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i40e Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series
===============================================================================
September 28, 2018
Copyright(c) 2014-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Important Notes
- Overview
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Building and Installation
- Command Line Parameters
- Intel(R) Ethernet Flow Director
- Additional Features & Configurations
- Known Issues
================================================================================
Important Notes
---------------
TC0 must be enabled when setting up DCB on a switch
---------------------------------------------------
The kernel assumes that TC0 is available, and will disable Priority Flow
Control (PFC) on the device if TC0 is not available. To fix this, ensure TC0 is
enabled when setting up DCB on your switch.
Enabling a VF link if the port is disconnected
----------------------------------------------
If the physical function (PF) link is down, you can force link up (from the
host PF) on any virtual functions (VF) bound to the PF. Note that this requires
kernel support (Redhat kernel 3.10.0-327 or newer, upstream kernel 3.11.0 or
newer, and associated iproute2 user space support). If the following command
does not work, it may not be supported by your system. The following command
forces link up on VF 0 bound to PF eth0:
ip link set eth0 vf 0 state enable
Do not unload port driver if VF with active VM is bound to it
-------------------------------------------------------------
Do not unload a port's driver if a Virtual Function (VF) with an active Virtual
Machine (VM) is bound to it. Doing so will cause the port to appear to hang.
Once the VM shuts down, or otherwise releases the VF, the command will complete.
Configuring SR-IOV for improved network security
------------------------------------------------
In a virtualized environment, on Intel(R) Ethernet Server Adapters that support
SR-IOV, the virtual function (VF) may be subject to malicious behavior.
Software-generated layer two frames, like IEEE 802.3x (link flow control), IEEE
802.1Qbb (priority based flow-control), and others of this type, are not
expected and can throttle traffic between the host and the virtual switch,
reducing performance. To resolve this issue, configure all SR-IOV enabled ports
for VLAN tagging. This configuration allows unexpected, and potentially
malicious, frames to be dropped.
Overview
--------
This driver supports kernel versions 2.6.32 and newer.
Driver information can be obtained using ethtool, lspci, and ifconfig.
Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section Additional
Configurations later in this document.
This driver is only supported as a loadable module at this time. Intel is not
supplying patches against the kernel source to allow for static linking of the
drivers.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel adapter. All hardware requirements listed apply to use
with Linux.
Adapter teaming is implemented using the native Linux Channel bonding module.
This is included in supported Linux kernels. Channel Bonding documentation can
be found in the Linux kernel source:
/documentation/networking/bonding.txt
This driver supports XDP (Express Data Path) on kernel 4.14 and later. Note
that XDP is blocked for frame sizes larger than 3KB.
The driver information previously displayed in the /proc file system is not
supported in this release.
NOTE: 1 Gb devices based on the Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection X722 do
not support the following features:
* Data Center Bridging (DCB)
* QOS
* VMQ
* SR-IOV
* Task Encapsulation offload (VXLAN, NVGRE)
* Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE)
* Auto-media detect
Identifying Your Adapter
------------------------
The driver in this release is compatible with devices based on the following:
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X710
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710
* Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection X722
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XXV710
For the best performance, make sure the latest NVM/FW is installed on your
device and that you are using the newest drivers.
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest NVM/FW
images and Intel network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
http://www.intel.com/support
SFP+ and QSFP+ Devices:
-----------------------
For information about supported media, refer to this document:
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/release-notes/xl710-
ethernet-controller-feature-matrix.pdf
NOTE: Some adapters based on the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series only
support Intel Ethernet Optics modules. On these adapters, other modules are not
supported and will not function.
NOTE: For connections based on Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series, support
is dependent on your system board. Please see your vendor for details.
NOTE:In all cases Intel recommends using Intel Ethernet Optics; other modules
may function but are not validated by Intel. Contact Intel for supported media
types.
NOTE: In systems that do not have adequate airflow to cool the adapter and
optical modules, you must use high temperature optical modules.
================================================================================
Building and Installation
-------------------------
To build a binary RPM* package of this driver, run 'rpmbuild -tb
i40e-<x.x.x>.tar.gz', where <x.x.x> is the version number for the driver tar
file.
Note: For the build to work properly, the currently running kernel MUST match
the version and configuration of the installed kernel sources. If you have just
recompiled the kernel reboot the system before building.
Note: RPM functionality has only been tested in Red Hat distributions.
_lbank_line_
1. Move the base driver tar file to the directory of your choice. For
example, use '/home/username/i40e' or '/usr/local/src/i40e'.
