test_pathlib.py

import io
import os
import sys
import errno
import ntpath
import pathlib
import pickle
import posixpath
import socket
import stat
import tempfile
import unittest
from unittest import mock
from urllib.request import pathname2url

from test.support import import_helper
from test.support import is_emscripten, is_wasi
from test.support import set_recursion_limit
from test.support import os_helper
from test.support.os_helper import TESTFN, FakePath
from test.test_pathlib import test_pathlib_abc

try:
    import grp, pwd
except ImportError:
    grp = pwd = None


only_nt = unittest.skipIf(os.name != 'nt',
                          'test requires a Windows-compatible system')
only_posix = unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt',
                             'test requires a POSIX-compatible system')

root_in_posix = False
if hasattr(os, 'geteuid'):
    root_in_posix = (os.geteuid() == 0)

#
# Tests for the pure classes.
#

class PurePathTest(test_pathlib_abc.DummyPurePathTest):
    cls = pathlib.PurePath

    # Make sure any symbolic links in the base test path are resolved.
    base = os.path.realpath(TESTFN)

    def test_concrete_class(self):
        if self.cls is pathlib.PurePath:
            expected = pathlib.PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else pathlib.PurePosixPath
        else:
            expected = self.cls
        p = self.cls('a')
        self.assertIs(type(p), expected)

    def test_concrete_pathmod(self):
        if self.cls is pathlib.PurePosixPath:
            expected = posixpath
        elif self.cls is pathlib.PureWindowsPath:
            expected = ntpath
        else:
            expected = os.path
        p = self.cls('a')
        self.assertIs(p.pathmod, expected)

    def test_different_pathmods_unequal(self):
        p = self.cls('a')
        if p.pathmod is posixpath:
            q = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('a')
        else:
            q = pathlib.PurePosixPath('a')
        self.assertNotEqual(p, q)

    def test_different_pathmods_unordered(self):
        p = self.cls('a')
        if p.pathmod is posixpath:
            q = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('a')
        else:
            q = pathlib.PurePosixPath('a')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            p < q
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            p <= q
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            p > q
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            p >= q

    def test_constructor_nested(self):
        P = self.cls
        P(FakePath("a/b/c"))
        self.assertEqual(P(P('a')), P('a'))
        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), 'b'), P('a/b'))
        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), P('b')), P('a/b'))
        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), P('b'), P('c')), P(FakePath("a/b/c")))
        self.assertEqual(P(P('./a:b')), P('./a:b'))

    def test_join_nested(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('a/b').joinpath(P('c'))
        self.assertEqual(p, P('a/b/c'))

    def test_div_nested(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('a/b') / P('c')
        self.assertEqual(p, P('a/b/c'))

    def test_pickling_common(self):
        P = self.cls
        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c', 'a/b/c/'):
            with self.subTest(pathstr=pathstr):
                p = P(pathstr)
                for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
                    dumped = pickle.dumps(p, proto)
                    pp = pickle.loads(dumped)
                    self.assertIs(pp.__class__, p.__class__)
                    self.assertEqual(pp, p)
                    self.assertEqual(hash(pp), hash(p))
                    self.assertEqual(str(pp), str(p))

    def test_repr_common(self):
        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
            with self.subTest(pathstr=pathstr):
                p = self.cls(pathstr)
                clsname = p.__class__.__name__
                r = repr(p)
                # The repr() is in the form ClassName("forward-slashes path").
                self.assertTrue(r.startswith(clsname + '('), r)
                self.assertTrue(r.endswith(')'), r)
                inner = r[len(clsname) + 1 : -1]
                self.assertEqual(eval(inner), p.as_posix())

    def test_fspath_common(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('a/b')
        self._check_str(p.__fspath__(), ('a/b',))
        self._check_str(os.fspath(p), ('a/b',))

    def test_bytes(self):
        P = self.cls
        message = (r"argument should be a str or an os\.PathLike object "
                   r"where __fspath__ returns a str, not 'bytes'")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, message):
            P(b'a')
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, message):
            P(b'a', 'b')
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, message):
            P('a', b'b')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P('a').joinpath(b'b')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P('a') / b'b'
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            b'a' / P('b')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P('a').match(b'b')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P('a').relative_to(b'b')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P('a').with_name(b'b')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P('a').with_stem(b'b')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P('a').with_suffix(b'b')

    def test_as_bytes_common(self):
        sep = os.fsencode(self.sep)
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(bytes(P('a/b')), b'a' + sep + b'b')

    def test_ordering_common(self):
        # Ordering is tuple-alike.
        def assertLess(a, b):
            self.assertLess(a, b)
            self.assertGreater(b, a)
        P = self.cls
        a = P('a')
        b = P('a/b')
        c = P('abc')
        d = P('b')
        assertLess(a, b)
        assertLess(a, c)
        assertLess(a, d)
        assertLess(b, c)
        assertLess(c, d)
        P = self.cls
        a = P('/a')
        b = P('/a/b')
        c = P('/abc')
        d = P('/b')
        assertLess(a, b)
        assertLess(a, c)
        assertLess(a, d)
        assertLess(b, c)
        assertLess(c, d)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            P() < {}

    def test_as_uri_common(self):
        P = self.cls
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            P('a').as_uri()
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            P().as_uri()

    def test_repr_roundtrips(self):
        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
            with self.subTest(pathstr=pathstr):
                p = self.cls(pathstr)
                r = repr(p)
                # The repr() roundtrips.
                q = eval(r, pathlib.__dict__)
                self.assertIs(q.__class__, p.__class__)
                self.assertEqual(q, p)
                self.assertEqual(repr(q), r)

    def test_relative_to_several_args(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('a/b')
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            p.relative_to('a', 'b')
            p.relative_to('a', 'b', walk_up=True)

    def test_is_relative_to_several_args(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('a/b')
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            p.is_relative_to('a', 'b')


class PurePosixPathTest(PurePathTest):
    cls = pathlib.PurePosixPath

    def test_parse_path(self):
        check = self._check_parse_path
        # Collapsing of excess leading slashes, except for the double-slash
        # special case.
        check('//a/b',   '', '//', ['a', 'b'])
        check('///a/b',  '', '/', ['a', 'b'])
        check('////a/b', '', '/', ['a', 'b'])
        # Paths which look like NT paths aren't treated specially.
        check('c:a',     '', '', ['c:a',])
        check('c:\\a',   '', '', ['c:\\a',])
        check('\\a',     '', '', ['\\a',])

    def test_root(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').root, '/')
        self.assertEqual(P('///a/b').root, '/')
        # POSIX special case for two leading slashes.
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').root, '//')

    def test_eq(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P('A/b'))
        self.assertEqual(P('/a'), P('///a'))
        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a'), P('//a'))

    def test_as_uri(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('/').as_uri(), 'file:///')
        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.c').as_uri(), 'file:///a/b.c')
        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b%#c').as_uri(), 'file:///a/b%25%23c')

    def test_as_uri_non_ascii(self):
        from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
        P = self.cls
        try:
            os.fsencode('\xe9')
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            self.skipTest("\\xe9 cannot be encoded to the filesystem encoding")
        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b\xe9').as_uri(),
                         'file:///a/b' + quote_from_bytes(os.fsencode('\xe9')))

    def test_match(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertFalse(P('A.py').match('a.PY'))

    def test_is_absolute(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertFalse(P().is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('a').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('a/b/').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('/').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('/a').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b/').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('//a').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b').is_absolute())

    def test_is_reserved(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertIs(False, P('').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(False, P('/').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(False, P('/foo/bar').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(False, P('/dev/con/PRN/NUL').is_reserved())

    def test_join(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('//a')
        pp = p.joinpath('b')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//a/b'))
        pp = P('/a').joinpath('//c')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//c'))
        pp = P('//a').joinpath('/c')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))

