interface.go

/*
Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package net

import (
	"bufio"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"os"

	"strings"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
)

type AddressFamily uint

const (
	familyIPv4 AddressFamily = 4
	familyIPv6 AddressFamily = 6
)

type Route struct {
	Interface   string
	Destination net.IP
	Gateway     net.IP
	// TODO: add more fields here if needed
}

func getRoutes(input io.Reader) ([]Route, error) {
	routes := []Route{}
	if input == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("input is nil")
	}
	scanner := bufio.NewReader(input)
	for {
		line, err := scanner.ReadString('\n')
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
		//ignore the headers in the route info
		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "Iface") {
			continue
		}
		fields := strings.Fields(line)
		routes = append(routes, Route{})
		route := &routes[len(routes)-1]
		route.Interface = fields[0]
		ip, err := parseIP(fields[1])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		route.Destination = ip
		ip, err = parseIP(fields[2])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		route.Gateway = ip
	}
	return routes, nil
}

func parseIP(str string) (net.IP, error) {
	if str == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("input is nil")
	}
	bytes, err := hex.DecodeString(str)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	//TODO add ipv6 support
	if len(bytes) != net.IPv4len {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("only IPv4 is supported")
	}
	bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3] = bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]
	return net.IP(bytes), nil
}

func isInterfaceUp(intf *net.Interface) bool {
	if intf == nil {
		return false
	}
	if intf.Flags&net.FlagUp != 0 {
		glog.V(4).Infof("Interface %v is up", intf.Name)
		return true
	}
	return false
}

func isLoopbackOrPointToPoint(intf *net.Interface) bool {
	return intf.Flags&(net.FlagLoopback|net.FlagPointToPoint) != 0
}

//getFinalIP method receives all the IP addrs of a Interface
//and returns a nil if the address is Loopback, Ipv6, link-local or nil.
//It returns a valid IPv4 if an Ipv4 address is found in the array.
func getFinalIP(addrs []net.Addr) (net.IP, error) {
	if len(addrs) > 0 {
		for i := range addrs {
			glog.V(4).Infof("Checking addr  %s.", addrs[i].String())
			ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addrs[i].String())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			//Only IPv4
			//TODO : add IPv6 support
			if ip.To4() != nil {
				if !ip.IsLoopback() && !ip.IsLinkLocalMulticast() && !ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
					glog.V(4).Infof("IP found %v", ip)
					return ip, nil
				} else {
					glog.V(4).Infof("Loopback/link-local found %v", ip)
				}
			} else {
				glog.V(4).Infof("%v is not a valid IPv4 address", ip)
			}

		}
	}
	return nil, nil
}

func getIPFromInterface(intfName string, nw networkInterfacer) (net.IP, error) {
	intf, err := nw.InterfaceByName(intfName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if isInterfaceUp(intf) {
		addrs, err := nw.Addrs(intf)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		glog.V(4).Infof("Interface %q has %d addresses :%v.", intfName, len(addrs), addrs)
		finalIP, err := getFinalIP(addrs)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if finalIP != nil {
			glog.V(4).Infof("valid IPv4 address for interface %q found as %v.", intfName, finalIP)
			return finalIP, nil
		}
	}

	return nil, nil
}

// memberOF tells if the IP is of the desired family. Used for checking interface addresses.
func memberOf(ip net.IP, family AddressFamily) bool {
	if ip.To4() != nil {
		return family == familyIPv4
	} else {
		return family == familyIPv6
	}
}

