedao
</section>
</section>
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#9c56b9" data-background-transition="zoom">
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#9c56b9" data-background-transition="zoom">
<h2>Part 3:快速开发实践</h2>
<p>
A promise is defined as an object that has a function as the value for the property then: then(fulfilledHandler, errorHandler, progressHandler)
</p>
<pre><code style="word-wrap: break-word;">http://promisesaplus.com/</code></pre>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- mvc还是那个mvc
![](images/mvc.png)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 代码结构
![](images/models.png)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解jquery里的then和$.deferred
```
function successFunc(){ console.log( “success!” ); }
function failureFunc(){ console.log( “failure!” ); }
$.when(
$.ajax( "/main.php" ),
$.ajax( "/modules.php" ),
$.ajax( “/lists.php” )
).then( successFunc, failureFunc );
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 了解的node的异步
- 一切都是异步的
- 同步是奢求,要查Api
![](images/api.png)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 了解异步的恶心
> 1. 用户登录 2. 增加用户日志 3. 更新用户登录次数
![](images/cb.png)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 如果用promise写呢?
![](images/cb_with_promise.png)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 如何实现一个promise库
- 了解的then
```
var promise = {
okCallbacks: [],
koCallbacks: [],
then: function (okCallback, koCallback) {
okCallbacks.push(okCallback);
if (koCallback) {
koCallbacks.push(koCallback);
}
}
}
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 如何实现一个promise库
- 了解的resolve和reject
```
var defer = {
promise: promise,
resolve: function (data) {
this.promise.okCallbacks.forEach(function(callback) {
window.setTimeout(function () {
callback(data)
}, 0);
});
},
reject: function (error) {
this.promise.koCallbacks.forEach(function(callback) {
window.setTimeout(function () {
callback(error)
}, 0);
});
}
};
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## 如何实现一个promise库
- 测试代码
```
function test() {
var defer = new Defer();
// an example of an async call
serverCall(function (request) {
if (request.status === 200) {
defer.resolve(request.responseText);
} else {
defer.reject(new Error("Status code was " + request.status));
}
});
return defer.promise;
}
test().then(function (text) {
alert(text);
}, function (error) {
alert(error.message);
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解异步基本场景,比如waterfall这样的路程使用async如何处理
```
var async = require('async');
async.waterfall([
function(callback) {
callback(null, 'one', 'two');
},
function(arg1, arg2, callback) {
// arg1 now equals 'one' and arg2 now equals 'two'
callback(null, 'three');
},
function(arg1, callback) {
// arg1 now equals 'three'
callback(null, 'done');
}
], function (err, result) {
// result now equals 'done'
});
```
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解q和bluebird用法(如果有angularjs经验,推荐q,其他只推荐bluebird)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
- 了解bluebird的promisifyAll用法
```
//Read more about promisification in the API Reference:
//API.md
var fs = Promise.promisifyAll(require("fs"));
fs.readFileAsync("myfile.json").then(JSON.parse).then(function (json) {
console.log("Successful json");
}).catch(SyntaxError, function (e) {
console.error("file contains invalid json");
}).catch(Promise.OperationalError, function (e) {
console.error("unable to read file, because: ", e.message);