    def test_div(self):
        # Basically the same as joinpath().
        P = self.cls
        p = P('//a')
        pp = p / 'b'
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//a/b'))
        pp = P('/a') / '//c'
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//c'))
        pp = P('//a') / '/c'
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))

    def test_parse_windows_path(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('c:', 'a', 'b')
        pp = P(pathlib.PureWindowsPath('c:\\a\\b'))
        self.assertEqual(p, pp)


class PureWindowsPathTest(PurePathTest):
    cls = pathlib.PureWindowsPath

    equivalences = PurePathTest.equivalences.copy()
    equivalences.update({
        './a:b': [ ('./a:b',) ],
        'c:a': [ ('c:', 'a'), ('c:', 'a/'), ('.', 'c:', 'a') ],
        'c:/a': [
            ('c:/', 'a'), ('c:', '/', 'a'), ('c:', '/a'),
            ('/z', 'c:/', 'a'), ('//x/y', 'c:/', 'a'),
            ],
        '//a/b/': [ ('//a/b',) ],
        '//a/b/c': [
            ('//a/b', 'c'), ('//a/b/', 'c'),
            ],
    })

    def test_parse_path(self):
        check = self._check_parse_path
        # First part is anchored.
        check('c:',                  'c:', '', [])
        check('c:/',                 'c:', '\\', [])
        check('/',                   '', '\\', [])
        check('c:a',                 'c:', '', ['a'])
        check('c:/a',                'c:', '\\', ['a'])
        check('/a',                  '', '\\', ['a'])
        # UNC paths.
        check('//',                  '\\\\', '', [])
        check('//a',                 '\\\\a', '', [])
        check('//a/',                '\\\\a\\', '', [])
        check('//a/b',               '\\\\a\\b', '\\', [])
        check('//a/b/',              '\\\\a\\b', '\\', [])
        check('//a/b/c',             '\\\\a\\b', '\\', ['c'])
        # Collapsing and stripping excess slashes.
        check('Z://b//c/d/',         'Z:', '\\', ['b', 'c', 'd'])
        # UNC paths.
        check('//b/c//d',            '\\\\b\\c', '\\', ['d'])
        # Extended paths.
        check('//./c:',              '\\\\.\\c:', '', [])
        check('//?/c:/',             '\\\\?\\c:', '\\', [])
        check('//?/c:/a',            '\\\\?\\c:', '\\', ['a'])
        # Extended UNC paths (format is "\\?\UNC\server\share").
        check('//?',                 '\\\\?', '', [])
        check('//?/',                '\\\\?\\', '', [])
        check('//?/UNC',             '\\\\?\\UNC', '', [])
        check('//?/UNC/',            '\\\\?\\UNC\\', '', [])
        check('//?/UNC/b',           '\\\\?\\UNC\\b', '', [])
        check('//?/UNC/b/',          '\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\', '', [])
        check('//?/UNC/b/c',         '\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c', '\\', [])
        check('//?/UNC/b/c/',        '\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c', '\\', [])
        check('//?/UNC/b/c/d',       '\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c', '\\', ['d'])
        # UNC device paths
        check('//./BootPartition/',  '\\\\.\\BootPartition', '\\', [])
        check('//?/BootPartition/',  '\\\\?\\BootPartition', '\\', [])
        check('//./PhysicalDrive0',  '\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive0', '', [])
        check('//?/Volume{}/',       '\\\\?\\Volume{}', '\\', [])
        check('//./nul',             '\\\\.\\nul', '', [])
        # Paths to files with NTFS alternate data streams
        check('./c:s',               '', '', ['c:s'])
        check('cc:s',                '', '', ['cc:s'])
        check('C:c:s',               'C:', '', ['c:s'])
        check('C:/c:s',              'C:', '\\', ['c:s'])
        check('D:a/c:b',             'D:', '', ['a', 'c:b'])
        check('D:/a/c:b',            'D:', '\\', ['a', 'c:b'])

    def test_str(self):
        p = self.cls('a/b/c')
        self.assertEqual(str(p), 'a\\b\\c')
        p = self.cls('c:/a/b/c')
        self.assertEqual(str(p), 'c:\\a\\b\\c')
        p = self.cls('//a/b')
        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\')
        p = self.cls('//a/b/c')
        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\c')
        p = self.cls('//a/b/c/d')
        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\c\\d')

    def test_str_subclass(self):
        self._check_str_subclass('.\\a:b')
        self._check_str_subclass('c:')
        self._check_str_subclass('c:a')
        self._check_str_subclass('c:a\\b.txt')
        self._check_str_subclass('c:\\')
        self._check_str_subclass('c:\\a')
        self._check_str_subclass('c:\\a\\b.txt')
        self._check_str_subclass('\\\\some\\share')
        self._check_str_subclass('\\\\some\\share\\a')
        self._check_str_subclass('\\\\some\\share\\a\\b.txt')

    def test_eq(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:a/b'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:', 'a', 'b'))
        self.assertNotEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('d:a/b'))
        self.assertNotEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:/a/b'))
        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a/b'), P('c:/a/b'))
        # Case-insensitivity.
        self.assertEqual(P('a/B'), P('A/b'))
        self.assertEqual(P('C:a/B'), P('c:A/b'))
        self.assertEqual(P('//Some/SHARE/a/B'), P('//somE/share/A/b'))
        self.assertEqual(P('\u0130'), P('i\u0307'))

    def test_as_uri(self):
        P = self.cls
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            P('/a/b').as_uri()
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            P('c:a/b').as_uri()
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.c').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b.c')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b%#c').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b%25%23c')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b\xe9').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b%C3%A9')
        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/').as_uri(), 'file://some/share/')
        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/a/b.c').as_uri(),
                         'file://some/share/a/b.c')
        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/a/b%#c\xe9').as_uri(),
                         'file://some/share/a/b%25%23c%C3%A9')

    def test_match(self):
        P = self.cls
        # Absolute patterns.
        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('*:/*.py'))
        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('d:/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))  # wrong drive
        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('/*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('c:*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('c:b.py').match('/*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('c:b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('/b.py').match('c:*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
        # UNC patterns.
        self.assertTrue(P('//some/share/a.py').match('//*/*/*.py'))
        self.assertTrue(P('//some/share/a.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('//other/share/a.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
        self.assertFalse(P('//some/share/a/b.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
        # Case-insensitivity.
        self.assertTrue(P('B.py').match('b.PY'))
        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a/B.Py').match('C:/A/*.pY'))
        self.assertTrue(P('//Some/Share/B.Py').match('//somE/sharE/*.pY'))
        # Path anchor doesn't match pattern anchor
        self.assertFalse(P('c:/b.py').match('/*.py'))  # 'c:/' vs '/'
        self.assertFalse(P('c:/b.py').match('c:*.py'))  # 'c:/' vs 'c:'
        self.assertFalse(P('//some/share/a.py').match('/*.py'))  # '//some/share/' vs '/'

    def test_ordering_common(self):
        # Case-insensitivity.
        def assertOrderedEqual(a, b):
            self.assertLessEqual(a, b)
            self.assertGreaterEqual(b, a)
        P = self.cls
        p = P('c:A/b')
        q = P('C:a/B')
        assertOrderedEqual(p, q)
        self.assertFalse(p < q)
        self.assertFalse(p > q)
        p = P('//some/Share/A/b')
        q = P('//Some/SHARE/a/B')
        assertOrderedEqual(p, q)
        self.assertFalse(p < q)
        self.assertFalse(p > q)

    def test_parts(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('c:a/b')
        parts = p.parts
        self.assertEqual(parts, ('c:', 'a', 'b'))
        p = P('c:/a/b')
        parts = p.parts
        self.assertEqual(parts, ('c:\\', 'a', 'b'))
        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
        parts = p.parts
        self.assertEqual(parts, ('\\\\a\\b\\', 'c', 'd'))