2. Untar/unzip the archive, where <x.x.x> is the version number for the
driver tar file:
tar zxf i40e-<x.x.x>.tar.gz
3. Change to the driver src directory, where <x.x.x> is the version number
for the driver tar:
cd i40e-<x.x.x>/src/
4. Compile the driver module:
# make install
The binary will be installed as:
/lib/modules/<KERNEL VERSION>/updates/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e.ko
The install location listed above is the default location. This may differ
for various Linux distributions.
NOTE: To compile the driver on some kernel/arch combinations, a
package with the development version of libelf (e.g. libelf-dev,
libelf-devel, elfutilsl-libelf-devel) may need to be installed.
NOTE: To gather and display additional statistics, use the
I40E_ADD_PROBES pre-processor macro:
#make CFLAGS_EXTRA=-DI40E_ADD_PROBES
Please note that this additional statistics gathering can impact
performance.
5. Load the module using the modprobe command:
modprobe <i40e> [parameter=port1_value,port2_value]
Make sure that any older i40e drivers are removed from the kernel before
loading the new module:
rmmod i40e; modprobe i40e
6. Assign an IP address to the interface by entering the following,
where ethX is the interface name that was shown in dmesg after modprobe:
ip address add <IP_address>/<netmask bits> dev ethX
7. Verify that the interface works. Enter the following, where IP_address
is the IP address for another machine on the same subnet as the interface
that is being tested:
ping <IP_address>
Note: For certain distributions like (but not limited to) RedHat Enterprise
Linux 7 and Ubuntu, once the driver is installed the initrd/initramfs file may
need to be updated to prevent the OS loading old versions of the i40e driver.
The dracut utility may be used on RedHat distributions:
# dracut --force
For Ubuntu:
# update-initramfs -u
================================================================================
Command Line Parameters
-----------------------
In general, ethtool and other OS specific commands are used to configure user
changeable parameters after the driver is loaded. The i40e driver only supports
the max_vfs kernel parameter on older kernels that do not have the standard
sysfs interface. The only other module parameter supported is the debug
parameter that can control the default logging verbosity of the driver.
If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters are used
by entering them on the command line with the modprobe command using this
syntax:
modprobe i40e [<option>=<VAL1>]
There needs to be a <VAL#> for each network port in the system supported by
this driver. The values will be applied to each instance, in function order.
For example:
modprobe i40e max_vfs=7
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted.
max_vfs
-------
This parameter adds support for SR-IOV. It causes the driver to spawn up to
max_vfs worth of virtual functions.
Valid Range:
1-32 (Intel Ethernet Controller X710 based devices)
1-64 (Intel Ethernet Controller XXV710/XL710 based devices)
NOTE: This parameter is only used on kernel 3.7.x and below. On kernel 3.8.x
and above, use sysfs to enable VFs. Also, for Red Hat distributions, this
parameter is only used on version 6.6 and older. For version 6.7 and newer, use
sysfs. For example:
#echo $num_vf_enabled > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs //enable
VFs
#echo 0 > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs //disable VFs
The parameters for the driver are referenced by position. Thus, if you have a
dual port adapter, or more than one adapter in your system, and want N virtual
functions per port, you must specify a number for each port with each parameter
separated by a comma. For example:
modprobe i40e max_vfs=4
This will spawn 4 VFs on the first port.
modprobe i40e max_vfs=2,4
This will spawn 2 VFs on the first port and 4 VFs on the second port.
NOTE: Caution must be used in loading the driver with these parameters.
Depending on your system configuration, number of slots, etc., it is impossible
to predict in all cases where the positions would be on the command line.
NOTE: Neither the device nor the driver control how VFs are mapped into config
space. Bus layout will vary by operating system. On operating systems that
support it, you can check sysfs to find the mapping.
Some hardware configurations support fewer SR-IOV instances, as the whole Intel
Ethernet Controller XL710 (all functions) is limited to 128 SR-IOV interfaces
in total.
NOTE: When SR-IOV mode is enabled, hardware VLAN filtering and VLAN tag
stripping/insertion will remain enabled. Please remove the old VLAN filter
before the new VLAN filter is added. For example,
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 100 // set vlan 100 for VF 0
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 0 // Delete vlan 100
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 200 // set a new vlan 200 for VF 0
Configuring SR-IOV for improved network security
------------------------------------------------
In a virtualized environment, on Intel(R) Ethernet Server Adapters that support
SR-IOV, the virtual function (VF) may be subject to malicious behavior.
