Certain python requirements fail due to _ctypes

[mattrunchey]

Versions

• Python: 2.7.15rc1
• OS: ubuntu 18.04
• Buildozer: master (0.40.0.dev)

Description

I have created a basic docker image, been running in the shell, just to get a bare metal APK going. The only thing I've changed in the buildozer.spec is my python requirements:

requirements = python3,kivy,future,decorator

Essentially, I can successfully build if i take out the decorator requirement. This also happens with enum34. Many other requirements work successfully, such as python-dateutil, msgpack, monotonic. The last line of the stacktrace suggests there is an issue finding _ctypes in setuptools...

buildozer.spec

Command:

buildozer android debug
<snip>
...
  STDOUT:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 11, in <module>
    import setuptools
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
    from setuptools.dist import Distribution, Feature
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/dist.py", line 25, in <module>
    from setuptools import windows_support
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/windows_support.py", line 2, in <module>
    import ctypes
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

Spec file: (the exact thing generated by buildozer init, except for the additional requirements)

[app]

# (str) Title of your application
title = My Application

# (str) Package name
package.name = myapp

# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = org.test

# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .

# (list) Source files to include (let empty to include all the files)
source.include_exts = py,png,jpg,kv,atlas

# (list) List of inclusions using pattern matching
#source.include_patterns = assets/*,images/*.png

# (list) Source files to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_exts = spec

# (list) List of directory to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_dirs = tests, bin

# (list) List of exclusions using pattern matching
#source.exclude_patterns = license,images/*/*.jpg

# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
version = 0.1

# (str) Application versioning (method 2)
# version.regex = __version__ = ['"](.*)['"]
# version.filename = %(source.dir)s/main.py
vim build
# (list) Application requirements
# comma separated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy,decorator

# (str) Custom source folders for requirements
# Sets custom source for any requirements with recipes
# requirements.source.kivy = ../../kivy

# (list) Garden requirements
#garden_requirements =

# (str) Presplash of the application
#presplash.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/presplash.png

# (str) Icon of the application
#icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/icon.png

# (str) Supported orientation (one of landscape, portrait or all)
orientation = portrait

# (list) List of service to declare
#services = NAME:ENTRYPOINT_TO_PY,NAME2:ENTRYPOINT2_TO_PY

#
# OSX Specific
#

#
# author = © Copyright Info

# change the major version of python used by the app
osx.python_version = 3

# Kivy version to use
osx.kivy_version = 1.10.1

#
# Android specific
#

# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not
fullscreen = 0

# (string) Presplash background color (for new android toolchain)
# Supported formats are: #RRGGBB #AARRGGBB or one of the following names:
# red, blue, green, black, white, gray, cyan, magenta, yellow, lightgray,
# darkgray, grey, lightgrey, darkgrey, aqua, fuchsia, lime, maroon, navy,
# olive, purple, silver, teal.
#android.presplash_color = #FFFFFF

# (list) Permissions
#android.permissions = INTERNET

# (int) Android API to use
android.api = 26

# (int) Minimum API required
#android.minapi = 9

# (int) Android SDK version to use
#android.sdk = 20

# (str) Android NDK version to use
#android.ndk = r19-darwin-x86_64

# (bool) Use --private data storage (True) or --dir public storage (False)
#android.private_storage = True

# (str) Android NDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ndk_path = /ndks/android-ndk-r18b

# (str) Android SDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.sdk_path =

# (str) ANT directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ant_path =

# (bool) If True, then skip trying to update the Android sdk
# This can be useful to avoid excess Internet downloads or save time
# when an update is due and you just want to test/build your package
# android.skip_update = False

# (str) Android entry point, default is ok for Kivy-based app
#android.entrypoint = org.renpy.android.PythonActivity

# (list) Pattern to whitelist for the whole project
#android.whitelist =

# (str) Path to a custom whitelist file
#android.whitelist_src =

# (str) Path to a custom blacklist file
#android.blacklist_src =

# (list) List of Java .jar files to add to the libs so that pyjnius can access
# their classes. Don't add jars that you do not need, since extra jars can slow
# down the build process. Allows wildcards matching, for example:
# OUYA-ODK/libs/*.jar
#android.add_jars = foo.jar,bar.jar,path/to/more/*.jar

# (list) List of Java files to add to the android project (can be java or a
# directory containing the files)
#android.add_src =

# (list) Android AAR archives to add (currently works only with sdl2_gradle
# bootstrap)
#android.add_aars =

# (list) Gradle dependencies to add (currently works only with sdl2_gradle
# bootstrap)
#android.gradle_dependencies =

# (list) Java classes to add as activities to the manifest.
#android.add_activites = com.example.ExampleActivity

# (str) python-for-android branch to use, defaults to stable
p4a.branch = stable

# (str) OUYA Console category. Should be one of GAME or APP
# If you leave this blank, OUYA support will not be enabled
#android.ouya.category = GAME