    def test_parent(self):
        # Anchored
        P = self.cls
        p = P('z:a/b/c')
        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('z:a/b'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('z:a'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('z:'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('z:'))
        p = P('z:/a/b/c')
        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('z:/a/b'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('z:/a'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('z:/'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('z:/'))
        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('//a/b/c'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('//a/b'))
        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('//a/b'))

    def test_parents(self):
        # Anchored
        P = self.cls
        p = P('z:a/b/')
        par = p.parents
        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('z:a'))
        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('z:'))
        self.assertEqual(par[0:1], (P('z:a'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[:-1], (P('z:a'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[:2], (P('z:a'), P('z:')))
        self.assertEqual(par[1:], (P('z:'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[::2], (P('z:a'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[::-1], (P('z:'), P('z:a')))
        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('z:a'), P('z:')])
        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
            par[2]
        p = P('z:/a/b/')
        par = p.parents
        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('z:/a'))
        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('z:/'))
        self.assertEqual(par[0:1], (P('z:/a'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[0:-1], (P('z:/a'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[:2], (P('z:/a'), P('z:/')))
        self.assertEqual(par[1:], (P('z:/'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[::2], (P('z:/a'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[::-1], (P('z:/'), P('z:/a'),))
        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('z:/a'), P('z:/')])
        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
            par[2]
        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
        par = p.parents
        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('//a/b/c'))
        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('//a/b'))
        self.assertEqual(par[0:1], (P('//a/b/c'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[0:-1], (P('//a/b/c'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[:2], (P('//a/b/c'), P('//a/b')))
        self.assertEqual(par[1:], (P('//a/b'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[::2], (P('//a/b/c'),))
        self.assertEqual(par[::-1], (P('//a/b'), P('//a/b/c')))
        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('//a/b/c'), P('//a/b')])
        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
            par[2]

    def test_drive(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:').drive, 'c:')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').drive, 'c:')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').drive, 'c:')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').drive, 'c:')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
        self.assertEqual(P('./c:a').drive, '')

    def test_root(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:').root, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').root, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').root, '\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').root, '\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').root, '\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').root, '\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').root, '\\')

    def test_anchor(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:').anchor, 'c:')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').anchor, 'c:')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').anchor, 'c:\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').anchor, 'c:\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')

    def test_name(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:').name, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').name, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').name, 'b')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').name, 'b')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').name, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').name, 'b')

    def test_suffix(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').suffix, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').suffix, '')

    def test_suffixes(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])

    def test_stem(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:').stem, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:.').stem, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:..').stem, '..')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').stem, '')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').stem, 'b')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').stem, 'b')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').stem, '.hgrc')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').stem, '.hg')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').stem, 'b.tar')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').stem,
                         'Some name. Ending with a dot.')

    def test_with_name(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:a/d.xml'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:/a/d.xml'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:a/d.xml'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:/a/d.xml'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:').with_name, 'd.xml')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:/').with_name, 'd.xml')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('//My/Share').with_name, 'd.xml')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('a').with_name('d:')), '.\\d:')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('a').with_name('d:e')), '.\\d:e')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_name('d:'), P('c:a/d:'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_name('d:e'), P('c:a/d:e'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_name, 'd:/e')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_name, '//My/Share')

    def test_with_stem(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_stem('d'), P('c:a/d'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').with_stem('d'), P('c:/a/d'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Dot ending.').with_stem('d'), P('c:a/d'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Dot ending.').with_stem('d'), P('c:/a/d'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:').with_stem, 'd')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:/').with_stem, 'd')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('//My/Share').with_stem, 'd')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('a').with_stem('d:')), '.\\d:')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('a').with_stem('d:e')), '.\\d:e')
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_stem('d:'), P('c:a/d:'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_stem('d:e'), P('c:a/d:e'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_stem, 'd:/e')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_stem, '//My/Share')

    def test_with_suffix(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:a/b.gz'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:/a/b.gz'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:a/b.gz'))
        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:/a/b.gz'))
        # Path doesn't have a "filename" component.
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('').with_suffix, '.gz')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('.').with_suffix, '.gz')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('/').with_suffix, '.gz')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('//My/Share').with_suffix, '.gz')
        # Invalid suffix.
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'gz')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '/')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '\\')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c:')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '/.gz')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '\\.gz')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c:.gz')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c/d')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c\\d')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '.c/d')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '.c\\d')

    def test_relative_to(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('C:Foo/Bar')
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:')), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:'), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO')), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO'), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/'), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO/baR')), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/baR'), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:'), walk_up=True), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:', walk_up=True), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO'), walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO', walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/', walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO/baR'), walk_up=True), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/baR', walk_up=True), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('C:Foo/Bar/Baz'), walk_up=True), P('..'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('C:Foo/Baz'), walk_up=True), P('../Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('C:Baz/Bar'), walk_up=True), P('../../Foo/Bar'))
        # Unrelated paths.
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P())
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, '')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo/Bar/Baz'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo/Baz'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P(), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, '', walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('Foo'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo'), walk_up=True)
        p = P('C:/Foo/Bar')
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/')), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/'), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO')), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO'), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/'), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO/baR')), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/baR'), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/'), walk_up=True), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/', walk_up=True), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO'), walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO', walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/', walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO/baR'), walk_up=True), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/baR', walk_up=True), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('C:/Baz', walk_up=True), P('../Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('C:/Foo/Bar/Baz', walk_up=True), P('..'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('C:/Foo/Baz', walk_up=True), P('../Bar'))
        # Unrelated paths.
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, 'c:')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c:'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Baz'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo/Bar/Baz'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo/Baz'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:/'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//C/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, 'c:', walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c:'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:/'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//C/Foo'), walk_up=True)
        # UNC paths.
        p = P('//Server/Share/Foo/Bar')
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare')), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare'), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/'), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo')), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo'), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/'), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar')), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar'), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare'), walk_up=True), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare', walk_up=True), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/', walk_up=True), P('Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo'), walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo', walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/', walk_up=True), P('Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar'), walk_up=True), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar', walk_up=True), P())
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/bar'), walk_up=True), P('../Foo/Bar'))
        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/bar', walk_up=True), P('../Foo/Bar'))
        # Unrelated paths.
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Server/Share/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c:/Server/Share/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//z/Share/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//Server/z/Foo'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Server/Share/Foo'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c:/Server/Share/Foo'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//z/Share/Foo'), walk_up=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//Server/z/Foo'), walk_up=True)

    def test_is_relative_to(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('C:Foo/Bar')
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('c:')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('c:'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('c:foO')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('c:foO'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('c:foO/'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('c:foO/baR')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('c:foO/baR'))
        # Unrelated paths.
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P()))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(''))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('d:')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('/')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('/Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('C:/Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('C:Foo/Bar/Baz')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('C:Foo/Baz')))
        p = P('C:/Foo/Bar')
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('c:/')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('c:/foO')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('c:/foO/'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('c:/foO/baR')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('c:/foO/baR'))
        # Unrelated paths.
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to('c:'))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('C:/Baz')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('C:/Foo/Bar/Baz')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('C:/Foo/Baz')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('C:Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('d:')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('d:/')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('/')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('/Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('//C/Foo')))
        # UNC paths.
        p = P('//Server/Share/Foo/Bar')
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('//sErver/sHare'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('//sErver/sHare/'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/'))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar')))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar'))
        # Unrelated paths.
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('/Server/Share/Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('c:/Server/Share/Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('//z/Share/Foo')))
        self.assertFalse(p.is_relative_to(P('//Server/z/Foo')))

    def test_is_absolute(self):
        P = self.cls
        # Under NT, only paths with both a drive and a root are absolute.
        self.assertFalse(P().is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('a').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('a/b/').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('/').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('/a').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('/a/b/').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('c:').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('c:a').is_absolute())
        self.assertFalse(P('c:a/b/').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('c:/').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a/b/').is_absolute())
        # UNC paths are absolute by definition.
        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/c').is_absolute())
        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/c/d').is_absolute())

