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git-log.txt
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git-log.txt
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git-log(1)
==========
NAME
----
git-log - Show commit logs
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git log' [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Shows the commit logs.
:git-log: 1
include::rev-list-description.txt[]
The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
each commit introduces are shown.
OPTIONS
-------
--follow::
Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
(works only for a single file).
--no-decorate::
--decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
shown. The option `--decorate` is short-hand for `--decorate=short`.
Default to configuration value of `log.decorate` if configured,
otherwise, `auto`.
--decorate-refs=<pattern>::
--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
For each candidate reference, do not use it for decoration if it
matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
`log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
+
If none of these options or config settings are given, then references are
used as decoration if they match `HEAD`, `refs/heads/`, `refs/remotes/`,
`refs/stash/`, or `refs/tags/`.
--clear-decorations::
When specified, this option clears all previous `--decorate-refs`
or `--decorate-refs-exclude` options and relaxes the default
decoration filter to include all references. This option is
assumed if the config value `log.initialDecorationSet` is set to
`all`.
--source::
Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
commit was reached.
--[no-]mailmap::
--[no-]use-mailmap::
Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
--full-diff::
Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
+
Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
produced by `--stat`, etc.
--log-size::
Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
include::line-range-options.txt[]
<revision-range>::
Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
<revision-range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
ways to spell <revision-range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
[--] <path>...::
Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
Simplification' below for details and other simplification
modes.
+
Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
include::rev-list-options.txt[]
include::pretty-formats.txt[]
DIFF FORMATTING
---------------
By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.
Note that unless one of `--diff-merges` variants (including short
`-m`, `-c`, `--cc`, and `--dd` options) is explicitly given, merge commits
will not show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception
is when `--first-parent` is in use, in which case `first-parent` is
the default format for merge commits.
:git-log: 1
:diff-merges-default: `off`
include::diff-options.txt[]
include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
EXAMPLES
--------
`git log --no-merges`::
Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
`git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
'gitk'
`git log --name-status release..test`::
Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
each commit modifies.
`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
those commits that occurred before the file was given its
present name.
`git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
origin doesn't).
`git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
repository master branches.
`git log -p -m --first-parent`::
Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
over time.
`git log -3`::
Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
DISCUSSION
----------
include::i18n.txt[]
CONFIGURATION
-------------
See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
for settings related to diff generation.
format.pretty::
Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
Defaults to `medium`.
i18n.logOutputEncoding::
Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
otherwise.
include::includes/cmd-config-section-rest.txt[]
include::config/log.txt[]
include::config/notes.txt[]
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite