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tini.c
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tini.c
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/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "tiniConfig.h"
#include "tiniLicense.h"
#if TINI_MINIMAL
#define PRINT_FATAL(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#define PRINT_WARNING(...) if (verbosity > 0) { fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stderr, "\n"); }
#define PRINT_INFO(...) if (verbosity > 1) { fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); }
#define PRINT_DEBUG(...) if (verbosity > 2) { fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); }
#define PRINT_TRACE(...) if (verbosity > 3) { fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); }
#define DEFAULT_VERBOSITY 0
#else
#define PRINT_FATAL(...) fprintf(stderr, "[FATAL tini (%i)] ", getpid()); fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#define PRINT_WARNING(...) if (verbosity > 0) { fprintf(stderr, "[WARN tini (%i)] ", getpid()); fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stderr, "\n"); }
#define PRINT_INFO(...) if (verbosity > 1) { fprintf(stdout, "[INFO tini (%i)] ", getpid()); fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); }
#define PRINT_DEBUG(...) if (verbosity > 2) { fprintf(stdout, "[DEBUG tini (%i)] ", getpid()); fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); }
#define PRINT_TRACE(...) if (verbosity > 3) { fprintf(stdout, "[TRACE tini (%i)] ", getpid()); fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); }
#define DEFAULT_VERBOSITY 1
#endif
#define ARRAY_LEN(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
#define INT32_BITFIELD_SET(F, i) ( F[(i / 32)] |= (1 << (i % 32)) )
#define INT32_BITFIELD_CLEAR(F, i) ( F[(i / 32)] &= ~(1 << (i % 32)) )
#define INT32_BITFIELD_TEST(F, i) ( F[(i / 32)] & (1 << (i % 32)) )
#define INT32_BITFIELD_CHECK_BOUNDS(F, i) do { assert(i >= 0); assert(ARRAY_LEN(F) > (uint) (i / 32)); } while(0)
#define STATUS_MAX 255
#define STATUS_MIN 0
typedef struct {
sigset_t* const sigmask_ptr;
struct sigaction* const sigttin_action_ptr;
struct sigaction* const sigttou_action_ptr;
} signal_configuration_t;
static const struct {
char *const name;
int number;
} signal_names[] = {
{ "SIGHUP", SIGHUP },
{ "SIGINT", SIGINT },
{ "SIGQUIT", SIGQUIT },
{ "SIGILL", SIGILL },
{ "SIGTRAP", SIGTRAP },
{ "SIGABRT", SIGABRT },
{ "SIGBUS", SIGBUS },
{ "SIGFPE", SIGFPE },
{ "SIGKILL", SIGKILL },
{ "SIGUSR1", SIGUSR1 },
{ "SIGSEGV", SIGSEGV },
{ "SIGUSR2", SIGUSR2 },
{ "SIGPIPE", SIGPIPE },
{ "SIGALRM", SIGALRM },
{ "SIGTERM", SIGTERM },
{ "SIGCHLD", SIGCHLD },
{ "SIGCONT", SIGCONT },
{ "SIGSTOP", SIGSTOP },
{ "SIGTSTP", SIGTSTP },
{ "SIGTTIN", SIGTTIN },
{ "SIGTTOU", SIGTTOU },
{ "SIGURG", SIGURG },
{ "SIGXCPU", SIGXCPU },
{ "SIGXFSZ", SIGXFSZ },
{ "SIGVTALRM", SIGVTALRM },
{ "SIGPROF", SIGPROF },
{ "SIGWINCH", SIGWINCH },
{ "SIGSYS", SIGSYS },
};
static unsigned int verbosity = DEFAULT_VERBOSITY;
static int32_t expect_status[(STATUS_MAX - STATUS_MIN + 1) / 32];
#ifdef PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
#define HAS_SUBREAPER 1
#define OPT_STRING "p:hvwgle:s"
#define SUBREAPER_ENV_VAR "TINI_SUBREAPER"
#else
