12c(linuxamd64_12102_database_se2)。
参考系统:
[root@centos7 ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: centos7.example.com
Icon name: computer
Chassis: n/a
Machine ID: 583b4d69eaea465ea4bb96ac3b891e15
Boot ID: 931ed1af622046ebbde071a87844a7d5
Virtualization: kvm
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-229.11.1.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86_64
成功安装操作系统后,请确认主机名称并在你的 DNS 上登记它。你也可选择在 /etc/hosts 内加入你的 IP 主机名
。
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
centos7.example.com
将 SELinux 维持在 enforcing 模式,并启用防火墙
[root@centos7 ~]# sestatus
SELinux status: enabled
SELinuxfs mount: /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory: /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name: targeted
Current mode: enforcing
Mode from config file: enforcing
Policy MLS status: enabled
Policy deny_unknown status: allowed
Max kernel policy version: 28
[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --state
running
把 CentOS 系统更新至最新组件
[root@centos7 ~]# yum update -y
下载 Oracle 数据库 12c 的 Linux x86-64 版本:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
为 Oracle 数据库创建所须的操作系统用户及群组。
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
在 /etc/sysctl.conf 加入下列内核参数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1987522560
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
检查并运用新的数值。
sysctl -p
sysctl -a
在 /etc/security/limits.conf 为 oracle 用户设置上限
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle soft stack 32768
将 Oracle 数据库软件的 zip 文件(linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip, linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip)解压至 /stage 目录。
mkdir /stage
yum install -y zip unzip
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_1of2.zip -d /stage/
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_2of2.zip -d /stage/
修改 /stage 的权限
chown -R oracle:oinstall /stage/
为 Oracle 软件创建 /u01 目录,及为数据库文件创建 /u02 目录。
mkdir /u01
mkdir /u02
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01
chmod -R 775 /u02
chmod g+s /u01
chmod g+s /u02
安装所须组件:
yum install -y binutils.x86_64 compat-libcap1.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 \
glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 ksh compat-libstdc++-33 libaio.i686 libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 \
libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libXi.i686 libXi.x86_64 \
libXtst.i686 libXtst.x86_64 make.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64 smartmontools.x86_64 nfs-utils
还有安装 X Window System 组件群组。
yum groupinstall -y "X Window System"
由于 Oracle 的安装采用图像界面,你可通过以下三个简单的方法进行。
-
方案 1
通过 SSH 从一台图像化 Linux 计算机远程登录。
ssh -X oracle@centos7.example.com
-
方案 2
利用一台拥有 SSH 客户端(PuTTY)及 X-Windows 终端機仿真器(Xming)的微软 Windows 桌面。
以下文档描述如何在 Windows 系统上安装 Xming。
Xming —— 微软 Windows 计算机下的 X-Windows 终端機仿真器
请采用上述的方案登录为 oracle 用户,然后执行 Oracle 安装程序:
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ /stage/database/runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
-
方案3
请安装xshell + xmanager
在xshell连接--属性--SSH--隧道中,勾选转发X11连接到xmanager
打开xmanager,在属性中把需要连接的IP填到受信主机列表中。
请采用上述的方案登录为 oracle 用户,然后执行 Oracle 安装程序:
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.85:0.0
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ /stage/database/runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
第一步 安全性更新
假若你不想接收来自 Oracle 支持部的电邮,请取消勾选该项目并按 Next。
在新打开的窗口按 YES。
第二步 安装选项
选择 Create and configure a database 并按 Next
第三步 系统级别
选择 Desktop Class 进行缺省的简便 Oracle 数据库安装。
第四步 典型安装
在 Typical Install Configuration 画面,设置以下功能。
参数 | 值 |
---|---|
Oracle base | /u01/app/oracle |
Software location | /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1 |
Database file location | /u02 |
Global database name | orcl.example.com |
另外请设置合适的 Database edition(数据库版本)及 Character set(符集)。请为数据库的管理订立一个安全的口令,最后请取消勾选 Create as Container database 项目。
第五步 创建库存
接纳缺省的 /u01/app/oraInventory 并按 Next。
第六步 检查先决条件
安装程序会自动检查所有必须的操作系统组件及内核设置。
第七部 摘要
这是编辑安装特点的最后机会。请按 Install。
第八步 执行设置脚本
当询问窗口出现时,请登录成为 root 并执行两个脚本:
[root@centos7 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@centos7 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: <PRESS ENTER>
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
You can follow the installation in a separated window.
这两个脚本都必须以 root 的身份来执行。
第九步 安装进度
一个显示安装进度的窗口将会出现。请勿关闭这个窗口。
第十步 顺利完成安装
最后一个画面将会通知你安装已经完成并显示 Oracle 企业级管理员的 URL。
请按 OK 来关闭安装程序。
请登录成为 root 并检查已引导的本地
[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
public
interfaces: eth0
打开相关的端口
[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --add-port=5500/tcp --add-port=5520/tcp --add-port=3938/tcp --permanent
success
[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports
1521/tcp 3938/tcp 5500/tcp 5520/tcp
请登录为 oracle 用户并在 /home/oracle/.bash_profile 内加入下列数值
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
重新装入 bash_profile 来运用新设置值:
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ . .bash_profile
最后请登录数据库:
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ sqlplus system@orcl
... output omitted ...
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
请利用 Oracle 企业级管理员来管理数据库:
https://<主机名称>:5500/em
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ vim listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = IP or Hostname)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl121)
)
)
执行:
[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 09-OCT-2017 03:12:44
Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.92)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date 09-OCT-2017 03:11:33
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 10 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.92)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/admin/orcl121/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl121" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl121", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl121XDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl121", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
create user "JACKGO" identified by ******* profile "DEFAULT" account unlock default tablespace "USERS" temporary tablespace "TEMP";
grant "DBA" to "JACKGO";
grant CREATE USER to "JACKGO";
grant "RESOURCE" to "JACKGO";
grant CREATE ANY TABLE to "JACKGO";
grant CREATE ANY VIEW to "JACKGO";
grant DROP USER to "JACKGO";
grant "CONNECT" to "JACKGO";
grant ALTER USER to "JACKGO";
strace sqlplus -L scott/tiger@orcl 2>&1| grep -i 'open.*tnsnames.ora'
netmgr 或 netca
netmgr功能更全面,切记配SID的时候listener中是区分大小写的!