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other.ini
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other.ini
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; Other units
; ===========
;
; This file establishes some units besides the SI_ and non-SI units from
; [BIPM2006]_.
;
; For the full documentation, please see
; https://kdavies4.github.com/natu/other-ini.html.
;
; The definitions below depend on the following items:
;
; - Mathematical constants: *pi*
; - Base physical constants: *c*
; - SI_ and non-SI units from [BIPM2006]_
; - Other units and constants: cyc and *g_0*
;
; ======== ========================================================= ========== ============
; Symbol Expression Prefixable Name & notes
; ======== ========================================================= ========== ============
[Time]
y = 365.25*d , False ; `Julian year <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)>`_
[Length]
ly = c*y , True ; `light year <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_year>`_
au = 149597870700*m , False ; `astronomical unit <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit>`_
pc = au*648e3/pi , False ; `parsec <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec>`_
inch = 2.54*cm , False ; `inch <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch>`_
ft = 12*inch , False ; `foot <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_(unit)>`_
yd = 3*ft , False ; `yard <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard_(unit)>`_
mi = 1760*yd , False ; `mile <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mile>`_
pica = inch/6 , False ; `pica <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(typography)>`_
point = pica/12 , False ; `point <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(typography)>`_
[Mass]
u = g/(N_A*mol) , True ; `unified atomic mass unit <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass_unit>`_ (aka dalton (Da))
oz = 28.349523125*g , False ; `avoirdupois ounce <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ounce#International_avoirdupois_ounce>`_
lb = 16*oz , False ; `pound <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)>`_
ton = 2e3*lb , False ; `short ton <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_ton>`_
[Force]
lbf = lb*g_0 , False ; `pound force <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_force>`_
kip = 1000*lbf , False ; `kip <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_(unit)>`_
[Pressure]
atm = 101325*Pa , False ; `atmosphere <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)>`_
Pag = (lambda n: n*Pa + atm, lambda p: (p - atm)/Pa) , True ; pascal, gauge
psi = lbf/inch**2 , False ; `pounds per square inch <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch>`_
psig = (lambda n: n*psi + atm, lambda p: (p - atm)/psi) , False ; pounds per square inch, gauge
Torr = atm/760 , False ; `torr <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torr>`_
[Energy]
BTU = 1055.05585262*J , True ; `British thermal unit <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_thermal_unit>`_, based on International Steam Table calorie [IT1956]_
cal = 4.184*J , True ; `small calorie <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_calorie>`_ (thermochemical)
Cal = kcal , True ; large calorie (aka food calorie)
Wh = W*hr , True ; `watt hour <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_hour>`_
eV = e*V , True ; `electron volt <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_volt>`_
[Power]
hp = 550*ft*lbf/s , False ; `mechanical horsepower <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower#Mechanical_horsepower>`_
[Area]
ac = mi**2/640 , False ; `acre <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre>`_
[Volume]
gal = 231*inch**3 , False ; `US gallon <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_gallon>`_
qt = gal/4 , False ; `US quart <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_quart#United_States_liquid_quart>`_
pt = qt/2 , False ; `US pint <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_pint>`_
cup = pt/2 , False ; `US cup <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup_(unit)#United_States_customary_cup>`_
fluid_oz = cup/8 , False ; `US fluid ounce <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_fluid_ounce>`_
bbl = 42*gal , False ; `oil barrel <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_barrel#Oil_barrel>`_
[Angle]
grad = cyc/400 , False ; `gradian <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradian>`_
sign = rad/6 , False
sextant = cyc/6 , False
quadrant = cyc/4 , False
[Solid angle]
sp = 4*pi*sr , False ; `spat <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spat_(unit)>`_
[Velocity]
mph = mi/hr , False ; `miles per hour <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_per_hour>`_
kph = km/hr , False ; `kilometres per hour <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometers_per_hour>`_