#define HAS_SUBREAPER 0
#define OPT_STRING "p:hvwgle:"
#endif
#define VERBOSITY_ENV_VAR "TINI_VERBOSITY"
#define KILL_PROCESS_GROUP_GROUP_ENV_VAR "TINI_KILL_PROCESS_GROUP"
#define TINI_VERSION_STRING "tini version " TINI_VERSION TINI_GIT
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
static unsigned int subreaper = 0;
#endif
static unsigned int parent_death_signal = 0;
static unsigned int kill_process_group = 0;
static unsigned int warn_on_reap = 0;
static struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 1, .tv_nsec = 0 };
static const char reaper_warning[] = "Tini is not running as PID 1 "
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
"and isn't registered as a child subreaper"
#endif
".\n\
Zombie processes will not be re-parented to Tini, so zombie reaping won't work.\n\
To fix the problem, "
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
#ifndef TINI_MINIMAL
"use the -s option or "
#endif
"set the environment variable " SUBREAPER_ENV_VAR " to register Tini as a child subreaper, or "
#endif
"run Tini as PID 1.";
int restore_signals(const signal_configuration_t* const sigconf_ptr) {
if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, sigconf_ptr->sigmask_ptr, NULL)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Restoring child signal mask failed: '%s'", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
if (sigaction(SIGTTIN, sigconf_ptr->sigttin_action_ptr, NULL)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Restoring SIGTTIN handler failed: '%s'", strerror((errno)));
return 1;
}
if (sigaction(SIGTTOU, sigconf_ptr->sigttou_action_ptr, NULL)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Restoring SIGTTOU handler failed: '%s'", strerror((errno)));
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int isolate_child() {
// Put the child into a new process group.
if (setpgid(0, 0) < 0) {
PRINT_FATAL("setpgid failed: %s", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
// If there is a tty, allocate it to this new process group. We
// can do this in the child process because we're blocking
// SIGTTIN / SIGTTOU.
// Doing it in the child process avoids a race condition scenario
// if Tini is calling Tini (in which case the grandparent may make the
// parent the foreground process group, and the actual child ends up...
// in the background!)
if (tcsetpgrp(STDIN_FILENO, getpgrp())) {
if (errno == ENOTTY) {
PRINT_DEBUG("tcsetpgrp failed: no tty (ok to proceed)");
} else if (errno == ENXIO) {
// can occur on lx-branded zones
PRINT_DEBUG("tcsetpgrp failed: no such device (ok to proceed)");
} else {
PRINT_FATAL("tcsetpgrp failed: %s", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
int spawn(const signal_configuration_t* const sigconf_ptr, char* const argv[], int* const child_pid_ptr) {
pid_t pid;
// TODO: check if tini was a foreground process to begin with (it's not OK to "steal" the foreground!")
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
PRINT_FATAL("fork failed: %s", strerror(errno));
return 1;
} else if (pid == 0) {
// Put the child in a process group and make it the foreground process if there is a tty.
if (isolate_child()) {
return 1;
}
// Restore all signal handlers to the way they were before we touched them.
