slides.md

% Publishing and Linking WordNet using lemon and RDF % ♣John M^cCrae, ♦Christian Fellbaum, ♣Philipp Cimiano % ♣Semantic Computing Group, University of Bielefeld. ♦Princeton University

What is WordNet?

• WordNet is one of the oldest and most widely used lexico-semantic resources
• Has been used for
  • Word sense disambiguation
  • Query expansion
  • Entity recognition
  • Event processing
  • Sentiment analysis
  • etc., etc.,

WordNet as a global project

* WordNets have been developed for over 70 languages * Has been extended by * FrameNet * VerbNet * OntoNotes * etc., etc., * It is difficult to link back to the original * More so as WordNet synsets are not stable cross-version! * Actually, it is not clear which synsets map

WordNet-RDF

• WordNet needs RDF
• To be a stable center of the LLOD cloud
• To enable easy interversion linking
• To integrate with the Semantic Web community

Wait, hasn't this been done already?

• Yes:
  • W3C WordNet
  • VU Wordnet 3.0
  • As part of UBY, BabelNet, etc.
• But:
  • Not involved with development of WordNet
  • Not hosted by data producer (Princeton)
  • Not updated with new releases

So..., what is a (ontology-)lexicon?

* A lexicon is a collection of lexical information * We do not need to define semantics within the lexicon * “An ontology-based semantic lexicon would leave the semantics to the ontology, focusing instead on providing domain-specific terms and object descriptions in the ontology.” (Buitelaar, 2010)


lemon Design goals

• RDF(S)
• Conciseness
• Not prescriptive
  • i.e., uses data categories
• Semantics by reference
  • i.e., uses ontologies
• Extensible

Forms

_lemon_ allows us to distinguish between different forms:

_“edema”_ (**singular**) _“edemata”_ (**plural**)

Hence, forms are also nodes:


Senses

_lemon_ allows us to say something about why a particular word is used

_“edema”_ (**modern**) _“dropsy”_ (**antiquated**)

Hence we introduce a sense to describe the usage of a word with a given meaning


lemon and WordNet

• lemon as the W3C Model for lexica should be a natural choice
• WordNet strongly influenced the development of the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF)
• LMF strongly influenced lemon
• Thus, lemon fits closely to WordNet

WordNet as an ontology

• But... lemon requires reference to an ontology
• We treat the WordNet synset graph as the ontology
• We do not assign the synsets OWL types
  • Instead they are skos:Concepts

WordNet stable identifiers

Synsets:

http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/wn31/103547513-n

• Version: wn31
• Part-of-speech: 1********-n
• Offset identifier: 03547513

Words:

http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/wn31/hotel-n

• Version: wn31
• Lemma: hotel
• Part-of-speech: n

Wordnet data example


External data linking

• Open Multilingual Wordnet
• lemonUBY
• VerbNet
• W3C WordNet

Including translations

• There are three ways of including translations in lemon


Including translations

• By Reference
  • Ontology-based semantics
• By Sense Relationship
  • Allows exact correspondence, e.g., "NATO"@en => "OTAN"@fr, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization"@en => "Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord"@fr
  • Explicit links
• As datatype property
  • No further annotation
  • Easy to query

Links to other resources

• lemonUBY
  • To WordNet 3.0 data on lexical entries and synsets
• VerbNet
  • To frames on a sense level
• W3C WordNet
  • Links on a lexical entries and synsets
• Your data?

Linking to previous version

• URI schemes are also supported for previous version
  • Implemented by 303 redirect

e.g.,

http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/wn30/03542333-n

⇓

http://wordnet-rdf.princeton.edu/wn31/103547513-n

Summary

• First Princeton WordNet version
• Provides stable identifiers
  • i.e., will support the interlingual index
• Linked already to many resources
• Includes extra data (e.g., translations) from other open licensed resources

These slides http://jmccrae.github.io/wn-rdf-paper/slides/slides.html (CC-BY)