Software-generated layer two frames, like IEEE 802.3x (link flow control), IEEE
802.1Qbb (priority based flow-control), and others of this type, are not
expected and can throttle traffic between the host and the virtual switch,
reducing performance. To resolve this issue, configure all SR-IOV enabled ports
for VLAN tagging. This configuration allows unexpected, and potentially
malicious, frames to be dropped.
Configuring VLAN tagging on SR-IOV enabled adapter ports
--------------------------------------------------------
To configure VLAN tagging for the ports on an SR-IOV enabled adapter, use the
following command. The VLAN configuration should be done before the VF driver
is loaded or the VM is booted.
$ ip link set dev <PF netdev id> vf <id> vlan <vlan id>
For example, the following instructions will configure PF eth0 and the first VF
on VLAN 10.
$ ip link set dev eth0 vf 0 vlan 10
VLAN Tag Packet Steering
------------------------
Allows you to send all packets with a specific VLAN tag to a particular SR-IOV
virtual function (VF). Further, this feature allows you to designate a
particular VF as trusted, and allows that trusted VF to request selective
promiscuous mode on the Physical Function (PF).
To set a VF as trusted or untrusted, enter the following command in the
Hypervisor:
# ip link set dev eth0 vf 1 trust [on|off]
Once the VF is designated as trusted, use the following commands in the VM to
set the VF to promiscuous mode.
For promiscuous all:
#ip link set eth2 promisc on
Where eth2 is a VF interface in the VM
For promiscuous Multicast:
#ip link set eth2 allmulticast on
Where eth2 is a VF interface in the VM
NOTE: By default, the ethtool priv-flag vf-true-promisc-support is set to
"off",meaning that promiscuous mode for the VF will be limited. To set the
promiscuous mode for the VF to true promiscuous and allow the VF to see all
ingress traffic, use the following command.
#ethtool -set-priv-flags p261p1 vf-true-promisc-support on
The vf-true-promisc-support priv-flag does not enable promiscuous mode; rather,
it designates which type of promiscuous mode (limited or true) you will get
when you enable promiscuous mode using the ip link commands above. Note that
this is a global setting that affects the entire device. However,the
vf-true-promisc-support priv-flag is only exposed to the first PF of the
device. The PF remains in limited promiscuous mode (unless it is in MFP mode)
regardless of the vf-true-promisc-support setting.
Now add a VLAN interface on the VF interface.
#ip link add link eth2 name eth2.100 type vlan id 100
Note that the order in which you set the VF to promiscuous mode and add the
VLAN interface does not matter (you can do either first). The end result in
this example is that the VF will get all traffic that is tagged with VLAN 100.
Intel(R) Ethernet Flow Director
-------------------------------
NOTE: Intel Ethernet Flow Director parameters are only supported on kernel
versions 2.6.30 or newer.
The Intel Ethernet Flow Director performs the following tasks:
- Directs receive packets according to their flows to different queues.
- Enables tight control on routing a flow in the platform.
- Matches flows and CPU cores for flow affinity.
- Supports multiple parameters for flexible flow classification and load
balancing (in SFP mode only).
NOTE: An included script (set_irq_affinity) automates setting the IRQ to CPU
affinity.
NOTE: The Linux i40e driver supports the following flow types: IPv4, TCPv4, and
UDPv4. For a given flow type, it supports valid combinations of IP addresses
(source or destination) and UDP/TCP ports (source and destination). For
example, you can supply only a source IP address, a source IP address and a
destination port, or any combination of one or more of these four parameters.
NOTE: The Linux i40e driver allows you to filter traffic based on a
user-defined flexible two-byte pattern and offset by using the ethtool user-def
and mask fields. Only L3 and L4 flow types are supported for user-defined
flexible filters. For a given flow type, you must clear all Intel Ethernet Flow
Director filters before changing the input set (for that flow type).
ethtool commands:
To enable or disable the Intel Ethernet Flow Director:
# ethtool -K ethX ntuple <on|off>
When disabling ntuple filters, all the user programmed filters are flushed from
the driver cache and hardware. All needed filters must be re-added when ntuple
is re-enabled.