// chooseIPFromHostInterfaces looks at all system interfaces, trying to find one that is up that
// has a global unicast address (non-loopback, non-link local, non-point2point), and returns the IP.
// Searches for IPv4 addresses, and then IPv6 addresses.
func chooseIPFromHostInterfaces(nw networkInterfacer) (net.IP, error) {
	intfs, err := nw.Interfaces()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(intfs) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no interfaces found on host.")
	}
	for _, family := range []AddressFamily{familyIPv4, familyIPv6} {
		glog.V(4).Infof("Looking for system interface with a global IPv%d address", uint(family))
		for _, intf := range intfs {
			if !isInterfaceUp(&intf) {
				glog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: down interface %q", intf.Name)
				continue
			}
			if isLoopbackOrPointToPoint(&intf) {
				glog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: LB or P2P interface %q", intf.Name)
				continue
			}
			addrs, err := nw.Addrs(&intf)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if len(addrs) == 0 {
				glog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: no addresses on interface %q", intf.Name)
				continue
			}
			for _, addr := range addrs {
				ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(addr.String())
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to parse CIDR for interface %q: %s", intf.Name, err)
				}
				if !memberOf(ip, family) {
					glog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: no address family match for %q on interface %q.", ip, intf.Name)
					continue
				}
				// TODO: Decide if should open up to allow IPv6 LLAs in future.
				if !ip.IsGlobalUnicast() {
					glog.V(4).Infof("Skipping: non-global address %q on interface %q.", ip, intf.Name)
					continue
				}
				glog.V(4).Infof("Found global unicast address %q on interface %q.", ip, intf.Name)
				return ip, nil
			}
		}
	}
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no acceptable interface with global unicast address found on host")
}

//ChooseHostInterface is a method used fetch an IP for a daemon.
//It uses data from /proc/net/route file.
//For a node with no internet connection ,it returns error
//For a multi n/w interface node it returns the IP of the interface with gateway on it.
func ChooseHostInterface() (net.IP, error) {
	var nw networkInterfacer = networkInterface{}
	inFile, err := os.Open("/proc/net/route")
	if err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return chooseIPFromHostInterfaces(nw)
		}
		return nil, err
	}
	defer inFile.Close()
	return chooseHostInterfaceFromRoute(inFile, nw)
}

// networkInterfacer defines an interface for several net library functions. Production
// code will forward to net library functions, and unit tests will override the methods
// for testing purposes.
type networkInterfacer interface {
	InterfaceByName(intfName string) (*net.Interface, error)
	Addrs(intf *net.Interface) ([]net.Addr, error)
	Interfaces() ([]net.Interface, error)
}

// networkInterface implements the networkInterfacer interface for production code, just
// wrapping the underlying net library function calls.
type networkInterface struct{}

func (_ networkInterface) InterfaceByName(intfName string) (*net.Interface, error) {
	return net.InterfaceByName(intfName)
}

func (_ networkInterface) Addrs(intf *net.Interface) ([]net.Addr, error) {
	return intf.Addrs()
}

func (_ networkInterface) Interfaces() ([]net.Interface, error) {
	return net.Interfaces()
}

func chooseHostInterfaceFromRoute(inFile io.Reader, nw networkInterfacer) (net.IP, error) {
	routes, err := getRoutes(inFile)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	zero := net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}
	var finalIP net.IP
	for i := range routes {
		//find interface with gateway
		if routes[i].Destination.Equal(zero) {
			glog.V(4).Infof("Default route transits interface %q", routes[i].Interface)
			finalIP, err := getIPFromInterface(routes[i].Interface, nw)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if finalIP != nil {
				glog.V(4).Infof("Choosing IP %v ", finalIP)
				return finalIP, nil
			}
		}
	}
	glog.V(4).Infof("No valid IP found")
	if finalIP == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to select an IP.")
	}
	return nil, nil
}

// If bind-address is usable, return it directly
// If bind-address is not usable (unset, 0.0.0.0, or loopback), we will use the host's default
// interface.
func ChooseBindAddress(bindAddress net.IP) (net.IP, error) {
	if bindAddress == nil || bindAddress.IsUnspecified() || bindAddress.IsLoopback() {
		hostIP, err := ChooseHostInterface()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		bindAddress = hostIP
	}
	return bindAddress, nil
}