# (str) Filename of OUYA Console icon. It must be a 732x412 png image.
#android.ouya.icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/ouya_icon.png

# (str) XML file to include as an intent filters in <activity> tag
#android.manifest.intent_filters =

# (str) launchMode to set for the main activity
#android.manifest.launch_mode = standard

# (list) Android additional libraries to copy into libs/armeabi
#android.add_libs_armeabi = libs/android/*.so
#android.add_libs_armeabi_v7a = libs/android-v7/*.so
#android.add_libs_x86 = libs/android-x86/*.so
#android.add_libs_mips = libs/android-mips/*.so

# (bool) Indicate whether the screen should stay on
# Don't forget to add the WAKE_LOCK permission if you set this to True
#android.wakelock = False

# (list) Android application meta-data to set (key=value format)
#android.meta_data =

# (list) Android library project to add (will be added in the
# project.properties automatically.)
#android.library_references =

# (str) Android logcat filters to use
#android.logcat_filters = *:S python:D

# (bool) Copy library instead of making a libpymodules.so
#android.copy_libs = 1

# (str) The Android arch to build for, choices: armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86
android.arch = armeabi-v7a

#
# Python for android (p4a) specific
#

# (str) python-for-android git clone directory (if empty, it will be automatically cloned from github)
#p4a.source_dir =

# (str) The directory in which python-for-android should look for your own build recipes (if any)
#p4a.local_recipes =

# (str) Filename to the hook for p4a
#p4a.hook =

# (str) Bootstrap to use for android builds
# p4a.bootstrap = sdl2

# (int) port number to specify an explicit --port= p4a argument (eg for bootstrap flask)
#p4a.port =


#
# iOS specific
#

# (str) Path to a custom kivy-ios folder
#ios.kivy_ios_dir = ../kivy-ios

# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the debug version
# Get a list of available identities: buildozer ios list_identities
#ios.codesign.debug = "iPhone Developer: <lastname> <firstname> (<hexstring>)"

# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the release version
#ios.codesign.release = %(ios.codesign.debug)s


[buildozer]

# (int) Log level (0 = error only, 1 = info, 2 = debug (with command output))
log_level = 2

# (int) Display warning if buildozer is run as root (0 = False, 1 = True)
warn_on_root = 1

# (str) Path to build artifact storage, absolute or relative to spec file
# build_dir = ./.buildozer

# (str) Path to build output (i.e. .apk, .ipa) storage
# bin_dir = ./bin

#    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#    List as sections
#
#    You can define all the "list" as [section:key].
#    Each line will be considered as a option to the list.
#    Let's take [app] / source.exclude_patterns.
#    Instead of doing:
#
#[app]
#source.exclude_patterns = license,data/audio/*.wav,data/images/original/*
#
#    This can be translated into:
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns]
#license
#data/audio/*.wav
#data/images/original/*
#


#    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#    Profiles
#
#    You can extend section / key with a profile
#    For example, you want to deploy a demo version of your application without
#    HD content. You could first change the title to add "(demo)" in the name
#    and extend the excluded directories to remove the HD content.
#
#[app@demo]
#title = My Application (demo)
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns@demo]
#images/hd/*
#
#    Then, invoke the command line with the "demo" profile:
#
#buildozer --profile demo android debug

Logs

[INFO]:    Building setuptools for armeabi-v7a
[INFO]:    setuptools apparently isn't already in site-packages
[INFO]:    Installing setuptools into site-packages
[INFO]:    -> directory context /kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools
[INFO]:    -> running python setup.py install -O2 --root=/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/python-installs/myapp --install-lib=.
           working:   File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setException in thread background thread for pid 78291:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 801, in __bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 754, in run
    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sh.py", line 1540, in wrap
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sh.py", line 2459, in background_thread
    handle_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sh.py", line 2157, in fn
    return self.command.handle_command_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sh.py", line 815, in handle_command_exit_code
    raise exc
ErrorReturnCode_1: 

  RAN: /kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/native-build/python setup.py install -O2 --root=/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/python-installs/myapp --install-lib=.