if (restore_signals(sigconf_ptr)) {
return 1;
}
execvp(argv[0], argv);
// execvp will only return on an error so make sure that we check the errno
// and exit with the correct return status for the error that we encountered
// See: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/exitcodes.html#EXITCODESREF
int status = 1;
switch (errno) {
case ENOENT:
status = 127;
break;
case EACCES:
status = 126;
break;
}
PRINT_FATAL("exec %s failed: %s", argv[0], strerror(errno));
return status;
} else {
// Parent
PRINT_INFO("Spawned child process '%s' with pid '%i'", argv[0], pid);
*child_pid_ptr = pid;
return 0;
}
}
void print_usage(char* const name, FILE* const file) {
fprintf(file, "%s (%s)\n", basename(name), TINI_VERSION_STRING);
#if TINI_MINIMAL
fprintf(file, "Usage: %s PROGRAM [ARGS] | --version\n\n", basename(name));
#else
fprintf(file, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] PROGRAM -- [ARGS] | --version\n\n", basename(name));
#endif
fprintf(file, "Execute a program under the supervision of a valid init process (%s)\n\n", basename(name));
fprintf(file, "Command line options:\n\n");
fprintf(file, " --version: Show version and exit.\n");
#if TINI_MINIMAL
#else
fprintf(file, " -h: Show this help message and exit.\n");
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
fprintf(file, " -s: Register as a process subreaper (requires Linux >= 3.4).\n");
#endif
fprintf(file, " -p SIGNAL: Trigger SIGNAL when parent dies, e.g. \"-p SIGKILL\".\n");
fprintf(file, " -v: Generate more verbose output. Repeat up to 3 times.\n");
fprintf(file, " -w: Print a warning when processes are getting reaped.\n");
fprintf(file, " -g: Send signals to the child's process group.\n");
fprintf(file, " -e EXIT_CODE: Remap EXIT_CODE (from 0 to 255) to 0 (can be repeated).\n");
fprintf(file, " -l: Show license and exit.\n");
#endif
fprintf(file, "\n");
fprintf(file, "Environment variables:\n\n");
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
fprintf(file, " %s: Register as a process subreaper (requires Linux >= 3.4).\n", SUBREAPER_ENV_VAR);
#endif
fprintf(file, " %s: Set the verbosity level (default: %d).\n", VERBOSITY_ENV_VAR, DEFAULT_VERBOSITY);
fprintf(file, " %s: Send signals to the child's process group.\n", KILL_PROCESS_GROUP_GROUP_ENV_VAR);
fprintf(file, "\n");
}
void print_license(FILE* const file) {
if(LICENSE_len > fwrite(LICENSE, sizeof(char), LICENSE_len, file)) {
// Don't handle this error for now, since parse_args won't care
// about the return value. We do need to check it to compile with
// older glibc, though.
// See: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=25509
// See: http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11959
}
}
int set_pdeathsig(char* const arg) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LEN(signal_names); i++) {
if (strcmp(signal_names[i].name, arg) == 0) {
/* Signals start at value "1" */
parent_death_signal = signal_names[i].number;
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
int add_expect_status(char* arg) {
long status = 0;
char* endptr = NULL;
status = strtol(arg, &endptr, 10);
if ((endptr == NULL) || (*endptr != 0)) {
return 1;
}
if ((status < STATUS_MIN) || (status > STATUS_MAX)) {
return 1;
}
INT32_BITFIELD_CHECK_BOUNDS(expect_status, status);
INT32_BITFIELD_SET(expect_status, status);
return 0;
}
int parse_args(const int argc, char* const argv[], char* (**child_args_ptr_ptr)[], int* const parse_fail_exitcode_ptr) {
char* name = argv[0];
// We handle --version if it's the *only* argument provided.
if (argc == 2 && strcmp("--version", argv[1]) == 0) {
*parse_fail_exitcode_ptr = 0;
fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", TINI_VERSION_STRING);
return 1;
}
#ifndef TINI_MINIMAL
int c;
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, OPT_STRING)) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case 'h':
print_usage(name, stdout);
*parse_fail_exitcode_ptr = 0;
return 1;
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
case 's':
subreaper++;
break;
#endif
case 'p':
if (set_pdeathsig(optarg)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Not a valid option for -p: %s", optarg);
*parse_fail_exitcode_ptr = 1;
return 1;
}
break;
case 'v':
verbosity++;
break;
case 'w':
warn_on_reap++;
break;
case 'g':
kill_process_group++;
break;
case 'e':
if (add_expect_status(optarg)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Not a valid option for -e: %s", optarg);
*parse_fail_exitcode_ptr = 1;
return 1;
}
break;
case 'l':
print_license(stdout);
*parse_fail_exitcode_ptr = 0;
return 1;
case '?':
print_usage(name, stderr);
return 1;
default:
/* Should never happen */
return 1;
}
}
#endif
*child_args_ptr_ptr = calloc(argc-optind+1, sizeof(char*));
if (*child_args_ptr_ptr == NULL) {
PRINT_FATAL("Failed to allocate memory for child args: '%s'", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
int i;
for (i = 0; i < argc - optind; i++) {
(**child_args_ptr_ptr)[i] = argv[optind+i];
}
(**child_args_ptr_ptr)[i] = NULL;
if (i == 0) {
/* User forgot to provide args! */
print_usage(name, stderr);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int parse_env() {
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
if (getenv(SUBREAPER_ENV_VAR) != NULL) {
subreaper++;
}
#endif
if (getenv(KILL_PROCESS_GROUP_GROUP_ENV_VAR) != NULL) {
kill_process_group++;
}
char* env_verbosity = getenv(VERBOSITY_ENV_VAR);
if (env_verbosity != NULL) {
verbosity = atoi(env_verbosity);
}
return 0;
}
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
int register_subreaper () {
if (subreaper > 0) {
if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1)) {
if (errno == EINVAL) {
PRINT_FATAL("PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER is unavailable on this platform. Are you using Linux >= 3.4?")
