tplcontext.go

// Copyright 2015 Light Code Labs, LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package httpserver

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/rand"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	mathrand "math/rand"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"path"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"text/template"
	"time"

	"os"

	"github.com/mholt/caddy/caddytls"
	"github.com/russross/blackfriday"
)

// This file contains the context and functions available for
// use in the templates.

// Context is the context with which Caddy templates are executed.
type Context struct {
	Root http.FileSystem
	Req  *http.Request
	URL  *url.URL
	Args []interface{} // defined by arguments to .Include

	// just used for adding preload links for server push
	responseHeader http.Header
}

// NewContextWithHeader creates a context with given response header.
//
// To plugin developer:
// The returned context's exported fileds remain empty,
// you should then initialize them if you want.
func NewContextWithHeader(rh http.Header) Context {
	return Context{
		responseHeader: rh,
	}
}

// Include returns the contents of filename relative to the site root.
func (c Context) Include(filename string, args ...interface{}) (string, error) {
	c.Args = args
	return ContextInclude(filename, c, c.Root)
}

// Now returns the current timestamp in the specified format.
func (c Context) Now(format string) string {
	return time.Now().Format(format)
}

// NowDate returns the current date/time that can be used
// in other time functions.
func (c Context) NowDate() time.Time {
	return time.Now()
}

// Cookie gets the value of a cookie with name name.
func (c Context) Cookie(name string) string {
	cookies := c.Req.Cookies()
	for _, cookie := range cookies {
		if cookie.Name == name {
			return cookie.Value
		}
	}
	return ""
}

// Header gets the value of a request header with field name.
func (c Context) Header(name string) string {
	return c.Req.Header.Get(name)
}

// Hostname gets the (remote) hostname of the client making the request.
func (c Context) Hostname() string {
	ip := c.IP()

	hostnameList, err := net.LookupAddr(ip)
	if err != nil || len(hostnameList) == 0 {
		return c.Req.RemoteAddr
	}

	return hostnameList[0]
}

// Env gets a map of the environment variables.
func (c Context) Env() map[string]string {
	osEnv := os.Environ()
	envVars := make(map[string]string, len(osEnv))
	for _, env := range osEnv {
		data := strings.SplitN(env, "=", 2)
		if len(data) == 2 && len(data[0]) > 0 {
			envVars[data[0]] = data[1]
		}
	}
	return envVars
}

// IP gets the (remote) IP address of the client making the request.
func (c Context) IP() string {
	ip, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(c.Req.RemoteAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return c.Req.RemoteAddr
	}
	return ip
}

// To mock the net.InterfaceAddrs from the test.
var networkInterfacesFn = net.InterfaceAddrs

// ServerIP gets the (local) IP address of the server.
// TODO: The bind directive should be honored in this method (see PR #1474).
func (c Context) ServerIP() string {
	addrs, err := networkInterfacesFn()
	if err != nil {
		return ""
	}

	for _, address := range addrs {
		// Validate the address and check if it's not a loopback
		if ipnet, ok := address.(*net.IPNet); ok && !ipnet.IP.IsLoopback() {
			if ipnet.IP.To4() != nil || ipnet.IP.To16() != nil {
				return ipnet.IP.String()
			}
		}
	}

	return ""
}

// URI returns the raw, unprocessed request URI (including query
// string and hash) obtained directly from the Request-Line of
// the HTTP request.
func (c Context) URI() string {
	return c.Req.RequestURI
}

// Host returns the hostname portion of the Host header
// from the HTTP request.
func (c Context) Host() (string, error) {
	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(c.Req.Host)
	if err != nil {
		if !strings.Contains(c.Req.Host, ":") {
			// common with sites served on the default port 80
			return c.Req.Host, nil
		}
		return "", err
	}
	return host, nil
}

// Port returns the port portion of the Host header if specified.
func (c Context) Port() (string, error) {
	_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(c.Req.Host)
	if err != nil {
		if !strings.Contains(c.Req.Host, ":") {
			// common with sites served on the default port 80
			return HTTPPort, nil
		}
		return "", err
	}
	return port, nil
}

