-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
1_preambulo.tex
260 lines (214 loc) · 10.2 KB
/
1_preambulo.tex
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
\def\baselinestretch{1.2}
%\setlength{\textheight}{25 true cm}
%\setlength{\textwidth}{15. true cm}
\hoffset=-1.0 true cm
\voffset=-2 true cm
%\textheight=21cm
\topmargin=1.0cm
\thispagestyle{empty}
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
%\begin{titlepage}
\thicklines
\begin{picture}(370,60)(0,0)
\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}
%
\put(40,53){\line(2,3){15}}
\put(40,53){\line(5,6){19}}
\put(40,53){\line(1,1){27}}
\put(40,53){\line(6,5){33}}
\put(40,53){\line(3,2){25}}
\put(40,53){\line(2,1){19}}
%
\put(40,53){\line(5,-6){17}}
\put(40,53){\line(1,-1){22}}
\put(40,53){\line(6,-5){30}}
\put(40,53){\line(3,-2){22}}
%
\put(40,53){\line(-2,1){15}}
\put(40,53){\line(-3,1){23}}
\put(40,53){\line(-4,1){26}}
\put(40,53){\line(-6,1){36}}
\put(40,53){\line(-1,0){40}}
\put(40,53){\line(-6,-1){32}}
\put(40,53){\line(-3,-1){20}}
\put(40,53){\line(-2,-1){10}}
%
\put(75,45){\Huge \textsf{\textbf{ IFT}}}
\put(180,56){\small \sf Instituto de F\'\i sica Te\'orica}
\put(165,42){\small \sf Universidade Estadual Paulista}
%\put(0,0){\line(1,0){375}}
\put(-25,2){\line(1,0){433}}
\put(-25,-2){\line(1,0){433}}
\end{picture}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Escolha a opcao apropriada %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vskip .3cm
%\noindent
%{MASTER DISSERTATION}
%%%%%%%%%%% Numero da Dissertacao %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\hfill IFT--M. 009/13\\
\noindent
{\sf DOCTORAL THESIS}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Numero da Tese %%%%%%%%%%%%%
\hfill {\sf IFT--T.002/17 ~}\\
\vspace{3cm}
\begin{center}
%%%%%%%% TITULO DA DISSERTACAO OU TESE %%%%%%
{\LARGE \textsf{\textbf{Search for New Resonances in the \\[0.5cm] Merged Jet plus Dilepton Final State in CMS}}}
%{\large \bf Search for New Resonances in the \\ Merged Jet + Dilepton Final State in CMS}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vspace{1.5cm}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% NOME DO AUTOR %%%%%%%%
{\Large \textsf{\textit{Jos\'e Cupertino Ruiz Vargas}}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{center}
\vskip 3cm
\hfill \textsf{\textbf{Advisor}}
\vskip 0.1cm
%%%%%%%%%%%%% NOME DO ORIENTADOR %%%%%%%%%
\hfill {\sf Prof. S\'ergio F. Novaes}
\vskip 1cm
\hfill \textsf{\textbf{Co-advisor}}
\vskip 0.1cm
\hfill {\sf Dr. Thiago R. F. P. Tomei}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vfill
\begin{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% DATA %%%%%%%%%%%%
{\sf May 2017}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{center}
\newpage
\thispagestyle{empty}
%\begin{titlepage}
\thicklines
\begin{picture}(370,60)(0,0)
\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}
%
\put(40,53){\line(2,3){15}}
\put(40,53){\line(5,6){19}}
\put(40,53){\line(1,1){27}}
\put(40,53){\line(6,5){33}}
\put(40,53){\line(3,2){25}}
\put(40,53){\line(2,1){19}}
%
\put(40,53){\line(5,-6){17}}
\put(40,53){\line(1,-1){22}}
\put(40,53){\line(6,-5){30}}
\put(40,53){\line(3,-2){22}}
%
\put(40,53){\line(-2,1){15}}
\put(40,53){\line(-3,1){23}}
\put(40,53){\line(-4,1){26}}
\put(40,53){\line(-6,1){36}}
\put(40,53){\line(-1,0){40}}
\put(40,53){\line(-6,-1){32}}
\put(40,53){\line(-3,-1){20}}
\put(40,53){\line(-2,-1){10}}
%
\put(75,45){\Huge \textsf{\textbf{ IFT}}}
\put(180,56){\small \sf Instituto de F\'\i sica Te\'orica}
\put(165,42){\small \sf Universidade Estadual Paulista}
%\put(0,0){\line(1,0){375}}
\put(-25,2){\line(1,0){433}}
\put(-25,-2){\line(1,0){433}}