} else {
PRINT_FATAL("Failed to register as child subreaper: %s", strerror(errno))
}
return 1;
} else {
PRINT_TRACE("Registered as child subreaper");
}
}
return 0;
}
#endif
void reaper_check () {
/* Check that we can properly reap zombies */
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
int bit = 0;
#endif
if (getpid() == 1) {
return;
}
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
if (prctl(PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, &bit)) {
PRINT_DEBUG("Failed to read child subreaper attribute: %s", strerror(errno));
} else if (bit == 1) {
return;
}
#endif
PRINT_WARNING(reaper_warning);
}
int configure_signals(sigset_t* const parent_sigset_ptr, const signal_configuration_t* const sigconf_ptr) {
/* Block all signals that are meant to be collected by the main loop */
if (sigfillset(parent_sigset_ptr)) {
PRINT_FATAL("sigfillset failed: '%s'", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
// These ones shouldn't be collected by the main loop
uint i;
int signals_for_tini[] = {SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGABRT, SIGTRAP, SIGSYS, SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU};
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LEN(signals_for_tini); i++) {
if (sigdelset(parent_sigset_ptr, signals_for_tini[i])) {
PRINT_FATAL("sigdelset failed: '%i'", signals_for_tini[i]);
return 1;
}
}
if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, parent_sigset_ptr, sigconf_ptr->sigmask_ptr)) {
PRINT_FATAL("sigprocmask failed: '%s'", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
// Handle SIGTTIN and SIGTTOU separately. Since Tini makes the child process group
// the foreground process group, there's a chance Tini can end up not controlling the tty.
// If TOSTOP is set on the tty, this could block Tini on writing debug messages. We don't
// want that. Ignore those signals.
struct sigaction ign_action;
memset(&ign_action, 0, sizeof ign_action);
ign_action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
sigemptyset(&ign_action.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(SIGTTIN, &ign_action, sigconf_ptr->sigttin_action_ptr)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Failed to ignore SIGTTIN");
return 1;
}
if (sigaction(SIGTTOU, &ign_action, sigconf_ptr->sigttou_action_ptr)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Failed to ignore SIGTTOU");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int wait_and_forward_signal(sigset_t const* const parent_sigset_ptr, pid_t const child_pid) {
siginfo_t sig;
if (sigtimedwait(parent_sigset_ptr, &sig, &ts) == -1) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
break;
case EINTR:
break;
default:
PRINT_FATAL("Unexpected error in sigtimedwait: '%s'", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
} else {
/* There is a signal to handle here */
switch (sig.si_signo) {
case SIGCHLD:
/* Special-cased, as we don't forward SIGCHLD. Instead, we'll
* fallthrough to reaping processes.
*/
PRINT_DEBUG("Received SIGCHLD");
break;
default:
PRINT_DEBUG("Passing signal: '%s'", strsignal(sig.si_signo));
/* Forward anything else */
if (kill(kill_process_group ? -child_pid : child_pid, sig.si_signo)) {
if (errno == ESRCH) {
PRINT_WARNING("Child was dead when forwarding signal");
} else {
PRINT_FATAL("Unexpected error when forwarding signal: '%s'", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
}
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
int reap_zombies(const pid_t child_pid, int* const child_exitcode_ptr) {
pid_t current_pid;
int current_status;
while (1) {
current_pid = waitpid(-1, ¤t_status, WNOHANG);
switch (current_pid) {
case -1:
if (errno == ECHILD) {
PRINT_TRACE("No child to wait");
break;
}
PRINT_FATAL("Error while waiting for pids: '%s'", strerror(errno));
return 1;
case 0:
PRINT_TRACE("No child to reap");
break;
default:
/* A child was reaped. Check whether it's the main one. If it is, then
* set the exit_code, which will cause us to exit once we've reaped everyone else.