// Method returns the method (GET, POST, etc.) of the request.
func (c Context) Method() string {
	return c.Req.Method
}

// PathMatches returns true if the path portion of the request
// URL matches pattern.
func (c Context) PathMatches(pattern string) bool {
	return Path(c.Req.URL.Path).Matches(pattern)
}

// Truncate truncates the input string to the given length.
// If length is negative, it returns that many characters
// starting from the end of the string. If the absolute value
// of length is greater than len(input), the whole input is
// returned.
func (c Context) Truncate(input string, length int) string {
	if length < 0 && len(input)+length > 0 {
		return input[len(input)+length:]
	}
	if length >= 0 && len(input) > length {
		return input[:length]
	}
	return input
}

// StripHTML returns s without HTML tags. It is fairly naive
// but works with most valid HTML inputs.
func (c Context) StripHTML(s string) string {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	var inTag, inQuotes bool
	var tagStart int
	for i, ch := range s {
		if inTag {
			if ch == '>' && !inQuotes {
				inTag = false
			} else if ch == '<' && !inQuotes {
				// false start
				buf.WriteString(s[tagStart:i])
				tagStart = i
			} else if ch == '"' {
				inQuotes = !inQuotes
			}
			continue
		}
		if ch == '<' {
			inTag = true
			tagStart = i
			continue
		}
		buf.WriteRune(ch)
	}
	if inTag {
		// false start
		buf.WriteString(s[tagStart:])
	}
	return buf.String()
}

// Ext returns the suffix beginning at the final dot in the final
// slash-separated element of the pathStr (or in other words, the
// file extension).
func (c Context) Ext(pathStr string) string {
	return path.Ext(pathStr)
}

// StripExt returns the input string without the extension,
// which is the suffix starting with the final '.' character
// but not before the final path separator ('/') character.
// If there is no extension, the whole input is returned.
func (c Context) StripExt(path string) string {
	for i := len(path) - 1; i >= 0 && path[i] != '/'; i-- {
		if path[i] == '.' {
			return path[:i]
		}
	}
	return path
}

// Replace replaces instances of find in input with replacement.
func (c Context) Replace(input, find, replacement string) string {
	return strings.Replace(input, find, replacement, -1)
}

// Markdown returns the HTML contents of the markdown contained in filename
// (relative to the site root).
func (c Context) Markdown(filename string) (string, error) {
	body, err := c.Include(filename)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	renderer := blackfriday.HtmlRenderer(0, "", "")
	extns := 0
	extns |= blackfriday.EXTENSION_TABLES
	extns |= blackfriday.EXTENSION_FENCED_CODE
	extns |= blackfriday.EXTENSION_STRIKETHROUGH
	extns |= blackfriday.EXTENSION_DEFINITION_LISTS
	markdown := blackfriday.Markdown([]byte(body), renderer, extns)

	return string(markdown), nil
}

// ContextInclude opens filename using fs and executes a template with the context ctx.
// This does the same thing that Context.Include() does, but with the ability to provide
// your own context so that the included files can have access to additional fields your
// type may provide. You can embed Context in your type, then override its Include method
// to call this function with ctx being the instance of your type, and fs being Context.Root.
func ContextInclude(filename string, ctx interface{}, fs http.FileSystem) (string, error) {
	file, err := fs.Open(filename)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	defer file.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	tpl, err := template.New(filename).Funcs(TemplateFuncs).Parse(string(body))
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	buf := includeBufs.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
	buf.Reset()
	defer includeBufs.Put(buf)
	err = tpl.Execute(buf, ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return buf.String(), nil
}

// ToLower will convert the given string to lower case.
func (c Context) ToLower(s string) string {
	return strings.ToLower(s)
}

// ToUpper will convert the given string to upper case.
func (c Context) ToUpper(s string) string {
	return strings.ToUpper(s)
}