\end{picture}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Escolha a opcao apropriada %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vskip .3cm
%\noindent
%{DISSERTA\c C\~AO DE MESTRADO}
%%%%%%%%%%% Numero da Dissertacao %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\hfill IFT--M. 009/13\\
\noindent
{\sf TESE DE DOUTORAMENTO}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Numero da Tese %%%%%%%%%%%%%
\hfill {\sf IFT--T.002/17 ~}\\
\vspace{3cm}
\begin{center}
%%%%%%%% TITULO DA DISSERTACAO OU TESE %%%%%%
{\Large \textsf{\textbf{Busca de Novas Resson\^ancias Decaindo em \\[0,5cm] Jato Hadr\^onico e Dois Leptons no Experimento CMS}}}
%{\large \bf Busca de Novas Resson\^ancias no Estado Final com um Jato Hadr\^onico e Dois leptons no Experimento CMS}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vspace{1.5cm}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% NOME DO AUTOR %%%%%%%%
{\Large \textsf{\textit{Jos\'e Cupertino Ruiz Vargas}}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{center}
\vskip 3cm
\hfill \textsf{\textbf{Orientador}}
\vskip 0.1cm
%%%%%%%%%%%%% NOME DO ORIENTADOR %%%%%%%%%
\hfill {\sf Prof. S\'ergio F. Novaes}
\vskip 1cm
\hfill \textsf{\textbf{Co-Orientador}}
\vskip 0.1cm
\hfill {\sf Dr. Thiago R. F. P. Tomei}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vfill
\begin{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% DATA %%%%%%%%%%%%
{\sf Maio de 2017}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{center}
\newpage
\pagenumbering{roman}
\begin{center}
{\LARGE \textsf{\textbf{Acknowledgements}}}
\end{center}
\vskip 2.0cm
%%%%%%%%%%%% AGRADECIMENTOS %%%%%%%%%%%%%
I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. S\'ergio Novaes, for his dedication, patience, and for introducing me to the CMS Collaboration.
I would like to thank my co-advisor, Dr. Thiago Tomei, for the guidance, expertise, and bright ideas.
To my family: father, mother and brothers, for their encouragement and especially because they always trusted me.
I would like to thank all SPRACE team: Angelo, Cesar, Chang-Seong, David, Eduardo, Pedro, Sandra, Sudha, and Sunil, for their continuous support.
Thanks to my friends at IFT: Carlisson, Jos\'{e} David, Fernando, and Prieslei, for their camaraderie.
This project was supported by the grant n$^\circ$ 2012/24593-8, S\~ao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). The one year intership at CERN was supported by the European Particle Physics Latin American Network (EPLANET).
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
\begin{center}
{\LARGE \textsf{\textbf{Resumo}}}
\end{center}
\vskip 2.0cm
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RESUMO %%%%%%%%%
Na Organiza\c{c}\~ao Europeia para a Pesquisa Nuclear (CERN), o Large Hadron Collider (LHC) colide grupos de pr\'otons 40 milh\~oes de vezes por segundo a uma energia de 13 TeV. Operando junto ao LHC, o Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) \'e um detector projetado para identificar uma ampla gama de part\'iculas produzidas nessas colis\~oes. As part\'iculas produzidas em cada colis\~ao s\~ao observadas nos subdetectores na busca de pistas sobre a Natureza no seu n\'ivel mais fundamental.
Apesar do modelo padr\~ao das part\'iculas elementares ter sido testado em uma variedade de experimentos de altas energias, um dos principais objetivos do LHC \'e a busca de uma nova f\'isica al\'em daquela prevista pela teoria existente.
Nesse trabalho analisamos os dados de colis\~oes pr\'oton-pr\'oton produzidos pelo LHC operando com energia de centro de massa de 13 TeV e coletados pelo CMS em 2015. O presente estudo envolve a busca de uma resson\^ancia $X$ n\~ao observada previamente, decaindo em um par de b\'osons vetoriais.
