Paul Debevec captures the "light field" of a human face (i.e., how the face appears when illuminated from every possible direction). Multiplying these light fields against captured environments, he is able to relight subjects from new locations.
Paul Debevec, Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human Face (2000)
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Spherical mirror arrays, which capture a scene from many simultaneous perspectives, allow for interesting possibilities, including distortion correction, digital refocusing for artistic depth of field effects in wide-angle scenes, and wide-angle dense depth estimation.
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Images of what someone is looking at can be recovered from reflections in their eyes. Identifiable Images of Bystanders Extracted from Corneal Reflections (Rob Jenkins, Christie Kerr) http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/humans-are-really-good-at-facial-recognition
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Surface reflectance can also be recovered using a tapered kaleidoscope, as in this work by Ken Perlin and Jeff Han
