endpoints_controller.go

/*
Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package endpoint

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"time"

	"k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	apiequality "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/equality"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	coreinformers "k8s.io/client-go/informers/core/v1"
	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	corelisters "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/leaderelection/resourcelock"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/workqueue"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1/endpoints"
	podutil "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api/v1/pod"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/metrics"

	"github.com/golang/glog"
)

const (
	// maxRetries is the number of times a service will be retried before it is dropped out of the queue.
	// With the current rate-limiter in use (5ms*2^(maxRetries-1)) the following numbers represent the
	// sequence of delays between successive queuings of a service.
	//
	// 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, 160ms, 320ms, 640ms, 1.3s, 2.6s, 5.1s, 10.2s, 20.4s, 41s, 82s
	maxRetries = 15

	// An annotation on the Service denoting if the endpoints controller should
	// go ahead and create endpoints for unready pods. This annotation is
	// currently only used by StatefulSets, where we need the pod to be DNS
	// resolvable during initialization and termination. In this situation we
	// create a headless Service just for the StatefulSet, and clients shouldn't
	// be using this Service for anything so unready endpoints don't matter.
	// Endpoints of these Services retain their DNS records and continue
	// receiving traffic for the Service from the moment the kubelet starts all
	// containers in the pod and marks it "Running", till the kubelet stops all
	// containers and deletes the pod from the apiserver.
	// This field is deprecated. v1.Service.PublishNotReadyAddresses will replace it
	// subsequent releases.
	TolerateUnreadyEndpointsAnnotation = "service.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerate-unready-endpoints"
)

var (
	keyFunc = cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc
)

// NewEndpointController returns a new *EndpointController.
func NewEndpointController(podInformer coreinformers.PodInformer, serviceInformer coreinformers.ServiceInformer,
	endpointsInformer coreinformers.EndpointsInformer, client clientset.Interface) *EndpointController {
	if client != nil && client.Core().RESTClient().GetRateLimiter() != nil {
		metrics.RegisterMetricAndTrackRateLimiterUsage("endpoint_controller", client.Core().RESTClient().GetRateLimiter())
	}
	e := &EndpointController{
		client:           client,
		queue:            workqueue.NewNamedRateLimitingQueue(workqueue.DefaultControllerRateLimiter(), "endpoint"),
		workerLoopPeriod: time.Second,
	}

	serviceInformer.Informer().AddEventHandler(cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
		AddFunc: e.enqueueService,
		UpdateFunc: func(old, cur interface{}) {
			e.enqueueService(cur)
		},
		DeleteFunc: e.enqueueService,
	})
	e.serviceLister = serviceInformer.Lister()
	e.servicesSynced = serviceInformer.Informer().HasSynced

	podInformer.Informer().AddEventHandler(cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
		AddFunc:    e.addPod,
		UpdateFunc: e.updatePod,
		DeleteFunc: e.deletePod,
	})
	e.podLister = podInformer.Lister()
	e.podsSynced = podInformer.Informer().HasSynced

	e.endpointsLister = endpointsInformer.Lister()
	e.endpointsSynced = endpointsInformer.Informer().HasSynced

	return e
}

// EndpointController manages selector-based service endpoints.
type EndpointController struct {
	client clientset.Interface

	// serviceLister is able to list/get services and is populated by the shared informer passed to
	// NewEndpointController.
	serviceLister corelisters.ServiceLister
	// servicesSynced returns true if the service shared informer has been synced at least once.
	// Added as a member to the struct to allow injection for testing.
	servicesSynced cache.InformerSynced

	// podLister is able to list/get pods and is populated by the shared informer passed to
	// NewEndpointController.
	podLister corelisters.PodLister
	// podsSynced returns true if the pod shared informer has been synced at least once.
	// Added as a member to the struct to allow injection for testing.
	podsSynced cache.InformerSynced

	// endpointsLister is able to list/get endpoints and is populated by the shared informer passed to
	// NewEndpointController.
	endpointsLister corelisters.EndpointsLister
	// endpointsSynced returns true if the endpoints shared informer has been synced at least once.
	// Added as a member to the struct to allow injection for testing.
	endpointsSynced cache.InformerSynced