[Frequency/Angular velocity]
rpm = cyc/min , False ; `revolution per minute <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute>`_
[Temperature]
degR = K*5/9 , False ; `degree Rankine <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine_scale>`_
degF = (lambda n: (n + 459.67)*degR, lambda T: T/degR - 459.67), False ; `degree Fahrenheit <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit>`_
[Dimensionless]
pct = 0.01 , False ; `percent <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent>`_ (%)
ppm = 1e-6 , False ; `parts per million <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_million>`_
ppb = 1e-9 , False ; `parts per billion <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_billion>`_
ppt = 1e-12 , False ; `parts per trillion <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_trillion>`_
ppq = 1e-15 , False ; `parts per quadrillion <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_quadrillion>`_
[Remaining EMU_ and Gaussian_ units (besides those in [BIPM2006]_)]
abC = abA*s , True ; `abcoloumb <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcoulomb>`_
abV = erg/abC , True ; `abvolt <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abvolt>`_
abF = abC/abV , True ; `abfarad <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abfarad#CGS_units>`_
abohm = s/abF , True ; `abohm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abohm>`_
abH = abohm*s , True ; `abhenry <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhenry>`_
[Remaining ESU_ units (besides those in [BIPM2006]_)]
statC = sqrt(g*cc)/s , True ; `statcoulomb <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statcoulomb>`_ (aka franklin (Fr) or electrostatic unit (esu) of charge)
statA = statC/s , True ; statampere
statV = erg/statC , True ; `statvolt <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statvolt>`_
statWb = statV/Hz , True ; statweber
statT = statWb/cm**2 , True ; stattesla
[Constants related to `Ampere's force law`_]
k_A = dyn/abA**2 ; Ampere constant (aka magnetic force constant)
k_C = k_A*c**2 ; `Coulomb constant <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb_constant>`_ (aka electric force constant or electrostatic constant)
epsilon_0 = 1/(k_C*(4*pi if rational else 1)) ; `electric constant <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_permittivity>`_ (aka vacuum permittivity or permittivity of free space)
mu_0 = 1/(epsilon_0*cyc**2*c**2) ; `magnetic constant <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_permeability>`_ (aka vacuum permeability or permeability of free space)
Z_0 = 2*k_A*c/rad ; `characteristic impedance of vacuum <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_of_free_space>`_
alpha = k_A*c/R_K ; `fine structure constant <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_structure_constant>`_
a_0 = alpha/(2*R_inf) ; `Bohr radius <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_radius>`_ (aka Hartree length)
lambda_e = alpha*a_0/sr ; electron `Compton wavelength <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength>`_
kappa = lambda_e*c/2 ; quantum of circulation
m_e = Phi_0/kappa ; `electron rest mass per elementary charge <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_mass>`_
r_e = k_A/m_e ; `classical electron radius per elementary charge <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_electron_radius>`_ (aka Lorentz radius or Thomson scattering length)
mu_B = kappa*e*sp/2 ; `Bohr magnetron <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_magneton>`_
M_e = m_e*e ; mass of an electron (aka Hartree mass or natural unit of mass)
t_H = a_0*sqrt(M_e/Ha) ; Hartree time
l_n = h*rad/(M_e*c) ; natural unit of length
t_n = l_n/c ; natural unit of time
[Misc. units and constants]
AT = A*cyc , False ; `ampere-turn <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere-turn>`_
D = cdyn/atm , True ; `darcy <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy_(unit)>`_
M = mol/L , True ; `molar <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration#Units>`_
; ======== ========================================================= ========== ============
;
; .. _SI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units
; .. _CGS units: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units
; .. _EMU: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units#Electromagnetic_units_.28EMU.29
; .. _ESU: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_units
; .. _Gaussian: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_units
; .. _Ampere's force law: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A8re's_force_law
;
; .. rubric:: References
;
; .. [BIPM2006] International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM),
; "`The International System of Units (SI)
; <http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf>`_,"
; 8th ed., 2006.
; .. [IT1956] *Fifth International Conference on the Properties of Steam*,
; London, July 1956.