To add a filter that directs packet to queue 2, use -U or -N switch:
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 src-port 2000 dst-port 2001 action 2 [loc 1]
To set a filter using only the source and destination IP address:
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 action 2 [loc 1]
To set a filter based on a user defined pattern and offset:
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 user-def 0xffffffff00000001 m 0x40 action 2 [loc 1]
where the value of the user-def field (0xffffffff00000001) is the
pattern and m 0x40 is the offset.
Note that in this case the mask (m 0x40) parameter is used with the user-def
field, whereas for cloud filter support the mask parameter is not used.
To see the list of filters currently present:
# ethtool <-u|-n> ethX
Application Targeted Routing (ATR) Perfect Filters
--------------------------------------------------
ATR is enabled by default when the kernel is in multiple transmit queue mode.
An ATR Intel Ethernet Flow Director filter rule is added when a TCP-IP flow
starts and is deleted when the flow ends. When a TCP-IP Intel Ethernet Flow
Director rule is added from ethtool (Sideband filter), ATR is turned off by the
driver. To re-enable ATR, the sideband can be disabled with the ethtool -K
option. For example:
ethtool –K [adapter] ntuple [off|on]
If sideband is re-enabled after ATR is re-enabled, ATR remains enabled until a
TCP-IP flow is added. When all TCP-IP sideband rules are deleted, ATR is
automatically re-enabled.
Packets that match the ATR rules are counted in fdir_atr_match stats in
ethtool, which also can be used to verify whether ATR rules still exist.
Sideband Perfect Filters
------------------------
Sideband Perfect Filters are used to direct traffic that matches specified
characteristics. They are enabled through ethtool's ntuple interface. To add a
new filter use the following command:
ethtool -U <device> flow-type <type> src-ip <ip> dst-ip <ip> src-port <port>
dst-port <port> action <queue>
Where:
<device> - the ethernet device to program
<type> - can be ip4, tcp4, udp4, or sctp4
<ip> - the ip address to match on
<port> - the port number to match on
<queue> - the queue to direct traffic towards (-1 discards the matched
traffic)
Use the following command to display all of the active filters:
ethtool -u <device>
Use the following command to delete a filter:
ethtool -U <device> delete <N>
Where <N> is the filter id displayed when printing all the active filters, and
may also have been specified using "loc <N>" when adding the filter.
The following example matches TCP traffic sent from 192.168.0.1, port 5300,
directed to 192.168.0.5, port 80, and sends it to queue 7:
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 dst-ip 192.168.0.5
src-port 5300 dst-port 80 action 7
For each flow-type, the programmed filters must all have the same matching
input set. For example, issuing the following two commands is acceptable:
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
Issuing the next two commands, however, is not acceptable, since the first
specifies src-ip and the second specifies dst-ip:
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 dst-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
The second command will fail with an error. You may program multiple filters
with the same fields, using different values, but, on one device, you may not
program two tcp4 filters with different matching fields.
Matching on a sub-portion of a field is not supported by the i40e driver, thus
partial mask fields are not supported.
The driver also supports matching user-defined data within the packet payload.
This flexible data is specified using the "user-def" field of the ethtool
command in the following way:
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| 31 28 24 20 16 | 15 12 8 4 0 |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| offset into packet payload | 2 bytes of flexible data |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
For example,
... user-def 0x4FFFF ...
tells the filter to look 4 bytes into the payload and match that value against
0xFFFF. The offset is based on the beginning of the payload, and not the
beginning of the packet. Thus
flow-type tcp4 ... user-def 0x8BEAF ...
would match TCP/IPv4 packets which have the value 0xBEAF 8 bytes into the
TCP/IPv4 payload.
Note that ICMP headers are parsed as 4 bytes of header and 4 bytes of payload.
Thus to match the first byte of the payload, you must actually add 4 bytes to
the offset. Also note that ip4 filters match both ICMP frames as well as raw
(unknown) ip4 frames, where the payload will be the L3 payload of the IP4 frame.
The maximum offset is 64. The hardware will only read up to 64 bytes of data
from the payload. The offset must be even because the flexible data is 2 bytes
long and must be aligned to byte 0 of the packet payload.
The user-defined flexible offset is also considered part of the input set and
cannot be programmed separately for multiple filters of the same type. However,
the flexible data is not part of the input set and multiple filters may use the
same offset but match against different data.
To create filters that direct traffic to a specific Virtual Function, use the
"action" parameter. Specify the action as a 64 bit value, where the lower 32
bits represents the queue number, while the next 8 bits represent which VF.
Note that 0 is the PF, so the VF identifier is offset by 1. For example:
... action 0x800000002 ...
specifies to direct traffic to Virtual Function 7 (8 minus 1) into queue 2 of
that VF.