*/
PRINT_DEBUG("Reaped child with pid: '%i'", current_pid);
if (current_pid == child_pid) {
if (WIFEXITED(current_status)) {
/* Our process exited normally. */
PRINT_INFO("Main child exited normally (with status '%i')", WEXITSTATUS(current_status));
*child_exitcode_ptr = WEXITSTATUS(current_status);
} else if (WIFSIGNALED(current_status)) {
/* Our process was terminated. Emulate what sh / bash
* would do, which is to return 128 + signal number.
*/
PRINT_INFO("Main child exited with signal (with signal '%s')", strsignal(WTERMSIG(current_status)));
*child_exitcode_ptr = 128 + WTERMSIG(current_status);
} else {
PRINT_FATAL("Main child exited for unknown reason");
return 1;
}
// Be safe, ensure the status code is indeed between 0 and 255.
*child_exitcode_ptr = *child_exitcode_ptr % (STATUS_MAX - STATUS_MIN + 1);
// If this exitcode was remapped, then set it to 0.
INT32_BITFIELD_CHECK_BOUNDS(expect_status, *child_exitcode_ptr);
if (INT32_BITFIELD_TEST(expect_status, *child_exitcode_ptr)) {
*child_exitcode_ptr = 0;
}
} else if (warn_on_reap > 0) {
PRINT_WARNING("Reaped zombie process with pid=%i", current_pid);
}
// Check if other childs have been reaped.
continue;
}
/* If we make it here, that's because we did not continue in the switch case. */
break;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
pid_t child_pid;
// Those are passed to functions to get an exitcode back.
int child_exitcode = -1; // This isn't a valid exitcode, and lets us tell whether the child has exited.
int parse_exitcode = 1; // By default, we exit with 1 if parsing fails.
/* Parse command line arguments */
char* (*child_args_ptr)[];
int parse_args_ret = parse_args(argc, argv, &child_args_ptr, &parse_exitcode);
if (parse_args_ret) {
return parse_exitcode;
}
/* Parse environment */
if (parse_env()) {
return 1;
}
/* Configure signals */
sigset_t parent_sigset, child_sigset;
struct sigaction sigttin_action, sigttou_action;
memset(&sigttin_action, 0, sizeof sigttin_action);
memset(&sigttou_action, 0, sizeof sigttou_action);
signal_configuration_t child_sigconf = {
.sigmask_ptr = &child_sigset,
.sigttin_action_ptr = &sigttin_action,
.sigttou_action_ptr = &sigttou_action,
};
if (configure_signals(&parent_sigset, &child_sigconf)) {
return 1;
}
/* Trigger signal on this process when the parent process exits. */
if (parent_death_signal && prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, parent_death_signal)) {
PRINT_FATAL("Failed to set up parent death signal");
return 1;
}
#if HAS_SUBREAPER
/* If available and requested, register as a subreaper */
if (register_subreaper()) {
return 1;
};
#endif
/* Are we going to reap zombies properly? If not, warn. */
reaper_check();
/* Go on */
int spawn_ret = spawn(&child_sigconf, *child_args_ptr, &child_pid);
if (spawn_ret) {
return spawn_ret;
}
free(child_args_ptr);
while (1) {
/* Wait for one signal, and forward it */
if (wait_and_forward_signal(&parent_sigset, child_pid)) {
return 1;
}
/* Now, reap zombies */
if (reap_zombies(child_pid, &child_exitcode)) {
return 1;
}
if (child_exitcode != -1) {
PRINT_TRACE("Exiting: child has exited");
return child_exitcode;
}
}
}