    def test_join(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('C:/a/b')
        pp = p.joinpath('x/y')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
        pp = p.joinpath('/x/y')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/x/y'))
        # Joining with a different drive => the first path is ignored, even
        # if the second path is relative.
        pp = p.joinpath('D:x/y')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('D:x/y'))
        pp = p.joinpath('D:/x/y')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('D:/x/y'))
        pp = p.joinpath('//host/share/x/y')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//host/share/x/y'))
        # Joining with the same drive => the first path is appended to if
        # the second path is relative.
        pp = p.joinpath('c:x/y')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
        pp = p.joinpath('c:/x/y')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/x/y'))
        # Joining with files with NTFS data streams => the filename should
        # not be parsed as a drive letter
        pp = p.joinpath(P('./d:s'))
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/d:s'))
        pp = p.joinpath(P('./dd:s'))
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/dd:s'))
        pp = p.joinpath(P('E:d:s'))
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('E:d:s'))
        # Joining onto a UNC path with no root
        pp = P('//').joinpath('server')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//server'))
        pp = P('//server').joinpath('share')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//server/share'))
        pp = P('//./BootPartition').joinpath('Windows')
        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//./BootPartition/Windows'))

    def test_div(self):
        # Basically the same as joinpath().
        P = self.cls
        p = P('C:/a/b')
        self.assertEqual(p / 'x/y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / 'x' / 'y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / '/x/y', P('C:/x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / '/x' / 'y', P('C:/x/y'))
        # Joining with a different drive => the first path is ignored, even
        # if the second path is relative.
        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:x/y', P('D:x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:' / 'x/y', P('D:x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:/x/y', P('D:/x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:' / '/x/y', P('D:/x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / '//host/share/x/y', P('//host/share/x/y'))
        # Joining with the same drive => the first path is appended to if
        # the second path is relative.
        self.assertEqual(p / 'c:x/y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
        self.assertEqual(p / 'c:/x/y', P('C:/x/y'))
        # Joining with files with NTFS data streams => the filename should
        # not be parsed as a drive letter
        self.assertEqual(p / P('./d:s'), P('C:/a/b/d:s'))
        self.assertEqual(p / P('./dd:s'), P('C:/a/b/dd:s'))
        self.assertEqual(p / P('E:d:s'), P('E:d:s'))

    def test_is_reserved(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertIs(False, P('').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(False, P('/').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(False, P('/foo/bar').is_reserved())
        # UNC paths are never reserved.
        self.assertIs(False, P('//my/share/nul/con/aux').is_reserved())
        # Case-insensitive DOS-device names are reserved.
        self.assertIs(True, P('nul').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('aux').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('prn').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('con').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('conin$').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('conout$').is_reserved())
        # COM/LPT + 1-9 or + superscript 1-3 are reserved.
        self.assertIs(True, P('COM1').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('LPT9').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('com\xb9').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('com\xb2').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('lpt\xb3').is_reserved())
        # DOS-device name mataching ignores characters after a dot or
        # a colon and also ignores trailing spaces.
        self.assertIs(True, P('NUL.txt').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('PRN  ').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('AUX  .txt').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('COM1:bar').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(True, P('LPT9   :bar').is_reserved())
        # DOS-device names are only matched at the beginning
        # of a path component.
        self.assertIs(False, P('bar.com9').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(False, P('bar.lpt9').is_reserved())
        # Only the last path component matters.
        self.assertIs(True, P('c:/baz/con/NUL').is_reserved())
        self.assertIs(False, P('c:/NUL/con/baz').is_reserved())


class PurePathSubclassTest(PurePathTest):
    class cls(pathlib.PurePath):
        pass

    # repr() roundtripping is not supported in custom subclass.
    test_repr_roundtrips = None


#
# Tests for the concrete classes.
#

class PathTest(test_pathlib_abc.DummyPathTest, PurePathTest):
    """Tests for the FS-accessing functionalities of the Path classes."""
    cls = pathlib.Path
    can_symlink = os_helper.can_symlink()

    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        os.chmod(self.pathmod.join(self.base, 'dirE'), 0)

    def tearDown(self):
        os.chmod(self.pathmod.join(self.base, 'dirE'), 0o777)
        os_helper.rmtree(self.base)

    def tempdir(self):
        d = os_helper._longpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='-dirD',
                                                 dir=os.getcwd()))
        self.addCleanup(os_helper.rmtree, d)
        return d

    def test_matches_pathbase_api(self):
        our_names = {name for name in dir(self.cls) if name[0] != '_'}
        path_names = {name for name in dir(pathlib._abc.PathBase) if name[0] != '_'}
        self.assertEqual(our_names, path_names)
        for attr_name in our_names:
            if attr_name == 'pathmod':
                # On Windows, Path.pathmod is ntpath, but PathBase.pathmod is
                # posixpath, and so their docstrings differ.
                continue
            our_attr = getattr(self.cls, attr_name)
            path_attr = getattr(pathlib._abc.PathBase, attr_name)
            self.assertEqual(our_attr.__doc__, path_attr.__doc__)

    def test_concrete_class(self):
        if self.cls is pathlib.Path:
            expected = pathlib.WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else pathlib.PosixPath
        else:
            expected = self.cls
        p = self.cls('a')
        self.assertIs(type(p), expected)

    def test_unsupported_pathmod(self):
        if self.cls.pathmod is os.path:
            self.skipTest("path flavour is supported")
        else:
            self.assertRaises(pathlib.UnsupportedOperation, self.cls)

    def _test_cwd(self, p):
        q = self.cls(os.getcwd())
        self.assertEqual(p, q)
        self.assertEqualNormCase(str(p), str(q))
        self.assertIs(type(p), type(q))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_absolute())

    def test_cwd(self):
        p = self.cls.cwd()
        self._test_cwd(p)

    def test_absolute_common(self):
        P = self.cls

        with mock.patch("os.getcwd") as getcwd:
            getcwd.return_value = self.base

            # Simple relative paths.
            self.assertEqual(str(P().absolute()), self.base)
            self.assertEqual(str(P('.').absolute()), self.base)
            self.assertEqual(str(P('a').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, 'a'))
            self.assertEqual(str(P('a', 'b', 'c').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, 'a', 'b', 'c'))

            # Symlinks should not be resolved.
            self.assertEqual(str(P('linkB', 'fileB').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, 'linkB', 'fileB'))
            self.assertEqual(str(P('brokenLink').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, 'brokenLink'))
            self.assertEqual(str(P('brokenLinkLoop').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, 'brokenLinkLoop'))

            # '..' entries should be preserved and not normalised.
            self.assertEqual(str(P('..').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, '..'))
            self.assertEqual(str(P('a', '..').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, 'a', '..'))
            self.assertEqual(str(P('..', 'b').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, '..', 'b'))

    def _test_home(self, p):
        q = self.cls(os.path.expanduser('~'))
        self.assertEqual(p, q)
        self.assertEqualNormCase(str(p), str(q))
        self.assertIs(type(p), type(q))
        self.assertTrue(p.is_absolute())

    @unittest.skipIf(
        pwd is None, reason="Test requires pwd module to get homedir."
    )
    def test_home(self):
        with os_helper.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
            self._test_home(self.cls.home())

            env.clear()
            env['USERPROFILE'] = os.path.join(self.base, 'userprofile')
            self._test_home(self.cls.home())

            # bpo-38883: ignore `HOME` when set on windows
            env['HOME'] = os.path.join(self.base, 'home')
            self._test_home(self.cls.home())