  STDOUT:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 11, in <module>
    import setuptools
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
    from setuptools.dist import Distribution, Feature
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/dist.py", line 25, in <module>
    from setuptools import windows_support
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/windows_support.py", line 2, in <module>
    import ctypes
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'


  STDERR:


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 174, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", fname, loader, pkg_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/runpy.py", line 72, in _run_code
    exec code in run_globals
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 1057, in <module>
    main()
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 1051, in main
    ToolchainCL()
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 560, in __init__
    getattr(self, args.subparser_name.replace('-', '_'))(args)
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 151, in wrapper_func
    build_dist_from_args(ctx, dist, args)
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 192, in build_dist_from_args
    build_recipes(build_order, python_modules, ctx)
  File "pythonforandroid/build.py", line 565, in build_recipes
  File "pythonforandroid/recipe.py", line 824, in build_arch
  File "pythonforandroid/recipe.py", line 845, in install_python_package
  File "pythonforandroid/logger.py", line 178, in shprint
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sh.py", line 863, in next
    self.wait()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sh.py", line 792, in wait
    self.handle_command_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sh.py", line 815, in handle_command_exit_code
    raise exc
sh.ErrorReturnCode_1: 

  RAN: /kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/native-build/python setup.py install -O2 --root=/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/python-installs/myapp --install-lib=.

  STDOUT:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 11, in <module>
    import setuptools
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
    from setuptools.dist import Distribution, Feature
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/dist.py", line 25, in <module>
    from setuptools import windows_support
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/windows_support.py", line 2, in <module>
    import ctypes
  File "/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

# Command failed: /usr/bin/python -m pythonforandroid.toolchain create --dist_name=myapp --bootstrap=sdl2 --requirements=python3,kivy,future,decorator --arch armeabi-v7a --copy-libs --color=always --storage-dir="/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build" --ndk-api=21

[mattrunchey]

I found a few other modifications that were suggested, but unfortunately it didn't resolve

(1) Add libffi to the requirements
(2) Install apt-get install autogen autoconf libtool

That gets libffi to be actually built, but it's not succeeding:

Makefile:1176: recipe for target 'libffi.la' failed
make: *** [libffi.la] Error 1

[opacam]

Add libffi to you requeriments, the python3 recipe needs that library to successfully build the python's _ctypes module:

requirements = libffi,python3,kivy,future,decorator

@mattrunchey, please, check if that works for you and close this issue if that is the case 😉

[mattrunchey]

Almost! Seems to be an error that prevents libffi building - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6881164/crtbegin-so-o-missing-for-android-toolchain-custom-build ... trying a couple of things real quick.

libtool: link: /usr/bin/ccache arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -DANDROID -fomit-frame-pointer -D__ANDROID_API__=21 -mandroid -isystem /root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/sysroot/usr/include/arm-linux-androideabi -I/root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/sysroot/usr/include/arm-linux-androideabi -isysroot /root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/sysroot -I/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/python-installs/myapp/include/python3.7 -shared  -fPIC -DPIC  src/.libs/prep_cif.o src/.libs/types.o src/.libs/raw_api.o src/.libs/java_raw_api.o src/.libs/closures.o src/arm/.libs/sysv.o src/arm/.libs/ffi.o   -L/kivytools/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/libs_collections/myapp/armeabi-v7a -lm  -mandroid -isysroot /root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/sysroot -mandroid -isysroot /root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/sysroot -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=softfp -mfpu=vfp -mthumb --sysroot --sysroot /root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/platforms/android-21/arch-arm   -Wl,-soname -Wl,libffi.so -o .libs/libffi.so
/root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x/../../../../arm-linux-androideabi/bin/ld: error: cannot open crtbegin_so.o: No such file or directory

Which is weird, since the "hacky stuff for linking" copies those files...

[WARNING]: Doing some hacky stuff to link properly
[INFO]:    -> running cp /root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/platforms/android-21/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtbegin_so.o ./
[INFO]:    -> running cp /root/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r17c/platforms/android-21/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtend_so.o ./

I'm going to try it with another android-ndk, but am not hopeful. I can't quite manually try the rebuild within buildozer, but I'm going to see if I can't compile it manually and rule out an ubuntu 18.04 issue.

[mattrunchey]

Yea, I'm unable to build libffi on both ubuntu 16.04 and ubuntu 18.04 with a python3 target. Here's a series of setup commands that should enable you to repro it:

(use ubuntu:xenail or ubuntu:bionic)

docker run -it ubuntu:xenial /bin/bash
apt update -qq > /dev/null &&     apt install -qq --yes --no-install-recommends     locales &&     locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
apt install -qq --yes --no-install-recommends     sudo python-pip python-setuptools file
dpkg --add-architecture i386 && apt update -qq > /dev/null && apt install -qq --yes --no-install-recommends build-essential ccache git libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386 libpangox-1.0-0:i386 libpangoxft-1.0-0:i386 libidn11:i386 python2.7 python2.7-dev openjdk-8-jdk unzip zlib1g-dev zlib1g:i386
apt-get install vim zip python3-venv autoconf autogen libtool wget
pip install  https://github.com/kivy/buildozer/archive/master.zip
pip install cython
mkdir kivyfoo
cd kivyfoo
buildozer init
vim buildozer.spec
(add libffi and decorator to requirements line, change log_level to 2)
buildozer android debug

You'll see the debug fail to build libffi, and still fail when trying to use _ctypes for decorator.