	// Services that need to be updated. A channel is inappropriate here,
	// because it allows services with lots of pods to be serviced much
	// more often than services with few pods; it also would cause a
	// service that's inserted multiple times to be processed more than
	// necessary.
	queue workqueue.RateLimitingInterface

	// workerLoopPeriod is the time between worker runs. The workers process the queue of service and pod changes.
	workerLoopPeriod time.Duration
}

// Runs e; will not return until stopCh is closed. workers determines how many
// endpoints will be handled in parallel.
func (e *EndpointController) Run(workers int, stopCh <-chan struct{}) {
	defer utilruntime.HandleCrash()
	defer e.queue.ShutDown()

	glog.Infof("Starting endpoint controller")
	defer glog.Infof("Shutting down endpoint controller")

	if !controller.WaitForCacheSync("endpoint", stopCh, e.podsSynced, e.servicesSynced, e.endpointsSynced) {
		return
	}

	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
		go wait.Until(e.worker, e.workerLoopPeriod, stopCh)
	}

	go func() {
		defer utilruntime.HandleCrash()
		e.checkLeftoverEndpoints()
	}()

	<-stopCh
}

func (e *EndpointController) getPodServiceMemberships(pod *v1.Pod) (sets.String, error) {
	set := sets.String{}
	services, err := e.serviceLister.GetPodServices(pod)
	if err != nil {
		// don't log this error because this function makes pointless
		// errors when no services match.
		return set, nil
	}
	for i := range services {
		key, err := keyFunc(services[i])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		set.Insert(key)
	}
	return set, nil
}

// When a pod is added, figure out what services it will be a member of and
// enqueue them. obj must have *v1.Pod type.
func (e *EndpointController) addPod(obj interface{}) {
	pod := obj.(*v1.Pod)
	services, err := e.getPodServiceMemberships(pod)
	if err != nil {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Unable to get pod %v/%v's service memberships: %v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, err))
		return
	}
	for key := range services {
		e.queue.Add(key)
	}
}

func podToEndpointAddress(pod *v1.Pod) *v1.EndpointAddress {
	return &v1.EndpointAddress{
		IP:       pod.Status.PodIP,
		NodeName: &pod.Spec.NodeName,
		TargetRef: &v1.ObjectReference{
			Kind:            "Pod",
			Namespace:       pod.ObjectMeta.Namespace,
			Name:            pod.ObjectMeta.Name,
			UID:             pod.ObjectMeta.UID,
			ResourceVersion: pod.ObjectMeta.ResourceVersion,
		}}
}

func podChanged(oldPod, newPod *v1.Pod) bool {
	// If the pod's readiness has changed, the associated endpoint address
	// will move from the unready endpoints set to the ready endpoints.
	// So for the purposes of an endpoint, a readiness change on a pod
	// means we have a changed pod.
	if podutil.IsPodReady(oldPod) != podutil.IsPodReady(newPod) {
		return true
	}
	// Convert the pod to an EndpointAddress, clear inert fields,
	// and see if they are the same.
	newEndpointAddress := podToEndpointAddress(newPod)
	oldEndpointAddress := podToEndpointAddress(oldPod)
	// Ignore the ResourceVersion because it changes
	// with every pod update. This allows the comparison to
	// show equality if all other relevant fields match.
	newEndpointAddress.TargetRef.ResourceVersion = ""
	oldEndpointAddress.TargetRef.ResourceVersion = ""
	if reflect.DeepEqual(newEndpointAddress, oldEndpointAddress) {
		// The pod has not changed in any way that impacts the endpoints
		return false
	}
	return true
}

func determineNeededServiceUpdates(oldServices, services sets.String, podChanged bool) sets.String {
	if podChanged {
		// if the labels and pod changed, all services need to be updated
		services = services.Union(oldServices)
	} else {
		// if only the labels changed, services not common to
		// both the new and old service set (i.e the disjunctive union)
		// need to be updated
		services = services.Difference(oldServices).Union(oldServices.Difference(services))
	}
	return services
}