    @unittest.skipIf(is_wasi, "WASI has no user accounts.")
    def test_expanduser_common(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P('~')
        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), P(os.path.expanduser('~')))
        p = P('foo')
        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
        p = P('/~')
        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
        p = P('../~')
        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
        p = P(P('').absolute().anchor) / '~'
        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
        p = P('~/a:b')
        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), P(os.path.expanduser('~'), './a:b'))

    def test_with_segments(self):
        class P(self.cls):
            def __init__(self, *pathsegments, session_id):
                super().__init__(*pathsegments)
                self.session_id = session_id

            def with_segments(self, *pathsegments):
                return type(self)(*pathsegments, session_id=self.session_id)
        p = P(self.base, session_id=42)
        self.assertEqual(42, p.absolute().session_id)
        self.assertEqual(42, p.resolve().session_id)
        if not is_wasi:  # WASI has no user accounts.
            self.assertEqual(42, p.with_segments('~').expanduser().session_id)
        self.assertEqual(42, (p / 'fileA').rename(p / 'fileB').session_id)
        self.assertEqual(42, (p / 'fileB').replace(p / 'fileA').session_id)
        if self.can_symlink:
            self.assertEqual(42, (p / 'linkA').readlink().session_id)
        for path in p.iterdir():
            self.assertEqual(42, path.session_id)
        for path in p.glob('*'):
            self.assertEqual(42, path.session_id)
        for path in p.rglob('*'):
            self.assertEqual(42, path.session_id)
        for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in p.walk():
            self.assertEqual(42, dirpath.session_id)

    def test_open_unbuffered(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base)
        with (p / 'fileA').open('rb', buffering=0) as f:
            self.assertIsInstance(f, io.RawIOBase)
            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")

    def test_resolve_nonexist_relative_issue38671(self):
        p = self.cls('non', 'exist')

        old_cwd = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(self.base)
        try:
            self.assertEqual(p.resolve(), self.cls(self.base, p))
        finally:
            os.chdir(old_cwd)

    @os_helper.skip_unless_working_chmod
    def test_chmod(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
        mode = p.stat().st_mode
        # Clear writable bit.
        new_mode = mode & ~0o222
        p.chmod(new_mode)
        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode, new_mode)
        # Set writable bit.
        new_mode = mode | 0o222
        p.chmod(new_mode)
        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode, new_mode)

    # On Windows, os.chmod does not follow symlinks (issue #15411)
    @only_posix
    @os_helper.skip_unless_working_chmod
    def test_chmod_follow_symlinks_true(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'linkA'
        q = p.resolve()
        mode = q.stat().st_mode
        # Clear writable bit.
        new_mode = mode & ~0o222
        p.chmod(new_mode, follow_symlinks=True)
        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_mode, new_mode)
        # Set writable bit
        new_mode = mode | 0o222
        p.chmod(new_mode, follow_symlinks=True)
        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_mode, new_mode)

    # XXX also need a test for lchmod.

    def _get_pw_name_or_skip_test(self, uid):
        try:
            return pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name
        except KeyError:
            self.skipTest(
                "user %d doesn't have an entry in the system database" % uid)

    @unittest.skipUnless(pwd, "the pwd module is needed for this test")
    def test_owner(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
        expected_uid = p.stat().st_uid
        expected_name = self._get_pw_name_or_skip_test(expected_uid)

        self.assertEqual(expected_name, p.owner())

    @unittest.skipUnless(pwd, "the pwd module is needed for this test")
    @unittest.skipUnless(root_in_posix, "test needs root privilege")
    def test_owner_no_follow_symlinks(self):
        all_users = [u.pw_uid for u in pwd.getpwall()]
        if len(all_users) < 2:
            self.skipTest("test needs more than one user")

        target = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
        link = self.cls(self.base) / 'linkA'

        uid_1, uid_2 = all_users[:2]
        os.chown(target, uid_1, -1)
        os.chown(link, uid_2, -1, follow_symlinks=False)

        expected_uid = link.stat(follow_symlinks=False).st_uid
        expected_name = self._get_pw_name_or_skip_test(expected_uid)

        self.assertEqual(expected_uid, uid_2)
        self.assertEqual(expected_name, link.owner(follow_symlinks=False))

    def _get_gr_name_or_skip_test(self, gid):
        try:
            return grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
        except KeyError:
            self.skipTest(
                "group %d doesn't have an entry in the system database" % gid)

    @unittest.skipUnless(grp, "the grp module is needed for this test")
    def test_group(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
        expected_gid = p.stat().st_gid
        expected_name = self._get_gr_name_or_skip_test(expected_gid)

        self.assertEqual(expected_name, p.group())

    @unittest.skipUnless(grp, "the grp module is needed for this test")
    @unittest.skipUnless(root_in_posix, "test needs root privilege")
    def test_group_no_follow_symlinks(self):
        all_groups = [g.gr_gid for g in grp.getgrall()]
        if len(all_groups) < 2:
            self.skipTest("test needs more than one group")

        target = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
        link = self.cls(self.base) / 'linkA'

        gid_1, gid_2 = all_groups[:2]
        os.chown(target, -1, gid_1)
        os.chown(link, -1, gid_2, follow_symlinks=False)

        expected_gid = link.stat(follow_symlinks=False).st_gid
        expected_name = self._get_pw_name_or_skip_test(expected_gid)

        self.assertEqual(expected_gid, gid_2)
        self.assertEqual(expected_name, link.group(follow_symlinks=False))

    def test_unlink(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileA'
        p.unlink()
        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)

    def test_unlink_missing_ok(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'fileAAA'
        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
        p.unlink(missing_ok=True)

    def test_rmdir(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base) / 'dirA'
        for q in p.iterdir():
            q.unlink()
        p.rmdir()
        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "link"), "os.link() is not present")
    def test_hardlink_to(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        target = P / 'fileA'
        size = target.stat().st_size
        # linking to another path.
        link = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
        link.hardlink_to(target)
        self.assertEqual(link.stat().st_size, size)
        self.assertTrue(os.path.samefile(target, link))
        self.assertTrue(target.exists())
        # Linking to a str of a relative path.
        link2 = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAAA'
        target2 = self.pathmod.join(TESTFN, 'fileA')
        link2.hardlink_to(target2)
        self.assertEqual(os.stat(target2).st_size, size)
        self.assertTrue(link2.exists())

    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(os, "link"), "os.link() is present")
    def test_hardlink_to_unsupported(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        p = P / 'fileA'
        # linking to another path.
        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
        with self.assertRaises(pathlib.UnsupportedOperation):
            q.hardlink_to(p)

    def test_rename(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        p = P / 'fileA'
        size = p.stat().st_size
        # Renaming to another path.
        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
        renamed_p = p.rename(q)
        self.assertEqual(renamed_p, q)
        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_size, size)
        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
        # Renaming to a str of a relative path.
        r = self.pathmod.join(TESTFN, 'fileAAA')
        renamed_q = q.rename(r)
        self.assertEqual(renamed_q, self.cls(r))
        self.assertEqual(os.stat(r).st_size, size)
        self.assertFileNotFound(q.stat)

    def test_replace(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        p = P / 'fileA'
        size = p.stat().st_size
        # Replacing a non-existing path.
        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
        replaced_p = p.replace(q)
        self.assertEqual(replaced_p, q)
        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_size, size)
        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
        # Replacing another (existing) path.
        r = self.pathmod.join(TESTFN, 'dirB', 'fileB')
        replaced_q = q.replace(r)
        self.assertEqual(replaced_q, self.cls(r))
        self.assertEqual(os.stat(r).st_size, size)
        self.assertFileNotFound(q.stat)

    def test_touch_common(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        p = P / 'newfileA'
        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
        p.touch()
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        st = p.stat()
        old_mtime = st.st_mtime
        old_mtime_ns = st.st_mtime_ns
        # Rewind the mtime sufficiently far in the past to work around
        # filesystem-specific timestamp granularity.
        os.utime(str(p), (old_mtime - 10, old_mtime - 10))
        # The file mtime should be refreshed by calling touch() again.
        p.touch()
        st = p.stat()
        self.assertGreaterEqual(st.st_mtime_ns, old_mtime_ns)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(st.st_mtime, old_mtime)
        # Now with exist_ok=False.
        p = P / 'newfileB'
        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
        p.touch(mode=0o700, exist_ok=False)
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        self.assertRaises(OSError, p.touch, exist_ok=False)