Note that these filters will not break internal routing rules, and will not
route traffic that otherwise would not have been sent to the specified Virtual
Function.
Cloud Filter Support
--------------------
On a complex network that supports multiple types of traffic (such as for
storage as well as cloud), cloud filter support allows you to send one type of
traffic (for example, the storage traffic) to the Physical Function (PF) and
another type (say, the cloud traffic) to a Virtual Function (VF). Because cloud
networks are typically VXLAN/GENEVE-based, you can define a cloud filter to
identify VXLAN/GENEVE packets and send them to a queue in the VF to be
processed by the virtual machine (VM). Similarly, other cloud filters can be
designed for various other traffic tunneling.
NOTE: Cloud filters are only supported when the underlying device is in Single
Function per Port mode.
NOTE: The "action -1" option, which drops matching packets in regular Intel
Ethernet Flow Director filters, is not available to drop packets when used with
cloud filters.
NOTE: For IPv4 and ether flow-types, cloud filters cannot be used for TCP or
UDP filters.
NOTE: Cloud filters can be used as a method for implementing queue splitting in
the PF.
The following filters are supported:
Cloud Filters
Inner MAC, Inner VLAN (for NVGRE, VXLAN or GENEVE packets)
Inner MAC, Inner VLAN, Tenant ID (for NVGRE, VXLAN or GENEVE packets)
Inner MAC, Tenant ID (NVGRE packet or VXLAN/GENEVE packets)
Outer MAC L2 filter
Inner MAC filter
Outer MAC, Tenant ID, Inner MAC
Application Destination IP
Application Source-IP, Inner MAC
ToQueue: Use MAC, VLAN to point to a queue
L3 filters
Application Destination IP
Cloud filters are specified using ethtool's ntuple interface, but the driver
uses user-def to determine whether to treat the filter as a cloud filter or a
regular filter. To enable a cloud filter, set the highest bit of the user-def
field, "user-def 0x8000000000000000" to enable the cloud features described
below. This specifies to the driver to treat the filter specially and not treat
it like the regular filters described above. Note that cloud filters also read
the other bits in the user-def field separately so you cannot use the flexible
data feature described above.
For regular Intel Ethernet Flow Director filters:
- No user-def specified or highest bit (bit 63) is 0
Example:
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 dst-ip 192.168.0.109
action 6 loc
For L3 filters (non-tunneled packets):
- "user-def 0x8000000000000000" (no Tenant ID/VNI specified in remaining
bits of the user-def field)
- Only L3 parameters (src-IP, dst-IP) are considered
Example:
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.42.13 dst-ip 192.168.42.33
/
src-port 12344 dst-port 12344 user-def 0x8000000000000000 action /
0x200000000 loc 3
Redirect traffic coming from 192.168.42.13 port 12344 with destination
192.168.42.33 port 12344 into VF id 1, and call this "rule 3"
For cloud filters (tunneled packets):
- All other filters, including where Tenant ID/VNI is specified.
- The lower 32 bits of the user-def field can carry the tenant ID/VNI
if required.
- The VF can be specified using the "action" field, just as regular filters
described in the Flow director Filter section above.
- Cloud filters can be defined with inner MAC, outer MAC, inner IP address,
inner VLAN, and VNI as part of the cloud tuple. Cloud filters filter on
destination (not source) MAC and IP. The destination and source MAC
address fields in the ethtool command are overloaded as dst = outer,
src = inner MAC address to facilitate tuple definition for a cloud filter.
- The 'loc' parameter specifies the rule number of the filter as being
stored in the base driver
Example:
ethtool –U enp130s0 flow-type ether dst 8b:9d:ed:6a:ce:43 \
src 1d:44:9d:54:da:de user-def 0x8000000000000022 loc 38 \
action 0x200000000
Redirect traffic on VXLAN using tunnel id 34 (hex 0x22) coming from
outer MAC address 8b:9d:ed:6a:ce:43 and inner MAC address
1d:44:9d:54:da:de into VF id 1 and call this “rule 38”.
================================================================================
Additional Features and Configurations
-------------------------------------------
Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions
-------------------------------------------------
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started is
distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves adding an
alias line to /etc/modules.conf or /etc/modprobe.conf as well as editing other
system startup scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux
distributions ship with tools to make these changes for you. To learn the
proper way to configure a network device for your system, refer to your
distribution documentation. If during this process you are asked for the driver
or module name, the name for the Base Driver is i40e.