// When a pod is updated, figure out what services it used to be a member of
// and what services it will be a member of, and enqueue the union of these.
// old and cur must be *v1.Pod types.
func (e *EndpointController) updatePod(old, cur interface{}) {
	newPod := cur.(*v1.Pod)
	oldPod := old.(*v1.Pod)
	if newPod.ResourceVersion == oldPod.ResourceVersion {
		// Periodic resync will send update events for all known pods.
		// Two different versions of the same pod will always have different RVs.
		return
	}

	podChangedFlag := podChanged(oldPod, newPod)

	// Check if the pod labels have changed, indicating a possibe
	// change in the service membership
	labelsChanged := false
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(newPod.Labels, oldPod.Labels) ||
		!hostNameAndDomainAreEqual(newPod, oldPod) {
		labelsChanged = true
	}

	// If both the pod and labels are unchanged, no update is needed
	if !podChangedFlag && !labelsChanged {
		return
	}

	services, err := e.getPodServiceMemberships(newPod)
	if err != nil {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Unable to get pod %v/%v's service memberships: %v", newPod.Namespace, newPod.Name, err))
		return
	}

	if labelsChanged {
		oldServices, err := e.getPodServiceMemberships(oldPod)
		if err != nil {
			utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Unable to get pod %v/%v's service memberships: %v", oldPod.Namespace, oldPod.Name, err))
			return
		}
		services = determineNeededServiceUpdates(oldServices, services, podChangedFlag)
	}

	for key := range services {
		e.queue.Add(key)
	}
}

func hostNameAndDomainAreEqual(pod1, pod2 *v1.Pod) bool {
	return pod1.Spec.Hostname == pod2.Spec.Hostname &&
		pod1.Spec.Subdomain == pod2.Spec.Subdomain
}

// When a pod is deleted, enqueue the services the pod used to be a member of.
// obj could be an *v1.Pod, or a DeletionFinalStateUnknown marker item.
func (e *EndpointController) deletePod(obj interface{}) {
	if _, ok := obj.(*v1.Pod); ok {
		// Enqueue all the services that the pod used to be a member
		// of. This happens to be exactly the same thing we do when a
		// pod is added.
		e.addPod(obj)
		return
	}
	// If we reached here it means the pod was deleted but its final state is unrecorded.
	tombstone, ok := obj.(cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown)
	if !ok {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Couldn't get object from tombstone %#v", obj))
		return
	}
	pod, ok := tombstone.Obj.(*v1.Pod)
	if !ok {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Tombstone contained object that is not a Pod: %#v", obj))
		return
	}
	glog.V(4).Infof("Enqueuing services of deleted pod %s having final state unrecorded", pod.Name)
	e.addPod(pod)
}

// obj could be an *v1.Service, or a DeletionFinalStateUnknown marker item.
func (e *EndpointController) enqueueService(obj interface{}) {
	key, err := keyFunc(obj)
	if err != nil {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Couldn't get key for object %+v: %v", obj, err))
		return
	}

	e.queue.Add(key)
}

// worker runs a worker thread that just dequeues items, processes them, and
// marks them done. You may run as many of these in parallel as you wish; the
// workqueue guarantees that they will not end up processing the same service
// at the same time.
func (e *EndpointController) worker() {
	for e.processNextWorkItem() {
	}
}

func (e *EndpointController) processNextWorkItem() bool {
	eKey, quit := e.queue.Get()
	if quit {
		return false
	}
	defer e.queue.Done(eKey)

	err := e.syncService(eKey.(string))
	e.handleErr(err, eKey)

	return true
}

func (e *EndpointController) handleErr(err error, key interface{}) {
	if err == nil {
		e.queue.Forget(key)
		return
	}

	if e.queue.NumRequeues(key) < maxRetries {
		glog.V(2).Infof("Error syncing endpoints for service %q: %v", key, err)
		e.queue.AddRateLimited(key)
		return
	}