Os resultados s\~ao interpretados no contexto do modelo de dimens\~oes extras deformadas de Randall-Sundrum, distinguindo as hip\'oteses de fundo (modelo padr\~ao) e fundo mais sinal (modelo padr\~ao + graviton). Nenhuma evid\^encia da exist\^encia de uma part\'icula com as caracter\'{\i}sticas do graviton de Randall-Sundrum foi encontrada.%, levando \`a conclus\~ao de que a rea\c{c}\~ao estudada n\~ao contraria as predi\c c\~oes do modelo padr\~ao.
Limites superiores com n\'ivel de confian\c{c}a de 95\% s\~ao estabelecidos para a se\c{c}\~ao de choque de produ\c{c}\~ao da resson\^ancia $X$ decaindo em um par de bosons Z, para valores de massa $M_{X}$ no intervalo 800 -- 3000 GeV. A exclus\~ao esperada (observada) no valor de massa $M_X=800$ GeV \'e 154 fb (93 fb); para o valor de massa $M_X=3000$ GeV o valor de exclus\~ao esperado (observado) diminui para 19~fb (15~fb). Um excesso com signific\^ancia global igual a 2$\sigma$ \'e observado no ponto de massa $M_X=1000$ GeV.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vskip 1.0cm
%%%%%%%%%%%%% PALAVRAS CHAVE %%%%%%%%
%%%%%% SEPARADAS POR PONTO-E-VIRGULA %%%%%
\noindent
{\bf Palavras Chaves}: F\'isica de Altas Energias; F\'isica de Part\'iculas; Colisores Hadr\^onicos; F\'isica Al\'em do Modelo Padr\~ao.
\vskip 0.5cm
%%%%%%%%% AREAS DO CONHECIMENTO %%%%%%%
%%%%%% SEPARADAS POR PONTO-E-VIRGULA %%%%%
\noindent
{\bf \'Areas do conhecimento}: F\'isica de Altas Energias.
\newpage
\begin{center}
{\LARGE \textsf{\textbf{Abstract}}}
\end{center}
\vskip 2.0cm
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ABSTRACT %%%%%%%%%%
At the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) smashes groups of protons 40 million times per second at an energy of 13 TeV. Operating at the LHC, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a multipurpose detector conceived to identify a large variety of particles produced in such collisions. The produced particles are observed at the sub-detectors in search of clues about Nature at the most fundamental level.
In spite of the impressive agreement of the standard model with all the experimental results obtained so far, one of the main aims of the LHC is the search of new physics beyond the one foreseen by this theoretical model.
In this work, we analyze proton--proton collisions delivered by the LHC operating at centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and collected by CMS during 2015. The channel under study involves the search for an unknown resonance $X$ decaying into a pair of vector bosons.
The results are interpreted in the context of the Randall-Sundrum warped extra-dimensional model, distinguishing between the hypotheses of background only (standard model) and background plus signal (standard model + graviton). No evidence of the existence of a graviton-like particle was found.% leading to the conclusion that this reaction does not challenge the predictions of the standard model .
Upper limits at 95\% confidence level are set for the production cross section of a resonance $X$ decaying to a pair of Z bosons, for values of mass $M_{X}$ in the range between 800 -- 3000 GeV. The limit expected (observed) at $M_{X}=800$ GeV is 154 fb (93 fb); for the mass point $M_{X}=3000$ GeV the limit expected (observed) decreases to 19 fb (15 fb). A localised excess with global significance equal to 2$\sigma$ is observed in the mass point $M_X=1000$ GeV.
\vskip 1.0cm
%%%%%%%%%%%%% PALAVRAS CHAVE %%%%%%%%
%%%%%% SEPARADAS POR PONTO-E-VIRGULA %%%%%
\noindent
{\bf Key Words}: High Energy Physics; Particle Physics; Hadron Colliders, Physics Beyond the Standard Model.
\vskip 0.5cm
%%%%%%%%% AREAS DO CONHECIMENTO %%%%%%%
%%%%%% SEPARADAS POR PONTO-E-VIRGULA %%%%%
\noindent
{\bf Research area}: High Energy Physics.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vfill \eject