Setting the link-down-on-close Private Flag
-------------------------------------------
When the link-down-on-close private flag is set to "on", the port's link will
go down when the interface is brought down using the ifconfig ethX down command.
Use ethtool to view and set link-down-on-close, as follows:
ethtool --show-priv-flags ethX
ethtool --set-priv-flags ethX link-down-on-close [on|off]
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is
restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages on
your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following:
dmesg -n 8
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.
Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where <x> is the interface number:
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
Alternatively, you can use the ip command as follows:
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth<x>
ip link set up dev eth<x>
This setting is not saved across reboots. The setting change can be made
permanent by adding 'MTU=9000' to the file:
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x> for RHEL or to the file
/etc/sysconfig/network/<config_file> for SLES.
NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 9702. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 9728 bytes.
NOTE: This driver will attempt to use multiple page sized buffers to receive
each jumbo packet. This should help to avoid buffer starvation issues when
allocating receive packets.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Supported ethtool Commands and Options for Filtering
----------------------------------------------------
-n --show-nfc
Retrieves the receive network flow classification configurations.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6
Retrieves the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
-N --config-nfc
Configures the receive network flow classification.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6
m|v|t|s|d|f|n|r...
Configures the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
udp4 UDP over IPv4
udp6 UDP over IPv6
f Hash on bytes 0 and 1 of the Layer 4 header of the rx packet.
n Hash on bytes 2 and 3 of the Layer 4 header of the rx packet.
Speed and Duplex Configuration
------------------------------
In addressing speed and duplex configuration issues, you need to distinguish
between copper-based adapters and fiber-based adapters.
In the default mode, an Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using copper
connections will attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner to determine
the best setting. If the adapter cannot establish link with the link partner
using auto-negotiation, you may need to manually configure the adapter and link
partner to identical settings to establish link and pass packets. This should
only be needed when attempting to link with an older switch that does not
support auto-negotiation or one that has been forced to a specific speed or
duplex mode. Your link partner must match the setting you choose. 1 Gbps speeds
and higher cannot be forced. Use the autonegotiation advertising setting to
manually set devices for 1 Gbps and higher.
NOTE: You cannot set the speed for devices based on the Intel(R) Ethernet
Network Adapter XXV710 based devices.
Speed, duplex, and autonegotiation advertising are configured through the
ethtool* utility. ethtool is included with all versions of Red Hat after Red
Hat 7.2. For the latest version, download and install ethtool from the
following website:
http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Caution: Only experienced network administrators should force speed and duplex
or change autonegotiation advertising manually. The settings at the switch must
always match the adapter settings. Adapter performance may suffer or your
adapter may not operate if you configure the adapter differently from your
switch.
An Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using fiber-based connections, however,
will not attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner since those adapters
operate only in full duplex and only at their native speed.
NAPI
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the i40e driver.
For more information on NAPI, see
https://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/napi
Flow Control
------------
Ethernet Flow Control (IEEE 802.3x) can be configured with ethtool to enable
receiving and transmitting pause frames for i40e. When transmit is enabled,
pause frames are generated when the receive packet buffer crosses a predefined
threshold. When receive is enabled, the transmit unit will halt for the time
delay specified when a pause frame is received.
NOTE: You must have a flow control capable link partner.
Flow Control is disabled by default.
Use ethtool to change the flow control settings.
To enable or disable rx or tx Flow Control:
ethtool -A eth? rx <on|off> tx <on|off>
Note: This command only enables or disables Flow Control if auto-negotiation is
disabled. If auto-negotiation is enabled, this command changes the parameters
used for auto-negotiation with the link partner.
To enable or disable auto-negotiation:
ethtool -s eth? autoneg <on|off>
Note: Flow Control auto-negotiation is part of link auto-negotiation. Depending
on your device, you may not be able to change the auto-negotiation setting.
RSS Hash Flow
-------------
Allows you to set the hash bytes per flow type and any combination of one or
more options for Receive Side Scaling (RSS) hash byte configuration.
#ethtool -N <dev> rx-flow-hash <type> <option>
Where <type> is:
tcp4 signifying TCP over IPv4
udp4 signifying UDP over IPv4
tcp6 signifying TCP over IPv6
udp6 signifying UDP over IPv6
And <option> is one or more of:
s Hash on the IP source address of the rx packet.
d Hash on the IP destination address of the rx packet.
f Hash on bytes 0 and 1 of the Layer 4 header of the rx packet.
n Hash on bytes 2 and 3 of the Layer 4 header of the rx packet.