	glog.Warningf("Dropping service %q out of the queue: %v", key, err)
	e.queue.Forget(key)
	utilruntime.HandleError(err)
}

func (e *EndpointController) syncService(key string) error {
	startTime := time.Now()
	defer func() {
		glog.V(4).Infof("Finished syncing service %q endpoints. (%v)", key, time.Now().Sub(startTime))
	}()

	namespace, name, err := cache.SplitMetaNamespaceKey(key)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	service, err := e.serviceLister.Services(namespace).Get(name)
	if err != nil {
		// Delete the corresponding endpoint, as the service has been deleted.
		// TODO: Please note that this will delete an endpoint when a
		// service is deleted. However, if we're down at the time when
		// the service is deleted, we will miss that deletion, so this
		// doesn't completely solve the problem. See #6877.
		err = e.client.Core().Endpoints(namespace).Delete(name, nil)
		if err != nil && !errors.IsNotFound(err) {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	}

	if service.Spec.Selector == nil {
		// services without a selector receive no endpoints from this controller;
		// these services will receive the endpoints that are created out-of-band via the REST API.
		return nil
	}

	glog.V(5).Infof("About to update endpoints for service %q", key)
	pods, err := e.podLister.Pods(service.Namespace).List(labels.Set(service.Spec.Selector).AsSelectorPreValidated())
	if err != nil {
		// Since we're getting stuff from a local cache, it is
		// basically impossible to get this error.
		return err
	}

	var tolerateUnreadyEndpoints bool
	if v, ok := service.Annotations[TolerateUnreadyEndpointsAnnotation]; ok {
		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
		if err == nil {
			tolerateUnreadyEndpoints = b
		} else {
			utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Failed to parse annotation %v: %v", TolerateUnreadyEndpointsAnnotation, err))
		}
	}

	subsets := []v1.EndpointSubset{}
	var totalReadyEps int = 0
	var totalNotReadyEps int = 0

	for _, pod := range pods {
		if len(pod.Status.PodIP) == 0 {
			glog.V(5).Infof("Failed to find an IP for pod %s/%s", pod.Namespace, pod.Name)
			continue
		}
		if !tolerateUnreadyEndpoints && pod.DeletionTimestamp != nil {
			glog.V(5).Infof("Pod is being deleted %s/%s", pod.Namespace, pod.Name)
			continue
		}

		epa := *podToEndpointAddress(pod)

		hostname := pod.Spec.Hostname
		if len(hostname) > 0 && pod.Spec.Subdomain == service.Name && service.Namespace == pod.Namespace {
			epa.Hostname = hostname
		}

		// Allow headless service not to have ports.
		if len(service.Spec.Ports) == 0 {
			if service.Spec.ClusterIP == api.ClusterIPNone {
				epp := v1.EndpointPort{Port: 0, Protocol: v1.ProtocolTCP}
				subsets, totalReadyEps, totalNotReadyEps = addEndpointSubset(subsets, pod, epa, epp, tolerateUnreadyEndpoints)
			}
		} else {
			for i := range service.Spec.Ports {
				servicePort := &service.Spec.Ports[i]

				portName := servicePort.Name
				portProto := servicePort.Protocol
				portNum, err := podutil.FindPort(pod, servicePort)
				if err != nil {
					glog.V(4).Infof("Failed to find port for service %s/%s: %v", service.Namespace, service.Name, err)
					continue
				}

				var readyEps, notReadyEps int
				epp := v1.EndpointPort{Name: portName, Port: int32(portNum), Protocol: portProto}
				subsets, readyEps, notReadyEps = addEndpointSubset(subsets, pod, epa, epp, tolerateUnreadyEndpoints)
				totalReadyEps = totalReadyEps + readyEps
				totalNotReadyEps = totalNotReadyEps + notReadyEps
			}
		}
	}
	subsets = endpoints.RepackSubsets(subsets)