// Split is a pass-through to strings.Split. It will split the first argument at each instance of the separator and return a slice of strings.
func (c Context) Split(s string, sep string) []string {
	return strings.Split(s, sep)
}

// Join is a pass-through to strings.Join. It will join the first argument slice with the separator in the second argument and return the result.
func (c Context) Join(a []string, sep string) string {
	return strings.Join(a, sep)
}

// Slice will convert the given arguments into a slice.
func (c Context) Slice(elems ...interface{}) []interface{} {
	return elems
}

// Map will convert the arguments into a map. It expects alternating string keys and values. This is useful for building more complicated data structures
// if you are using subtemplates or things like that.
func (c Context) Map(values ...interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
	if len(values)%2 != 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Map expects an even number of arguments")
	}
	dict := make(map[string]interface{}, len(values)/2)
	for i := 0; i < len(values); i += 2 {
		key, ok := values[i].(string)
		if !ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Map keys must be strings")
		}
		dict[key] = values[i+1]
	}
	return dict, nil
}

// Files reads and returns a slice of names from the given directory
// relative to the root of Context c.
func (c Context) Files(name string) ([]string, error) {
	dir, err := c.Root.Open(path.Clean(name))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer dir.Close()

	stat, err := dir.Stat()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if !stat.IsDir() {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v is not a directory", name)
	}

	dirInfo, err := dir.Readdir(0)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	names := make([]string, len(dirInfo))
	for i, fileInfo := range dirInfo {
		names[i] = fileInfo.Name()
	}

	return names, nil
}

// IsMITM returns true if it seems likely that the TLS connection
// is being intercepted.
func (c Context) IsMITM() bool {
	if val, ok := c.Req.Context().Value(MitmCtxKey).(bool); ok {
		return val
	}
	return false
}

// RandomString generates a random string of random length given
// length bounds. Thanks to http://stackoverflow.com/a/35615565/1048862
// for the clever technique that is fairly fast, secure, and maintains
// proper distributions over the dictionary.
func (c Context) RandomString(minLen, maxLen int) string {
	const (
		letterBytes   = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
		letterIdxBits = 6                    // 6 bits to represent 64 possibilities (indexes)
		letterIdxMask = 1<<letterIdxBits - 1 // all 1-bits, as many as letterIdxBits
	)

	if minLen < 0 || maxLen < 0 || maxLen < minLen {
		return ""
	}

	n := mathrand.Intn(maxLen-minLen+1) + minLen // choose actual length

	// secureRandomBytes returns a number of bytes using crypto/rand.
	secureRandomBytes := func(numBytes int) []byte {
		randomBytes := make([]byte, numBytes)
		rand.Read(randomBytes)
		return randomBytes
	}

	result := make([]byte, n)
	bufferSize := int(float64(n) * 1.3)
	for i, j, randomBytes := 0, 0, []byte{}; i < n; j++ {
		if j%bufferSize == 0 {
			randomBytes = secureRandomBytes(bufferSize)
		}
		if idx := int(randomBytes[j%n] & letterIdxMask); idx < len(letterBytes) {
			result[i] = letterBytes[idx]
			i++
		}
	}

	return string(result)
}

// AddLink adds a link header in response
// see https://www.w3.org/wiki/LinkHeader
func (c Context) AddLink(link string) string {
	if c.responseHeader == nil {
		return ""
	}
	c.responseHeader.Add("Link", link)
	return ""
}

// Returns either TLS protocol version if TLS used or empty string otherwise
func (c Context) TLSVersion() (ret string) {
	if c.Req.TLS != nil {
		// Safe to ignore an error
		ret, _ = caddytls.GetSupportedProtocolName(c.Req.TLS.Version)
	}
	return
}

// buffer pool for .Include context actions
var includeBufs = sync.Pool{
	New: func() interface{} {
		return new(bytes.Buffer)
	},
}

// TemplateFuncs contains user-defined functions
// for execution in templates.
var TemplateFuncs = template.FuncMap{}