MAC and VLAN anti-spoofing feature
----------------------------------
When a malicious driver attempts to send a spoofed packet, it is dropped by the
hardware and not transmitted.
NOTE: This feature can be disabled for a specific Virtual Function (VF):
ip link set <pf dev> vf <vf id> spoofchk {off|on}
IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Hardware Clock (PHC)
------------------------------------------------------------
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is used to synchronize clocks in a computer
network. PTP support varies among Intel devices that support this driver. Use
"ethtool -T <netdev name>" to get a definitive list of PTP capabilities
supported by the device.
IEEE 802.1ad (QinQ) Support
---------------------------
The IEEE 802.1ad standard, informally known as QinQ, allows for multiple VLAN
IDs within a single Ethernet frame. VLAN IDs are sometimes referred to as
"tags," and multiple VLAN IDs are thus referred to as a "tag stack." Tag stacks
allow L2 tunneling and the ability to segregate traffic within a particular
VLAN ID, among other uses.
The following are examples of how to configure 802.1ad (QinQ):
ip link add link eth0 eth0.24 type vlan proto 802.1ad id 24
ip link add link eth0.24 eth0.24.371 type vlan proto 802.1Q id 371
Where "24" and "371" are example VLAN IDs.
NOTES:
- 802.1ad (QinQ)is supported in 3.19 and later kernels.
- Receive checksum offloads, cloud filters, and VLAN acceleration are not
supported for 802.1ad (QinQ) packets.
VXLAN and GENEVE Overlay HW Offloading
--------------------------------------
Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) allows you to extend an L2 network over an L3
network, which may be useful in a virtualized or cloud environment. Some
Intel(R) Ethernet Network devices perform VXLAN processing, offloading it from
the operating system. This reduces CPU utilization.
VXLAN offloading is controlled by the tx and rx checksum offload options
provided by ethtool. That is, if tx checksum offload is enabled, and the
adapter has the capability, VXLAN offloading is also enabled.
Support for VXLAN and GENEVE HW offloading is dependent on kernel support of
the HW offloading features.
Multiple Functions per Port
---------------------------
Some adapters based on the Intel Ethernet Controller X710/XL710 support
multiple functions on a single physical port. Configure these functions through
the System Setup/BIOS.
Minimum TX Bandwidth is the guaranteed minimum data transmission bandwidth, as
a percentage of the full physical port link speed, that the partition will
receive. The bandwidth the partition is awarded will never fall below the level
you specify.
The range for the minimum bandwidth values is:
1 to ((100 minus # of partitions on the physical port) plus 1)
For example, if a physical port has 4 partitions, the range would be:
1 to ((100 - 4) + 1 = 97)
The Maximum Bandwidth percentage represents the maximum transmit bandwidth
allocated to the partition as a percentage of the full physical port link
speed. The accepted range of values is 1-100. The value is used as a limiter,
should you chose that any one particular function not be able to consume 100%
of a port's bandwidth (should it be available). The sum of all the values for
Maximum Bandwidth is not restricted, because no more than 100% of a port's
bandwidth can ever be used.
NOTE: X710/XXV710 devices fail to enable Max VFs (64) when Multiple Functions
per Port (MFP) and SR-IOV are enabled. An error from i40e is logged that says
"add vsi failed for VF N, aq_err 16". To workaround the issue, enable less than
64 virtual functions (VFs).
Data Center Bridging (DCB)
--------------------------
NOTE:
The kernel assumes that TC0 is available, and will disable Priority Flow
Control (PFC) on the device if TC0 is not available. To fix this, ensure TC0 is
enabled when setting up DCB on your switch.
DCB is a configuration Quality of Service implementation in hardware. It uses
the VLAN priority tag (802.1p) to filter traffic. That means that there are 8
different priorities that traffic can be filtered into. It also enables
priority flow control (802.1Qbb) which can limit or eliminate the number of
dropped packets during network stress. Bandwidth can be allocated to each of
these priorities, which is enforced at the hardware level (802.1Qaz).
Adapter firmware implements LLDP and DCBX protocol agents as per 802.1AB and
802.1Qaz respectively. The firmware based DCBX agent runs in willing mode only
and can accept settings from a DCBX capable peer. Software configuration of
DCBX parameters via dcbtool/lldptool are not supported.