[opacam]

Can you add libffi-dev into your apt-get install command and try it again please?

[mattrunchey]

Yessir

Also, amended my above to include the pip installs for buildozer that I missed, in addition to the libffi-dev.

Thank you for the accurate help!! It seems to work now. Hopefully anyone else coming across this problem can use this issue as a way to resolve/path forward :)

[myasul]

Hi Team,

I'm encountering the same issue. Even though I followed the steps provided.

• installing libffi-dev
• including libffi in requirements.

Versions

• Python: Python 3.6.7
• OS: Ubuntu 18.04
• Buildozer: 0.40.dev0

buildozer.spec

# (list) Application requirements
# comma separated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy
requirements = libffi-dev,python3,kivy,sqlalchemy

# (str) Custom source folders for requirements
# Sets custom source for any requirements with recipes
# requirements.source.kivy = ../../kivy

libffi-dev

myasul@ubuntu:~/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary$ sudo apt-get install libffi-dev
[sudo] password for myasul: 
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for myasul: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
libffi-dev is already the newest version (3.2.1-8).
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  python3-gst-1.0
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.

logs

[INFO]:    Building setuptools for armeabi-v7a
[INFO]:    setuptools apparently isn't already in site-packages
[INFO]:    Installing setuptools into site-packages
[INFO]:    -> directory context /home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools
[INFO]:    -> running python setup.py install -O2 --root=/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/bu...(and 50 more)
Exception in thread background thread for pid 81174:                                                                                                                            
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/home/myasul/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sh.py", line 1540, in wrap
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/myasul/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sh.py", line 2459, in background_thread
    handle_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/home/myasul/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sh.py", line 2157, in fn
    return self.command.handle_command_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/home/myasul/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sh.py", line 815, in handle_command_exit_code
    raise exc
sh.ErrorReturnCode_1: 

  RAN: /home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/native-build/python setup.py install -O2 --root=/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/python-installs/ekt_dictionary --install-lib=.

  STDOUT:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 11, in <module>
    import setuptools
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
    from setuptools.dist import Distribution, Feature
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/dist.py", line 25, in <module>
    from setuptools import windows_support
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/windows_support.py", line 2, in <module>
    import ctypes
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'


  STDERR:


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 1081, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 1075, in main
    ToolchainCL()
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 577, in __init__
    getattr(self, args.subparser_name.replace('-', '_'))(args)
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 151, in wrapper_func
    build_dist_from_args(ctx, dist, args)
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/toolchain.py", line 200, in build_dist_from_args
    build_recipes(build_order, python_modules, ctx)
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/build.py", line 562, in build_recipes
    recipe.build_arch(arch)
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/recipe.py", line 834, in build_arch
    self.install_python_package(arch)
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/recipe.py", line 855, in install_python_package
    _env=hpenv, *self.setup_extra_args)
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/python-for-android/pythonforandroid/logger.py", line 178, in shprint
    for line in output:
  File "/home/myasul/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sh.py", line 863, in next
    self.wait()
  File "/home/myasul/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sh.py", line 792, in wait
    self.handle_command_exit_code(exit_code)
  File "/home/myasul/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sh.py", line 815, in handle_command_exit_code
    raise exc
sh.ErrorReturnCode_1: 

  RAN: /home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/native-build/python setup.py install -O2 --root=/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/python-installs/ekt_dictionary --install-lib=.

  STDOUT:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 11, in <module>
    import setuptools
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
    from setuptools.dist import Distribution, Feature
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/dist.py", line 25, in <module>
    from setuptools import windows_support
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/setuptools-python3/armeabi-v7a__ndk_target_21/setuptools/setuptools/windows_support.py", line 2, in <module>
    import ctypes
  File "/home/myasul/Documents/personal_projects/ekt_dictionary/.buildozer/android/platform/build/build/other_builds/hostpython3/desktop/hostpython3/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

Can you please advise what else I can try to resolve the issue? Should I open a new issue?

[myasul]

I have resolved the issue by deleting the .buildozer inside my projects folder then building again. I have a new error, I'll just raise a new issue. Thank you!

[KyrillosAkram]

I had the same issue until i cleaned buildozer by this command
buildozer android clean
then renamed the .py file to main.py
check this https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54621830/errors-packaging-app-for-android-using-ubuntu-and-buildozer
make sure that libffi in requirments not libffi-dev

please tell if this solved the problem

[xloem]

Can you add libffi-dev into your apt-get install command and try it again please?

Is this really resolved? Given that python-for-android downloads libffi as part of the build process, shouldn't it be able to use the libffi that it downloaded?