    def test_touch_nochange(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        p = P / 'fileA'
        p.touch()
        with p.open('rb') as f:
            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")

    def test_mkdir(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        p = P / 'newdirA'
        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
        p.mkdir()
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            p.mkdir()
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)

    def test_mkdir_parents(self):
        # Creating a chain of directories.
        p = self.cls(self.base, 'newdirB', 'newdirC')
        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            p.mkdir()
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
        p.mkdir(parents=True)
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            p.mkdir(parents=True)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
        # Test `mode` arg.
        mode = stat.S_IMODE(p.stat().st_mode)  # Default mode.
        p = self.cls(self.base, 'newdirD', 'newdirE')
        p.mkdir(0o555, parents=True)
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
        if os.name != 'nt':
            # The directory's permissions follow the mode argument.
            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(p.stat().st_mode), 0o7555 & mode)
        # The parent's permissions follow the default process settings.
        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(p.parent.stat().st_mode), mode)

    def test_mkdir_exist_ok(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base, 'dirB')
        st_ctime_first = p.stat().st_ctime
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
            p.mkdir()
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
        p.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_ctime, st_ctime_first)

    def test_mkdir_exist_ok_with_parent(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base, 'dirC')
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
            p.mkdir()
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
        p = p / 'newdirC'
        p.mkdir(parents=True)
        st_ctime_first = p.stat().st_ctime
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
            p.mkdir(parents=True)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
        p.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_ctime, st_ctime_first)

    @unittest.skipIf(is_emscripten, "FS root cannot be modified on Emscripten.")
    def test_mkdir_exist_ok_root(self):
        # Issue #25803: A drive root could raise PermissionError on Windows.
        self.cls('/').resolve().mkdir(exist_ok=True)
        self.cls('/').resolve().mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    @only_nt  # XXX: not sure how to test this on POSIX.
    def test_mkdir_with_unknown_drive(self):
        for d in 'ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA':
            p = self.cls(d + ':\\')
            if not p.is_dir():
                break
        else:
            self.skipTest("cannot find a drive that doesn't exist")
        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
            (p / 'child' / 'path').mkdir(parents=True)

    def test_mkdir_with_child_file(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base, 'dirB', 'fileB')
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        # An exception is raised when the last path component is an existing
        # regular file, regardless of whether exist_ok is true or not.
        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
            p.mkdir(parents=True)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
            p.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)

    def test_mkdir_no_parents_file(self):
        p = self.cls(self.base, 'fileA')
        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
        # An exception is raised when the last path component is an existing
        # regular file, regardless of whether exist_ok is true or not.
        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
            p.mkdir()
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
        with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
            p.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)

    def test_mkdir_concurrent_parent_creation(self):
        for pattern_num in range(32):
            p = self.cls(self.base, 'dirCPC%d' % pattern_num)
            self.assertFalse(p.exists())

            real_mkdir = os.mkdir
            def my_mkdir(path, mode=0o777):
                path = str(path)
                # Emulate another process that would create the directory
                # just before we try to create it ourselves.  We do it
                # in all possible pattern combinations, assuming that this
                # function is called at most 5 times (dirCPC/dir1/dir2,
                # dirCPC/dir1, dirCPC, dirCPC/dir1, dirCPC/dir1/dir2).
                if pattern.pop():
                    real_mkdir(path, mode)  # From another process.
                    concurrently_created.add(path)
                real_mkdir(path, mode)  # Our real call.

            pattern = [bool(pattern_num & (1 << n)) for n in range(5)]
            concurrently_created = set()
            p12 = p / 'dir1' / 'dir2'
            try:
                with mock.patch("os.mkdir", my_mkdir):
                    p12.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=False)
            except FileExistsError:
                self.assertIn(str(p12), concurrently_created)
            else:
                self.assertNotIn(str(p12), concurrently_created)
            self.assertTrue(p.exists())

    def test_symlink_to(self):
        if not self.can_symlink:
            self.skipTest("symlinks required")
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        target = P / 'fileA'
        # Symlinking a path target.
        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAA'
        link.symlink_to(target)
        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
        # Symlinking a str target.
        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAAA'
        link.symlink_to(str(target))
        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
        self.assertFalse(link.is_dir())
        # Symlinking to a directory.
        target = P / 'dirB'
        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAAAA'
        link.symlink_to(target, target_is_directory=True)
        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
        self.assertTrue(link.is_dir())
        self.assertTrue(list(link.iterdir()))

    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(os, "symlink"), "os.symlink() is present")
    def test_symlink_to_unsupported(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)
        p = P / 'fileA'
        # linking to another path.
        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
        with self.assertRaises(pathlib.UnsupportedOperation):
            q.symlink_to(p)

    def test_is_junction(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base)

        with mock.patch.object(P.pathmod, 'isjunction'):
            self.assertEqual(P.is_junction(), P.pathmod.isjunction.return_value)
            P.pathmod.isjunction.assert_called_once_with(P)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "mkfifo"), "os.mkfifo() required")
    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "vxworks",
                    "fifo requires special path on VxWorks")
    def test_is_fifo_true(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base, 'myfifo')
        try:
            os.mkfifo(str(P))
        except PermissionError as e:
            self.skipTest('os.mkfifo(): %s' % e)
        self.assertTrue(P.is_fifo())
        self.assertFalse(P.is_socket())
        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
        self.assertIs(self.cls(self.base, 'myfifo\udfff').is_fifo(), False)
        self.assertIs(self.cls(self.base, 'myfifo\x00').is_fifo(), False)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"), "Unix sockets required")
    @unittest.skipIf(
        is_emscripten, "Unix sockets are not implemented on Emscripten."
    )
    @unittest.skipIf(
        is_wasi, "Cannot create socket on WASI."
    )
    def test_is_socket_true(self):
        P = self.cls(self.base, 'mysock')
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.addCleanup(sock.close)
        try:
            sock.bind(str(P))
        except OSError as e:
            if (isinstance(e, PermissionError) or
                    "AF_UNIX path too long" in str(e)):
                self.skipTest("cannot bind Unix socket: " + str(e))
        self.assertTrue(P.is_socket())
        self.assertFalse(P.is_fifo())
        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
        self.assertIs(self.cls(self.base, 'mysock\udfff').is_socket(), False)
        self.assertIs(self.cls(self.base, 'mysock\x00').is_socket(), False)

    def test_is_char_device_true(self):
        # Under Unix, /dev/null should generally be a char device.
        P = self.cls('/dev/null')
        if not P.exists():
            self.skipTest("/dev/null required")
        self.assertTrue(P.is_char_device())
        self.assertFalse(P.is_block_device())
        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
        self.assertIs(self.cls('/dev/null\udfff').is_char_device(), False)
        self.assertIs(self.cls('/dev/null\x00').is_char_device(), False)

    def test_is_mount_root(self):
        if os.name == 'nt':
            R = self.cls('c:\\')
        else:
            R = self.cls('/')
        self.assertTrue(R.is_mount())
        self.assertFalse((R / '\udfff').is_mount())

    def test_passing_kwargs_deprecated(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            self.cls(foo="bar")

    def setUpWalk(self):
        super().setUpWalk()
        sub21_path= self.sub2_path / "SUB21"
        tmp5_path = sub21_path / "tmp3"
        broken_link3_path = self.sub2_path / "broken_link3"

        os.makedirs(sub21_path)
        tmp5_path.write_text("I am tmp5, blame test_pathlib.")
        if self.can_symlink:
            os.symlink(tmp5_path, broken_link3_path)
            self.sub2_tree[2].append('broken_link3')
            self.sub2_tree[2].sort()
        if not is_emscripten:
            # Emscripten fails with inaccessible directories.
            os.chmod(sub21_path, 0)
        try:
            os.listdir(sub21_path)
        except PermissionError:
            self.sub2_tree[1].append('SUB21')
        else:
            os.chmod(sub21_path, stat.S_IRWXU)
            os.unlink(tmp5_path)
            os.rmdir(sub21_path)