NOTE: Firmware LLDP can be disabled by setting the private flag disable-fw-lldp.
The i40e driver implements the DCB netlink interface layer to allow user-space
to communicate with the driver and query DCB configuration for the port.
Interrupt Rate Limiting
-----------------------
The Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710 family supports an interrupt rate
limiting mechanism. The user can control, via ethtool, the number of
microseconds between interrupts.
Syntax:
# ethtool -C ethX rx-usecs-high N
Valid Range: 0-235 (0=no limit)
The range of 0-235 microseconds provides an effective range of 4,310 to 250,000
interrupts per second. The value of rx-usecs-high can be set independently of
rx-usecs and tx-usecs in the same ethtool command, and is also independent of
the adaptive interrupt moderation algorithm. The underlying hardware supports
granularity in 4-microsecond intervals, so adjacent values may result in the
same interrupt rate.
One possible use case is the following:
# ethtool -C ethX adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs-high 20 rx-usecs 5
tx-usecs 5
The above command would disable adaptive interrupt moderation, and allow a
maximum of 5 microseconds before indicating a receive or transmit was complete.
However, instead of resulting in as many as 200,000 interrupts per second, it
limits total interrupts per second to 50,000 via the rx-usecs-high parameter.
Application Device Queues (ADq)
-------------------------------
Application Device Queues (ADq) allows you to dedicate one or more queues to a
specific application. This can reduce latency for the specified application,
and allow Tx traffic to be rate limited per application. Follow the steps below
to set ADq.
NOTE: Run all tc commands from the iproute2 <pathtoiproute2>/tc/ directory.
NOTE: ADq is not compatible with cloud filters.
1. Create traffic classes (TCs). Maximum of 8 TCs can be created per
interface. The shaper bw_rlimit parameter is optional.
Example:
Sets up two tcs, tc0 and tc1, with 16 queues each and max tx rate set
to 1Gbit for tc0 and 3Gbit for tc1.
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> root mqprio num_tc 2 map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
queues 16@0 16@16 hw 1 mode channel shaper bw_rlimit min_rate 1Gbit 2Gbit
max_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit
map: priority mapping for up to 16 priorities to tcs
(e.g. map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 sets priorities 0-3 to use tc0 and 4-7 to
use tc1)
queues: for each tc, <num queues>@<offset> (e.g. queues 16@0 16@16 assigns
16 queues to tc0 at offset 0 and 16 queues to tc1 at offset 16. Max total
number of queues for all tcs is 64 or number of cores, whichever is
lower.)
hw 1 mode channel: ‘channel’ with ‘hw’ set to 1 is a new new hardware
offload mode in mqprio that makes full use of the mqprio options, the
TCs, the queue configurations, and the QoS parameters.
shaper bw_rlimit: for each tc, sets minimum and maximum bandwidth rates.
Totals must be equal or less than port speed.
For example: min_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit:
Verify bandwidth limit using network monitoring tools such as ifstat
or sar –n DEV [interval] [number of samples]
NOTE: Setting up channels via ethtool (ethtool -L) is not supported when the
TCs are configured using mqprio.
2. Enable HW TC offload on interface:
# ethtool -K <interface> hw-tc-offload on
3. Apply TCs to ingress (RX) flow of interface:
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> ingress
NOTES:
- You must have kernel version 4.15 or later and the sch_mqprio, act_mirred
and cls_flower modules loaded to set ADq
- You must have iproute2 latest version
- NVM version 6.01 or later is required.
- ADq cannot be enabled when any the following features are enabled: Data
Center Bridging (DCB), Multiple Functions per Port (MFP), or Sideband
Filters.
- If another driver (for example, DPDK) has set cloud filters, you cannot
enable ADq.
- Tunnel filters are not supported in ADq. If encapsulated packets do
arrive in non-tunnel mode, filtering will be done on the inner headers.
For example, for VXLAN traffic in non-tunnel mode, PCTYPE is identified
as a VXLAN encapsulated packet, outer headers are ignored. Therefore,
inner headers are matched.
- If a TC filter on a PF matches traffic over a VF (on the PF), that
traffic will be routed to the appropriate queue of the PF, and will
not be passed on the VF. Such traffic will end up getting dropped higher
up in the TCP/IP stack as it does not match PF address data.
- If traffic matches multiple TC filters that point to different TCs,
that traffic will be duplicated and sent to all matching TC queues.
The hardware switch mirrors the packet to a VSI list when multiple