	// See if there's actually an update here.
	currentEndpoints, err := e.endpointsLister.Endpoints(service.Namespace).Get(service.Name)
	if err != nil {
		if errors.IsNotFound(err) {
			currentEndpoints = &v1.Endpoints{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:   service.Name,
					Labels: service.Labels,
				},
			}
		} else {
			return err
		}
	}

	createEndpoints := len(currentEndpoints.ResourceVersion) == 0

	if !createEndpoints &&
		apiequality.Semantic.DeepEqual(currentEndpoints.Subsets, subsets) &&
		apiequality.Semantic.DeepEqual(currentEndpoints.Labels, service.Labels) {
		glog.V(5).Infof("endpoints are equal for %s/%s, skipping update", service.Namespace, service.Name)
		return nil
	}
	newEndpoints := currentEndpoints.DeepCopy()
	newEndpoints.Subsets = subsets
	newEndpoints.Labels = service.Labels
	if newEndpoints.Annotations == nil {
		newEndpoints.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
	}

	glog.V(4).Infof("Update endpoints for %v/%v, ready: %d not ready: %d", service.Namespace, service.Name, totalReadyEps, totalNotReadyEps)
	if createEndpoints {
		// No previous endpoints, create them
		_, err = e.client.Core().Endpoints(service.Namespace).Create(newEndpoints)
	} else {
		// Pre-existing
		_, err = e.client.Core().Endpoints(service.Namespace).Update(newEndpoints)
	}
	if err != nil {
		if createEndpoints && errors.IsForbidden(err) {
			// A request is forbidden primarily for two reasons:
			// 1. namespace is terminating, endpoint creation is not allowed by default.
			// 2. policy is misconfigured, in which case no service would function anywhere.
			// Given the frequency of 1, we log at a lower level.
			glog.V(5).Infof("Forbidden from creating endpoints: %v", err)
		}
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

// checkLeftoverEndpoints lists all currently existing endpoints and adds their
// service to the queue. This will detect endpoints that exist with no
// corresponding service; these endpoints need to be deleted. We only need to
// do this once on startup, because in steady-state these are detected (but
// some stragglers could have been left behind if the endpoint controller
// reboots).
func (e *EndpointController) checkLeftoverEndpoints() {
	list, err := e.endpointsLister.List(labels.Everything())
	if err != nil {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Unable to list endpoints (%v); orphaned endpoints will not be cleaned up. (They're pretty harmless, but you can restart this component if you want another attempt made.)", err))
		return
	}
	for _, ep := range list {
		if _, ok := ep.Annotations[resourcelock.LeaderElectionRecordAnnotationKey]; ok {
			// when there are multiple controller-manager instances,
			// we observe that it will delete leader-election endpoints after 5min
			// and cause re-election
			// so skip the delete here
			// as leader-election only have endpoints without service
			continue
		}
		key, err := keyFunc(ep)
		if err != nil {
			utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("Unable to get key for endpoint %#v", ep))
			continue
		}
		e.queue.Add(key)
	}
}

func addEndpointSubset(subsets []v1.EndpointSubset, pod *v1.Pod, epa v1.EndpointAddress,
	epp v1.EndpointPort, tolerateUnreadyEndpoints bool) ([]v1.EndpointSubset, int, int) {
	var readyEps int = 0
	var notReadyEps int = 0
	if tolerateUnreadyEndpoints || podutil.IsPodReady(pod) {
		subsets = append(subsets, v1.EndpointSubset{
			Addresses: []v1.EndpointAddress{epa},
			Ports:     []v1.EndpointPort{epp},
		})
		readyEps++
	} else if shouldPodBeInEndpoints(pod) {
		glog.V(5).Infof("Pod is out of service: %v/%v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name)
		subsets = append(subsets, v1.EndpointSubset{
			NotReadyAddresses: []v1.EndpointAddress{epa},
			Ports:             []v1.EndpointPort{epp},
		})
		notReadyEps++
	}
	return subsets, readyEps, notReadyEps
}

func shouldPodBeInEndpoints(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
	switch pod.Spec.RestartPolicy {
	case v1.RestartPolicyNever:
		return pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodFailed && pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodSucceeded
	case v1.RestartPolicyOnFailure:
		return pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodSucceeded
	default:
		return true
	}
}