    def test_walk_bad_dir(self):
        self.setUpWalk()
        errors = []
        walk_it = self.walk_path.walk(on_error=errors.append)
        root, dirs, files = next(walk_it)
        self.assertEqual(errors, [])
        dir1 = 'SUB1'
        path1 = root / dir1
        path1new = (root / dir1).with_suffix(".new")
        path1.rename(path1new)
        try:
            roots = [r for r, _, _ in walk_it]
            self.assertTrue(errors)
            self.assertNotIn(path1, roots)
            self.assertNotIn(path1new, roots)
            for dir2 in dirs:
                if dir2 != dir1:
                    self.assertIn(root / dir2, roots)
        finally:
            path1new.rename(path1)

    def test_walk_many_open_files(self):
        depth = 30
        base = self.cls(self.base, 'deep')
        path = self.cls(base, *(['d']*depth))
        path.mkdir(parents=True)

        iters = [base.walk(top_down=False) for _ in range(100)]
        for i in range(depth + 1):
            expected = (path, ['d'] if i else [], [])
            for it in iters:
                self.assertEqual(next(it), expected)
            path = path.parent

        iters = [base.walk(top_down=True) for _ in range(100)]
        path = base
        for i in range(depth + 1):
            expected = (path, ['d'] if i < depth else [], [])
            for it in iters:
                self.assertEqual(next(it), expected)
            path = path / 'd'

    def test_walk_above_recursion_limit(self):
        recursion_limit = 40
        # directory_depth > recursion_limit
        directory_depth = recursion_limit + 10
        base = self.cls(self.base, 'deep')
        path = base.joinpath(*(['d'] * directory_depth))
        path.mkdir(parents=True)

        with set_recursion_limit(recursion_limit):
            list(base.walk())
            list(base.walk(top_down=False))

    def test_glob_many_open_files(self):
        depth = 30
        P = self.cls
        p = base = P(self.base) / 'deep'
        p.mkdir()
        for _ in range(depth):
            p /= 'd'
            p.mkdir()
        pattern = '/'.join(['*'] * depth)
        iters = [base.glob(pattern) for j in range(100)]
        for it in iters:
            self.assertEqual(next(it), p)
        iters = [base.rglob('d') for j in range(100)]
        p = base
        for i in range(depth):
            p = p / 'd'
            for it in iters:
                self.assertEqual(next(it), p)

    def test_glob_above_recursion_limit(self):
        recursion_limit = 50
        # directory_depth > recursion_limit
        directory_depth = recursion_limit + 10
        base = self.cls(self.base, 'deep')
        path = base.joinpath(*(['d'] * directory_depth))
        path.mkdir(parents=True)

        with set_recursion_limit(recursion_limit):
            list(base.glob('**/'))

    def test_glob_recursive_no_trailing_slash(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P(self.base)
        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
            p.glob('**')
        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
            p.glob('*/**')
        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
            p.rglob('**')
        with self.assertWarns(FutureWarning):
            p.rglob('*/**')


@only_posix
class PosixPathTest(PathTest, PurePosixPathTest):
    cls = pathlib.PosixPath

    def test_absolute(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(str(P('/').absolute()), '/')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('/a').absolute()), '/a')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('/a/b').absolute()), '/a/b')

        # '//'-prefixed absolute path (supported by POSIX).
        self.assertEqual(str(P('//').absolute()), '//')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('//a').absolute()), '//a')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('//a/b').absolute()), '//a/b')

    @unittest.skipIf(
        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
        "umask is not implemented on Emscripten/WASI."
    )
    def test_open_mode(self):
        old_mask = os.umask(0)
        self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
        p = self.cls(self.base)
        with (p / 'new_file').open('wb'):
            pass
        st = os.stat(self.pathmod.join(self.base, 'new_file'))
        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
        os.umask(0o022)
        with (p / 'other_new_file').open('wb'):
            pass
        st = os.stat(self.pathmod.join(self.base, 'other_new_file'))
        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)

    def test_resolve_root(self):
        current_directory = os.getcwd()
        try:
            os.chdir('/')
            p = self.cls('spam')
            self.assertEqual(str(p.resolve()), '/spam')
        finally:
            os.chdir(current_directory)

    @unittest.skipIf(
        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
        "umask is not implemented on Emscripten/WASI."
    )
    def test_touch_mode(self):
        old_mask = os.umask(0)
        self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
        p = self.cls(self.base)
        (p / 'new_file').touch()
        st = os.stat(self.pathmod.join(self.base, 'new_file'))
        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
        os.umask(0o022)
        (p / 'other_new_file').touch()
        st = os.stat(self.pathmod.join(self.base, 'other_new_file'))
        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)
        (p / 'masked_new_file').touch(mode=0o750)
        st = os.stat(self.pathmod.join(self.base, 'masked_new_file'))
        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o750)

    def test_glob(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P(self.base)
        given = set(p.glob("FILEa"))
        expect = set() if not os_helper.fs_is_case_insensitive(self.base) else given
        self.assertEqual(given, expect)
        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("FILEa*")), set())

    def test_rglob(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P(self.base, "dirC")
        given = set(p.rglob("FILEd"))
        expect = set() if not os_helper.fs_is_case_insensitive(self.base) else given
        self.assertEqual(given, expect)
        self.assertEqual(set(p.rglob("FILEd*")), set())

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(pwd, 'getpwall'),
                         'pwd module does not expose getpwall()')
    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "vxworks",
                     "no home directory on VxWorks")
    def test_expanduser(self):
        P = self.cls
        import_helper.import_module('pwd')
        import pwd
        pwdent = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
        username = pwdent.pw_name
        userhome = pwdent.pw_dir.rstrip('/') or '/'
        # Find arbitrary different user (if exists).
        for pwdent in pwd.getpwall():
            othername = pwdent.pw_name
            otherhome = pwdent.pw_dir.rstrip('/')
            if othername != username and otherhome:
                break
        else:
            othername = username
            otherhome = userhome

        fakename = 'fakeuser'
        # This user can theoretically exist on a test runner. Create unique name:
        try:
            while pwd.getpwnam(fakename):
                fakename += '1'
        except KeyError:
            pass  # Non-existent name found

        p1 = P('~/Documents')
        p2 = P(f'~{username}/Documents')
        p3 = P(f'~{othername}/Documents')
        p4 = P(f'../~{username}/Documents')
        p5 = P(f'/~{username}/Documents')
        p6 = P('')
        p7 = P(f'~{fakename}/Documents')

        with os_helper.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
            env.pop('HOME', None)

            self.assertEqual(p1.expanduser(), P(userhome) / 'Documents')
            self.assertEqual(p2.expanduser(), P(userhome) / 'Documents')
            self.assertEqual(p3.expanduser(), P(otherhome) / 'Documents')
            self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
            self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
            self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)
            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p7.expanduser)

            env['HOME'] = '/tmp'
            self.assertEqual(p1.expanduser(), P('/tmp/Documents'))
            self.assertEqual(p2.expanduser(), P(userhome) / 'Documents')
            self.assertEqual(p3.expanduser(), P(otherhome) / 'Documents')
            self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
            self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
            self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)
            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p7.expanduser)

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform != "darwin",
                     "Bad file descriptor in /dev/fd affects only macOS")
    def test_handling_bad_descriptor(self):
        try:
            file_descriptors = list(pathlib.Path('/dev/fd').rglob("*"))[3:]
            if not file_descriptors:
                self.skipTest("no file descriptors - issue was not reproduced")
            # Checking all file descriptors because there is no guarantee
            # which one will fail.
            for f in file_descriptors:
                f.exists()
                f.is_dir()
                f.is_file()
                f.is_symlink()
                f.is_block_device()
                f.is_char_device()
                f.is_fifo()
                f.is_socket()
        except OSError as e:
            if e.errno == errno.EBADF:
                self.fail("Bad file descriptor not handled.")
            raise

    def test_from_uri(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:/foo/bar'), P('/foo/bar'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file://foo/bar'), P('//foo/bar'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:///foo/bar'), P('/foo/bar'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:////foo/bar'), P('//foo/bar'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file://localhost/foo/bar'), P('/foo/bar'))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, 'foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, '/foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, '//foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, 'file:foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, 'http://foo/bar')

    def test_from_uri_pathname2url(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:' + pathname2url('/foo/bar')), P('/foo/bar'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:' + pathname2url('//foo/bar')), P('//foo/bar'))


@only_nt
class WindowsPathTest(PathTest, PureWindowsPathTest):
    cls = pathlib.WindowsPath

    def test_absolute(self):
        P = self.cls

        # Simple absolute paths.
        self.assertEqual(str(P('c:\\').absolute()), 'c:\\')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('c:\\a').absolute()), 'c:\\a')
        self.assertEqual(str(P('c:\\a\\b').absolute()), 'c:\\a\\b')

        # UNC absolute paths.
        share = '\\\\server\\share\\'
        self.assertEqual(str(P(share).absolute()), share)
        self.assertEqual(str(P(share + 'a').absolute()), share + 'a')
        self.assertEqual(str(P(share + 'a\\b').absolute()), share + 'a\\b')

        # UNC relative paths.
        with mock.patch("os.getcwd") as getcwd:
            getcwd.return_value = share

            self.assertEqual(str(P().absolute()), share)
            self.assertEqual(str(P('.').absolute()), share)
            self.assertEqual(str(P('a').absolute()), os.path.join(share, 'a'))
            self.assertEqual(str(P('a', 'b', 'c').absolute()),
                             os.path.join(share, 'a', 'b', 'c'))

        drive = os.path.splitdrive(self.base)[0]
        with os_helper.change_cwd(self.base):
            # Relative path with root
            self.assertEqual(str(P('\\').absolute()), drive + '\\')
            self.assertEqual(str(P('\\foo').absolute()), drive + '\\foo')

            # Relative path on current drive
            self.assertEqual(str(P(drive).absolute()), self.base)
            self.assertEqual(str(P(drive + 'foo').absolute()), os.path.join(self.base, 'foo'))

        with os_helper.subst_drive(self.base) as other_drive:
            # Set the working directory on the substitute drive
            saved_cwd = os.getcwd()
            other_cwd = f'{other_drive}\\dirA'
            os.chdir(other_cwd)
            os.chdir(saved_cwd)

            # Relative path on another drive
            self.assertEqual(str(P(other_drive).absolute()), other_cwd)
            self.assertEqual(str(P(other_drive + 'foo').absolute()), other_cwd + '\\foo')

    def test_glob(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P(self.base)
        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("FILEa")), { P(self.base, "fileA") })
        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("*a\\")), { P(self.base, "dirA/") })
        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("F*a")), { P(self.base, "fileA") })
        self.assertEqual(set(map(str, p.glob("FILEa"))), {f"{p}\\fileA"})
        self.assertEqual(set(map(str, p.glob("F*a"))), {f"{p}\\fileA"})

    def test_rglob(self):
        P = self.cls
        p = P(self.base, "dirC")
        self.assertEqual(set(p.rglob("FILEd")), { P(self.base, "dirC/dirD/fileD") })
        self.assertEqual(set(p.rglob("*\\")), { P(self.base, "dirC/dirD/") })
        self.assertEqual(set(map(str, p.rglob("FILEd"))), {f"{p}\\dirD\\fileD"})

    def test_expanduser(self):
        P = self.cls
        with os_helper.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
            env.pop('HOME', None)
            env.pop('USERPROFILE', None)
            env.pop('HOMEPATH', None)
            env.pop('HOMEDRIVE', None)
            env['USERNAME'] = 'alice'

            # test that the path returns unchanged
            p1 = P('~/My Documents')
            p2 = P('~alice/My Documents')
            p3 = P('~bob/My Documents')
            p4 = P('/~/My Documents')
            p5 = P('d:~/My Documents')
            p6 = P('')
            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p1.expanduser)
            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p2.expanduser)
            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p3.expanduser)
            self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
            self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
            self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)

            def check():
                env.pop('USERNAME', None)
                self.assertEqual(p1.expanduser(),
                                 P('C:/Users/alice/My Documents'))
                self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p2.expanduser)
                env['USERNAME'] = 'alice'
                self.assertEqual(p2.expanduser(),
                                 P('C:/Users/alice/My Documents'))
                self.assertEqual(p3.expanduser(),
                                 P('C:/Users/bob/My Documents'))
                self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
                self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
                self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)

            env['HOMEPATH'] = 'C:\\Users\\alice'
            check()

            env['HOMEDRIVE'] = 'C:\\'
            env['HOMEPATH'] = 'Users\\alice'
            check()

            env.pop('HOMEDRIVE', None)
            env.pop('HOMEPATH', None)
            env['USERPROFILE'] = 'C:\\Users\\alice'
            check()

            # bpo-38883: ignore `HOME` when set on windows
            env['HOME'] = 'C:\\Users\\eve'
            check()

    def test_from_uri(self):
        P = self.cls
        # DOS drive paths
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:c:/path/to/file'), P('c:/path/to/file'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:c|/path/to/file'), P('c:/path/to/file'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:/c|/path/to/file'), P('c:/path/to/file'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:///c|/path/to/file'), P('c:/path/to/file'))
        # UNC paths
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file://server/path/to/file'), P('//server/path/to/file'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:////server/path/to/file'), P('//server/path/to/file'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file://///server/path/to/file'), P('//server/path/to/file'))
        # Localhost paths
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file://localhost/c:/path/to/file'), P('c:/path/to/file'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file://localhost/c|/path/to/file'), P('c:/path/to/file'))
        # Invalid paths
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, 'foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, 'c:/foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, '//foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, 'file:foo/bar')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P.from_uri, 'http://foo/bar')

    def test_from_uri_pathname2url(self):
        P = self.cls
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:' + pathname2url(r'c:\path\to\file')), P('c:/path/to/file'))
        self.assertEqual(P.from_uri('file:' + pathname2url(r'\\server\path\to\file')), P('//server/path/to/file'))

    def test_owner(self):
        P = self.cls
        with self.assertRaises(pathlib.UnsupportedOperation):
            P('c:/').owner()

    def test_group(self):
        P = self.cls
        with self.assertRaises(pathlib.UnsupportedOperation):
            P('c:/').group()


class PathSubclassTest(PathTest):
    class cls(pathlib.Path):
        pass

    # repr() roundtripping is not supported in custom subclass.
    test_repr_roundtrips = None


class CompatiblePathTest(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Test that a type can be made compatible with PurePath
    derivatives by implementing division operator overloads.
    """

    class CompatPath:
        """
        Minimum viable class to test PurePath compatibility.
        Simply uses the division operator to join a given
        string and the string value of another object with
        a forward slash.
        """
        def __init__(self, string):
            self.string = string

        def __truediv__(self, other):
            return type(self)(f"{self.string}/{other}")

        def __rtruediv__(self, other):
            return type(self)(f"{other}/{self.string}")

    def test_truediv(self):
        result = pathlib.PurePath("test") / self.CompatPath("right")
        self.assertIsInstance(result, self.CompatPath)
        self.assertEqual(result.string, "test/right")

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            # Verify improper operations still raise a TypeError
            pathlib.PurePath("test") / 10

    def test_rtruediv(self):
        result = self.CompatPath("left") / pathlib.PurePath("test")
        self.assertIsInstance(result, self.CompatPath)
        self.assertEqual(result.string, "left/test")

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            # Verify improper operations still raise a TypeError
            10 / pathlib.PurePath("test")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()